Mathematical

Methods
(MA-203)
Mathematical Methods (MA-203)
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay Lecture Note_24-25
Hankel
transform

Examples by
Hankel
tranform of
Prof. Santwana Mukhopadhyay
derivatives

Application of Department of Mathematical Sciences

hankel IIT(BHU), Varanasi
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq.
 Hankel Transform

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay Contents
Hankel
transform

Examples 1 Hankel transform and its properties

Hankel
tranform of
derivatives 2 Examples
Application of
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
3 Hankel tranform of derivatives
Differential Eq.

4 Application of hankel Transform: Solution of Differential

Eq.
 Hankel transform

Mathematical
Methods Definition
(MA-203)
Let f (x ) be a function defined for x ≥ 0. The n-th order
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay Hankel transform (H.T) of f (x ) is defined by
Hankel
transform

Examples f¯(s) =H [f (x ) : x → s]
Hankel
Z ∞
tranform of
derivatives
= f (x ).xJn (sx )dx ,
0
Application of
hankel
Transform: where Jn (sx ) is the Bessel function of first kind of order n. For
Solution of
Differential Eq. n > − 21 , the Inverse Hankel transform is defined as

h i
f (x ) =H −1 f¯(s) : s → x
Z ∞
= f¯(s).sJn (sx )ds.
0
 Linear property

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel
transform Linear property
Examples

Hankel
tranform of
derivatives H [c1 f1 (x ) + c2 f2 (x )] =c1 H [f1 (x )] + c2 H [f2 (x )] ,
Application of
hankel
Transform: where c1 and c2 are constants.
Solution of
Differential Eq.
 Change of scale property

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel
transform
Change of scale property
Examples

Hankel
tranform of 1 s
derivatives If H [f (x )] = f¯(s), then H [f (ax )] = f¯( ),
Application of a a
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
where ’a’ is a constant.
Differential Eq.
 Problem

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
Probelm 1.
Hankel
transform Find the following integrals
Examples

Hankel Z ∞
tranform of
derivatives (I) e −ax J0 (sx )dx
Application of 0
Z ∞
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
(II) e −ax J1 (sx )dx
Differential Eq.
0
 Solution

Mathematical
Methods
Solution: We know the Bessel function of first kind is defined
(MA-203) by
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
∞  n+2r
X (−1)r x
Hankel Jn (x ) =
transform
r =0
r ! Γ(n + r + 1) 2
Examples

Hankel
∞ 2r
(−1)r
Z ∞ Z ∞
sx

tranform of
e −ax J0 (sx )dx = e −ax
X
derivatives (I) dx
Application of 0 0 r =0
r ! Γ(r + 1) 2
hankel
Transform:
∞
X (−1) s 2r
r Z ∞
Solution of = e −ax x 2r dx
Differential Eq.
r =0
(r !)2 22r 0
∞ 2r
(−1)r s 2r
Z ∞
X dX

−X
X
= e
r =0
(r !)2 4r 0 a a
[putting ax = X ]
 Solution contd.

Mathematical
Methods
∞
(−1)r s 2r
(MA-203) Z ∞ Z ∞
−ax 1
e −X X 2r dX
X
Prof. S. e J0 (sx )dx =
Mukhopadhyay 0 r =0
(r !)2 4r a2r +1 0
∞
Hankel
X (−1)r s 2r Γ(2r + 1)
transform =
Examples r =0
(r !)2 4r a2r +1
∞
Hankel X 2r ! s 2r
tranform of = (−1)r
derivatives
r =0
(r !)2 4r a2r +1
Application of
∞
hankel X 2r r !{1.3.5 · · · (2r − 1)} s 2r
Transform: = (−1)r
Solution of
Differential Eq. r =0
(r !)2 4r a2r +1
∞  2r
1 X (−1)r {1.3.5 · · · (2r − 1)} s
=
a r =0
2r r ! a
" #
1 1 s 2 1.3 s 4
   
= 1− + − ...
a 2 a 4.2! a
 Solution contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

   
Hankel 1 1
transform
Z ∞
1 1
 2
s 2 2+ 1  s 4
Examples
e −ax J0 (sx )dx = 1 − + − . . .
0 a 2 a 2! a
Hankel
tranform of !− 1
derivatives 1 s2 2

