A.

Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 1
Introduction to
Topi cs In Addi ct i on

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 2
 TOPICS IN ADDICTION

Course Title: Topics in Addiction

Code: HESC001
Hours: Lec – 2 Hrs. Lab –0 Hrs. Cr. Hr. – 2.
Faculty offering the course: Faculty of Health Sciences

Course Description
Addiction is a medical, psychosocial, and economic issue that affects the
human population of every nation on earth. It severely disrupts bodily functions,
ruins families and destroys societies. This course will introduce basic aspects of
addiction and identify their toxic effects on the human body.

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 3
 TOPICS IN ADDICTION

In this course, students will explore how addiction develops, looking at the
environmental, genetic and personal risks involved. They will also understand what
happens when a drug enters the body and how it affects the brain, and how this process
can make recovering from addiction a challenge. Substances like alcohol, cocaine, nicotine,
sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, hallucinogens, opiates, and other substances causing health
problems in our culture are identified and discussed. Emphasis on symptoms of use and
abuse, and the treatment approaches for drug abuse and addiction.

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 4
 COURSE AIM

This course is designed to provide students with basic and fundamental

knowledge about the most commonly abused substances in our society.

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 5
 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE COURSE
(ILOS)

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

K. Knowledge and Understanding

K.1- Define the addictive process and the risk factors associated with addiction
K.2- Describe the physical, psychological, social and emotional characteristics of addiction
K.3- Identify addiction, tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
K.4- Describe the workings of neurons and neurotransmitters associated with addiction
K.5- Identify which drugs are considered to be stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens or sports drugs
K.6- Describe treatment processes for addiction

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 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOS)

I. Intellectual Skills
I.1- Examine the way the addictive substance affects the brain functions
I.2- Distinguish between dependence, tolerance and addiction.
I.3- Differentiate between types of addiction
I.4- Differentiate between the different methods of drug delivery
I.5- Develop an understanding of the five drug schedules
I.6- Correlate the different substances of abuse with their pharmacological actions.
I.7- Explain the withdrawal symptoms associated with addiction
I.8- Determine the short term and long term effects of each addictive substance
I.9- Explain the different treatment approaches

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 7
 COURSE OUTLINE

Week number 1: Introduction to T I A Week number 8: Opiate Abuse

Week number 2: Introduction to the Brain Week number 9: Cannabis Abuse
Week number 3: Addiction Week number 10: Captagon Abuse
Week number 4: Substance Abuse Week number 11: Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Week number 5: Alcohol Abuse Week number 12: Hallucinogens (LCD )
Week number 6: Nicotine Addiction Week number 13: Methamphetamine (Meth)
Week number 7: Cocaine Abuse Abuse and Addiction
Week number 14: MDMA (Ecstasy) Abuse
Week number 15: Final Exam

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 8
 STUDENT ASSESSMENT METHODS, SCHEDULE AND GRADING

Evaluation Type of Assessment To Assess Week No. Weight

Week 1-7 Assessment 1: Written Knowledge and understanding
Quiz 3 10 %
And Intellectual Skills
Assessment 2: Mid-Term Knowledge and understanding
6 20 %
And Intellectual Skills
Assessment 3: Written Knowledge and understanding
Week 8-12 Quiz 8 5%
And Intellectual Skills
Assessment 4: Oral Knowledge and understanding
Week 8-12 presentation 12 5%
And Intellectual Skills
Engagement in discussion, Working
Class Participation and with others skills, Preparation,
Week 1-14 Punctuality, and Contributions to the 1-14 10 %
Behavior
group work

Final Written Exam Knowledge and understanding

Week 15 15 40 %
And Intellectual Skills
Total
A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 100% 9
Before we Start,

Let Us Have A Look At Situation

And Latest Related-news In our
Lebanon
A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 10
 ‫‪ 22‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪11:44 2024‬‬

‫اﻵﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪر ﻋﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻼغ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮة اﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮم ﻬﺑﺎ ﻗﻮى اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ اﳌﺨ ّﺪرات وﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫" ﰲ إﻃﺎر اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺘﻮرﻃﲔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ‪ ،2023-12-30‬أﺣﺒﻂ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﳌﺨﺪرات اﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺪا ﰲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ ‪ /418,380/‬ﺣﺒﺔ ﻛﺒﺘﺎﻏﻮن ﳐﺒّﺄة ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺣﱰاﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻌ ّﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي إﱃ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﰎ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ اﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺚ وﻣﺎدة ‪ GHB‬اﳌﺨ ّﺪرة‪.‬‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﱰوﻳﺞ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎل‬

