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MENSURATION -2D (THEORY)

The literal meaning of the word Mensuration Important Unit Coversion
is 'to measure'. It is a branch of mathematics
1 Kilometer (km) = 10 Hectometer
that deals withthe measurement of perimeter,
area and volume of the different geometrical 1 Hectometer = 10 Decametre
figures. 1 Decametre = 10 Metre (m)
1 metre = 10 Decimetre (dm)
{ks=kfefr 'kCn dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ^ekiuk*A ;g xf.kr dh
1 Decimetre = 10 centimetre (cm)
,d 'kk•k gS tks fofHkUu T;kferh; vkÑfr;ksa dh ifjf/] {ks=kiQy
1 centimetre = 10 milimetre (mm)
vkSj vk;ru ds eki ls lacaf/r gSA
1 Mile = 1760 Yard
The mensuration is divided in the following
1 Yard = 3 Feet
two parts :
1 Feet = 12 Inch
{ks=kfefr dks fuEufyf[kr nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k
1 Inch = 2.54 Centimetre (cm)
gS % 1 Feet = 0.3048 Metre
(i) Two-dimension mensuration 5 Mile = 8 Kilometre (km)
f}foeh; {ks=kfefr 1 Hectare = 10000 metre2 (m2)
(ii) Three-dimension mensuration 1 Cubic metre (m3) = 1000 Litre

f=kfoeh; {ks=kfefr 1 Litre = 1000 cubic cm (cm3)

In two-dimension mensuration we will study What is Area?/{ks=kiQy D;k gS\

the two-dimension figures (plane figures), like The area can be defined as the space
triangle, quadrilateral, polygon, circle etc. occupied by a flat shape or the surface of an
object.
f}foeh; {ks=kfefr esa ge f}foeh; vkÑfr;ksa (lery
The area of a figure is the number of unit
vkÑfr) tSls&f=kHkqt] prqHkqZt] cgqHkqt] o`Ùk vkfnsquares
dk vè;;uthat cover the surface of a closed figure.
djrs gSaA Area is measured in square units such as square
centimeters, square meter, etc.
In three-dimension mensuration we will
study the three-dimension figures like cube,
cuboid, cylinder, cone, frustum, sphere,
hemisphere, Prism, Pyramid etc.
f=kfoeh; {ks=kfefr esa ge f=kfoeh; vkÑfr;ksa tSls& ?ku]
?kukHk] csyu] 'kadq] fNÂd] xksyk] v¼Zxksyk] fçTe] fijkfeM
{ks=kiQy dks fdlh ,d piVs vkdkj ;k fdlh oLrq dh
vkfn dk vè;;u djrs gSaA lrg }kjk ?ksjs x;s LFkku ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk
In mensuration, Pythagorean triplets and ldrk gSA
divisibility tricks will be used. fdlh vkÑfr dk {ks=kiQy mldh can lrg }kjk ?ksjs x,
oxZ ek=kdksa
{ks=kfefr esa ge ikbFkkxksfj;u fVªiysV vkSj foHkkT;rk ds dh la[;k gSA {ks=kiQy dks oxZ ek=kdksa e
fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaxsA tkrk gS tSls dh oxZ lsaVhehVj] oxZehVj vkfnA
Perimeter/ifjeki {ks=kiQyf=kHkqt
% dk {ks=kiQy
D }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk
gS vkSj fuEufyf[kr rhu fof/;ksa }kjk Kkr fd;k tk
Perimeter can be defined as the path or the
boundary that surrounds a figure . It can also be ldrk gSA
defined as the length of the outline of a shape. (a) Area/{ks=kiQy
= s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)
Ex1. In ABC, AB = 21 cm, BC = 13 cm and
AC = 20 cm and AD is perpendicular to
BC, then find AD = ?
ABC esa]AB = 21 lseh]BC = 13 lseh vkSj
AC =
20 lseh gS vkSj
AD, BC ij yEc gS] rksAD = ?

ifjeki dks fdlh vkÑfr dks ?ksjus okys iFk ;k ifjlhekEx.2. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AB = 40 cm, BC
= 15 cm, CD = 28 cm and AD = 9 cm. If
ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls fdlh vkÑfr DAB = 90°, find the area of quadrilateral.
dh ifjlhek dh yackbZ ds :i esa Hkh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk prqHkqZt
ABCD esaAB = 40 lseh]BC = 15 lseh]
ldrk gSA CD = 28 lseh vkSj
AD = 9 lseh gSA ;fn
DAB =
90° gS rks prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA

r
Mensuration 2D
Ex.3. In a trapezium ABCD, AB || DC. If AB =

si
In this section, we will study the 25 cm, BC = 14 cm, CD = 10 cm & AD =
measurements of perimeter and area of figures 13 cm. Find the area of ABCD.
which lie on a plane.
an by
bl Hkkx esa ge ,d gh lery esa fLFkr vkÑfr;ksa ds
leyEc prqHkqZt
ABCD esa AB || DC gSA ;fn AB
= 25 lseh]BC = 14 lseh]CD = 10 lseh vkSj
AD

n
ifjeki ,oa {ks=kiQy dh eki dk vè;;u djsaxsA = 13 lseh gSA
ABCD dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
Triangle/ f=kHkqt 1 1
ja (b) Area = × base × height = ×b×h
R s
2 2
 A plane figure bounded by three lines is
a th

called a triangle.
rhu js[kkvksa ls f?kjs can vkÑfr f=kHkqt dgykrk gSA h
A
ty a

b
di M

or
B 1
C Area = × side × corresponding height
2
General properties of a triangle/ f=kHkqt ds lkekU; xq.k
1
 Let ABC be a triangle and a, b, c be its sides, = ×b×h
then 2
ekuk]ABC ,d f=kHkqt gS vkSj
a, b, c bldh Hkqtk,¡ gSa] rks
A
b
c b h
A

