FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MODULE MATENB1
APPLICATIONS OF CALCULUS

CAMPUS APK
ASSESSMENT SEMESTER TEST 2 Memo

DATE 22/10/2018 TIME 08:00

ASSESSOR(S) DR A SWARTZ
DR C ROBINSON

DURATION 90 MINUTES MARKS 50

SURNAME AND INITIALS

STUDENT NUMBER

CONTACT NUMBER

NUMBER OF PAGES: 1 + 8 PAGES

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER IN PEN.

2. NO CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED.
3. SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND MOTIVATE ALL ANSWERS.
4. IF YOU REQUIRE EXTRA SPACE, CONTINUE ON THE
ADJACENT BLANK PAGE AND INDICATE THIS CLEARLY.
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 1/8

Question 1 [3 marks]

For questions 1.1 – 1.3, choose one correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the correct block.

Question a b c d e
1.1 X
1.2 X
1.3 X

1.1 The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals guarantees the existence of a special point on the
graph of y = 2x3 between (0, 0) and (2, 8). What are the coordinates of this point? (1)
2
(a) (2 3 , 4)
1
(b) (4, 2 3 )
1
(c) (2 3 , 4)
3
(d) (4, 2 2 )
(e) None of the above.

1.2 Which integral below gives the arc length of the curve y = cot x on the interval [0, π4 ]? (1)
Z π√
4
(a) 1 − csc4 x dx
0
π
Z
4 √
(b) 1 + csc4 x dx
0
1
Z r
π
(c) + csc4 x dx
0 4
Z π
4 p
(d) 1 + cot2 x dx
0
Z π
4 p
(e) 1 + csc2 x cot2 x dx
0

3x2
1.3 At each point (x, y) on a certain curve, the slope of the curve is . If the curve contains
2y
the point (0, 2), then its equation is (1)
3
(a) y = 4ex
(b) y = x3 + 4
3
(c) y = ex + 4
(d) y 2 = x3 + 4
(e) None of the above.
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 2/8

Question 2 [4 marks]

For questions 2.1 – 2.2, choose one correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the correct block.

Question a b c d e
2.1 X
2.2 X

2.1 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of
the equations about the x-axis. (2)

π
y = cos x + 1, x = 0, y = 0, x =
2
3 2
(a) π + 2π
4
3
(b) π 2 + 4π
4
(c) π 2 + 4π
(d) π 2 + 2π
(e) None of the above.

2.2 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of
the equations y = 1 − x2 and y = 0 about the line y = 5. (2)
368
(a) π
15
184
(b) π
5
196
(c) π
15
92
(d) π
15
(e) None of the above.
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 3/8

Question 3 [5 marks]
√
(a) Find the point on the curve y = x that is closest to (3, 0). (2)

Solution:

Suppose that (x, y) is a point on the curve. Then the distance function we will optimize is:

D2 (x, y) = (x − 3)2 + (y − 0)2 = (x − 2)2 + y 2 .

√
Since y = x we have:

√ dD2
D2 (x) = (x − 3)2 + ( x)2 = (x − 3)2 + x =⇒ = 2(x − 3) + 1.
dx
For a minimum we have:
dD2 5
= 2x − 5 = 0 =⇒ x = .
dx 2
(b) Show that the point determined in (a) above represents a minimum. (1)

Solution:

5
If x < then 2x − 5 < 0
2
5
for x > we have 2x − 5 > 0,
2
5
Hence x = must be a minimum.
2
(c) Find two positive numbers whose product is 196 and whose sum is a minimum. (2)

Solution:

196
Let the numbers be x and y. Then xy = 196 =⇒ y = , and
x
196
S =x+y =x+ .
x
dS 196
∴ =1− 2 .
dx x
For a minimum we need to have:
196
= 1 =⇒ x = 14.
x2
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 4/8

Question 4 [5 marks]

(a) A pebble is dropped into a calm pond, causing ripples in the form of concentric circles. The
radius, r, of the outer ripple is increasing at a constant rate of 1 foot per second. When the
radius is 4 feet, at what rate is the total area A of the disturbed water changing? (3)

Solution:

dA
A = πr2 =⇒ = 2πr.
dr
Hence
dA dA dr
= · = 2π(4ft)(1ft/s) = 8π ft2 /s.
dt dr dt
(b) The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 10 cm3 /min. How fast is the surface area
increasing when the length of a side is 30 cm. (2)

Solution:

Let x represent the side length of the cube. Then

S = 6x2 and V = x3 .

Hence
dS dV
= 12x and = 3x2
dx dx
Next,
dV dV dx dx dx 10
= · =⇒ 10 = 3x2 · =⇒ = 2
dt dx dt dt dt 3x
Next,
dS dS dx 10 40 4
= · = 12x · 2 = = cm2 /s.
dt dx dt 3x x 3
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 5/8

Question 5 [3 marks]
Calculate the area enclosed by the line 2y = x + 1 and the parabola x = y 2 − 4. Include a sketch
of the region. (3)

Solution:

First we calculate the points of intersection of the two graphs. For the straight line graph we
have:
2y = x + 1 =⇒ x = 2y − 1.
For the parabola we have:
x = y 2 − 4.
At the points of intersection we have:

y 2 − 4 = 2y − 1

∴ y 2 − 2y − 3 = 0
∴ (y − 3)(y + 1) = 0
hence
y = 3 or y = −1
Next,
y = 3 =⇒ x = 2(3) − 1 = 5
and
y = −1 =⇒ x = 2(−1) − 1 = −3
The graph below illustrates the region:

We calculate the area as:

Z 3
Area = (2y − y 2 + 3)dy
−1
3
y3

2
= y − + 3y
3 −1
1
= 9 − 9 + 9 − (1 + − 3)
3
1
= 11 −
3
2
= 10
3
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 6/8

Question 6 [4 marks]
Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of the solid generated if the region enclosed
by the graphs of y = x2 and y = −x2 + 2x is revolved about the line x = 2. Include a sketch of
the region and indicate a typical rectangle that generates a cylindrical shell. (4)

Solution:

A diagram of the graphs and the region is shown below:

We have that r = 2 − x and h = (−x2 + 2x) − x2 = −2x2 + 2x. The volume is:
Z 1
V = 2π (2 − x)(−2x2 + 2x)dx
Z0 1
= 2π (−4x2 + 4x + 2x3 − 2x2 )dx
Z0 1
= 2π (2x3 − 6x2 + 4x)dx
0
 1
1 4 3 2
= 2π x − 2x + 2x
2 0
 
1
= 2π −2+2
2
=π
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 7/8

Question 7 [4 marks]
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the the region bounded by the curves y = x2 + 1
and y = 9 − x2 about the line y = −1. Include a sketch of the region and use the method of
washers / discs. (4)

Solution:

The graphs of the functions and the shaded region is shown:

We calculate the area as:

A(x) = π (9 − x2 − (−1))2 − (x2 + 1 − (−1))2

 

= π (10 − x2 ))2 − (x2 + 2))2

 

= π 100 − 20x2 + x4 − (x4 + 4x2 + 4)

 

= π 96 − 24x2
 
Z 2
96 − 24x2 dx


∴V =2
0
2
= 2π 96x − 8x3 0


= 2π [96(2) − 8(8)]
= 2π[192 − 64]
= 256π
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 8/8

Question 8 [7 marks]

(a) State the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals and give a geometric interpretation of it. Do
not prove the theorem. (3) Solution: If f is continuous on [a, b], then there exists a
number c in [a, b] such that
Z b
1
f (c) = fave = f (x) dx
b−a a
Z b
that is, f (x) dx = f (c)(b − a).
a
The geometric interpretation of the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals is that, for positive
functions f , there is a number c such that the rectangle with base b − a and height f (c) has
the same area as the region under the graph of f from a to b.

√
(b) Find a positive number k such that the average value of f (x) = 3x over the interval [0, k]
is 6. (4)

Solution: We solve for k in:

Z k√
1
6 = 3x dx
k−0 0
1 k√ √
Z
∴6 = 3 x dx
k 0
√ Z k 1
∴ 6k = 3 x 2 dx
0
6k 2 3 k
∴√ = x 2
3 3 0
9k 3
∴√ = k 2
3
9 1
∴√ = k2 (k 6= 0)
3
81
∴ = k
3
∴k = 27
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 9/8

Question 9 [7 marks]
Z x √
(a) Compute the arc length of F on [1, 3] if F (x) = t2 − 1 dt. (3)
1

Solution: By the first part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,

√
F 0 (x) = x2 − 1,

and so
Z 3 p
L = 1 + (F 0 (x))2 dx
Z1 3 q √
= 1 + ( x2 − 1)2 dx
Z1 3 √
= 1 + x2 − 1 dx
Z1 3 √
= x2 dx
Z1 3
= |x| dx
1
Z 3
= x dx
1
1 23
= x
2 1
9 1
= −
2 2
8
=
2
= 4
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 10/8

(b) Show that the surface area of a sphere of radius r is 4πr2 . (4)

Solution:
√ We obtain a sphere of radius r by rotating about the x-axis the semicircle y =
2 2
r − x . Then the surface area of the sphere is

s 2
Z r 
dy
S = 2π y 1+ dx
−r dx
s 2
r √

−x
Z
= 2π r 2 − x2 1+ √ dx
−r r 2 − x2
√
r
r
x2
Z
= 2π r 2 − x21+ 2 dx
−r r − x2
Z r√ r
r 2 − x2 + x2
= 2π r 2 − x2 dx
−r r 2 − x2
Z r√ √
r2
= 2π r 2 − x2 √ dx
−r r 2 − x2
Z r
= 2π |r| dx
Z−rr
= 2π r dx
−r
r
= 2πrx
−r
= 2πr + 2πr2
2

= 4πr2
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 22 OCTOBER 2018 11/8

Question 10 [8 marks]
(a) Solve the differential equation (4)
xy 0 + (x + 1)y = 3x2 e−x , x > 0.

x+1
Solution: The equation is clearly linear, with P (x) = and Q(x) = 3xe−x . The
x
integrating factor is
x+1
(1+ x1 ) dx
R R
I(x) = e x
dx
=e = ex+ln |x| = ex eln x = xex .
Multiplying both sides of the given equation by I(x) gives
xex y 0 + ex (x + 1)y = 3x2 ,
and so
d
(xex y) = 3x2 .
dx
We now integrate both sides:
Z
x
xe y = 3x2 dx

xex y = x3 + C.
Hence, the general solution to this equation is
Ce−x
y = x2 e−x + .
x
dy 2 2
(b) Solve the initial value problem = xex −ln y , y(0) = 1. (4)
dx
Solution: The equation is separable. We first rewrite it in terms of differentials:
dy 2 −ln y 2
= xex
dx
2
dy xex
= ln y2
dx e
2
dy xex
=
dx y2
2 2
y dy = xex dx
Now we integrate both sides:
Z Z
2 2
y dy = xex dx
y3 1 x2
= e +C
3 2
r
3 3 x2
y = e + 3C
2
3 1
Solving for C, we have 1 = + 3C, which gives C = − . Hence, the specific solution to the
2 6
initial-value problem is r
3 3 x2 1
y= e − .
2 2