‫ﺗﺒﲔ ً‬
‫‪...‬واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ّ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ‪ ٢٠٢٤-١-١٥‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ رﺻﺪ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﲤ ّﻜﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﳌﺨﺪرات اﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺪا‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ اﻷﺧﲑ ﰲ ﳏﻠﺔ ﻋﲔ اﻟﺮﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬وﺿﺒﻂ ﲝﻮزﺗﻪ ‪/46،2/‬غ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎل ﻣﻴﺚ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ داﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻈﺎرﻳﻒ‪ /2،9/ ،‬غ ﻣﺎرﳚﻮا�‪ /10/ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎت"‪/5/ ، " XANAX‬ﺣﺒﺎت ﻟﲑﻳﻜﺎ‪ /6/ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎت‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﺒﺎدﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺣﺴﺎس ﻋﺪد ‪ /10/ ،/7/‬ﻟﻴﱰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة اﻟـ "‪" GBL‬اﳌﺨ ّﺪرة‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﺑﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬اﻋﱰف ﺄﺑﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪا‪ .‬أﺟﺮي اﳌﻘﺘﻀﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﲝﻘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وأودﻋﻮا ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﳌﻀﺒﻮﻃﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﳌﺨﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ إﺷﺎرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻼﻏﻲ ﲝﺚ وﲢﺮ داﺋﻢ ﲝﻖ اﳌﺘﻮرﻃﲔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺘﺎرﳜﻲ ‪٤‬و‪٢٠٢٣ -١٢ -٥‬‬

‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﲤ ّﻜﻨﺖ دور�ت اﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪاﳘﺔ ﻣﻨﺰل اﻷول ﰲ ﳏﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫وﺗﻮﻗﻴﻔﻪ ﰲ داﺧﻠﻪ‪ ... ،‬ﺎﺑﳉﺮم اﳌﺸﻬﻮد ﰲ ﳏﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﺪة ‪...‬ﰎ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﺘﻔﺘﻴﺸﻬﻢ وﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺰل اﻷول واﻟﺴﻴﺎرﺗﲔ ﺟﺮى ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /١٧/-‬ﻣﻈﺮوﻓًﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺎدة ﺣﺸﻴﺸﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻒ زﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﺑﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮاﱄ ‪ /١٧٠/‬غ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺴﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﳌﺎرﳚﻮا� زﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﺑﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮاﱄ ‪ /٢٧١/‬غ‬
‫‪ً /١١/-‬‬
‫‪ /٥١/ -‬ﻣﻈﺮوﻓًﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺒﺎز زﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﺑﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮاﱄ ‪ /١٥٥/‬غ‬
‫‪ /٨٧/ -‬ﻣﻈﺮوﻓًﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺎﻳﲔ زﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﺑﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮاﱄ ‪ /٣١٦/‬غ‬
‫‪ /٥٩/ -‬ﻣﻈﺮوﻓًﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺎﻳﲔ زﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﺑﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮاﱄ ‪ /٢٧١/‬غ‬
‫‪ /4/ -‬ﺣﺒﻮب ﳐﺪرة ﻟﻮن أﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺪﺳﲔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴﲔ‪ ،‬و‪ /٣/‬ﳑﺎﺷﻂ و ‪ /١٩/‬ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﰲ ‪15:18 - 10/04/2020‬‬
‫ﻟﺑﻧﺎن ﯾﺿﺑط ‪ 25‬طﻧﺎ ً ﻣن اﻟﻣﺧدرات ﻣﺣﺑطﺎ ً أﺿﺧم ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗﮭرﯾب ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﮫ‬

‫أﻋﻠﻨﺖ اﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ أﺿﺨﻢ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ ﳐﺪرات ﰲ ﺎﺗرﻳﺦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ اﺣﺒﺎط إﺧﺮاج ‪ 25‬ﻃﻨﺎً ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺸﻴﺸﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻒ ﻋﱪ ﻣﺮﻓﺄ ﺑﲑوت إﱃ دوﻟﺔ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﳏﱰﻓﺔ داﺧﻞ أﻛﻴﺎس" اﻟﱰاب‪ ،‬وﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
 ‫‪15/4/2014‬‬

‫أﻋﻠﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ اﻟﻠﻮاء إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺼﺒﻮص أن ﻗﻮات اﻷﻣﻦ‬

