CURRENT AFFAIRS

CSS 2023: Tips to crack for Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Papers

Written by Waqas Rafique (46th CTP, PSP)

First thing you have to do is to read the statement of the question you are
going to attempt again and again. Try to pick the essence of what
examiner has asked and then answer accordingly. Candidates, in a hurry
to answer the question, often do not get the central point of the question.
As a result, they fail to produce a relevant answer. Read a question three
times, at least, and then answer it. Never forget that the pattern of your
answer must, in sequence, be: introduction, content body and conclusion.
Try to give maximum headings in the content part. Try to avoid a single-
word heading. Make it self-explanatory. For example, while answering the
question ‘Why Pakistan is facing economic instability’, you may give a
heading in the following ways:

1. Poor Law and Order Situation

2. Poor Law and Order Situation, the main culprit in hindering the Foreign
Investment to Pakistan

Choose the second one, because it is more explanatory. The examiner

will have an idea of your argument from this heading. This will save him
from reading your content as he has already gotten the gist of your
argument. Further, his eyes will catch any important highlighted fact you
have written below your heading. This will facilitate him a lot; surely, to
your benefit.

 In introductory paragraph, present a brief history of the issue being

discussed and relate it to the current scenario asked in the question. It
should not be more than half a page.
 Current Affairs and Pakistan Affairs papers are all about your analysis.
Give maximum of that. The more your analysis, the more marks
guaranteed. Your analysis should, obviously, be supported by authentic
facts and figures.
 You should highlight your facts and figures by underlining them with a
pointer so that examiner may come to know about supporting data for
your arguments.
 Try to add quotations, flowcharts or diagrams in your answers; however,
avoid inserting any unnecessary flowchart or diagram.
 The conclusion is often neglected by the candidates and as a result they
suffer a lot. So, your conclusion should be comprehensive. Try to give
way forward of the issue you are writing on. Do have an optimistic
approach in your conclusion.
 In other words, it should be a happy ending of your answer. You can add
a quotation as well.
 Do not adopt extremist approach in your answers. Be the moderate one.
Yes, you may criticize institutions, but be balanced while doing so.

Current Affairs Syllabus for CSS 2023

The syllabus of Current Affairs can be divided in the following parts.

1. Pakistan Domestic Affairs (20%)

2. Pakistan External Affairs (40%)
3. General Issues (40%)
Part-I: Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs

 Political: This section covers political history of Pakistan, democratic

process in Pakistan, comparison of democratic and military regimes,
constitutional crisis in Pakistan, salient features of the constitution of
1956, 1962, 1973 and subsequent constitutional amendments.
 Economic: This section covers economic history of Pakistan, current
economic situation, performance of important sectors of economy .g.
agriculture, manufacturing, services sector, trade imbalance, future of
economy of Pakistan.
 Social: This section focuses on areas like poverty, unemployment and its
impact on society, terrorism and extremism in Pakistan and how to curtail
it, social stratification, women development, etc.
 In Current Affairs paper, facts and figures on economy, energy, etc.,
would fetch additional marks. Drawing diagrams, where necessary, would
 also benefit you. This does not, at all, mean that one should start the
answer of a question on terrorism by sketching weapons and bullets.
Having a fair idea of how to draw the World Map, Map of Pakistan and of
South Asia would be beneficial.
Part-II: Pakistan’s External Affairs

