Chapter -2

Internet and Services

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.1

1. The first network before Internet that was exclusively used for military purposes called as:

A. Intranet B. Usenet C. Extranet D. ARPANet

2. Internet is a worldwide network of computer networks. (True/False)

3. ISP stands for -------------------------------

4. ISDN stands for International Subscriber Dialing Network (True/False)

ANSWER TO INTEXT QUESTIONS

1. D .ARPANet

2. True

3. Internet Service Provider

4. False

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.2

5. The Computer system that stores web pages, responsible for accepting request( s) from users and
server them with web pages is known as:

A. Web Server B. Web browser C. Client Server D. Database Server

6. Each page on the Internet has a unique address that identifies its location on the server called as:

A. IP address B. Host Address C. DNS D. URL

7. The domain issued for Commercial purpose:

A. .com B.Comm C.edu D. Net

ANSWER TO INTEXT QUESTIONS

5. A .Web Server

6. D .URL

7. A.com

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TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. What is Internet and how it works? Why Internet becomes so popular?

Ans: The Internet or simply the Net is a worldwide network of computer networks. It is an
interconnection of large and small networks around the globe.

Internet is very popular because it has so much of dense networks containing a huge variety of
information and have a system that you can access to that piece of information by your computer thus
connecting to that a web like networks. Below mention are some of the very important advantages of
Internet.

● Finding Information. Searching For Information on the Internet.

● Making Online Payments, Finance, and Banking. Payments, Finance, and Banking on the Internet.
● Communication. Communication on the Internet.
● Online Shopping. Online Shopping on the Internet.
● Entertainment.
● Playing Games.

2. Write down a brief history of Internet.

Ans: Internet began way back in 1969 when it was called Arpanet (Advanced Research Project Agency
Network) and was used exclusively for military purposes. It soon merged with non- government and
academic networks, which grew and eventually came to be called Internet in the year 1979. Today it is
simply a "network of worldwide computer networks".

In the present age of Information Technology, the Internet is a medium for accessing information on
any topic you imagine, for buying products and services on-Iine. It also provides tremendous
opportunities to students, researchers and professionals for getting information on matters related to
academic and professional topics and many more.

3. What are the prerequisites to connect to the Internet? Explain the different types of connections
available to get connect to Internet.

Ans: To connect to the Internet you need a personal computer, laptop, mobile phone etc. with requisite
software including a browser, a telephone connection or a leased line or wireless network, Internet
Service Provider (lSP) or modem.

Types of Internet Connections: The different types of Internet connect we use are as follows:

1. Dial-up: This is the most common and basic type of Internet connection available from ISPs
(Internet Service Providers). In Dial-up connection, you dial a phone number (provided by the
ISP) to get connected to a server at ISP. Once connected to the ISP server, you get to access
Internet. It means you are not directly connected to Internet; you access the Internet through an
ISP. This process is illustrated in fig below.

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 2.ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): In the ISDN process of connecting to server to access
Internet is almost same as Dial-up, but it offers connectivity through the use of digital phone
lines instead of standard line analog. It offers Internet connectivity at speeds ofup to 128 Kbps,
allows the user to receive or make calls simultaneously on the same line. ISDN comes through a
regular telephone wire from the telephone pole on your street. The line combines two 64 Kbps
channels to offer 128, " Kbps bandwidth broken into three bands: One band for the ringing
signal of your phone, one band for your telephone conversation, and one band for data.

3. Direct Internet Access (Leased Line Connection): Leased line is a "permanent connection" between a
computer system (singleCPU or LAN, and the Internet). It is generally used by larger institutions,
corporate and government agencies. It involves establishing your own Internet
Gateway (connection) and paying to have a direct full time line with the network. Your Computers, in
effect, become part of the Internet. The main advantage of this connection is that: it is on line - 24 hrs. a
day, seven days a week, (24x7) and provides faster access.

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3. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line or Dedicated Service Line) Broadband Connection DSL, is an "always-
on" and widely used data connections and can provide an excellent Internet connection. It
connects your home or office to the Internet through the same telephone wire that comes from
telephone pole on the street. Like ISDN, with DSL, user can make and receive telephone calls
while connected to the Internet. The difference between DSL and dial-up / ISDN is that a DSL
Internet connection uses a high-speed dedicated circuit filtering out standard phone calls and
Internet signals.

4. Cable Modem Broadband Connection

: A cable modem can offer connectivity to the Internet over cable lines and provides very fast and
reliable connections with a fixed monthly fee. Cable line offers an extremely high bandwidth
connection to the Internet. It divides the connection into lot of bands and translates the data in the
bands into signals that can be carried through cable lines. Cable moderns change these signals into
IP packets that your computer can understand. To use cable modern user will need a cable splitter, a
cable modem and the service from a cable company.

