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Class Note 44

Class Note 44

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Ralph
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14 views2 pages

Class Note 44

Class Note 44

Uploaded by

Ralph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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concrete. MEP clearance shall be secured prior to cast concrete.

7. The reinforcement shall be installed as per approved reinforcement drawings.


8. The formworks and reinforcement shall be inspected and approved prior to concrete pouring.
9. During concrete placement, competent formwork supervisor shall be available to monitor and
validate stability of installation.
10. The surveyor shall monitor levels, verticality, and alignment of structure throughout the work.
11. Concrete casting shall only be terminated at every construction/expansion joint.
12. Concrete compaction shall be done using suitable compaction techniques approved by the
Engineer and ensure standby equipment are available at all times.
13. Curing shall be done using approved curing compound and in accordance with section V.7 of this
document.
14. Any defect in concrete shall be recorded including the severity of defect. Before repairing any
defect, the Engineer shall approve the repair procedure referring to suggestions made in section
V.11.

V.5.3.2 Construction Joint


1. All kind of construction joints must be as per approved shop drawings.
2. At construction joint location the surface of the completed concrete shall be prepared by
spraying, wire brushing or chipping so that it is free from all laitance, scum and loose material and
shows a slightly roughened texture and tips of the coarse aggregate exposed.
3. The position of construction joints shall be as shown on the Drawings. When concrete is placed in
vertical members, walls, columns and the like, the lifts of concrete shall finish level or, in sloping
members, at right angles to the axis of the members, and the joint lines shall match features of the
finished work, if possible, or be formed by grout checks. Kickers shall be constructed integrally with
the lift of concrete below.
4. Construction joints shall be prepared when the concrete is self‐supporting but still
sufficiently green, the formwork shall be removed, as necessary to expose the construction joint,
subject to the requirements of curing. The concrete surface shall be sprayed with a fine spray of
water or brushed with a stiff brush, just sufficiently to remove the outer mortar skin and expose the
larger aggregate without disturbing it. Alternatively where this preparation proves impracticable the
hardened surface skin and laitance shall be removed.
5. Approved Stop boards in vertical position are required to be provided at the end of each section
of work for single pour.
6. Where slabs, beams and walls incorporate construction joints, panels shall generally be
constructed consecutively. Where this is not possible, a gap not exceeding one metre shall be
formed between adjacent panels. This gap shall not be concreted until a minimum interval of 7 days
has expired since the casting of the most recent panel.
7. The size of bays for reinforced floors, walls and roofs shall be as shown on the drawings but in no
event shall they exceed 7.5 m in either direction or 6 m when unreinforced or with nominal
reinforcement. The spacing of construction joints shall comply with below requirements:
Maximum Area
Construction
(m²)

Slabs with major restraints at both ends 100

Slabs with major restraints at one end only 250


V.11.2.9 Non‐ structural cracks, e.g. shrinkage cracks or surface cracks equal or
greater than (>) 0.20mm, but (<) 0.5mm
Probable clause/s: High water‐cement ratio, insufficient vibration, inappropriate curing or nature of
concrete;
1. All the Non‐structural cracks which are greater than or equal (>) 0.20mm but less than or equal (<)
0.50 mm; injection will be carried out by approved material and after successful completion of
injection; all the packers will be removed and the surface will be finished by the approved material.
2. Summary of application/injection
a. Make V‐groove cut all identified cracks. Crack width less than 0.30mm shall not
be repaired.
b. Loose concrete shall be removed until the sound, dense concrete is exposed;
c. Wash the surface with clean water and thoroughly saturate the surface of the concrete
to provide a saturated surface dry condition.
d. After mixing, the mortar can be applied by hand or trowel to the prepared area. When the
mortar has begun to stiff, the surface can be levelled and smooth using screed bar and
finishing steel trowel.
e. Proper curing by means of wet Hessian cloth covered by polythene sheet for at least
2 days or used approved applicable curing materials (water pounding is not recommended).

V.11.2.10 Structural Cracks (cracks > 0.2 mm), Deep‐seated cracks (beyond rebar
zone) or through cracks larger than 0.2 mm
Probable cause/s: Impact from heavy objects, early stripping of Forms or Shoring, Disturbance while
at initial Setting;
1. All the Structural cracks (cracks more than 0.2mm width) which are beyond the re‐bar zone or
through cracks larger than 0.2mm width; injection will be carried out by approved material and after
successful completion of injection; all the packers will be removed and the surface will be finished by
the approved material
2. Summary of Application/Injection
a. Remove surface laitance and contaminants from a bond 50 mm wide centered on
the crack, using power wire brushing or high‐pressure air jetting, Identify the nature of
the crack and investigate the extent and magnitude of the crack by making a V groove cut 25
mm deep along the crack line. Remove surface dust & laitance by high‐pressure air jetting,
b. Surface cracks extending to bar reinforcement and excess of 0.2mm in width and 25mm in
depth shall be injected by a low viscosity resin. While no repair works are required for cracks
in the unreinforced concrete section provided that the structural integrity of the concrete is
not affected.
c. If crack depth is beyond 25mm, follow procedure outline below for injection
method treatment.
d. If packers are being used, drill holes along the center of crack to accept the packers. The
centers should be 1‐1.5 times the depth of the crack, but not more than 300 mm;
e. Using oil‐free compressed air to blow out along the length of crack to remove dust
and debris;
f. If flanged injection ports are used, approved material as the bonding agent. Apply mixed
approved material at the bottom of the flange along the perimeter. Ensure that the paste
will not block the port;

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