 Pakistan’s relations with neighbours (India, China, Afghanistan,

Russia): Important areas to cover in this segment include are; water
issues with India, trade with India and challenges, Indus Water Treaty
(IWT), history and future of Pak-India relationship, the history of Pakistan-
China relationship, China Pakistan Economic Corrrdor (CPEC), impact of
CPEC on the economy of Pakistan, pros and cons of CPEC, challenges
regarding CPEC, the history of Pakistan-Afghanistan relationship,
Pakistan-Afghanistan relationship in the backdrop of war on terror (post
9/11 scenario), the future of Pakistan-Afghan relationship, the history of
Pak-Russia relationship (in context of the Cold War), Afghanistan-
Pakistan water agreement, Pakistan’s role in the Afghan peace process,
CPEC and changing geo-politics viz-a-viz Pak-Russia relationship, new
strategic relationship between Pakistan and Russia and the future of Pak-
Russia relations.
 Pakistan relations with the United States: History of Pak-US relations,
pros and cons of a long-term engagement with US, Pak-US relations in
post 9/11 scenario, Pak-US relations under Trump and Biden regime.
 Pakistan’s relations with regional and international
organizations: This includes the United Nations (UN), the South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the
World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Gulf Cooperation Council
(GCC). Focus on the role of UN in resolving issues related to
Pakistan/South Asia. Pakistan’s contribution to the UN especially
peacekeeping missions, India’s bid regarding permanent membership of
UNSC and challenges for Pakistan, SAARC and its role, making SAARC
an effective regional organization, ECO and its role in regional politics,
role of OIC and challenges and reasons for failure in the uniting the
Muslim world, OIC and the Middle-East crisis, WTO: function of WTO,
various bodies of WTO, agreements under WTO, impact of WTO on
 world’s economy, WTO and Pakistan, impact of WTO on the economy of
Pakistan, FATF and Pakistan: the impact of being in the ‘Grey list’, the
role and remit of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
pandemic.
 Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim world (Iran, Saudi Arabia and
Turkey): This includes the history of their relationships, Iran-Pakistan-
India (IPI) gas pipeline, CPEC and its impact on Pak-Iran relations, future
prospects of Pak-Iran relations, the recent Turkey-Pakistan increasing
defense ties.
Part- Ill: Global Issues

 International security: Threats to the international security, armaments,

lingering issues posing threat to global peace
 International political economy: The capitalism and its future,
mercantilism. North-South divide, the role of IMF and the World Bank,
commonalities in the social, political and economic structures of
developing countries.
 Human rights: Human rights violations in the world, the role of the
western countries and the UN in prevention human rights violations
 Environmental issues: The global warming, Kyoto protocol, Paris
Climate Agreement, global warming and its impact on Pakistan.
 Terrorism and counter-terrorism: Global war on terrorism, impact of
GWOT on social, economic and political aspects of Pakistan, AF-PAK
policy and its critical analysis.
 Global energy politics: The current oil price and their impact on the
instability of the Middle-East region, Petro wars in the Middle-East region.
 Nuclear Proliferation and Security: the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),
the nuclear deterrence in South Asia, Pakistan’s stance on NPT, the
comparison of Pakistan and India nuclear and ballistic missile program
and capability, Cold Start doctrine and Pakistan’s response.
 Cooperation and Competition in Arabian Sea, Indian and Pacific
Oceans: Gwadar Port and its significance and challenges, China’s string
of pearls, China’s growing influence in South China Sea and Indian
Ocean.
 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): The details of MDGs, analysis
of the implementation of MDGs, how successful has MDGs
implementation been, Pakistan and implementation of MDGs, the
 challenges in the way of MDGs and way forward, the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
 Globalization: What is globalization, factors ‘behind globalization,
positive and negative aspects of globalization, impacts of globalization on
social, cultural, economic and political aspects of Pakistan, Globalization
and the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Middle East Crisis: Arab spring, the roots of Middle-East crisis, external
and internal factors precipitation, impact of Middle-East crisis on Pakistan,
the role of middle powers in the Middle East imbroglio.
 Kashmir Issue: Historical background, the UN resolutions, Kashmir’s
status after 5th August 2019, hindrances and steps taken so far in
resolving the issue, Pakistan’s new political map.
 Palestine Issue: History of Palestine issues, the Arab-Israel wars, impact
of new Israeli settlements on Palestine conflict, steps taken for resolution
of Palestine issue, Trump’s peace plan on Palestine, Israel’s relations in
the Muslim countries and impacts on Pakistan, the challenges in the way
of peaceful settlement of the Palestine issue.
Current Affairs: CSS Past Papers Analysis
I. Pakistan Domestic Affairs

