j i : i i i ; i Representing Proportional Relationships GETTING THEADEA Ina proportional lationship, two quantities vary directly with each other. ‘You can represent proportional relationships in evers ways ‘+ an equation inthe form y = k, where k'sthe constant of proportionality or unit rate * a.g@ph ofa straight ne that passes through the origin + ase ortable of ordered pais that show equivalent ratios ‘verbal description that describes a drecty proportional relationship between two quantities Example 1 ‘Acar technician took aca on fur tet ives, For each cive, the technician recorded the mils civen andthe anount of gs used. Gallons of Distance Driven (in miles) 4 100 2 50 1 25 Os 12 Do the data inthe table representa proportional relationship? Strategy Compare the relationship between data pairs. Lesson 3: Representing Proportions Relationships 19Step 1) Wiiteand simpy rato foreach data pai. \ Pose = 25 miles per gallon SHEE = 25 miles per gallon | ZEEE 25 mies peegalon | TEBE, = 24 mies pergaton “The aos are the sme except rhe last cata pr. i Step 2) Do the dain the abe epee proportions relent? No, tis te that 22 = $2-= 28, out 2 3B {All the data values inthe table need to be proportional in order forthe table to represent a proportional relationship, Solution The data do not represent a proportional relationship. Since the equation y = kxrepresentsa directly proportional relationship, Example 2 Do the points on the graph represent a proportional lationship? Strategy Find the values of the ratio ¥, Step} Foreachordred pa, ind the value ofthe rao ‘or (3, 7.8), the value of fis: for 6,156, he abe offi: $8 = 26 for (7,182), re ah of iB = 26 BB = 98 = 82 = 26, sothese three points ave releted by the same constant of proportionality, 2.6. The ordered pairs representa proportional relationship. S ? i Z : : i $ i e i 2 20° Chapter: Ratios and Proportional RelationshipsStep 2 _Usea graph to very your answer (One way to check the answer isto try to drawa sight line through all three points if you can draw a straight ine through al three points andthe ine passes {rough the origin, (0, 0), the ordered pais representa proportional elationsip. Solution The points on the graph represent a proportional reationship. Example 3 Show thatthe ordered pain the table representa proportional lationship. Then writen equation ‘represent the proportional lationship, x [25 [30 [35] 40 y | 70 | 84 | 98 | n2 Strategy Find the ratio of yto x. Then use it to write an equation. Step] Calculate the vale of for any ordered pir 1,579 For(25,7.0, theveloffis 32 2.8 For(3.0, 8.4, thevaleoffis 84 = 208 For, 9.8, hevabe offs 8 = 28 8 For 4.0, 1.2, thevaueof is 32 Step2 Compare ratios. For each ordered pair, 7= 2.8, Since k= ¥, you know thatthe constant of proportionality, kis 2.8. Solution The ordered pairs represent a proportional relationship, where 2.8s the constant ‘of proportionality. The equation fr the proportional relationships y = 2.8. 4 Step Substate2.8forkinthe equation for proportonarestionship, i yam : y=200 Lesson 3: Representing Proportional Relationships 28the telatirship between two quantities is proportional relationship, this eationship can be represented by the graph ofa straght line :hrough the oxgin with slope equa tothe unit rat. For each point x, yon the graph, kis equal to k, where kis the unit ate. The point(1, k)is @ point ‘onthe gph. Example 4 ‘The graph below shows the cats of buying pears ata farmstand. What does the point, 2)on the graph represent? How could you use that point to help you write an equation to represent this proportional relationship? Pear Weight of Pears (in pounds) Strategy Examine the graph. Step 1 Use the graph to examinethe proportional relationship. ‘Te horizontal axis shows the number of pounds of pears purchased, The vertical acs shows the total price in dollars. So, (1, 2) shows thatthe charge for buying } pound of pears is $2 Since the s-velue is 1, the ratio $ will be a unit rate, The ywalue is the unit rate, 2 Thisis the unitate: #& or $2 per pound. step2 White aneqstonto repent ie elation. The te, Fot2, sa the conn of roporonaly, Subatute2fork te yaae Solution Thepoint (1,2) shows te ultrate-82 per pound of peas The equation y= 2x Canbe tredtafnd the tl pee dolars,forbujng x pounds of pear. 22 Chapters Ratios and Propartonal RelationshipsExample 5 {scientist measured the otal stance, in fet, a grasshopper traveled in 3 jumps. she elatonship between jumps and ditancea proportional laonship? iso, whats the grasshopper sunitrte? { i a ' 3 i i : & ‘Strategy Step) ‘Swp2 ‘Solution Jumps (2) of: f[2|3 DistanceinFeet()| 0 | 15 | 3 | 45 Use graph to determine ifthe relationship is proportional Graph the ordered pais, Then draw ane through he points (Grasshopper ‘Jumps y Distance (in feet) WL Jumps ‘The points form a line that passes through the ori (0,0) Aline that represents 2 proportional relationship passes through the origin, §© theve dat are directly proportional Use the gr or table to find the grasshopper‘ unitate When x 1, y= 1.5. The j value paired with x when x = isthe constant of proportionality, or unit rate The cistance traveled by the grasshopper is 1.5 feet per jum. ‘The deta show 2 proportional relationship. The grasshopper's unit rates 1S feet per jump. Lesson3: Representing roportona Heibonstips. 