‫أﺣﺒﻄﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ أﻛﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ ﳐﺪرات ﰲ ﺎﺗرﻳﺦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﺑﻀﺒﻄﻬﺎ ‪ 15‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺣﺒﺔ‬

‫ﳎﻬﺰة داﺧﻞ أﻛﻴﺎس ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﺄ ﺑﲑوت وﻣﻌﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ إﱃ‬

‫)ﻛﺒﺘﺎﻏﻮن( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ّ‬

‫دﰊ‪.‬‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
 ‫‪18.02.2022‬‬

‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﳛﺒﻂ ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 700‬أﻟﻒ ﺣﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺪر اﻟﻜﺒﺘﺎﻏﻮن إﱃ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬

‫وزﻳﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻮي ﻗﺎل إن اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﺧﻼل أﺳﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ‬

‫إﺣﺒﺎط ﺛﻼث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻬﺗﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪22.05.2021‬‬

‫أﻋﻠﻧت اﻟﺳﻠطﺎت اﻟﻠﺑﻧﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺿﺑط ‪ 4‬أطﻧﺎن ﻣن "ﺣﺷﯾش اﻟﻛﯾف" اﻟﻣﺧدرة‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﻌدة ﻟﺗﮭرﯾﺑﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر ﻋﺑر إﺣدى اﻟﺑواﺧر اﻟﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﯾﻣﺎ أﻛد‬

‫اﻟرﺋﯾس اﻟﻠﺑﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﺣرص ﺑﻼده ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺣﺔ ﺗﮭرﯾب اﻟﻣﺧدرات‪ .‬وﻗﺎﻟت‬

‫اﻟوﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼم‪ ،‬إن "ﻗوات اﻷﻣن أﺣﺑطت ﺗﮭرﯾب ﻧﺣو ‪4‬‬

‫أطﻧﺎن ﻣن اﻟﺣﺷﯾش ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﻌدة ﺑﺻﻧﺎدﯾﻖ ﺣدﯾد ﻟﻠﺗﺻدﯾر ﻣن ﻣرﻓﺄ‬

‫ﺻﯾدا‪ ،‬ﺟﻧوب ﻟﺑﻧﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣرﻓﺄ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺷﻣﺎل ﻣﺻر‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
 ‫‪22.05.2021‬‬

‫أﻋﻠﻨﺖ وزارة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﯿﻮم‬

‫اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء‪ ،‬ﺗﻮرط ﻣﻮاطﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ دﻗﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﮭﺮﻳﺐ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫‪.‬ﻣﺨﺪرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

‫وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮزارة ﻗﻮﻟﮭﺎ إﻧﻪ "ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬

‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻮف ﺣﺴﻦ دﻗﻮ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮرط ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﮭﺮﻳﺐ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﺨ ّ‬
‫ﺪرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ واﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘ ّ‬
‫ﺪر ﺑﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 94‬ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﺣﺒ ّﺔ ﻛﺒﺘﺎﻏﻮن"‪.‬‬

‫‪A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
 22.05.2021

‫ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎل ﻣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ ﻛﻮﻛﺎﻳﲔ‬

‫ ﻛﺒﺘﺎﻏﻮن‬ ‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺸﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻒ‬

Tramadol  �‫ ﻣﺎرﳚﻮا‬

LSD  XANAX 

GBL  ‫ ﻟﲑﻳﻜﺎ‬

Morphine  ‫ ﺳﻮﻟﺒﺎدﻳﲔ‬

A.Tassi/BAU/FHS/HESC001 18
 DRUG USE AND ADDICTION Facts

 Use and misuse of alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drugs, and misuse of prescription
drugs cost Americans more than $700 billion a year in increased health care costs,
crime, and lost productivity.
 Every year, drug overdoses cause tens of thousands of deaths (> 70,000 in 2018)
 Alcohol contributes to the death of more than 90,000 Americans, while tobacco is
linked to an estimated 480,000 deaths per year.
 85% of all imprisonment in USA are drug related

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 Why do PEOPLE TAKE DRUGS?

• To feel good. Drugs can produce intense feelings of pleasure.

• To feel better. Some people who suffer from social anxiety, stress, and depression
• To do better. Some people feel pressure to improve their focus in school or at work
• Curiosity and social pressure. Teens are particularly at risk because peer pressure

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 WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

If taking drugs makes people feel good or better, WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

When they first use a drug, people may perceive what seem to be positive effects.
They also may believe they can control their use
BUT
Over time… other pleasurable activities become less pleasurable,
… the person has to take the drug just to feel “normal.”… loose control …. problems
for themselves and their loved ones…. ADDICTION …

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 WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

Even relatively moderate drug use poses much dangers.