1. Give a critical review of Pakistan Energy Policy 2013-2018. (CSS 2019)

2. How can the corruption elimination strategy be made part of governance
system of Pakistan? (CSS 2019) (CSS 2014)
3. Highlight the role of National Action Plan (NAP) in stabilization of internal
security of Pakistan. Critically analyze its outcomes. (CSS 2017)
4. Discuss in detail the efficacy of counter terrorism measures adopted by
especially with reference to the National Action Plan (NAP). (CSS 2016)
5. What measures would you suggest improving the economy of Pakistan
particularly in the areas of debt reduction and enhancing export capacity?
(CSS 2016)
6. Since 1970 every election was accused of rigging, what electoral reforms
you will suggest improving electoral system of Pakistan? (CSS 2015)
7. What is the role of education in character-building of a nation? Highlight
major pitfalls in Pakistan’s education systems. (CSS 2015)
8. Do you believe that main cause of 2014 flood was Indian ‘water terrorism’
or it was due to awful mismanagement of water resources in Pakistan?
(CSS 2015)
9. Critically evaluate the counter-terrorism policy of Pakistan and suggest
measures to eradicate this evil. (CSS 2015)
10. Critically appreciate the decision making in Pakistan regarding
energy crisis in Pakistan. (CSS 2014)
11. What is character-building? Assess the factor (character building) in
education systems of Pakistan and give suggestions for improvement.
(CSS 2014)
12. How can the governing structures have the capacity to neutralize
threats to internal security of Pakistan? (CSS 2019)
13. Why was Pakistan placed on the ‘Grey List’ of Financial Action Task
Force (FATF)? What are the implications and what measures should
Pakistan take to move out of this list? (CSS 2020)
14. Discuss the successes and failures of political parties in bringing
about a meaningful change in Pakistan. (CSS 2013)
15. Discuss the causes of extremism and militancy in Pakistani society.
Suggest ways and means for the state organs to overcome these
problems. (CSS 2013)
16. Critically evaluate the causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan and its
consequences for the economic growth and social fabric in the country.
(CSS 2013)
17. Discuss the impact of foreign aid on Pakistan in post 9/11 scenario.
(CSS 2012)
18. How can the energy crisis of Pakistan be resolved? (CSS 2012)
19. Discuss issues in the higher educational system vis-a-vis 18th
amendment in Pakistan. (2012)
20. How the corruption be managed in Pakistan? (CSS 2012)
21. How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt? Suggest mechanism in
Pakistan economy to handle external perspective of Pakistan economy.
(CSS 2011)
22. What can be the strategies to reduce dependency of education
sector on governmental funding? (CSS 2011)
23. Give suggestions to manage political instability in Pakistan. (CSS
2011)
24. Most of the major political parties have committed to the creation of the new provinces in
Pakistan. Should new provinces be created or not, in Pakistan? Elaborate your answer by giving
references from the new province debate. (2021)
25. The creation of more provinces is a persistent demand from some
circles in Pakistan. How do you see thecreation of more provinces in
 Pakistan; as beneficial or harmful for the people? Explain your views
withsolid justification. (2024)
26. How is militarization of Artificial Intelligence and Computing revolutionizing the military
affairs? (2021)
27. Numerous political systems- Parliamentary as well as Presidential
have been in vogue in Pakistan with limited success. Draft your own
proposed but practical system that would result in good governance of the
country. Stipulate the reasons and conditions for its success. (CSS 2022)
II. Pakistan External Affairs