Application of = 1+ 2
hankel a a
Transform:
Solution of 1
Differential Eq. =√
a2 + s 2
 Solution contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)
∞ 2r +1
(−1)r
Z ∞ Z ∞
sx

−ax −ax
X
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
(II) e J1 (sx )dx = e dx
0 0 r =0
r ! Γ(r + 2) 2
∞
(−1)r s 2r +1
Hankel Z ∞
e −ax x 2r +1 dx
transform
X
=
Examples
r =0
r !(r + 1)!22r +1 0
Hankel ∞
(−1)r s 2r +1
Z ∞
tranform of dX
e −X X 2r +1
X
derivatives = 2r +1
Application of r =0 r !(r + 1)! (2a) 0 a
hankel
Transform: [putax = X , adx = dX ]
Solution of
∞  2r +1
Differential Eq.
1X (−1)r s
= Γ (2r + 2)
a r =0 r !(r + 1)! 2a
∞  2r +1
1X (−1)r (2r + 1)! 1 s
=
a r =0 r !(r + 1)! 22r +1 a
 Solution contd.

Mathematical
Methods
∞
(−1)r [(2r + 1)(2r ) . . . .2.1] s 2r +1
(MA-203) Z ∞
1X
 
−ax
Prof. S. e J1 (sx )dx =
Mukhopadhyay 0 a r =0 r !(r + 1)!22r +1 a
∞
1X (−1)r [(2r + 1) . . . 5.3.1] 2r r ! s 2r +1
 
Hankel
transform =
Examples
a r =0 r !(r + 1)!22r +1 a
∞
1X (−1)r [1.3.5 . . . (2r + 1)] s 2r +1
 
Hankel
tranform of =
derivatives a r =0 (r + 1)!2r +1 a
Application of "    3  5 #
hankel 1 1 s 1.3 s 1.3.5 s
Transform:
Solution of
= − + − ...
Differential Eq.
a 2 a 4.2! a 8.3! a
  
1 1
1 1
 2
s 2 2+ 1  s 4
=  −
s 2 a 2! a
   
1 1 1
2 2 +1 2 + 2  s 6
− − . . .
 Solution contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.   
Mukhopadhyay

1 1
Z ∞
1   2
1 s 2 2 + 1  4
s
−ax
Hankel e J1 (sx )dx = 1− 1−
 +
transform 0 s  2 a 2! a
Examples    
1 1 1
2 2 +1 2 +2
 6
Hankel s 
tranform of − − . . .
derivatives 3! a 

Application of
hankel
 !− 1 
Transform: 1 s2 2
Solution of = 1 − 1 + 2 
Differential Eq. s a
1 a
= − √ ,
s s s + a2
2
 Problem 2.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel Problem 2.
transform

Examples
Find H [f (x ), n = 0] , where
Hankel
tranform of
derivatives
f (x ) =1 − x 2 , 0 < x < 1
Application of
hankel
Transform:
=0, x > 1
Solution of
Differential Eq.
 Solution of Problem 2

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay Solution.
Hankel
Z ∞
transform H [f (x ), n = 0] = f (x )xJ0 (sx )dx
Examples 0
Z 1 
Hankel
tranform of = 1 − x 2 xJ0 (sx )dx
derivatives 0
Z 1 Z 1
Application of
hankel
Transform:
= xJ0 (sx )dx − x 3 J0 (sx )dx
Solution of
0 0
Differential Eq. =I1 − I2
 Solution of Problem 2 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S. Using the recurrence relation of Bessel function, we get

Mukhopadhyay

Hankel
transform d n
Examples
[x Jn (x )] =x n Jn−1 (x )
dx
Hankel
tranform of
derivatives
Replacing x by sx , we get
Application of
hankel d
Transform: [s n x n Jn (sx )] =s n x n Jn−1 (sx )
Solution of sdx
Differential Eq.
1 d n
or, [x Jn (sx )] =x n Jn−1 (sx )
s dx
 Solution of Problem 2 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203) Z 1
Prof. S. ∴ I1 = xJ0 (sx )dx
Mukhopadhyay
0
Z 1
Hankel
1 d
transform = [J1 (sx )] dx
0 s dx
Examples
1 1
Hankel = [xJ1 (sx )]10 = J1 (s)
tranform of s s
derivatives

