Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

What is inequalities
 In mathematics, an inequality is a relation that holds between two values when they are
different
 Solving linear inequalities is very similar to solving linear equations, except for one small but
important detail: you flip the inequality sign whenever you multiply or divide the inequality by
a negative

Symbols used in inequalities

 The symbol < means less than. The symbol > means greater than.
 The symbol < with a bar underneath means less than or equal to. Usually this is written as ≤
 The symbol > with a bar underneath means greater than or equal to. Usually this is written
as ≥
 The symbol ≠ means the quatities on left and right side are not equal

Examples

 a < b means a is less then b or b is greater a

 a≤b means a is less then or equal to b
 a > b means a is greater than b
 a≥b means a is greater or equal to b

Things are which are safe to do in inequality which

does not change in direction
 addition of same number on both sides
a>b
=> a+c>b+c
 Substraction of same number on both sides
a>b
=>a−c>b−c
 Multipication/Division by same positive number on both sides
a>b
if c is positive number then
ac>bc
or
ac>bc

Things which changes the direction of the inequality

 swapping the left and right sides
 Multiplication/Division by negative number on both sides
 Dont multiple by variable whose values you dont know as you dont know the nature of the
variable
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

Concept Of Number line

 A number line is a horizontal line that has points which correspond to numbers. The points
are spaced according to the value of the number they correspond to; in a number line
containing only whole numbers or integers, the points are equally spaced.

 It is very useful in solving problem related to inequalities and also representing it

Suppose x >2(1/ 3), this can represent this on number line like that

Linear Inequation in One Variable

A equation of the form
ax+b>0
or
ax+b≥0
or
ax+b<0
or
ax+b≤0
are called the linear equation in One Variable
Example:

 x−2<0x−2<0
 3x+10>03x+10>0
 10x−17≥010x−17≥0

Linear Inequation in Two Variable

A equation of the form
ax+by>c
or
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

ax+by≥c
or
ax+by<c
or
ax+by≤c
are called the linear equation in two Variable
Example:

 x−2y<0x−2y<0
 3x+10y>03x+10y>0
 10x−17y≥010x−17y≥0

How to solve the linear inequalities in one variable

Steps to solve the Linear inequalities in one variable.
 Obtain the linear inequation
 Pull all the terms having variable on one side and all the constant term on another side of the
inequation
 Simplify the equation in the form given above
ax>b
or
ax≥b
or
ax<b
or ax≤b
Divide the coefficent of the variable on the both side.If the coefficent is positive,direction of
the inequality does not changes,but if it is negative, direction of the inequation changed
 Put the result of this equation on number line and get the solution set in interval form
Example:
x−2>2x+15
Solution
x−2>2x+15
Subtract x from both the side x−2−x>2x+15−x
−2>x+15
Subtract 15 from both the sides −17>x
Solution set
(−∞,−17)

Some Problems to practice

 2x>92x>9
 x+5>111x+5>111
 3x<43x<4
 2(x+3)<x+12(x+3)<x+1

Steps to solve the linear inequality of the fraction form

 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

[(ax+b)/(cx+d)]>k or similar type

 Take k on the LHS

 Simplify LHS to obtain the inequation in the form
[(px+q)/(ex+f)]>0
Make the coefficent positive if not
 Find out the end points solving the equatoon px+q=0 and ex+f=0
 Plot these numbers on the Number line. This divide the number into three segment
 Start from LHS side of the number and Substitute some value in the equation in all the three
segments to find out which segments satisfy the equation
 Write down the solution set in interval form
Or there is more method to solves these

 Take k on the LHS

 Simplify LHS to obtain the inequation in the form
[(px+q)/(ex+f)]>0
Make the coefficent positive if not
 For the equation to satisfy both the numerator and denominator must have the same sign
 So taking both the part +, find out the variable x interval
 So taking both the part -, find out the variable x interval
 Write down the solution set in interval form
Lets take one example to clarify the points

