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Information Technology Notes

For CAPE students. Good Luck on your exams

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bratz0912
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2 views

Information Technology Notes

For CAPE students. Good Luck on your exams

Uploaded by

bratz0912
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Technology

8:45 AM 9/28/2023
1:49 PM 9/28/2023

Database Normalization
When you normalize a database table, you structure it in such a way that cannot
express redundant information.

Normalized tables are:


Easier to understand
Easier to enhance and extend
Protected from insertion anomalies
updated anomalies
deletion anomalies

First Normal Form (1NF)


Violation of 1NF Rules
1) When you use order to convey information. When information is presented in a
database it is shown across. This is called a record.
2) Mixing data type within the same column.
3) By not having a primary key in your table.
4) Storing a repeating group of data items on a single row violates 1NF.

Second Normal Form (2NF)


The second normal form is about how a table's non-key columns relate to the primary
key. Each non-key attribute must depend on the entire primary key.

Third Normal Form (3NF)


In the third normal form, every non-key attribute in a table should depend on the
key, the whole key, and nothing but the key.
The third normal form prohibits the dependency of a non-key attribute on another
non-key attribute.

Fourth Normal Form (4NF)


The fourth normal form says that the only kinds of multivalued dependencies we're
allowed to have in a table are multivalued dependencies on the key.

Fifth Normal Form (5NF)


The table (which must be in 4NF) cannot be described as the logical result of
joining some other tables together.

Notes:
SQL - Structured Query Language
Primary key - The primary key is a field that contains unit characters to identify
a key.

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