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5. Wireless Internet Connections: Instead of using cable networks (for your Internet connection,)
Wireless Internet connections uses radio frequency. If WIFI adaptor is located within a network

Coverage area then you can access Wireless Internet. Mobile Internet also works with radio waves.

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4. Explain how the Internet works?

Ans: Below are the steps that needs to be followed to use Internet.

1. Firstly, you’ll be required to connect your system or PC with any router or modem to establish a
connection. This connection is the base of the internet connection.
2. When you open the browser and start typing something like “www.google.com”, your system will
push a query command to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) that is connected with other servers
that store and process data.
3. Now, the web browser will start indexing the URL that you’ve entered and will fetch the details in
numeric format (in their own language to identify the address (unique) that you’re trying to reach.
4. Next is, now your browser will start sending the HTTP request where you’re trying to reach and
sends a copy of the website on the user’s system. Note: The server will send data in the form of
small packets (from the website to the browser)
5. Once all the data (of small packets) will be received at the user’s end (PC/Laptop), the browser will
start arranging all those small packets and later will form a collective file (here, the browser will
gather all the small packets and rearrange them just like a puzzle) and then you’ll be able to see the
contents of that website
Note: The action happens so quickly that we don’t even notice what’s actually going behind. Only, when
the connection is poor, you do face difficulty in reaching or loading any website or its content.

5. Explain the following terminologies used in Internet; WWW, Web page,

Website and URL, DNS.
Ans:
WWW: The World Wide Web ("WWW" or simply the "web") is a collection of
Electronic documents (called web pages) that are linked together like a spider web.
These documents are stored on computers called servers located around the world.

Web page: A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML
(Hypertext
Markup Language). Web pages can contain text, graphics, video, animation, and sound, as well as
Interactive features, such as data entry forms. Each page has a unique address known as a URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) that identifies its location on the server. Web pages usually contain
Hyperlinks to other web pages.

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Website: A website (often shortened to just site) is one or more web pages, belonging to
A particular company, university, Government or an individual. The first page is called the home page,
Which acts like an index, indicating the Content on the site. By default the home Page is named as
index.htm.From the home page, you can click Hyperlinks to access other web pages.

URL: URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Every page on the web has a unique address, called Uniform
Resource Locator, URL. A URL indicates where the web page is stored on the Internet. A sample URL
might
Look like the following:

DNS (Domain Name System): Domain name, a unique name of the individual host computer on the
Internet. Every computer on the Internet now have a both a domain name and IP address.
DNS, Domain name System Server is used to translate domain names into IP
Addresses.

6. What do you mean by a search engine? What are the two important search?
Engines available on the Internet? What are basic tips to use to get the
Best results while searching?
Ans: A search engine is a program designed to help in finding information stored
On a computer system such as the World Wide Web, or a personal computer.
The search engine allows one to ask for content meeting specific criteria (typically
Those containing a given word or phrase) and retrieving a list of references that
Match those criteria.

Some of the important search engines are:

Google (http://www.google.com),
Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com),
MSN Search (http://search.msn.com),
Ask Jeeves (http://www.askjeeves.com),
AltaVista (http://www.altavista.com).

Some simple tips you can use to get the best results:

Don't get stuck on one search term or phrase; if your first search does not
Give you the type of results you are looking for, try different words or different
Phrases.
• Putting quotation marks around a phrase in the search box requires all resulting
Pages to include that exact phrase to be located somewhere on the page.
• Keep in mind that most search engines work with AND as the default

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Operator; this means that any words you enter in the search box must exist on
The resulting pages (unless you put a hyphen before a word - see following
Tip)
• Including a hyphen before a word means that pages that include that word
Will be omitted from the search results. So if you search for: wise -geek, you
Will be given pages that include the word 'wise' but exclude the word 'geek'
• The order of the words you enter into the search box affects results, so try to
Enter the most important word first.
• Case is generally irrelevant for searches, so searching for wise geek or
Wise GEEK will provide identical results.
• You can enter math equations such as 27/3 and Google will provide the answer.
• You can enter a unit conversion such as 33 Celsius in Fahrenheit and Google
Will provide the answer.

7. Illustrate with the help of examples any three services provided by Internet.
Ans: The internet is an amazing resource that provides quick access to all sorts of Information. The
amount of information, however, is so vast that being able to find what you are looking for is a daunting
task. Search engines are the answer.

1. Search Engine: A search engine is a program designed to help in finding information stored on a
computer system such as the World Wide Web, or a personal computer. The search engine allows one
to ask for content meeting specific criteria (typically those containing a given word or phrase) and
retrieving a list of references that Match those criteria.

For example if you want to open nios.ac.in website you have to just type the word nios in the search
engine google will search and will recommend number of websites related to it.we can choose the right
one.