Topic 1: Pakistan’s relations with its Neighbors (India, China,

Afghanistan, Russia)
1. Critically Examine/Examine China Strategic vision behind ‘The Bell and
Road Initiative (BRI)’ also known as One Belt One Road (OBOR). (CSS
2019) (CSS 2017)
2. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-
changer. How the CPEC can be helpful to uplift the Pakistan’s economy?
Discuss. (CSS 2018)
3. Explain the salient contours of the US ‘rebalancing policy’ and China’s
assertive policy in South-China Sea and latter’s disputes with the regional
countries. Critically evaluate. (CSS 2017)
4. What measures do you suggest improving the security conditions of
Baluchistan in respect to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), and
the role of regional powers to sabotage it? (CSS 2017)
5. Discuss the prospects and challenges to the construction of China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor. How will CPEC become a game changer for
the region? (CSS 2016)
6. Examine China Strategic Vision behind The Belt and Road Initiative
(BRI), also known as the One Belt One Road (OBOR). (CSS 2019)
7. Discuss the importance of Pak-China relations. How does this
relationship effect political and security environment in South Asia? (CSS
2013)
8. Discuss impact of economic development of China on World Order. (CSS
2012)
9. Discuss the possibilities of progress under the recently agreed rubric of
comprehensive dialogue between Pakistan and India. In your opinion
what are major constraints at present? (CSS 2016)
10. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and
Pakistan in perspective of water management projects in Indian held
Kashmir. (CSS 2014)
11. Resolution of Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan can bring
peace and prosperity in the region. Discuss. (CSS 2013)
12. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and
Pakistan in global perspective of climate change. (CSS 2012)
13. If India is granted Permanent seat in Security Council; what can be
the options available to Pakistan to manage the Indian Hegemony in
South Asia? (CSS 2011)
14. What will be the reason of emerging water conflict between Pakistan
and Afghanistan? (CSS 2019)
15. Do you agree that Pakistan’s role in Afghan Jihad against Soviet
Union was the root cause of terrorism in Pakistan or it is a reaction of US
invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11 and Pakistan’s U- turn in Afghan
policy? (CSS 2015)
16. What could be the reasons of emerging water conflict between
Pakistan and Afghanistan? (CSS 2019)
17. Discuss the current socio-political and security situation of
Afghanistan and its implications for the neighboring countries. (CSS
2013)
18. What is AFPAK policy; how to manage its implication on Pakistan?
(CSS 2011)
19. Some scholars term Afghan Peace Deal as the US Withdrawal Deal. Do you agree Answer
the question while discussing the contours of the Afghan peace process. (2021)
20. The 2021 Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan presents regional and
global challenges. Elaborate on the anticipated policies of the Taliban
government and the regional and global response. (CSS 2022)
21. Propose prospective foreign policy options for Pakistan in the wake
of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. (CSS 2022)
22. Discuss the core causes of Russian invasion of Ukraine which
have considerablesocio-economic, political and strategic
consequences on the world. Explain itsdevastating impact on
Pakistan and its severe lesson for the country's survival? (2023)
23. Discuss the project idea of China Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) which is the greatleap forward of economic regionalization in
the globalized world_ Explain its potentialadvantages, challenges
and future prospects? (2023)
 24. Saudi Arabia and Iran both have significant place in Pakistan’s
foreign policy. How Pakistan can maintainfriendly relations with both
Saudi Arabia and Iran, especially after the mediation of China
between the twocountries?(2024)
25. Evaluate the implications of Ukraine War for the Russia-Europe
energy relations. (2024)

Topic 2: Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim World (Iran, Saudi

Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey)

1.
Discuss in detail the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and challenges to it. (CSS
2018)
2. Discuss historic Pakistan and Turkey bilateral relations beyond the areas
of socio-economic mid strategic realms. Explain its geopolitical ripple
effects in the Himalayas. the Arabian Peninsula, and the South
Caucasus? (2023)
3. Critically discuss that why Pakistan's economic growth continues to be
"Balance-of-Payments" constraint which is one of the cores causes to
keep the foreign exchangereserves under pressure. Do you think that
Pakistan's capon performance remains themost relevant long-tent
challenge to alleviate the balance-of-payments constraint forsustained
economic growth and explain radical structural reforms to improve
exportperformance? (2023)

Topic 3: Pakistan’s relations with the United States

1. Discuss the impact of AFPAK policy on Pak-US relations. (CSS 2014)

2. Discuss the strengths of US to implement its economic policies
worldwide. (CSS 2014)

Topic 4: Pakistan’s relations with Regional and International

Organizations (UN, SAARC, ECO, OIC, WTO, GCC)