B a C
Ex.1 If AD = 10 cm, BC = 24 cm, AC = 20 cm,
(i) Perimeter/ ifjeki = a + b + c BE = ??
a+b+c A
(ii) Semi-perimeter (s)/ v¼Z&ifjeki=
2
It is denoted by s. E
(iii) Area : The area of a triangle is denoted by
the symbol D and can be calculated by the
following three methods : B C
D
Ex. 2. Area of 2 triangles are in the ratio 16 : (iv) A median of a side divides the side in two
25 and their altitudes are in the ratio 5 : part. Each triangle has three medians and
4. Find the ratio of their corresponding the point of intersection of the medians is
base? called the centroid and is denoted by G.
2 f=kHkqtksa ds {ks=kiQy ds eè; vuqikr 16%25 gSfdlh
vkSjHkqtk dh ekfè;dk] Hkqtk dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkk
muds 'kh"kZyacksa ds eè; vuqikr
4 gSA5%muds laxr djrh gSA izR;sd f=kHkqt esa rhu ekfè;dk,¡ gksrh gS vkS
vk/kjksa ds eè; vuqikr Kkr dhft,\ ekfè;dk dk izfrPNsn fcUnq dsUnzd dgykrk gS vkSj bls
1 1 G }kjk iznf'kZr djrs gSaA
(c) Area = × bc sinA = Area = × ca sinB
2 2 Each medians divides the area of triangle
1 in the equal parts.
= Area = × ab sinC
2 izR;sd ekfè;dk f=kHkqt ds {ks=kiQy dks cjkcj Hkkxksa
A foHkkftr djrh gSA
Let the area of a triangle ABC be , then
c b ;fn DABC dk {ks=kiQy
D gks] rks
(a) If AD is a median, then

r
B a C A

si
Ex. If 2 sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 20
cm, what can be the maximum area of
triangle?
an by
;fn f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ 12 lseh vkSj
Δ
2
Δ
2

n
20 lseh gS] rks f=kHkqt dk vf/dre {ks=kiQy D;k gks B D C
ldrk gS\ (b) If G is centroid then
ja
R s
 If 2 sides of  are given then maximum A
area is always of a Right Angled Triangle.
a th

;fn f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtk,a nh xbZ gSa] rks vf/dre Δ Δ

{ks=kiQy ges'kk ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt dk gksxk] 3 3
Δ
If a , b are two sides of a triangle 3
ty a

1 B C
Max Area = ab (c) If G is centroid, then
2
di M

A
Ex. In the given figure, PQRS is a square of
side 8 cm. PQO = 60°, What is the area Δ Δ
(in cm2) of the triangle POQ? 6 6
Δ Δ
nh xbZ vkÑfr esa
PQRS ,d 8 lseh Hkqtk okyh oxZ gSA 6
G
6
PQO = 60° gS] f=kHkqt
POQ dk {ks=kiQy (oxZ lseh
Δ Δ
6 6
esa) D;k gS\ B C
(v) The inradius or radius of a circle inscribed
P Q
in a ABC is denoted by r.
var% f=kT;kABC
;k ds vanj cus o`Ùk dh f=kT;kr dks
}kjk iznf'kZr djrs gSaA

A

Inradius (r) =
S
A
O

R S r
SSC CGL-2017, Tier II, 18.02.2018] r

(a) 32 3 (b) 24   3  – 1 r

B C
(c) 48   3  – 1 (d) 16  3 –  3  Here, O is incentre./;gk¡ O var%dsUnz gSA
Ex. Find the in-radius of triangle whose sides (c) Let a triangle PQR is formed by joining the
are 13 cm, 21 cm and 20 cm. mid-points of the sides of ABC, then again
f=kHkqt dh var%f=kT;k Kkr dhft, ftldh Hkqtkvksa dh
a XYZ is formed by joining the mid-points
fo the sides of PQR, if this process continue
yackbZ 13 lseh] 21 lseh vkSj 20 lseh gSA
till infinite, then
(vi) The circumradius or radius of a circle
circumscribed the DABC is denoted by R. eku yhft, fd DABC dh Hkqtkvksa ds eè;&fcanqvksa dks
ifjf=kT;k ;kDABC ds ifjr% cuh o`Ùk dh f=kT;k dks feykus ls ,d f=kHkqt
PQR curk gS] fiQjPQR dh
R }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkqtkvksa ds eè;&fcanqvksa dks feykdj
DXYZ ,d
curk
abc gS] ;fn ;g çfØ;k vuar rd pyrh jgs] rks
Circumradius (R) =
4Δ (i) The area of all triangles/lHkh f=kHkqtksa dk
A {ks=kiQy
4
= × Area of ABC
3
O (ii) The perimeter of all triangles/lHkh f=kHkqtksa
dk ifjeki = 2 × Perimeter of ABC

r
B C A

si
Here, O is circumcentre.

(vii)
an by
;gk¡]O ifjdsUnz gSA
The perimeter and the area of a triangle
P Z R

n
made by joining the mid-points of the sides X Y
will be half of original perimeter and one-

ja
fourth of the original area respectively. B C
R s
Q
Hkqtkvksa ds eè;&fcanqvksa dks feykus ls cus f=kHkqt dk
Equilateral Triangle
a th

ifjeki vkSj {ks=kiQy Øe'k% ewy ifjeki dk vk/k vkSj

ewy {ks=kiQy dk ,d&pkSFkkbZ gksxkA  If the length of all sides of a triangle is equal,
If P, Q and R be the mid-point of AB, BC then the triangle is called an equilateral
ty a

and AC, respectively, then triangle.

;fn P, Q vkSjR Øe'k% Hkqtkvksa
AB, BC vkSjAC ds ;fn f=kHkqt dh lHkh Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ cjkcj gks] rk
f=kHkqt leckgq dgykrh gSA
di M

eè; fcUnq gks] rks

A  If ABC be an equilateral triangle and one
side = a, then
;fn DABC ,d leckgq f=kHkqt gS vkSj bldh ,d Hkqtk
a
P R
gks] rks
A
B C
Q
(a) The perimeter of DPQR
a a
1
= × Perimeter of triangle ABC
2
A

(b) If the area of ABC is , then B C

a
A
3a
(i) Seimi-perimeter (s) =
 2
4 R
P 3a
(ii) Height (h) =
 2
 
4
4 4 3 2 h2
B C (iii) Area = a =
Q 4 3
Ex.1. If height of equilateral triangle = 12 cm,  In equilateral 
Find area of equilateral triangle. If r = inradius (var%f=kT;k)
;fn leckgq f=kHkqt dh ÅapkbZ ¾ 12 lseh gS] rks leckgq
R = circumradius (ifjf=kT;k)
f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy Kkr dhft,A S = Side of equilateral triangle