Occasional drug use, or social drinkers for example, are not considered as Addicts, yet
can easily and quickly turn a pleasurable activity into a tragedy that affects many lives
when getting behind the wheel of a car while intoxicated.

Drugs can quickly take over a person’s life

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 Consequences of Drug Use and Addiction

People of all ages suffer the harmful consequences of drug use and addiction:
• Teens who use drugs  do poorly in school or drop out. Using drugs when the brain
is still developing  lasting brain changes  increased risk of dependence.
• Adults who use drugs can have problems thinking clearly, remembering, and paying
attention.  poor social behaviors as a result of their drug use,  Low performance
and personal relationships.

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 Consequences of Drug Use and Addiction

• Parents’ drug use can mean chaotic, stress-filled homes, child abuse and neglect
 harm the well-being and development of children  set the stage for drug use in
the next generation.
• Babies exposed to drugs in the womb may be born premature and underweight. 
slow the child’s ability to learn and affect behavior later in life  can become
dependent on opioids or other drugs used by the mother during pregnancy 
neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

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 WHAT IS ADDICTION

“I’m no longer in control. I think I’ve lost control. That’s what they tell me anyway. They tell me I
have to hold my hands up and acknowledge that I am powerless over this behaviour. Yesterday I thought
I had some control. Do I? I knew that eventually I’d have to do something about this. Now I have to,
apparently, accept that I have no power? None at all?

I am expected to do the impossible then: change something that I have no control over; make a change
that involves having power over that which I am apparently powerless. At this point in my life, I am to
muster up more power and control than I have ever needed in my entire life? I’m so confused.”

A confusing picture and rich with conflict and contradiction.

A frustrating reality for so many people who find themselves in addiction.

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“Street Addict” Or “Junkie” Stereotype

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 Positive Initial Drug Experiences

Louis and Umber: Two inner city men comment on their first heroin experiences.

The interviewees were long-term, current heroin users, whose lives revolved around their
daily “fix.” The unemployed addicts began their day with a scramble for money for their
next high. These activities included

- conning money from friends and relatives, selling stolen goods, shoplifting, and various
other scams.

- For those with the means, the drug was taken on schedule, once or twice a day.

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 Positive Initial Drug Experiences

Louis (18 years old): It started as a tingle in my toes and it went completely through
my body, quickly through my head and I just relaxed as though I had taken a sedative.. . .
At first I felt exhilarated…. then it really started coming down and I it was cool.

Umber (26 years old): I felt a warm sensation over my whole body. My body relaxed,
my hands relaxed… made you feel like you didn’t really need to care about nothing

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 Initial Drug Experiences

Some says that “I never felt it was a big deal”

I could and also controlled. No sloppy slack of being drunk.

Everything was fine . . . it makes you feel everything is fine when it isn’t.

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 Initial Drug Experiences

There are plenty of people who don’t like to accept a basic fact about drugs.
They look at the end result and see misery or death . . . but they don’t think about
the beginning, that from the very first hit some drugs make some people feel
fantastic . . .

when it happens to you, you don’t forget it  And you want More  Once is never
enough  and you are totally out of control

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 Initial Drug Experiences

Dr. Ian Oswald, one of the pioneers of sleep research, describes what a week of
heroin is like. In contrast to the first set of users, he was interested in withdrawal
symptoms, not the initial rush. This rather strange pursuit was motivated by earlier
observations that one of the symptoms of heroin withdrawal was highly disturbed sleep
patterns. Oswald reasoned that by experiencing withdrawal himself, he served as his
own guinea pig and managed to persuade a colleague to join him

(cited in Latimer & Goldberg, 1981)

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 Miserable Initial Drug Experiences

He describes their experience as follows :

We’ve been on heroin a week now . . . Seven days of voluntary illness. And how ill we feel . . .
My personal view at present is just one made gray and utterly grim by heroin. The extraordinary
thing is that it brings no joy, no pleasure. Weariness, above all. At most, some hours of
disinterest—the world passing by while you feel untouched. Even after the injection there is no
sort of thrill, no mind-expanding nonsense,. . . You doze, see a daft scene where someone throws
something, jump with a sort of panic, and doze again. Hypnagogic hallucinations, they’re called .
Why should people take this stuff—not for joy. Only for an hour of sudden shafts of panic & itching.