Application of
hankel Z 1
Transform:
Solution of I2 = x 3 J0 (sx )dx
Differential Eq. 0
Z 1
1 d
= x2 [xJ1 (sx )] dx
0 s dx
Z 1
1 h 3
 i1 
2
= x J1 (sx ) − 2 x J1 (sx )dx
s 0 0
 Solution of problem 2 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

1
 Z 1 1 d h
  i 
x 2 J2 (sx ) dx
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay I2 = J1 (s) − 2
s 0 s dx
1 2 2
 i1 
Hankel
h
transform = J1 (s) − x J2 (sx )
Examples
s s 0
1 2
 
Hankel
tranform of
= J1 (s) − J2 (s)
derivatives s s
Application of
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq. H [f (x ), n = 0] =I1 − I2
1 1 2
= J1 (s) − J1 (s) + J2 (s)
s s s
2
= J2 (s).
s
 Theorem 1

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel Theorem 1.
transform

Examples

Hankel
tranform of
derivatives
If f¯(s) =H [f (x )] , then
h 0
i s h i
Application of
hankel
H f (x ) = − (n + 1)f¯n−1 (s) − (n − 1)f¯n+1 (s)
Transform:
2n
Solution of
Differential Eq.
 Proof

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S. Proof.
Mukhopadhyay
Z ∞
Hankel f¯(s) = H [f (x )] = f (x )xJn (sx )dx
transform 0
Z ∞
0 0
Examples
h i
Hankel
Now H f (x ) = f (x )xJn (sx )dx
tranform of
0
Z ∞
derivatives d
Application of
= [f (x )xJn (sx )dx ]∞
0 − f (x ) [xJn (sx )] dx
hankel 0 dx
Transform:
Z ∞
0
h i
Solution of
Differential Eq.
=0 − f (x ) Jn (sx ) + sxJn (sx ) dx
0
[considering xf (x ) → 0 as x → 0 and x → ∞]
 Proof contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Now using the recurrence relation
Mukhopadhyay 0
xJn (x ) = − nJn (x ) + xJn−1 (x )
Hankel 0
transform or, sxJn (sx ) = − nJn (sx ) + sxJn−1 (sx )
0
Examples
or, Jn (sx ) + sxJn (sx ) = (1 − n) Jn (sx ) + sxJn−1 (sx ),
Hankel
tranform of
derivatives we get
Application of
hankel Z ∞
0
h i
Transform:
Solution of H f (x ) = − f (x ) [(1 − n) Jn (sx ) + sxJn−1 (sx )] dx
Differential Eq. 0
Z ∞
= − (1 − n) f (x )Jn (sx )dx − s f¯n−1 (s)
0
 Proof contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203) Again from the recurrence relation
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
2nJn (x ) =x [Jn−1 (x ) + Jn+1 (x )]
Hankel
transform or, 2nJn (sx ) =sx [Jn−1 (sx ) + Jn+1 (sx )]
Examples
or, 2nJn (sx )f (x ) =sx [Jn−1 (sx ) + Jn+1 (sx )] f (x )
Hankel Z ∞ Z ∞
tranform of
derivatives or, 2n Jn (sx )f (x )dx =s xJn−1 (sx )f (x )dx
0 0
Application of Z ∞
hankel
Transform: +s xJn+1 (sx )f (x )dx
Solution of 0
Differential Eq. h i
=s f¯n−1 (s) + f¯n+1 (s)
Z ∞
s h¯ i
Jn (sx )f (x )dx = fn−1 (s) + f¯n+1 (s)
0 2n
 Proof contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
h 0 i s h¯ i
Hankel ∴ H f (x ) = − (1 − n) fn−1 (s) + f¯n+1 (s) − s f¯n−1 (s)
transform 2n
Examples s h
=− (1 − n) f¯n−1 (s) + (1 − n) f¯n+1 (s)
Hankel 2n
tranform of i
derivatives
+2ns f¯n−1 (s)
Application of
s h i
(1 + n) f¯n−1 (s) + (1 − n) f¯n+1 (s)
hankel
Transform: =−
Solution of 2n h
Differential Eq. s i
=− (n + 1) f¯n−1 (s) − (n − 1) f¯n+1 (s)
2n
 Theorem 2

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel Theorem 2
transform
If f¯(s) = H [f (x )] and ḡ(s) = H [g(x )] , then show that
Examples

