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Lecture 1

Hydraulic structure

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shahid ali
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19 views

Lecture 1

Hydraulic structure

Uploaded by

shahid ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Hydraulic Structures

Lecture 1:- Introduction


Dr. Shahid Ali
PhD Hydraulic & Water Resouce Engineering (Fluid Dynamics)
Technical University Delft, the Netherlands
MSc (Nuclear Engineering)
PIEAS Nilore , Pakistan
MSc (Hydraulic &Irrigation Engineering)
UET Taxila, Pakistan
BSc ( Civil Engineering)
UET Taxila, Pakistan
Course Outlines
Diversion structures:
Barrages and weirs on permeable foundations (Design consideration of barrages for surface
and sub-surface flows). Retrogression. Sedimentation characteristics for barrage ponds and
its influence by gate operation; management of sedimentation in barrage ponds.
Barrage components: Glacis, Rigid apron, Flexible (concrete block) apron. End-sill
arrangements for energy dissipation for weir and under-sluice sections of a barrage. Pier,
Divide wall, Fish passes, Sheet Piles. Barrage operation for irrigation, flood and hydropower
operations. Theory and design of canal regulation structures - Head regulators Cross
regulators and Escape regulators; Intakes.

Cross drainage works:


Supper passage, aqueduct, siphon aqueduct, level crossing;
Highway crossings: bridges culverts, and dips/ causeway, Drainage inlet for surface drains.
Theory and design of drop structures / canal falls
Theory and design of silt excluding structures
Hydraulic design of pumping stations
Theory and design of canal outlets
Design of flow measuring structures i.e. weir, V-notches, flumes.
 Guide bunds for flow control of rivers (for barrages and bridges); its
design features. Structures for prevention of riverbank and coastal erosion
(considerations for toe scour; provision of filter to prevent subsidence
 Spillway: Types, properties and limitations, Hydraulic design of spillway,
energy dissipation devices on and below spillway. Hydraulic design of
stilling basins
 Principal components of a hydropower station: Intakes and Trash racks,
Water conductor system, Tunnels, Surge tanks, Penstocks, Anchor blocks.
Turbine foundation.

References
 Hydraulic Structures, P. Novak, A. I. B. Moffat, C. Nalluri and R.
Narayanan, Taylor and Francis, U. K.
 Irrigation and Hydraulic Structures: Theory, design and practice, Iqbal
Ali, Allied Book Company, Lahore.
 Hydraulics of Spillways and Energy Dissipators, R. M. Khatsuria, Marcel
Dekker Publishing, New York.
 Scouring, IAHR Design Manual, H.N.C.Breusers, A.J. Ruadkivi, Balkema
Rotterdam.
Dams
Delta Works
Strom Surge Barriers
 The Netherlands is a geographically low-lying country, with about 20% of its
area and 21% of its population located below sea level. As much as 50% of its
land lie less than one meter above sea level. With two thirds of its area
vulnerable to flooding, flood control is an important issue for the Netherlands.
The country utilizes a system of embankments, dikes and sluice gates along the
seafront and on the mouths of the rivers to prevent storm water from surging in
from the sea.
 In 1953, after a massive flood in the North Sea that killed 1,835 people,
displaced 70,000 more and caused damages worth 1 billion Dutch guilders, the
government started building a series of dams, sluices, locks, dykes, levees, and
storm surge barriers around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta to protect the area
from flooding. Collectively known as the Delta Works or North Sea Protection
Works, the barriers are an engineering marvel that the American Society of
Civil Engineers has named one of the “Seven Wonders of the Modern World.”
 Delta Works consist of 13 ambitious projects designed to protect the Netherlands from flooding from
the North Sea. Among the various barriers constructed two stand out: one is Maeslantkering and the
other is Oosterscheldekering.
Maeslantkering
 Maeslantkering is a movable storm surge barrier spanning the New
Waterway (Nieuwe Waterweg), a canal that connects the river Rhine to
the North Sea. The Maeslantkering acts as a final line of defense for
Rotterdam against high levels of incoming seawater. It is one of largest
moving structures on Earth, and the most impressive project of Delta
Works.
 The original plans for the Delta Works did not include this particular
barrier because the authorities wanted to keep the port of Rotterdam,
at that time the world's largest port, open for the Dutch economy.
However, when it was found that the dykes that were originally planned
were insufficient to protect 1.5 million people around Rotterdam, it was
decided to build a moveable storm surge barrier.

 The Maeslantkering is a set of two swinging doors almost as long as the


Eiffel tower and weighs about four times as much. It is the only storm
surge barrier in the world with such large moveable parts. The storm
surging doors have a length of 210 meters each, and 22 meters high,
each having 237 meters long steel truss swivel with ball-socket
movement on both the banks of the waterway.
Under normal circumstances, these doors are fully opened,
providing a 360 meters wide passage for ships to pass. When a
storm surge of 3 meters above normal sea level is anticipated,
the doors starts to float and move towards each other closing the
waterway. They are then flooded and the additional weight
makes them sink and turns them into a massive barrier. The
barrier is connected to a computer system which is linked to
weather and sea level data, so their operation is fully automatic.

The Maeslantkering is expected to be closed once every ten


years due to a storm surge. Since construction was finished in
1997, the doors were closed only once in November 2007.
However, the barrier is closed for testing once a year, usually in
the end of September or the beginning of October, just before
the beginning of the storm season mid October.
Oosterscheldekering
 The Oosterscheldekering (in English: Eastern Scheldt storm surge
barrier) is another storm surge barrier located between the islands
Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland. It is the largest of the 13
Delta Works constructions, the most expensive and the most difficult
to build.
 The nine-kilometre-long Oosterscheldekering was initially designed,
and partly built, as a closed dam, but after public protest, huge sluice-
gate-type doors were installed in the remaining four kilometers. These
doors are normally open, but can be closed under adverse weather
conditions. In this way, the saltwater marine life behind the dam is
preserved and fishing can continue, while the land behind the dam is
safe from the water.
 Since its opening in 1986, the dam has been closed twenty-five times
due to water levels exceeding or being predicted to exceed the three
meters. The dam is designed to last more than 200 years.
The Oosterscheldekering contains 62 steel doors, each 42 metres
(138 ft) wide
Thanks

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