(iv) (a) Inradius (r) =

a
=
h (leckgq f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡)
2 3 3
πa2
(b) Area of the incircle =
12
a
(v) (a) Circumradius (R) =
3
a 2 2h
(b) Area of circumcircle = =
3 3
(vi) Ratio of the areas of the circumcircle and
the incircle = 4 : 1
ifjf=kT;k ,oa var%f=kT;k ds {ks=kiQyksa
= 4dk
: 1vuqikr r

r
(vii) If the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn (i) Find :
R

si
from a point inside an equilateral triangle
t o i t s si des are P1, P2 and P3, then Area of incircle
(ii)
an by
;fn fdlh leckgq f=kHkqt ds vanj fdlh fcUnq ls bldh
Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x, yacksa dh
P1,yackbZ
P2 vkSjP3 gks] rks
Area of circumcircle
(iii) Find the ratio of r : S : R

n
3a  Side of bigger equilateral triangle/cM+s leckgq
(a) P1 + P2 + P3 = = h (height)
2 f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk
(T1) = S1

ja
(b) Area of the equilateral triangle
R s
Side of smaller equilateral triangle/NksVs leckgq
(P1 + P2 +P3 )2
f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk
(T2) = S2
a th

=
3
Ex.2. From any point inside an equilateral
triangle, the lengths of perpendiculars on
the sides are a cm, b cm and c cm. Its
ty a

area (in cm2) is :

;fn fdlh leckgq f=kHkqt ds vanj fdlh fcUnq ls
di M

bldh Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x, yacksa dha yackbZ

lseh,
b lsehvkSjc lsehgks] rks
bldk {ks=kiQy (oxZ lseh-
esa) gS % S1
(i) S =
2 3 2
(a) (a + b + c) (b) (a + b + c)2
3 3
Area of T1
(ii) Area of T =
3 2 2
(c) (a + b + c) (d) (a + b + c)2
3 3 Ex. In equilateral triangle/leckgq f=kHkqt esa
Ex.3. If the length of the three perpendiculars
from a point in the interior of an Area of orange region = ?
A

equilateral triangle to the sides are 4 cm, Area of blue region

5 cm and 6 cm, then find the area of the
triangle.
;fn fdlh leckgq f=kHkqt ds vUnj fLFkr fdlh fcanq
ls f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ij •haps x;s yEc dh yEckb;ka
4 lseh] 5 lseh vkSj 6 lseh gks] rks f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy
Kkr djsaA
(a) 50 3 cm2 (b) 75 3 cm2
(c) 225 cm2 (d) 100 cm2
Ex.1. If side of an equilateral triangle is 12 cm. Ex.4. ABC is an equilateral triangle (leckgq f=kHkqt)
Find the area of shaded region. DE || BC & MN || DE.
;fn ,d leckgq f=kHkqt dh ,d Hkqtk 12 lseh gSA A
Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA

M N

D E

r
R B C

DE 2 MN 3
If  ,  , then
BC 3 DE 4

Ex.2. In equilateral triangle/leckgq f=kHkqt esa Area of  AMN

=?
Area of  ABC
Radius of smaller circle

r
=? Ex.5. The difference between the area of the
Radius of bigger er circle
circumscribed circle and the area of the

si
inscribed circle of an equilateral triangle
is 2156 sq. cm. What is the area of the
an by equilateral triangle?
fdlh leckgq f=kHkqt ds ifjo`Ùk vkSj var%o`Ùk ds

n
{ks=kiQyksa dk varj 2156 oxZ lseh gSA leckgq f=kHk
dk {ks=kiQy D;k gS\
ja
R s
(a) 686 3 (b) 1000
a th

(c) 961 2 (d) 650 3

Ex.6. In the given figure ABC is a right angle
 ABC is an equilateral triangle (leckgq f=kHkqt) triangle where AB = 6 and BC = 8. D is
ty a

the centre of in-circle. Equilateral triangle

& DE || BC, then ADE is also equilateral.
PQR is inscribed in circle. Find the area
of shaded portion.
di M

A
nh xbZ vkÑfr esa
ABC ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS] AB
= 6, BC = 8, D var%o`Ùk dk dsaæ gS] leckgq f=kHkqt
PQR dks var% o`Ùk ds Hkhrj cuk;k x;k gSA Nk;kafdr
D E
Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsa\

A
B C

Ex.3. ABC is an equilateral triangle, P and Q are P

two points on AB and AC respectively
such that PQ ||BC. If PQ = 5 cm, then
A

area of APQ is: D

ABC ,d leckgq f=kHkqt gSA Pfcanq
vkSjQ Øe'k% Q
AB rFkkAC ij bl rjg fLFkr gSa fd PQ||BC, S R
APQ dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA B C
25 25
(a) cm2 (b) cm2 3
4 3 (a) 2 3 (b)
4
25 3 3
(c) cm2 (d) 25 3 cm2 (c) (d) 3
4 2
Ex.7. If corners of equilateral triangle are cut Regular Hexagon
to form a regular hexagon.
;fn ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds dksus ,d le"kV~Hkqt cukus
 6 sided regular polygon is called as Regular
ds fy, dkV fn, tk;saA Hexagon.
6 Hkqtkvksa okys lecgqHkqt dks le"kVHkqt dgrs gSaA
120º 120º

120º 120º

120º 120º

 Regular Hexagon is made up of 6 equilateral

Ex.8. Find the area of the hexagon formed after
.
cutting the corners of the sides of an
equilateral triangle of side 9 cm: le"kV~Hkqt 6 leckgq f=kHkqtksa ls curk gSA

r
9 lseh Hkqtk ds ,d leckgq f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dks
fdukjs ls dkVus ij cus "kVHkqt dk {ks=kiQy Kkr

si
dhft;s\

(a)
2 3 an by
n
2
 Area and Perimeter of Regular Hexagon
29 3
(b) le"kV~Hkqt dk {ks=kiQy ,oa ifjeki
2
ja
R s
If side of Regular Hexagon is ‘S’
27 3 Perimeter of Regular Hexagon = 6S
a th

(c)
2
3 3 2
Area of Regular Hexagon = S
20 3 2
(d)
2 3
ty a

Ex.9. In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle  Inradius of Regular Hexagon = S