Hankel
tranform of Z ∞ Z ∞
derivatives

Application of
xf (x )g(x )dx = s f¯(s)ḡ(s)ds
hankel
0 0
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq.
[The above theorem is known as parseval’s theorem]
 Proof

Mathematical
Methods
Proof.
(MA-203) Z ∞
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
f¯(s) = H [f (x )] = f (x )xJn (sx )dx
0
Z ∞
Hankel
transform
ḡ(s) = H [g(x )] = g(x )xJn (sx )dx
0
Examples

Hankel
tranform of Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞ 
derivatives

Application of
s f¯(s)ḡ(s)ds = s f¯(s)ds g(x )xJn (sx )dx
0 0
hankel Z ∞ Z0 ∞ 
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq.
= xg(x )dx s f¯(s)Jn (sx )ds
Z0∞ 
0
h i
= xg(x )dx H −1 f¯(s)
Z0∞
= xf (x )g(x )dx .
0
 Problem 3

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay

Hankel
transform

Examples
Problem 3
Hankel
d 2f 1 df n2
tranform of Find the Hankel transform of dx 2
+ x dx − x2
f (x ).
derivatives

Application of
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq.
 Solution of Problem 3

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203) Solution.
Prof. S. h i Z ∞
”
Mukhopadhyay
H f (x ) = f ” (x )xJn (sx )dx
0
Hankel Z ∞
transform
h 0
i∞ d 0
= xJn (sx )f (x ) − [xJn (sx )] f (x )dx
Examples 0 0 dx
Z ∞
0 0
Hankel
h i
tranform of =0 − f (x ) Jn (sx ) + sxJn (sx ) dx
derivatives 0
0
h i
Application of
hankel considering xf (x ) → 0 as x → 0 and x → ∞
Transform: Z ∞ Z ∞
Solution of 0 0 0
Differential Eq. =− f (x )Jn (sx )dx − s f (x )xJn (sx )dx
0 0
0
" # Z ∞
f (x ) 0 0
=−H −s f (x )xJn (sx )dx
x 0
 Solution of Problem 3 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)
0
" # Z ∞
” f (x ) 0 0
Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
H f (x ) + =−s f (x )xJn (sx )dx
x 0
nh 0
i∞
Hankel
transform =−s xJn (sx )f (x )
0
Examples Z ∞
d h

0
i
Hankel − xJn (sx ) f (x )dx
tranform of 0 dx
derivatives Z ∞
d h 0
i
Application of =s xJn (sx ) f (x )dx
hankel
Transform:
0 dx
Solution of
Differential Eq.
[considering xf (x ) → 0 as x → 0 and x → ∞]

Now the Bessel equation is written as

d 2y dy  2 
x2 + x + x − n 2
y =0
dx 2 dx
 Solution of Problem 3 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)
d 2y dy x 2 − n2
Prof. S. x + + y =0
Mukhopadhyay dx 2 dx x!
d dy n2
 
Hankel or x + 1 − 2 xy =0
transform dx dx x
Examples

Hankel
Since Jn (x ) is a solution of y ,
tranform of !
derivatives d h 0 i n2
Application of xJn (x ) = − 1 − 2 xJn (x )
hankel dx x
Transform:
Solution of
Differential Eq.
Replacing x by sx , we get
!
d h 0 i n2
sxJn (sx ) = − 1 − 2 2 sxJn (sx )
sdx s x
d h 0 i n2
xJn (sx ) = Jn (sx ) − sxJn (sx )
dx sx
 Solution of Problem 3 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203) 0
" # " #
n2
Z ∞
” f (x )
Prof. S. H f (x ) + =s f (x ) Jn (sx ) − sxJn (sx ) dx
Mukhopadhyay x 0 sx
Z ∞
Hankel 2 f (x )
transform =n Jn (sx )dx
Examples
0 x
Z ∞
Hankel
tranform of
− s2 f (x )xJn (sx )dx
derivatives
0
Z ∞ f (x )
Application of
=n2 xJn (sx )dx − s 2 f¯(s)
hankel
Transform:
x2
0
Solution of
f (x )
 
Differential Eq.
=n2 H − s 2 f¯(s)
x2

0
" #
f (x ) f (x )
H f ” (x ) + − n2 2 = − s 2 f¯(s)
x x
 Problem 4

Mathematical
Methods Problem 4
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Show that the solution of the vibration of very large
Mukhopadhyay membrance
Hankel
transform