What a Miserable Initial Drug Experiences

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 Miserable Drug Experiences

Manny Torres: From nausea to the perfect moment. A miserable first experience with a
drug does not necessarily mean that it is not tried again.

Manny Torres, introduced next, describes a horrible first experience, but then, under the
influence of his friends and relatives, he gives it another try (Rettig et al., 1977) . . . My
head start to spin, I start to throw up, and I say, “What the fxxx did I do, Eddie?” Man . . .
I was really sick; I felt terrible . . .
“Man, I don’t want no more of this. That’s it, I’ve had it.”

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 “The most intense NOTHINGNESS Experience”

William S. Burroughs, one of the best-known 1950s; The “Beat Generation.” wrote:

I lived in one room in the Native Quarter of Tangier. I had not taken a bath in a year nor changed my
clothes or removed them except to stick a needle every hour in the fibrous grey wood flesh of terminal
addiction . . . I could look at the end of my shoe for eight hours. I was only roused to action when the
hourglass of junk ran out. If a friend came to visit—and they rarely did since who or what was left to visit—I
sat there not caring that he had entered my field of vision and not caring when he walked out of it.

If he had died on the spot I would have sat there looking at my shoe waiting to go through his pockets.
Wouldn’t you? Because I never had enough junk—no one ever does. Thirty grains of morphine a day and it
stil was not enough.

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 It anesthetizes the whole damn ugly world

Manny Torres: Grew up in a New York City neighborhood that was home to juvenile
gangs, racketeers, and heroin. The book opens with Manny and his brother trying to
score some heroin.

For the last few days, they have been sleeping in parked cars to avoid the police. It
is late at night and freezing outside. You’re so damn sick . . . You’re feeling so bad that
you know you’re going to die, and you have the remedy for all your problems right in
your hand, That little dab of white powder is going to make you feel good . . .

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 Addiction

…. I first started using drugs after I was divorced. I was smoking opium . . All I felt
was a good feeling. I kept going every night. I didn’t think of the danger. I didn’t think of
nothing. I just smoked every night until I got hooked . .

When I couldn’t get opium, I took heroin . You can sit there and you can taste it or
you could be sitting there and all of a sudden just smell it. Then you start thinking
about it.

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 When I don’t get it I feel horrible

Butch: My complexion is duller, I have a dull, hollow look. I don’t seem as lively as other
people. My dress is shabbier and it’s getting shabbier and shabbier. I’ve had most of my teeth
pulled . . . Heroin is something I have to take every day. When I don’t get it I feel horrible. My
hands are swollen . . . I become very impulsive. I get very angry over nonsense. When you’re
so used to shooting heroin that you’re nodding when you’re not nodding . . . And if you’re used
to walking on a slouch when you’re nodding, you’re gonna walk that way when you ain’t high. I
was never born to be swollen like this. I wasn’t born to limp, I wasn’t born for my bowels to lock
for me . . . I have to be around where I can get my dope shot or I’m gonna be sick.
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 So I can feel normal

Jim: Rather than taking off, you feel deeply implanted. Rather than going on a trip, it brings
you back home. You don’t go out like a jet or a rocket, you accommodate yourself to this

world.

Dap Daddy: It’s my relaxer, my shot for the day . . . so I can feel normal.
Ace: Getting high is the norm for me . . . I just get normal.

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 UGLY FACTS

Beyond a certain frequency, NEED knows absolutely no limit or control.

In the words of total need: “Wouldn’t you?” Yes you would.

You would lie, cheat, inform on your friends, steal, do anything to satisfy total need.
Because you would be in a state of total sickness, total possession, and not in a position to
act in any other way.

Dope fiends are sick people who cannot act other than they do

A rabid dog cannot choose but bite

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Can Someone Really Quit ?

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 When the weekly salary is no longer sufficient

For about four years Scott was addicted to heroin (e.g., a daily user). His marriage dissolved, but he
managed to keep his job. He had a stable drug source, and aside from when he purchased the drug, he
did not associate with other addicts, distancing himself from the street-addict scene. Drugs are expensive.
When his salary could no longer support his habit, he borrowed money from his bank and credit union.
Once he cashed stolen payroll checks to buy heroin, but this, reports Scott, was out of character. Although
Scott was employed full time, Drugs eventually drained all of his financial resources, including his credit
line. As Scott puts it, he “had gone as far as [he] could go … then he thought: “[T]he only way [I] was going
to be able to manage it was to start dealing drugs and risk getting busted.. . . It finally became clear that
this was the end. I was going to have to make a big change, of my whole life . . . So that’s why it was kind
of a rational decision.”
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 When Life had “gone out of control”

When life had gone out of control, Then you start making excuses why you should.
It just progressed and then you stop paying bills and the shit started going down the
tubes . . . Between the drug and the pressures of not taking care of your responsibilities .
. . my brain was about to just bomb. I just had to stop. I remember the night I stopped . . .
I had done a gram. When I get high I start thinking and I decided I couldn’t do it anymore.
That night I made up my mind to not do it and I didn’t. The next day I said to them,
“Don’t come out with it,” and they respected that.