2<2 oo cist [Amit typed two reports for homework. He typed 240 words forthe frst report in 4 minutes. He typed 270 words for the second report in 4.5 minutes. Plot ordered peirs forthe information gin and create a graph to determine if the number of words Amit typed is drectiy proportional tothe time it took tb type the reports. Then label two addtional points onthe ‘graph and describe what the ponts represent, 1 Seamer! “Tine (io minutes) Wie the orderec pairs fr the data inthe table. Time (inminutes),x | Words Typed, y 4 270. Potthe two paints on the graph. Then caw a sight ne through the pois. the line passes through the relationship Co the orclered pairsin the table represent a proportions retationship? Plot two addtional oriered pairs onthe graph including the point with an xvaiue of. Choose a point on the graph. The value ofyis when x ite the sand y-valueas an ordered pai: ( ) This ordered pai represents Amit typing ——_—wordsin _ minute Choose another point en the graph. when x=. Thevalueofys White the and yaalueas anoidered pait( | This ordered pair epresents Amit typing words in ___ minutes) Since the points the data representa proportional relationship. The point at (I, _) represents Amit typing — words in minute, andthe pointat( represents a 124 Chapter 1 Ratos and Proportional RelationshipsLES: Nine Neue tes © Twosucent groupsare woting on the school yetbook They ited batches of pages printer inthe Computer ab The able bebw shows the tuba of pages pnd each gro drat ine needed tori the page. Time (in seconds), x 30 25 Which statement deserbesthe relationship between the dita? ‘A. The data represent a proportional telationship, and the constant of proportionality is 5. B. The data representa proportional Felationship, and the constant of peopontionalty i 5.25. CC. The data represent a proportional telationship, and the constant of proportionality is 55. D. The data do not represent proportional relationsho. © Tre constant proportionality fora preporionaeatonsipiskIthe vale Spink whats the vale 3? Ao © Tre contan of proportionality fora proporonaleatonshpis 3, Which pot doesa ne representng the telaiontp pss trough? & (ot) aun & (hl Ban © Te tot costyisproporionaltothe rurbeof sed books purchared t D consan’ prce of 4, Which eqution represen ratontip? AL yexea Byes . yake De ynact © Trees’ thetourpoins (0.61, (ie, 5) na 60,12, repent these proporal aon (ich pt oes mat represent i risionhp? A059) B. 006) c. 1488) ». (6012 presenting Propotional Relationships 25Use the information and graph for questions 6-9. ‘The greph below shows the relationship between the numt > of gallons of ethanolbased gasoline and the number of gallons o'regular gasoline sold ata gas station. x Gasoline Sales whats tne wnitateferthisproponional |) vst des the pat 30, represen? Lodi A. The cost for 30 gallons of gasoline 1 01 gan of gasoine pe galon is33 of ethanol B. For every 30 gallons of gasoline sold, B. 01 galon of ethanol per gon S galonsofetanolis sak of gasoline ©. The cost for 3 gallons of gasoline ©. 10oalons of g2slne per galon ist39, of ethanol 1D. For every 30 gallons of ethanol sold, DL 1Ogalons.fethanet per gain | 3 galons of gasofine is sol. eignsoine j { Wicnpotisapontonthe graph? D wich ecuation presents the propationaeationshp? A 8 3. 8. « c. y= tox i D. y= 30K | 26. Chapter Ratios and Propotonal Relationships { |tate poefastect ted 2 Hag tg Use the information for questions 10-12. Jess says that two ofthe four points below represent points on the same proportional relationship (8, 8),(6,15),(8, 20), and (2,24) @ Wich wo points coud represent the sare proportional lationship? AL (3, 8)and 6,15) 8. (6,15)and (8,20) C. G,B)and'9, 24) D. (8, Zand (2,24) © Waris conn ot propertly? A © rich easton enesersthe proportional relationship? A ye B. y= © D © Merete teow showsthe pice o! buying pps the mate ‘Apples | Total Price (impound x | Gndolars).y | 2 5 | a 0 3 15 Which equation represents tis relationship? A. yn 25x B e=25y c. y=5e D. easy © Mreoweres pa, Siepresentst seit onthe graph oe ropetna taobnstip, Which ordered pio teorecerts pion the same gap? A (Ea) ha} © 6.8) 3] Lesson 3 Representing Proportional Relatonships 27brenda ecorded the amount of tine took to cook potatoes na microwave Potato Cooking Times Number of | Time Potatoes | (in minutes) 2 10. 3 15 5 25 Part Make a graph of Brenda's data. Are theclata proportional? Explain tiow you know. ‘Time (in minutes) Potato Cooking Times Number of Potatoes Parte Plot the point onthe graph were x 28 Chapter: Ratio and Proportions Relationships Describe what this point represents, rr