Unit-3 Robotics

1. Introduction to Robotics
Robot
 A robot is a machine which is programmed to move and perform certain
tasks automatically.
 A robot is a automated machine that can execute specific tasks with little
or no human intervention and with speed and precision
 A robot is a machine which is programmed to carry out a complex
actions automatically
 A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to
move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks
 Robot is a mechanical device that performs human tasks, either
automatically or by remote control
Robotics
 Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves design, construction,
operation and use of robots
 Robotics is a branch of engineering that deals with the design,
construction, use to control robots, sensory feedback and information
processing
 Robotics is a branch of engineering that deals with the study and
application of robot technology

Types of Robots
 Based on their application, robots are classified into 7 types:
1. Industrial Robots
2. Domestic Robots
3. Surgical Robots
4. Robonauts
5. Commercial Entertainment Robots
6. Army Robots
7. Service Robots
1. Industrial Robots
 These are the robots that are generally used in the industrial environment
for various purposes such as lifting very heavy components or moving
parts from one place to another etc.
 Sometimes these are used to perform some repetitive actions like fitting
screws or doing durability checks or used to assemble components
2. Domestic Robots
 These kinds of robots are used at the home
 These are basically used for cleaning, moping or as a vacuum cleaner
 Some surveillance robots are used in households to increase security
3. Surgical Robots
 These kinds of robots are used for performing surgeries that can be
controlled by doctors remotely
 These robots generally consist of multiple cameras using which doctors
can get a 3d view of the region where the operation is taking place and
then can operate accordingly
4. Robonauts
 These are the robots that are used in various space programs
 These robots are multipurpose and these can be both humanoid and non-
humanoid robots
 These robots have been sent to space by NASA in recent times to perform
multiple actions like collecting the sample, exploring rough surfaces and
analyze, taking pictures and sending them back to earth
5. Commercial Entertainment Robots
 This type is generally used for entertainment purposes
 These type of robots are meant to act as a companion and can perform
basic tasks like greeting, dancing, walking
6. Army Robots
 Robots that are used in defense for bomb disposal, border surveillance
 Drones to capture images and drop tactical weapons, etc.
7. Service Robots
 These are the robots that are used in University or R&D teams to
implement new features and show them off to the public
 These robots are used for research purposes only
Applications of robots
1. Security
2. Space Exploration
3. Entertainment
4. Agriculture
5. Health Care
6. Underwater Exploration
7. Food Preparation
8. Manufacturing
9. Military
10. Customer Service
1. Security
 Home security robots are used to protect homes from burglary, watch
over pets, and secure the house while the family is away
 Most camera robots come equipped with night vision, remote monitoring,
and motion activation
2. Space Exploration
 These robots have been sent to space by NASA in recent times to perform
multiple actions like collecting the sample, exploring rough surfaces and
analyze, taking pictures and sending them back to earth
3. Entertainment
 Robots are used in the entertainment industry
 They can be used behind the sets in movies and serials to manage the
camera, provide special effects, etc
 Robots can also be used to do stunt work that is very dangerous for
humans but looks pretty cool in an action movie
4. Health Care
 Robots have changed healthcare a lot
 Robots are used for performing surgeries that can be controlled by
doctors remotely
 Robots consist of multiple cameras using which doctors can get a 3d view
of the region where the operation is taking place and then can operate
accordingly
5. Military
 Robots that are used in military for bomb disposal, border surveillance
 Drones to capture images and drop tactical weapons, etc.
 They can be used as armed systems to attack the opposing forces
6. Manufacturing
 Robots are used to perform some repetitive tasks in the manufacturing
industry like welding, assembly, packing, fitting screws or doing
durability checks or used to assemble components
7. Customer Service
 There are robots that are developed to look exactly like humans
 These robots are used in the field of customer service
 A humanoid robot in Singapore that can recognize people from previous
visits, make eye contact, shake hands, continue chatting based on
previous meetings, etc
 Another customer service robot in Japan, a humanoid robot working at
the tourist information centre & shopping centre
8. Agriculture
 Robots are used in agriculture sector
 Robots are used for harvesting the crops which allow farmers to be more
efficient
 An example of a robot that is used to remove weeds in farms is the
Ecorobotix
 It is powered by solar energy and can be used to target and spray at weeds
using a complex camera system
9. Underwater Exploration
 Specially designed remote-controlled robots are for exploring deep ocean
to collect data and images about the aquatic plant and animal life
10. Food Preparation
 Robots can cook and create complete meals for you
 These robot chefs can create food using hundreds of different recipes
 Humans need to do is choose the recipe they want and provide the robot
with pre-packaged containers of all the ingredients that are needed for
that recipe
 The robot can then cook the food on its own
 Moley Robotics is the robotics company that has created a robotic kitchen
with a robot that can cook like a master chef
Difference in Robot System and Other AI Program
Robot Artificial Intelligence (AI)
1.Robot is a mechanical device that 1.Artificial Intelligence is a computer
can be designed to execute specific program that makes a robot to act and
tasks automatically with speed and think like a human
precision
2. It is hardware-based 2. It is software-based
3.It is related to the branch of 3.It is related to the branch of computer
Robotics science that deals with programming
4. It is a mechanical device 4.It is a computer-based program
5. It mainly focuses on the physical 5. It mainly focuses on analyzing
world information & performing computation
6. Robots do possess a body made up 6. Artificial Intelligence itself does not
of different parts possess any mechanical body parts
7. It works on a certain limited set of 7 AI is designed to have a system brain
instructions on its own
8.Robots are autonomous or semi- 8.AI is human intelligence that
autonomous machines that use complements human mind to enhance
computer systems for their control its ability to perform tasks
and information processing
9.Robots used in assembly and 9.Applications that use AI are Netfix,
packing, space and earth exploration, Google’s DeepMind to Apple’s Siri,
medical surgical applications, Spotify & games such as Tic-Tac-Toe,
laboratory research, weaponry, and so etc.
on
10. Robot is all about the body 10. AI is all about the brain
11. Robot is the tissues that comprise 11. AI is the thought processes inside
your finger your brain
12. Robot need to have a body to 12. AI exists inside systems, i.e. in
perform physical tasks software
Components of a Robot

 Several components constructs a robot, these components are as follows:

1. Actuators
 These are the devices that are responsible for moving and controlling a
system or machine
 It helps to achieve physical movements by converting energy like
electrical, hydraulic and air, etc
 Actuators can create linear as well as rotary motion
2. Power Supply
 It is an electrical device that supplies electrical power to an electrical load
 The basic function of the power supply is to convert electrical current to
power the load
3. Electric Motors
 These are the devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy and are required for the rotational motion of the machines
4. Pneumatic Air Muscles
 Air Muscles are soft pneumatic devices that are ideally best fitted for
robotics
 They can contract and extend and operate by pressurized air filling a
pneumatic bladder
5. Muscles wire
 These are made up of nickel-titanium alloy and they are very thin in
shape
 It can also extend and contract when a specific amount of heat and
electric current is supplied into it
 Also, it can be formed and bent into different shapes
6. Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors
 Piezoelectric motors are the electrical devices that receive an electric
signal and apply a directional force to an opposing ceramic plate
 It helps a robot to move in the desired direction
7. Sensor
 Sensors are the devices or machines which help to detect the events or
changes in the environment and send data to the computer processor
 They provide the ability like see, hear, touch and movement like humans