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 Nothing is impossible

After ruining his career and marriage, Scott shut himself up in a hotel room and
withdrew from heroin. Scott had been a heroin addict for four years (on a daily basis), a
methamphetamine addict for a year and a half (on a daily basis), and a frequent user of
marijuana and LSD. At the time of the interview, Scott had not used heroin for more than
ten years, had remarried, and was employed.

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 Feeling of Guilt

One evening (while in the California desert) I climbed on this big rock, and just
sat there alone waiting for the sunset. It was beautiful. Then I snapped . . . “What am I
doing? God did not put me here on this earth to be using heroin!” For the first time

I felt guilty about being a user. I began to have these powerful feelings for my parents
to be proud of me again. And I thought about my son and my responsibilities to him.

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 Once An Addict, Always An Addict?

The prognosis for addiction is bleak. According to most clinicians and researchers, addicts almost
always resume drug use, even if free of drugs for years. For instance, Charles P. O’Brien and A. Thomas
McLellan, two widely published addiction researchers, note that most addicts relapse, that “cure” is
an unrealistic hope, and that “Addictive disorders should be considered in the category with other
disorders that require long-term or lifelong treatment” (McLellan et al., 2000).

They group addiction with other long-term conditions such as arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Alan
Leshner (1997), director of NIDA added Alzheimer’s and schizophrenia to the list of disorders
resembling addiction.

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 RELAPSE

Treatment organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous, and

psychiatric textbooks refer to abstinent addicts as “recovering,” not “recovered,”
regardless of how long they have been off drugs.

MOST of the patients resumed drug use within a year or so after the end of the program.

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 Rehab Failures

Brecher, (1972) once rote writes:

No effective cure for heroin addiction has ever been found—neither rapid withdrawal,
nor gradual withdrawal, neither the drug sanitariums . . . nor long terms of
imprisonment . . . nor Lexington . . . nor the California program . . . nor the New York
State program . . . nor the National Addiction Rehabilitation Administration program . . .
nor Synanon . . . nor the other therapeutic communities.

Nor should this uninterrupted series of failures surprise us for really addicting drugs.

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 Treatment Outcome

Thirty-three years later, prominent addiction researcher A. Thomas McLellan and

his colleagues offer an update (2005). They contend that for all drugs of abuse,

RELAPSE is the Expected Treatment Outcome

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 VERY Hard FACTs

In fact, most alcohol- and drug-dependent patients relapse following cessation of

treatment . . .

In general about 50–60% of patients begin reusing within six months following
treatment cessation.

About 80 to 90 % of the patients resumed drug use within a year or so after the end
of the program regardless of the type of discharge, the patient characteristics or the
particular substance(s) of abuse.

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 VERY Hard FACTs

“Outcome studies show that the majority of individuals who receive

treatment for substance use disorders relapse.”

Thus, the claim that addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder can be backed up
by more than a hundred years of research.

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 Is addiction a
DISEASE or a CHOICE?

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Latest UPDATES

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Philadelphia's zombie drug 'tranq' already in NYC

https://youtu.be/9XHoBsNgKm8

https://youtu.be/U3e75pH6MvQ?si=BtrvZpIeUQiobX7Q

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 The latest Trend

Decriminalizing Drugs

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 Decriminalizing Drugs
Are you with or against?

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Portugal

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Once hailed for decriminalizing drugs, Portugal is now having doubts

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/0
7/07/portugal-drugs-decriminalization-heroin-
crack/

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Oregon

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San Francisco

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https://youtu.be/GWBzxr3c29s

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 Drug use at BART Civic Station in San Francisco

Shocking video: Junkies shoot up in San Francisco station

https://www.foxnews.com/video/5777435200001

https://youtu.be/YQctLUab5Ks?si=8ucexidce-Ys6t10

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"Portland, Oregon, two years after decriminalizing personal amounts of hard
drugs," said reporter Lyndsay Duncombe.

"The open drug use, the deaths worse than ever."

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SAFE Drug Supply !!?

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British Colombia
CAN

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Is addiction a DISEASE or a CHOICE?

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