2
and triangle AFE and triangle EFC are le"kV~Hkqt dh var%f=kT;k
di M

equilateral triangles. If the area of

triangle BEC is 8 3 cm2, what is the area
of the complete rectangle?
fn, x, fp=k esa]ABCD ,d vk;r vkSj f=kHkqt
AFE vkSj f=kHkqt
EFC leckgq f=kHkqt gSaA ;fn f=kHkqt
BEC dk {ks=kiQy8 3 oxZ lseh gS rks laiw.kZ vk;r
dk {ks=kiQy D;k gS\
 Circumdius of Regular Hexagon = S
A E B
le"kV~Hkqt dh ifjf=kT;k
A

D F C
(a) 12 3
(b) 36
(c) 48 3  Number of Diagonals in Regular Hexagon
(d) None of these le"kV~Hkqt esa fod.kks± dh
= 9la[;k
 Shorter & Longer Diagonals of Regular
Area of Shaded Region
Hexagon Ex.4. =?
Area of Regular Hexagon
le"kV~Hkqt ds NksVs ,oa cM+s fod.kks± dh la[;k
E D

F C

A B
Shorter Diagonal – AC, BD, CE, DF, EA, FB
Longer Diagonal – AD, BE, CF Area of Shaded Region
Ex.5. =?
Area of Regular Hexagon
 Length of shorter Diagonals of Regular

r
Hexagon/le"kV~Hkqt ds NksVs fod.kZ=dh 3S
yackbZ

si
 Length of longer Diagonals of Regular
Hexagon/le"kV~Hkqt ds cM+s fod.kZ dh yackbZ
= 2S

Ex.1. an by
Area of Shaded Region
Area of Regular Hexagon
=?

n
ja
R s
Ex.6. In the given figure, ABCDEF is a regular
a th

hexagon whose side is 12 cm. What is the

shaded area (in cm2)?
fn, x, fp=k esa]ABCDEF ,d le"kV~Hkqt gS ftldh
Hkqtk 12 lseh gSA Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy
2
(lseh
ty a

Area of Shaded Region esa) Kkr djsaA

Ex.2. =?
di M

Area of Regular Hexagon

B C

A D

F E

(a) 54 3 (b) 36 3
Area of Shaded Region
A

Ex.3. =? (c) 48 3 (d) 52 3

Area of Regular Hexagon
Ex.7. In the given figure, ABCDEF is a regular
hexagon whose side is 6 cm. APQ, QAB,
CDR and DES are equilateral triangles.
What is the shaded area (in cm2)?
fn, x, fp=k esa]ABCDEF ,d le"kV~Hkqt gS ftldh
Hkqtk 6 lseh gSA
APF, QAB, DCR rFkkDES leckgq
f=kHkqt gSA Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy
2
esa) Kkr
(lseh
djsaA
 P Q
Area of Shaded Region
Ex.1. =?
Area of Regular Octagon
A
F E

F B G D

H C

E C

A B

r
D Area of Shaded Region
Ex.2. =?

si
Area of Regular Octagon

S
(a) 24 3 an by(b) 18 3
R F E

n
(c) 72 3 (d) 36 3 G D

ja
R s
Regular Oactagon
a th

 8 sided regular polygon is called as Regular

Octagon. H C
8 Hkqtkvksa okys lecgqHkqt dks lev"VHkqt dgrs gSaA
ty a

A B
135º
di M

135º 135º Ex.3. In the given fig., A square IJKL is

inscribes a regular octagon. If the
diagonal of the square is 20 cm, what is
135º 135º the area of shaded region?
fn, x, fp=k esa] ,d oxZ IJKL dks ,d v"BHkqt
135º 135º ds varxZr cuk;k x;k gSA ;fn oxZ ds fod.kZ dh
135º yEckbZ 20 lseh gks rks Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy
Kkr dhft;sA
 Regular Hexagon is made up of 8 isosceles .
F E
le"kV~Hkqt 8 lef}ckgq f=kHkqtksa ls curk gSA
L K
A

G D

H C

I J

A B
Ex.4. If the corners of a square of side 10 cm (v) If AD be a perpendicular on the unequal
are cut to form a REGULAR OCTAGON. side, then AD divides ABC in two
Find the side of the REGULAR OCTAGON. congurent right-angled triangle.
;fn 10 lseh Hkqtk okys ,d oxZ ds dksus ,d ;fn AD vleku Hkqtk ij yac gks rks
AD f=kHkqt
ABC
lev"VHkqt cukus ds fy, dkV fn, tkrs gSaA dks nks ledks.k lok±xle f=kHkqtksa esa foHkkftr djrh gS
lev"VHkqt dh Hkqtk Kkr djsaA A

a a
h

B C
b b
2 2
Ex.5. If corners of a rectangle of sides 6 & 8
b
cm, are cut to form a OCTAGON (whose (a) BD = DC =
2

r
all sides are equal). Find the side of the
OCTAGON. (b) ABD  ACD

si
;fn 6 vkSj 8 lseh Hkqtk okys ,d vk;r ds dksusEx.1. If for an isosceles triangle the length of
,d v"VHkqt (ftldh lHkh Hkqtk,a cjkcj gSa) cukus each equal side is ‘a’ units and that of the

djsaA
an by
ds fy, dkV fn, tkrs gSa] v"VHkqt dh Hkqtk Kkr third side is ‘b’ units, then its area will
be:

n
;fn ,d lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dh çR;sd leku Hkqtk dh
yEckbZ 'a' bdkbZ gS vkSj rhljh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ
'b'

ja bdkbZ gS] rks mldk {ks=kiQy D;k gksxk\

R s
a th

a
(a) 4b 2  a 2 sq. units
4
a
(b) 2a 2  b 2 sq. units
Isosceles Triangle
ty a

2
 If exactly two sides of a triangle are equal, b
4a 2  b 2 sq. units
di M

then the triangle is called an isosceles (c)