1. What are the opportunities and challenges for Pakistan as one of the new
members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)? (CSS 2018)
2. Substantiate Pakistan’s role in UN peace keeping missions. (CSS 2014)
3. Discuss the role of OIC, GCC, and Arab league in the Middle East Crisis
and conflicts. (CSS 2020)
4. Give recommendations to make SAARC an effective organization at
regional level keeping in view success of European Union. (CSS 2011)
5. Muslim Ummah has failed to unite under one roof. The leadership, their
internal wrangling, and sectarian divide keeps them away from each
other. No wonder the Muslim world is in shambles in their home
countries, at the OIC level, and at international forums. Taking a tag from
above, discuss ways and means to unite the Muslim Ummah with a
pragmatic approach. (CSS 2022)
6. Discuss the Pakistan’s historic role in Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO) and under theframework of regional integration; what
are the future prospects of ECO for Pakistan? (2024)
7. Short note: Prospects of regional integration in South Asia (2024)
III. Global Issues

Topic 5: International Security

1. Discuss instrument of techniques of Hybrid Warfare in context of

Pakistan? (CSS 2019)
2. How can the governing structure have the capacity to neutralize threats to
internal security of Pakistan? (CSS 2019)
3. What will be strategic and political implications of the US withdrawl from the Open Skies Treaty,
and how is it impacting the arms control arrangements between the great powers? (2021)

Topic 6: International Political Economy

Topic 7: Human Rights

Topic 8: Environment: Global Warming, Kyoto Protocol,

Copenhagen Accord

1. Elaborate the reasons and impacts on Donald Trump withdrawal from

climate change Paris agreement 2015. (CSS 2019)
2. Discuss the adverse impact of climate change on the world and the
measures recently adopted by the Paris Conference to address this
issue. (CSS 2016)
3. Elaborate the reasons and impacts of Donald Trump’s withdrawal from
Climate Change Paris Agreement 2015? (CSS 2019)
4. What impact global climate change will have on the water resources of
Pakistan? How will it affect inter- provincial harmony? (CSS 2020)
5. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in
global perspective of climate change. (CSS 2012)
6. What is climate change impact? What are its implications on Pakistan?
How to manage climate change in policy and practice? (CSS 2011)
7. The UN climate summit (COP-27) in Sharm el Sheikh (Egypt) discussed
Pakistan catastrophic summer floods exacerbated by climate change and
the country is facing imminent threat of epidemics and other multi-
dimensional dangers. Discuss the COP-27 roadmap to face the challenge
of climate change and proposed measures for the reconstruction and
rehabilitation of Pakistan? (2023)
8. Short note: Climate Change and the Bing powers role (2024)

Topic 9: Population: World population trends, world population

policies

November 15, 2022. will be a historic date in humanity's history because

at this date theEarth's population reached to the 8 billion mark. Critically
discuss that the 21n century is acentury of rapid population growth which
has a devastating negative impact in the world. Explain the severe
consequences of rapid population growth which will affect to everycountry
on earth? (2023)

Topic 10: Terrorism and Counter Terrorism

Topic 12: Global Energy Politics

Critically discuss the conceptualized energy's influence on the world geo-

politics and its distinctiveness of global energy governance? (2023)

Topic 13: Nuclear Proliferation and Nuclear Security

1. Now do the nature and possible prospects of US-Russia strategic nuclear

deterrence change with the enforcement of the New START treaty of
2021? What could be the treaty’s implications on Pakistan’s nuclear
program keeping in view its defense policy? (CSS 2022)
2. Short note: The UN efforts for nuclear non-proliferation (2024)

Topic 14: Nuclear Politics in South Asia

1. Analyze the effects of commissioning of nuclear-powered ballistic missile
submarine (SSBN), INS Arihant equipped with nuclear-capable missile
called K-4 over the strategic stability of South Asia. (CSS 2017)
2. The US-India in August 2016 signed Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
Agreement (LEMOA) that will reportedly facilitate the two allies to use
each other’s military facilities to check China’s growing influence.
Comment. (CSS 2017)

Topic 15: International Trade (Doha Development Round and Bali

Package)

1. The US and China have been in an ongoing trade war since 2018. In
academic circles, it has been argued that this conflict may as well be the
Second Cold War. Critically evaluate the future world order with main
actors such as China, Russia and the US. (CSS 2022)

Topic 16: Cooperation and Competition in Arabian Sea, Indian and

Pacific Oceans.