1Question.
X−3x+5>0
Solution
Method A

1. Lets find the end points of the equation

Here it is clearly
x=3 and x=-5
2. Now plots them on the Number line
3. Now lets start from left part of the most left number
i.e
Case 1
x<−5 ,Let takes x=-6 then −6−3−6+5>0
3>0
So it is good
Case 2
Now take x=-5
as x+5 becomes zero and we cannot have zero in denominator,it is not the solution
Case 3
Now x > -5 and x < 3, lets take x=1 then 1−31+5>0
−16>0
Which is not true
Case 4
Now take x =3,then
0> 0 ,So this is also not true
case 5
x> 3 ,Lets x=4
4−34+5>0
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

19>0
So this is good
4. So the solution is
x < -5 or x > 3
or
(−∞,−5)∪(3,∞)
Method B

1. the numerator and denominator must have the same sign. Therefore, either
1) x−3>0 and x+5>0,or 2) x - 3 < 0 and x + 5 < 0$
2. Now, 1) implies x > 3 and x > -5.
Which numbers are these that are both greater than 3 and greater than -5?
Clearly, any number greater than 3 will also be greater than -5. Therefore, 1) has the solution
x > 3.
3. Next, 2) implies
x < 3 and x < -5.
Which numbers are these that are both less than 3 and less than -5?
Clearly, any number less than -5 will also be less than 3. Therefore, 2) has the solution
x < -5.
4. The solution, therefore, is
x < -5 or x > 3
Quadratic And Cubic inequalities:
Quadratic Inequation
We have learned by Quadratic equation is previous chapter
so for a ≠≠ 0
ax2+bx+c>0
or
ax2+bx+c<0
or
ax2+bx+c≥0
or
ax2+bx+c≤0
are called Quadratic Inequation in one Variable

Steps to solve Quadratic or polynomial inequalities

ax2+bx+c>0
or
ax2+bx+c<0
or
ax2+bx+c≥0r
ax2+bx+c≤0

1. Obtain the Quadratic inequation

 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

2. Pull all the terms having on one side and Simplify the equation in the form given above
3. Find the roots(0 points) of the Quadratic equation using any of the method and write in this
form
(x−a)(x−b)
4. Plot these roots on the number line .This divide the number into three segment
5. Start from LHS side of the number and Substitute some value in the equation in all the three
segments to find out which segments satisfy the equation
6. Write down the solution set in interval form

Solved Example

Question 1
x2−5x+6>0
Solution
1) Simpify or factorize the inequality which means factorizing the equation in case of quadratic
equalities
Which can be simpified as
x2−5x+6>0
x2−2x−3x+6>0
(x−2)(x−3)>0
2) Now plot those points on Number line clearly
3) Now start from left of most left point on the Number line and look out the if inequalities looks good
or not. Check for greater ,less than and equalities at all the end points
So in above case of
x2−5x+6>0
We have two ends points 2 ,3
Case 1
So for x<2 ,Let take x=1,then (1−2)(1−3)>0
2>0
So it is good
So This inequalties is good for x < 2
Case 2
Now for x =2,it makes it zero,so not true. Now takes the case of 2<x<3. Lets takes 2.5
(2.5−2)(2.5−3)>0
−.25>0
Which is not true so this solution is not good
Case 3
Now lets take the right most part i.e x>3
Lets take x=4
(4−2)(4−3)>0
2>0
So it is good.
Now the solution can either be represented on number line or we can say like this
(−∞,2)∪(3,∞)

Practice Questions
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

 x2−7x+10>0
 x2−2x−15<0
 x2+2x+1>0
 x2−13x+36>0
 x2−8x+7<0
 x2−12x+20≥0

Cubic Inequation
We have learned by cubic polynomials previously
so for a ≠0
ax3+bx2+cx+d>0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d<0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d≥0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d≤0
are called Cubic Inequation in one Variable