4
triangle.
b
;fn fdlh f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gks] rks f=kHkqt
(d) a 2  2b 2 sq. units
2
lef}ckgq dgykrk gSA
Ex.2. Find the area of an isosceles triangle
 If ABC be an isosceles triangle such that
whose sides are 8 cm, 5 cm and 5 cm.
AB = AC = a and BC = b then,
lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy Kkr dhft;s ftldh Hkqtk,a
;fn ABC ,d lef}ckgq f=kHkqt bl çdkj gks AB
fd
dh yEckbZ Øe'k% 8 lseh] 5 lseh vkSj 5 lseh gSA
= AC = a vkSjBC = b gS] rks
(a) 12 cm 2 (b) 15 cm2
A 2
(c) 18 cm (d) 20 cm2
Ex.3. The Altitude drawn to the base of an
A

a a isosceles is 95 cm and the perimeter is

38 cm. Find the area of the isosceles
triangle.
B C ,d lef}ckgq ds vk/kj ij Mkyk tkus okyk yEc
b
(i) AB = AC = a 95 lseh gS vkSj vkSj bldk ifjeki 38 lseh gSA
(ii) B = C lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy Kkr dhft,A
(iii) Perimeter = 2a + b (a) 6 95 cm2 (b) 12 95 cm2
b
(iv) Area = 4a 2 – b 2 (c) 14 95 cm2 (d) 7 95 cm2
4
Ex.4. ABC is an isosceles right triangle and AC (i) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
is its hypotenuse. The area of the square or, p2 + b2 = h2
drawn on hypotenuse as side is 128 cm2.
What is the sum of areas of equilateral p= h2  b2 , b = h 2  p 2 and
triangles drawn on AB and BC as sides?
h = p2  b2
ABC ,d lef}ckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt gS vkSj
AC bldk
Note :
fod.kZ gSA fod.kZ dks Hkqtk ekudj bl ij cuk, (i)
x, Use pythagorean triplets
oxZ dk {ks=kiQy 128 oxZ lsa-eh-AB vkSj
gSABC (ii) Perimeter = p + b + h
Hkqtkvksa ij cuk, x, leckgq f=kHkqtksa ds {ks=kiQyksa dk
1
;ksx D;k gS\ (iii) Area of the triangle = ×p×b
2
(a) 32 2 cm2 (b) 32 3 cm2
p b h
(c) 32 cm2 (d) 64 cm2 (iv) Inradius (r) =
2
Ex.5. If the perimeter of an isosceles right
 Perimeter  Base  Hypotenuse 
 
triangle is 16 2  16 cm, then the area = 2 
of the triangle is:

r
h  Hypotenuse 
;fn ,d lef}ckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt dk ifjeki (v) Circumradius (R) = =
2  2 

si
16 
2  16 lseh gS] rks f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy D;k gksxk\ A
(a) 32 2 cm2
(c) 32 cm2
an by
(b) 32 3 cm2
(d) 64 cm2

n
Ex.6. The ratio of length of each equal side and p
the third side of an isosceles triangle is

ja
R s
3 : 4. If the area of the triangle is 18 5
square units, the third side is:
a th

B a C
fdlh lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dh cjkcj Hkqtk esa ls ,d
rFkk vleku Hkqtk dk vuqikr 3 % 4 gS | ;fn(vi) If triangle is isosceles right angle, then two
sides will be equal and hypotenuse
f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy
18 5 oxZ bdkbZ gks] rc rhljh ;fn f=kHkqt lef}ckgq ledks.k gks] rks nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj
ty a

Hkqtk Kkr djsa

gksaxh vkSj d.kZ
= 2 × equal side
di M

(a) 16 units (b) 5 10 units

Area of Largest Square inside a Triangle
(c) 8 2 units (d) 12 units
 Side of Largest Square inside a Triangle
whose base is ‘B’ and height is ‘H’
Right-Angled Triangle fdlh f=kHkqt ds vanj lcls cM+s oxZ dh Hkqtk] ftldk
 The triangle in which one of the angle is BH
right angle. If ABC be a right-angled triangle vk/kj B vkSj Å¡pkbZ
H gks=
BH
which is right-angled at B, then AB = p, BC
= b and AC = h.
,slk f=kHkqt ftldk ,d dks.k ledks.k gks]ABC ,d
ledks.k f=kHkqt gS]
B ij
tks
ledks.k gS] rksAB = p, BC
= b vkSjAC = h gSA
A

A
 Side of Largest square inside a right angled
triangle whose sides are : b, p, h Where, h is
b hypotenuse of the triangle
p
ledks.k f=kHkqt ds vanj lcls cM+s oxZ dh Hkqtk] ftldh
Hkqtk,¡
b, p, h gksa] tgk¡
h f=kHkqt dk d.kZ gS
b . p.h
C =
B h b  p 2  bp
2
 C
E

D
F

B G A
Ex.5. There are two square S1 and S2 inscribed
Ex.1. In a right angled triangle ABC, AB = 12 in a triangle whose sides are PQ = 21 cm,
cm and AC = 15 cm. A square is inscribed PR = 13 cm and RQ = 20 cm as shown in
in a triangle. One of the vertices of square the figure. Find the side of smaller
coincides with vertex of triangle. What is square.
t he maximum possi ble area (i n cm 2) of the
square?
fdlh f=kHkqt ds vanj nks SoxZ
1
rFkkS2 cus gq, gSa
ftldh Hkqtk,¡PQ = 21 lseh]PR = 13 lseh vkSj
,d ledks.k f=kHkqtABC esaAB = 12 lseh rFkk

r
RQ = 20 lseh gSA NksVs oxZ dh Hkqtk Kkr dhft,A
AC ¾ 15 lseh gSA f=kHkqt ds Hkhrj ,d oxZ cuk
R

si
R
gqvk gSA oxZ ds 'kh"kks± esa ls ,d f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ ls
Li'kZ djrk gSA oxZ dk vf/dre laHko {ks=kiQy
2
(lseh
esa) D;k gS\ an by
Ex.2. An equilateral triangle of side 12 cm is

n
drawn. What is the area (in cm2) of the
largest square which can be drawn inside
it?
ja
R s
12 lseh Hkqtk okyk ,d leckgq f=kHkqt cuk;k x;kA P Q
a th

blesa cuk;s tk ldus okys lcls cM+s oxZ dk {ks=kiQy

Ex.6. Find the area of shaded region.
(lseh2 esa) D;k gS\ Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
Ex.3. A square ABCD is constructed inside a C
ty a

triangle PQR of sides PR=13 cm, PQ=20

cm and QR = 21 cm. Find the side of
square ABCD.
di M

,d f=kHkqtPQR, ftldh Hkqtk,aPR = 13 lseh]