1. Critically examine the Donald Trump’s Policy for South Asia and its
implications for Pakistan and the region. (CSS 2018)
2. How the US is trying to keep its dominant position in the Asia-Pacific and
what is the China’s response to it? (CSS 2018)
3. The impact of burgeoning US-India strategic partnership over the security
situation of the region and Indian Ocean Region. (CSS 2017)
4. Discuss the strategic contours of Indo-US evolving partnership and how
will it impact Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China relations? (CSS 2020)
5. Strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region is increasingly becoming
intense. Define the interests and the role of US, China, India, Japan, and
Australia in the geopolitics of Indo-Pacific region. (CSS 2020)
6. Critically evaluate the US-Pakistan relations under the Joe Biden
Administration vis-a-vis the US Indo-Pacific strategy.(2024)

Topic 17: Millennium Development Goals, Current Status

Topic 18: Globalization

1. In view of the evolving global alignments and changing nature of major-
power relationships, what is the future of globalism and multilateralism?
Discuss with examples. (CSS 2020)
2. Delineate the ways in which Covid-19 has affected the contours of the
contemporary world order. (2021)

Topic 19: Middle East Crisis

1. What are the causes of ‘Arab Spring’? Identify their impacts on the future
politics of the region? (CSS 2015)
2. Describe the 2017 Qatar Diplomatic Crisis and its impact on the Middle
East? (CSS 2018)
3. Critically analyze the newly established Islamic Military Alliance and its
future implications for the Muslim World? (CSS 2018)
4. Critically analyze the US-Russia relations in context of ISIS and its impact
on the security situation of Middle East? (CSS 2017)
5. How do you see recent developments in the Middle East, particularly with
reference to deteriorating relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran? What
role, if any, Pakistan could play in reducing the tensions between the two
Muslim countries? (CSS 2016)
6. How will ‘Arab spring’ effect the political and security environment in the
Arab World? (CSS 2013)

Topic 20: Kashmir and Palestine Issues

1. Given the volatile lockdown in Indian Occupied Kashmir, what are the
viable policy choices available to Pakistan? What can Pakistan
realistically do to ease the sufferings of Kashmiri people? (CSS 2020)
2. Resolution of Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan can bring peace
and prosperity in the region. Discuss. (CSS 2013)
3. What are the similarities and differences between Nagorno-Kaharabakh and Kashmir conflicts?
(2021)
4. Palestine conflict is a long-standing one on the United Nations table.
Discuss its recent escalation sinceOctober 2023 and critically assess the
big powers’ reaction to it. (2024)

Topic 21: Extra areas:

1. Examine the emerging strategic competition between China and the US
and its impact on the global order. (CSS 2016)
2. Substantiate Pakistan’s role in Commonwealth. (CSS 2012)
3. Note: Poverty & Trade in South Asia and the role of SAARC (CSS 2022)
4. Note: A comparison of leadership qualities between Xi Jinping of China
and Joe Biden of the US Note: (2022)
5. FIFA world cup and politics of the Arab World (CSS 2022)
Recommended Books

 Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-2005: A Concise History (Abdul Sattar)

 Issue in Pakistan’s Economy, 2010 (Akbar S. Zaidi)
 Pakistan: A Hard Country, 2012 (Anatol Lieven)
 Government & Politics in South Asia (Baxter, Malik, Kennedy & Oberst)
 Introduction to International Political (David Balaam & Bradford Dillman)
 International Organization (Volker Rittberger, Bernhard Zangl and
Andress Kruck)
 The Age of Deception: Nuclear Diplomacy in Treacherous Times
(Mohamed Elbaradei)
 International Relations, 2012 (Joshua Goldstein)
 World Politics: Trends and Transformation, 2014-2015 (Kegley & Blanton)
 Pakistan Beyond the Crisis, 2011 (Maleeha Lodhi)
 Globalization in Question, 2009 (Paul Hirst)
 International Political Economy: Interests & Institutions in the Global
Economy, 201 (Thomas Oatley)
 Politics and Change in the Middle East (Andersen, Seibert, and Wagner)
 Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb (Feroz Khan)
 Pakistan and World Affairs (Shamshad Ahmad)
 Current Affairs, Articulate Magazine for CSS exams