Chapter 3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Table of Contents
3.1 Cartesian System
3.2 Plotting the points
3.3 Find the Coordinates
3.4 Essentials

CARTESIAN SYSTEM


The axes (singular - ‘axis’) divide the plane into four parts. These four parts are called the
Quadrants (one fourth part), numbered I, II, III and IV anticlockwise from OX.
 So, the plane consists of the axes and these quadrants. We call the plane, the Cartesian plane,
or the Coordinate plane, or the xy -plane.
 The axes are called the coordinate axes.
 Abscissa is the point on x−axis
 Ordinate is the point on y−axis.

Plotting the points

Examples: E.g. Plot P(4,3) and Q (-2,-6). Also state their
ordinates and abscissas.
Solution:
For point P : abscissa is 4 & Ordinate is 3
For point Q : abscissa is -2 & Ordinate is -6

E.g. Locate the points (5, 0), (0, 5), (2, 5), (5, 2), (–3, 5), (–3, –5), (5, –3) and (6, 1) in the Cartesian
plane.
Solution:
 Are you Bored?
Here’s a

FUN ACTIVITY
for you to Enjoy
Directions: plot the points on the graph below. Connect the points
with line segments as you plot them. Keep connecting the points
until you see line ends. Then start the next group. Shade in when
finished.

1. (-5, -3) (7.10) 4. (5,-3) LINE SHADE IN (4,6)

ENDS
(-4,-5) (8.10) (4,-5) LINE SHADE IN
6. (5,0) ENDS
(-3,-7) (9.7) (3,-7) LINE
(4,-1) 9. (-3,-7) ENDS
(-3,-6) (8,4) LINE
(7.1) ENDS (2, -1) (-1-8) 11. (4, -1)
(-2,-4)
(3,4) 5. (7.1) (4,0) (1,-8) (4,0)
(-1,0)
(0.1) (8.-3) (5,0) (2,-6) (3,-1)
LINE ENDs
(-3,4) (9.-7) LINE (1,-5) SHADE IN
2. (-7,1) ENDS
(-7,1) (8.-7) (-1,-5) LINE
(-8,4) ENDS
7. (1,0) (-2,-6)
LINE (7,-6)
(-9,7)
ENDS (2,-4) (-1,-8)
12. (-7,4)
(4,-9)
(-8, 10)
LINE (3, -6) SHADE IN (-7,9)
(1,-10)
(-7,10) ENDS (3,-7) LINE (-4,6)
(-1,-10)
(-5,9) 3. (-5,0) ENDS
(1,-8) (-4,5)
(-4,-9)
(-3,7) (-4,0) LINE 10. (4,6) (-6,3)
(-7,-6)
(-2,6) (-2,-1) ENDS
(7,9) (-7,4)
(-8,-7)
(0.7) (-4,-1) 8. (-4,-1) (7,5) SHADE IN
(-9,-6)
(2,6) (-5,0) (-4,0) (6,4) LINE
(-8,-2)
(3,7) LINE (-3,-1) ENDS
(4,5)
ENDS (-7,1)
(5.9)

What did you find out ? Coordinate Geometry also helps in ______.
Find the Coordinates
E.g. Write the coordinates of the
points marked on the axes.
Solution:
(i) The coordinates of A are (4, 0).
(ii) The coordinates of B are (0, 3).
(iii) The coordinates of C are (– 5, 0).
(iv) The coordinates of D are (0, – 4).
2
(v) The coordinates of E are ( , 0)
3

E.g. Locate the points (5, 0), (0, 5), (2, 5), (5, 2), (–3, 5), (–3, –5), (5, –3) and (6, 1) in the Cartesian
plane.
∆BOE
E.g. Write the coordinates of the points marked on the axes. Also find the area of right angled triangle

(i) The coordinates of A are (-4, 3). (v) The coordinates of F are (-3, -3)
(ii) The coordinates of B are (0, 6). (v) The coordinates of G are (0 ,−1)
(iii) The coordinates of C are (5, 6). (v) The coordinates of H are (4,−2)
(iv) The coordinates of D are (1, 2). (v) The coordinates of I are (3,−6)
(v) The coordinates of E are (- 6, 0)
1
Areaof ∆ BOE= ×base ×altitude
2
1
¿ ×6 × 6
2
¿ 18 units
ESSENTIALS
1. Write the signs convention of the coordinates of a point in the second quadrant.
2. Write the value of ordinate of all the points lie on x-axis.
3. Write the value of abscissa of all the points lie on y-axis.
4. If in coordinates of a point B(3, -2), signs of both coordinates are interchanged, then it will lie in
which quadrant ?
5. Find distances of points C(-3, -2) and D(5, 2) from x-axis and y-axis.
6. Find the values of x and y, if two ordered pairs (x – 3, – 6) and (4, x + y) are equal.
7. In which quadrant does the point (-1, 2) lie ?
8. Find the distance of the point (0, -5) from the origin.
9. Write the shape of the quadrilateral formed by joining (1, 1), (6, 1), (4, 5) and (3, 5) on graph
paper.
10. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle with length 6 cm and breadth 3 cm. O is the mid-point
of AB. Find the coordinates of A, B, C and D.
11. Write the coordinates of A, B, C and D from the figure given alongside.
12. A point lies on x-axis at a distance of 9 units from y-axis. What are its coordinates? What will
be the coordinates of a point, if it lies on y-axis at a distance of -9 units from x-axis ?
13. Plot the point P(2, -6) on a graph paper and from it draw PM and PN perpendiculars to x-axis
and y-axis respectively. Write the coordinates of the points M and N.
14. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they lie, if :
(i) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is – 3 (iii) abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is 3
(ii) abscissa is -5 and ordinate is – 3 (iv) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3
15. Plot the points A(1, 4), B(-2, 1) and C(4, 1). Name the figure so obtained on joining them in
order and also, find its area.
16. Plot the following points, join them in order and identify the figure thus formed : A(1, 3), B(1, -
1), C(7, -1) and D(7, 3)
17. Plot the points A(2, 5), B(8,5) and C(5, -3) and join AB, BC and CA. What figure do you obtain ?
18. (i) Plot the points M(4, 3), N(4, 0), 0(0, 0), P(0, 3).
(ii) Name the figure obtained by joining MNOP. (iii) Find the perimeter of the figure.
19. Plot the points A(3, 2), B(-2, 2), C(-2, -2) and D(3, -2) in the cartesian plane. Join these points
and name the figure so formed.