PQ = 20 lseh vkSjQR = 21 lseh gS] ds vUnj B A
,d oxZ ABCD cuk;k x;k gSA oxZ
ABCD dh Hkqtk
Kkr dhft;sA Ex.7. In the given figure, 3 semicircles are
drawn on three sides or triangle ABC. AB
= 21 cm, AC = 28 cm and BC = 35 cm.
What is the area (in cm2) of the shaded
A part?
B
nh x;h vkÑfr esa] f=kHkqt
ABC dh rhuks Hkqtkvksa
ij 3 v¼Zo`Ùk cuk;s x, gSaA
AB = 21 cm, AC =
28 cm rFkkBC = 35 cm gSA Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk
A

R {ks=kiQy (lseh
2
) esa D;k gS\
P
D C A
Ex.4. In the given figure, DEFG is a square and
BAC = 90°. If BD = 16 cm and EC = 9
cm, then find DE.
nh x;h vkÑfr esaDEFG ,d oxZ vkSj BAC =
90° gSA ;fnBD = 16 lseh vkSjEC = 9 lseh gS B C
(a) 588 (b) 324
rksDE Kkr djsaA (c) 294 (d) 286
Ex.8. In the fig., ABC is a right-angled triangle, Ex.11. If AC = 12 cm, BD = 8 cm Find the area
B = 90o, AB = 28 cm and BC = 21 cm. of triangle.
With AC as diameter, a semi-circle is ;fn AC = 12 lseh]BD = 8 lseh gS] rks f=kHkqt dk
drawn and with BC as radius a quarter
{ks=kiQy Kkr dhft,A
circle is drawn. Find the area of the
shaded region. C
fp=k esa]
ABC ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS]
B = 90o,
AB = 28 lseh vkSj
BC = 21 lseh gSA
AC dks O;kl
ekurs gq, ,d v¼Zo`Ùk [khapk x;k gSBCvkSj
dks H
f=kT;k ekurs gq, ,d prqFkk±l o`Ùk [khapk x;k gSA
Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
A

B A

Circle (o`Ùk)
28 cm

r
Basics of Circle (o`Ùk ds ewyHkwr fl¼kar)

si
an by
n
B C
21 cm
uksV % C

ja
R s
 (o`Ùk dk {ks=kiQy)
Area of Circle = p r2
Circumference of Circle (o`Ùk dh ifjf/) = 2p r
a th

H r 2
 Area of Semi-circle (o`Ùk dk {ks=kiQy)
=
2
 Circumference of Semi-circle (o`Ùk dh ifjf/)
ty a

= p r + 2r
di M

B A
H2
Area of right angle triangle = sin2q
4
Where, H  Hypotenuse (d.kZ) and, D 
Ex.1. If circumference of a semi-circle is 72 cm,
one of the acute angle of right angle
then find its area.
triangle.
;fn ,d v¼Zo`Ùk dh ifjf/ 72 lseh gS] rks bldk
ledks.k f=kHkqt dk dksbZ ,d U;wudks.k gSA
{ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
Ex.9. One of the angles of a right-angled
triangle is 15o and the hypotenuse is 1 m.  Area of quadrant of circle
The area of the triangle (in sq. cm.) is 1
o`Ùk ds prqFkk±'k dk {ks=kiQy
= r 2
ledks.k f=kHkqt ds dks.kksa esa ls ,d dks.k
rFkk
A

15° 4
f=kHkqt dk d.kZ 1 eh gSA {ks=kiQy fdruk  gksxk
Circumference of quadrant of circle
(lseh esa)
2 r
o`Ùk ds prqFkk±'k dk ifjf/
= + 2r
(a) 1220 (b) 1250 2
(c) 1200 (d) 1215
Ex.10.If hypotenuse of a right angle D is 10 cm.
What can be its maximum area? r
;fn fdlh ledks.k f=kHkqt dk d.kZ 10 lseh gS] rks
mldk vf/dre {ks=kiQy D;k gks ldrk gS\
r
Sector of a circle (o`Ùk dk f=kT;[kaM) ,d y?kq pki AB ,d o`Ùk ds dsaæ esa
75° dk dks.k
cukrh gSA ;fn o`Ùk ds nh?kZ o`Ùk•aM dk {ks=kiQ
43-89 oxZ lseh gS] rks bls v¼Zo`Ùk cukus ds fy,
gesa nh?kZ o`Ùk•aM ds fdrus {ks=kiQy dks dkVuk pkfg
(a) 11.55 cm2 (b) 16.17 cm2
2
(c) 13.73 cm (d) None of these
Ex.5. In the given figure OAB is an equilateral
A B triangle and OCD is a sector. What
percent of area of sector OCD is the area
of ABCD?
r 2 
 Area of sector/f=kT;[kaM dk {ks=kiQy
= nh xbZ vkÑfr esa
OAB ,d leckgq f=kHkqt gS vkSj
360º
OCD ,d o`Ùk&•aM gSA o`Ùk&•aM
OCD dk {ks=kiQy
Ex.2. The area of a sector of a circle with
central angle 60° is A. The circumference ABCD ds {ks=kiQy dk fdruk çfr'kr gS\
of the circle is C. Then A is equal to: O
dsaæh; dks.k 60° okys ,d o`Ùk ds o`Ùk•.M

r
dk{ks=kiQyAgSAo`ÙkdhifjfèkCgS]rksAfuEu

mc

20
esalsfdldscjkcjgksxk\

12

si cm
c2 c2
(a)
6
c2
an by
(b)
18 
c2
B A

n
(c) (d)
24  4 C D

ja 2 r 
R s
 Length of the Arc AB (l ) =
360º  54 3 
a th

pki AB dh yackbZ (a) 100 –   %

 
 150 3 
(b)  200 –  %
 
ty a

(c) (100 – p)%

di M

150 3
(d) %
A B 
1
 Area of Sector/ f=kT;[kaM dk {ks=kiQy
= lr
Ex.3. A road construction company is making 2
road between Jaipur and Ajmer. At one Ex.6. If length of the arc = 6 cm and radius of
place, it has to turn the road at 55° in the circle = 5 cm. Find area of sector of a
distance of 121 m. If the company wants circle.
to turn the road in circle pattern, what ;fn pki dh yEckbZ= 6 lseh vkSj f=kT;k
= 5 lseh
radius should be used? gksA o`Ùk ds f=kT;•aM dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
,d lM+d fuekZrk daiuh t;iqj vkSj vtesj ds chp
Segment of a Circle (o`Ùk[kaM)
,d lM+d cuk jgh gSA ,d txg ij] lM+d dks 121
ehVj dh nwjh ij55° eksM+uk gksxkA ;fn daiuh  bl Chord of a circle divides a circle in 2
A