Examples ∂ 2 u 1 ∂u 1 ∂2u
+ = , r ≥ 0, t ≥ 0 is
Hankel ∂r 2 r ∂r c 2 ∂t 2
tranform of
derivatives

Application of Z ∞
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
u(r , t) = s f¯(s) cos(cst)J0 (sr )ds
Differential Eq. 0
Z ∞
1
+ ḡ(s) sin(cst)J0 (sr )ds,
c 0

where f¯(s) and ḡ(s) are zero order Hankel transforms of f (r )

and g(r ) respectively with u(r , 0) = f (r ), ∂u
∂t |t=0 = g(r ).
 Solution of Problem 4

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)
Solution: Taking the H.T of zero order on both sides of the
Prof. S.
given equation, we get
Z ∞" 2 #
Mukhopadhyay
∂ u 1 ∂u 1 ∞ ∂2u
Z
+ rJ0 (sr )dr = 2 rJ0 (sr )dr
Hankel 0 ∂r 2 r ∂r c 0 ∂t 2
transform

Examples 1 ∂2
−s 2 ū(s, t) = ū(s, t)
Hankel
tranform of
c 2 ∂t 2
derivatives [Proceeding as problem 3]
Application of
hankel ∂ 2 ū
Transform: + s 2 ū(s, t) =0
Solution of ∂r 2
Differential Eq. Z ∞
where ū(s, t) = H [u(r , t) : r → s] = u(r , t)rJ0 (sr )dr
0
ū(s, t) = A(s) cos(cst) + B(s) sin(cst)
 Solution of Problem 4 contd.

Mathematical
Methods Now u(r , 0) = f (r )⇒
(MA-203)
ū(s, 0) =H [u(r , 0)]
Prof. S. Z ∞
Mukhopadhyay
= u(r , 0)rJ0 (sr )dr
Hankel
transform
Z0∞
Examples
= f (r )rJ0 (sr )dr
0
Hankel
tranform of =H [f (r )] = f¯(s).
derivatives

Application of ∂u(r ,t)

∂t |t=0 = g(r ) ⇒
hankel
Transform: Z ∞
∂ū(s, 0) ∂u(r , t)

Solution of
Differential Eq. = rJ0 (sr )dr
∂t 0 ∂t t=0
Z ∞
= g(r )rJ0 (sr )dr
0
=H [g(r )] = ḡ(s).
 Solution of Problem 4 contd.

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
∴ A(s) = f¯(s)
Hankel csB(s) =ḡ(s)
transform
1
Examples
∴ ū(s, t) =f¯(s) cos(cst) + ḡ(s) sin(cst)
Hankel cs
tranform of
derivatives ∴ u(r , t) =H −1 [ū(s, t) : s → r ]
Z ∞
Application of
hankel = ū(s, t)sJ0 (sr )ds
Transform:
Solution of Z0∞
Differential Eq.
= s f¯(s) cos(cst)J0 (sr )ds
0
Z ∞
1
+ ḡ(s) sin(cst)J0 (sr )ds
c 0
 Problem 5

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
Problem 5
Hankel The magnetic potential V for a circular disc of radius ’a’ and
transform

Examples
strength ’w ’ magnetised parallel to its axis, satisfies Laplace
Hankel
equation is equal to 2πw on the disc itself and vanishes at
tranform of
derivatives
exterior points in the plane of the disc, show that at the point
Application of
(r , z),z > 0,
hankel
Transform: Z ∞
Solution of
Differential Eq. V (r , z) =2πwa e −sz J0 (rs)J1 (as)ds.
0
 Solution of Problem 5

Mathematical
Methods
(MA-203)

Prof. S.
Mukhopadhyay
Solution: Since V (r , z) satisfies Laplace equation,

Hankel ∂2V 1 ∂V ∂2V

transform + + =0, 0 < r < ∞
Examples
∂r 2 r ∂r ∂z 2
Hankel
tranform of
The given conditions are
derivatives

Application of V (r , 0) =2πw , 0 ≤ r ≤ a
hankel
Transform:
Solution of
V (r , 0) =0, r > a.
Differential Eq.

[Hints:You take Hankel transform of order zero on both

sides of the equation and proceed as Problem 4]