2. E-Mail (Electronic Mail): E-mail or electronic mail is paperless method of sending messages, notes or
Letters from one person to another or even many people at the same time via the Internet. E-mail is
very fast compared to the normal post. E-mail messages usually take only few seconds to arrive at their
destination. One can send messages anytime of the day or night and it will get delivered immediately.
You need not have to wait for the post office to open and you don't have to get worried about holidays.
It works 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The biggest advantage to using e-mail is that it is cheap,
especially when sending messages to other states or countries and at the same time, it can be delivered
To a number of people around the world.

For example if you want to send email to harshik we have to have a own email id and we can use the
option compose mail and type the email id of the Harshik and we can send mail to him.

3. Telnet: Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network LAN Connections. It is
typically used to provide user oriented command line login sessions between hosts on the Internet. The
name is derived from the words telephone Network, since the program is designed to emulate a single
terminal attached to the other computer.

4. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): File Transfer Protocol or FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging
files over any network that supports the TCP/IP. It gives access to directories or folders on remote

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computers and allows software, data and text files to be transferred between different kinds of
computers. FTP works on the basis of the same principle as that of Client-server. FTP client is a program
running on your computer that enables you to talk to and get stuff from remote computers. The FTP
client takes FTP commands and sends them as requests for information from the remote computer,
known as FTP servers. To access remote FTP server it is required but not necessary to have an account in
the FTP server. When the FTP client gets connected, FTP server asks for the identification in terms of
User Login name and password of the FTP client. If one does not have an account in the remote FTP
server, still he can connect to the server using anonymous login.

8. Write down the various features of e-mail.

Ans: E-Mail (Electronic Mail): E-mail or electronic mail is paperless method of sending messages, notes
or
Letters from one person to another or even many people at the same time via the Internet. E-mail is
very fast compared to the normal post. E-mail messages usually take only few seconds to arrive at their
destination. One can send messages anytime of the day or night and it will get delivered immediately.
You need not have to wait for the post office to open and you don't have to get worried about holidays.
It works 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The biggest advantage to using e-mail is that it is cheap,
especially when sending messages to other states or countries and at the same time, it can be delivered
To a number of people around the world.

Features of E-mail

 One-to-one or one-to-many communication: We can send and receive email to single

person or multiple person. We have the option to choose the members to send and receive
the mail.
 Instant communication. Communication between sender and receiver is fast and reliable
and
 Physical presence of recipient is not required: If we have only the right email id that is more
than enough we can send the email to the right person with full detail information no need
of his physical presence.
 Most inexpensive mail service, 24-hours a day and seven days a week: We can use email
form anywhere only if we have system and internet connection that is more than enough
and most of the email like Gmail or free no need to pay any price.
 Encourages informal communication: Informal communication can be easily made using
emails.
 Attachment: Ability to attach file(s) along with the message is one of the most useful
features of email. The attachment may be a word document, PowerPoint presentation,
audio/video files, or images
 Address book: Address book feature of a mail program allows the users to store
information about the people whom they communicate regularly by sending emails.
 MIME Types: MIME is acronym of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. MIME compliant
mailer allows us to send files other than simple text i.e. It allows us to send audio, video,
images, document, and pdf files as an attachment to an email.

9. Explain IP address. Explain how IPV6 is different from IPV4.

Ans: The IP address is a unique address, generally written in the format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, xxx represents a
3 digit number that varies between 0 and 255. For Example: 192.100.8.56.

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There are currently two version of Internet Protocol (IP). IP version4 (IPV4) and a new version called IP
version 6 (IPv6). Pv4 and IPv6 are both addresses that are used to identify machines connected to a
network. They are the same in principle but different in how they work. What are their differences?
Below are the main differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
Difference IPV4 IPV6
Addressing Method A numeric address, and its An alphanumeric address whose
binary bits are separated by a binary bits are separated by a
dot (.) colon (:). It also contains
hexadecimal.
Address Types Unicast, broadcast, and Unicast, multicast, and any cast.
multicast.
Address Mask Use for the designated network Not used.
from host portion.
Number of Header Fields 12 8
Number of Classes Class A to E. Unlimited number of IP
addresses.
VLSM Support Not Support
Fragmentation Done by sending and Done by the sender.
forwarding routes.
Routing Information Protocol Supported by the routed RIP does not support IPv6. It
daemon. uses static routes.
Network Configuration Manually or with DHCP. Auto configuration.
Mobility & Interoperability Relatively constrained network Pv6 provides interoperability
topologies to which move and mobility capabilities that
restrict mobility and are embedded in network
interoperability capabilities. devices.
Quality of Service (QoS) QoS allows you to request Currently, the IBM i
packet priority and bandwidth implementation of QoS does
for TCP/IP applications. not support IPv6.
Mapping Uses ARP (Address Resolution Uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery
Protocol) to map to MAC Protocol) to map to MAC
address. address.

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