lM+d dks o`Ùkh; Lo:i esa cnyuk pkgrh gS] rks blesasegments.
ç;ksx dh xbZ f=kT;k fdruh gksuh pkfg,\ o`Ùk dh thok fdlh o`Ùk dks nks o`Ùk[kaMksa esa ck¡Vrh
(a) 242 m (b) 252 m
(c) 121 m (d) 126 m
Ex.4. A minor arc AB formed an angle of 75° at
the center of a circle. If the area of major
sector of the circle is 43.89 cm2, then
what area of major sector we will have to
cut to make it a semi-circle?
Area of segment (f=kT;[kaM dk {ks=kiQy) Some Useful Results (dqN mi;ksxh ifj.kke)
 Area of sector = Area of DAOB
(i) If two circles touch internally, then the
f=kT;[kaM dk {ks=kiQy
= f=kHkqt
AOB dk {ks=kiQy distance between their centres is equal to
r 2  1 2 the difference of their radii.
=  r sin 
360º 2 ;fn nks o`Ùk vkrafjd :i ls Li'kZ djsa] rks muds dsUæksa
Ex.7. Find the area of the segment of a circle, ds chp dh nwjh mudh f=kT;kvksa ds varj ds cjkcj
given that the angle of the sector is 120° gksrh gSA
and the radius of the circle is 21 cm.
(Take p = 22/7)
,d o`Ùk•aM dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsa] fn;k x;k gS fd
o`Ùk•aM dk dks.k
120° vkSj o`Ùk dh f=kT;k 21 lseh
O O¢
gSAp(dk eku ¾ 22@7 ysa)
Ex.8. Two identical circles each of radius 2 cm
intersect each other such that the
circumference of each one passes through

r
the centre of the other. What is the area
(i n cm 2) of the intersecting region? Radius of bigger circle/nh?kZ o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
=R

si
nks le:i o`Ùkksa dh f=kT;k 2 lseh gS tks ,d nwljs Radius of smaller circle/y?kq o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
=r
dks bl çdkj çfrPNsn djrs gS fd mudh ifjf/ ,d

{ks=kiQy (lseh
2
an by
nwljs ds dsaæ ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA çfrPNsfnr {ks=k
esa) D;k gksxk\
dk
OO¢ = R – r
Ex.9. Two circles touch each other internally,

n
if the sum of the areas of two circles is
8 8 116p cm2 and the distance between their
(a) 2 3 (b)  3 centres is 6 cm. Find the radius of both
3
ja 3
R s
the circles.
4 4
(c)  3 (d) 2 3 nks o`Ùk vUr% Li'kZ djrs gSa | buds {ks=kiQyksa
a th

3 3
;ksxiQy 116
p oxZ lseh rFkk buds dsUæksa ds chp dh
 Length of chord of a circle/ (o`Ùk dh thok dh
nwjh 6 lseh gS | o`Ùkksa dh f=kT;k,¡ Kkr dhft;s
yackbZ)
ty a
di M

O O¢
r r

 Area eclosed by two concentric circle

(ii) If two circles touch externally, then the
(nks ladsUnzh; o`Ùkksa }kjk ?ksjk x;k {ks=kiQy)
distance between their centres is equal to
the sum of their radii.
;fn nks o`Ùk oká :i ls Li'kZ djsa] rks muds dsUæksa ds
chp dh nwjh mudh f=kT;kvksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
R
A

O O¢
If R and r are radii of two concentric circles,
then
;fn R vkSjr nks ladsUnzh; o`Ùkksa dh f=kT;k,¡ gSa] rks
Area enclosed by two circle = pR2 – pr2 Radius of bigger circle/nh?kZ o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
=R
nks o`Ùkksa }kjk ?ksjk x;k {ks=kiQy
= p(R2 – r2) Radius of smaller circle/y?kq o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
=r
= p(R + r)(R – r) OO¢ = R + r
Ex.10.Two circles touch externally. The sum of 1
their areas is 130p sq. cm and the = ×,d fod.kZ × (nwljs 'kh"kks± ls bl fod.kZ ij
2
distance between their centres is 14 cm. Mkys x, yEcksa dk ;ksxiQy)
Find the radii of the circles. (iii) Area of the quadrilateral formed by joining
nks o`Ùk cká :i ls Li'kZ djrs gSaA muds {ks=kiQyksathe
dk mid-points of the adjacent sides will
; ksx 130p oxZ lseh gS vkSj muds dsUæksa ds chp dh be the half of the original quadrilateral.
nwjh 14 lseh gSA o`Ùkksa dh f=kT;k,¡ Kkr dhft;sA prqHkqZt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa ds eè; fcUnqvksa dks feykus
(iii) Distance moved by a rotating wheel in one cuus okys prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQy ewy prqHkqZt ds {ks=
revolution is equal to the circumference dk vk/k gksrk gSA
of the wheel.
Ex.1. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AC = 12 cm. If
,d ?kwers gq, ifg;s }kjk ,d pDdj esa r; dh x;h length of the perpendiculars drawn from
nwjh o`Ùk dh ifjf/ ds cjkcj gSA B and D to line AC are 5 cm and 7 cm,
(iv) The number of revolutions completed by the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is :
a rotating wheel in one minute fdlh prqHkqZtABCD esa] AC = 12 lseh gSA ;fn
B
,d ?kwers gq, ifg;s }kjk ,d feuV esa iwjs fd;s x;s rFkkD ls fod.kZAC ij Mkys x, yEcksa dh yackb;ka
pDdjksa dh la[;k 5 lseh vkSj
7 lseh gks] rks prqHkqZt
ABCD dk {ks=kiQy

r
Distance moved in one minute gS %

si
Circumference (a) 60 cm2 (b) 72 cm2
Ex.11.A car has wheels which are 80 cm in (c) 144 cm 2
(d) 90 cm2

an by
diameter. How many complete revolutions
does each wheel make in 10 min. when
Ex.2. Find the area of the quadrilaterl formed
by joining the mid-points of the sides of

n
the car is travelling at a speed of 66 km the quadrilateral of area 160 cm2.
per hour?
160 oxZ lseh {ks=kiQy ds fdlh prqHkqZt dh Hkqtkvks
,d dkj ds ifg;ksa dk O;kl 80 lseh gSA çR;sd ifg;k
ja ds eè; fcUnqvksa dks feykus ls cuh prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQ
R s
10 feuV esa fdrus iw.kZ pDdj yxkrk gS] tc dkj
Kkr dhft,A
66 fdeh çfr ?kaVs dh pky ls py jgh gSA
a th

(a) 60 cm2 (b) 80 cm2

Quadraliteral (c) 72 cm2 (d) 100 cm2

A plane figure bounded by four lines is Square

ty a


called a quadraliteral.
 A quadrilateral in which all sides are equal
pkj js[kkvksa ls f?kjs can lery vkÑfr dks prqHkqZtand each angle is 90º, the quadrilateral is
di M

dgrs gSaA called a square.