Steps to solve Cubic inequalities

ax3+bx2+cx+d>0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d<0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d≥0
or
ax3+bx2+cx+d≤0

1. Obtain the cubic inequation

2. Pull all the terms having on one side and Simplify the equation in the form given above
3. Find the roots(0 points) of the cubic equation using any of the method and write in this form
(x−a)(x−b)(x−c)
4. Plot these roots on the number line .This divide the number into Four segment
5. Start from LHS side of the number and Substitute some value in the equation in all the three
segments to find out which segments satisfy the equation
6. Write down the solution set in interval form

Practice Questions with hints

 x3−17x2+86x−112>0
Hint
Roots are x=2,x=7,x=8
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

 x3−14x2+64x−96<0
Hint
Roots are x=4,x=6
 x3−12x2+29x−18>0
Hint
Roots are x=1,x=2,x=9
 x3−13x2+32x−20>0
Hint
Roots are x=1,x=2,x=10

 x3−17x2+76x−60<0
Hint
Roots are x=1,x=6,x=10
 x3−27x2+242x−720>0
Hint
roots are x=8,x=9,x=10

Steps to solve the pair of Linear inequation or

quadratic inequation
 Solving them is same as steps given above to solve the linear inequation and quadratic
inequation
 Solve both the inequation in the pair
 Look for the intersection of the solution and give the solution in interval set

Some Important points to note for inequalities

 We cannot have zero in denominator
 We should be checking for equalities at all the end points
Graphical Solution of Linear inequalities in Two
Variable:
Graphing Linear inequalities in Two Variable.
A linear equation in two variable is of the form
ax+by+c=0
We have already studied in Coordinate geometry that this can be represented by a straight line in x-
y plane. All the points on the straight line are the solutions of this linear equation.
we can similarly find the solution set graphically for the linear inequalities in the below form
ax+by+c<0
ax+by+c>0
ax+by+c≥0
ax+by+c≤0
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

How to find the solution graphicaly for Linear

inequalities in Two Variable.
1. Draw the graph of the equation obtained for the given inequality by replacing the inequality
sign with an equal sign.
ax+by+c=0

o This can be done easily by Point on the x-axis( x,0) and point on the y axis ( 0,y)
o Point on x-axis given by ax+b(0)+c=0 or x=−c/a or (−c/a,0)
o Point on y-axis given by a(0)+by+c=0 or y=−c/b or (0,−c/b)
o Locate these point on cartesian plane and join them to find the line
2. Use a dashed or dotted line if the problem involves a strict inequality, < or >.
3. Otherwise, use a solid line to indicate that the line itself constitutes part of the solution.
4. Pick a point lying in one of the half-planes determined by the line sketched in step 1 and
substitute the values of x and y into the given inequality.
Use the origin whenever possible.
5. If the inequality is satisfied, the graph of the inequality includes the half-plane containing the
test point.
Otherwise, the solution includes the half-plane not containing the test point
Example
Determine the solution set for the inequality
x+y>1
Solution
1) Draw the graph of the equation obtained for the given inequality by replacing the inequality sign
with an equal sign.
i.e x+y=1

2) Pick the test point as origin (0,0), and put into the inequality
0+0>1
0>1
Which is false
So the solution set is other half plane of the line
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

How to find the solution graphicaly for pair of Linear

inequalities in Two Variable.
ax+by+c<0
px+qy+c<0
The solution set of a system of linear inequalities in two variables x and y is the set of all points (x, y)
that satisfy each inequality of the system.
Step

1. Find the graphical solution for each inequality independently using the technique described
above
2. Now determine the region in common with each solution set
Example
Find the solution of the below system of inequalities
2x+3y>1
x+2y>2
x>1
Solution
1) for 2x+3y>1, Solving using the above method solution is
 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

2)for x+2y>2, Solving using the above method solution is

 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

3) for x>1, Solving using the above method solution is

 Inequalities : Amar sir Math Easy 9439616714

4) Now we draw these on the single graph and can determine the common region