General Properties of a quadrilateral ,slk prqHkqZt ftldh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gksa vkSj çR;sd
 Let ABCD is a quadrilateral, then dks.k90º gks] oxZ dgykrk gSA
;fn ABCD ,d prqHkqZt gks] rks  Let ABCD is a square of side a, then
A D
A D
M

L
O
A

B C
(i) Perimeter = AB + BC + CD + DA B C
a
1 (i) AB = BC = CD = AD = a
(ii) Area = × BD × (AL + CM)
2 (ii) The diagonals are equal in length and bisect
1 each other.
= × One diagonal × (Sum of the
2 fod.kZ yackbZ esa cjkcj vkSj ,d&nwljs dks lef}Hkkftr
perpendiculars drawn from other verties
to that diagonal) djrs gSaA
 (a) AC = BD = 2a 2. If side of square = a
a a
(b) AO = OC = OB = OD = Radius of incircle (r) =
2 2
(iii) Perimeter = 4 × Side = 4a a
Radius of circumcircle (R) =
(iv) Area = (Side)2 = a2 2
(v) Area of AOB = Area of BOC r r

= Area of COD R 2
2
a A
= Area of DOA = B
4
(vi) (a) A circle of radius r is inscribed in the
square, then radius
oxZ ds vanjr f=kT;k dk dksbZ o`Ùk cuk gks] rks
Side
r=
2
A D C D

r
3. As we have discussed in previous slide for

si
circles, now we can generalise for square
r also.

an by Side of smaller square 1

=

n
Side of bigger square 2
A
B
a
ja C B
R s
Ex. If side of square is 14 cm, find the shaded
a th

area.
;fn oxZ dh Hkqtk 14 lseh gS] Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk
{ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
ty a

C D
di M

4. (i) Find the area of the largest square that

can be drawn inside a circle of radius R.
(b) A circle of radius R circumsceribed the ml lcls cM+s oxZ dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaR f=kT;k
ftls
square, then ds o`Ùk ds vUnj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
R f=kT;k dk dksbZ o`Ùk oxZ ds ifjr% cuk gks] rks
A B

R 
O
A

C D
(vii) If one of the diagonal or the perimeter
a become x times then the area will become
Diameter = Diagonal x2 times or increases by (x2 – 1) times.
 2R = 2a ;fn ,d fod.kZ ;k ifjeki x xquk gks tk, rks {ks=kiQy
x2
a xquk gks tkrk gS(x;k – 1) xquk c<+ tkrk gSA
2

 R=
2 (ix) For two squares/nks oxks± ds fy,
Side
 Radius = (a) Ratio of sides = Ratio of diagonal
2
= Ratio of perimeter
 (b) Ratio of area = (Ratio of sides)2
= (Ratio of diagonal)2
= (Ratio of perimeter)2
1. PQRS is a square. There is another square
DEFG drawn inside PQRS as shown in the
figure. If QD = 2 cm and Square PQRS has
area 100 cm2. Find the area of DEFG. Shaded Region
(viii) =
PQRS ,d oxZ gSA ,d vU; oxZ DEFG Hkh oxZ PQRS Complete Figure
ds vanj fp=kkuqlkj cuk;k x;k gSAQD
;fn= 2 lseh vkSj A a A
B B
oxZPQRS dk {ks=kiQy100 oxZ lseh gks]DEFG
rks dk
{ks=kiQy Kkr dhft,A
O O
P D Q
G
D a D
C C

r
2

E 1. The perimeter of rectangle ABCD is 84 cm.

si
Two congruent circles are drawn inside the
S F R rectangle in such a way that the length and

2. an by
If side of S1 = 20 cm. Find:
the breadth of rectangle are tangents to the
circle. Find the area of shaded region. (Take

n
p = 22/7)
vk;r ABCD dk ifjeki 84 lseh gSA vk;r ds vanj nks

ja lok±xle o`Ùk bl izdkj cuk;s x, gSa fd vk;r dh yackbZ

R s
S3
rFkk pkSM+kbZ o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kk gSaA Nk;kafdr Hk
a th

S2 {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA

S1
ty a

Area of S6
(i) Area of S
di M

Perimeter of S18
(ii) Perimeter of S
25 (ii) Find the area of the largest square that can
(iii) Area of (S1 + S2 ........... Sn) be drawn inside a semi-circle of radius R.
(iv) Perimeter of (S1 + S2........... Sn) ml lcls cM+s oxZ dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsa
R f=kT;k
ftls ds
v/Z&o`Ùk ds vUnj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
Shaded Region
(vi) =
Complete Figure
A

(iii) Find the area of the largest square that

can be drawn inside a quadrant of radius R.
ml lcls cM+s oxZ dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsa ftls R f=kT;k ds
prqFkZ o`Ùk•aM esa cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
Q
(vii) If radius of all the circles is 14 cm, find the
area of the shaded region C B

;fn lHkh o`Ùkksa dh f=kT;k,¡ 14 lseh gS rks Nk;kafdr Hkkx

dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA P
O A
5. A square is drawn inside a quadrant of radius Ex. ABCD is a square whose side is 14 cm, find
r cm in such a way that 2 of its vertices are the area of the shaded region.
on the radii of the quadrant and they are at ABCD ,d oxZ gS ftldh Hkqtk 14 lseh gS] Nk;kafdr
equal distance from the centre of circle and
remaining 2 vertices are on the arc of the
Hkkx dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
quadrant. Find the side of square in term
of r.
r f=kT;k ds ,d prqFkkZa'k o`Ùk•aM esa ,d oxZ bl
çdkj •hapk tkrk gS fd blds 2 'kh"kZ prqFkkZa'k dh
ifjf/ ij gSa vkSj os o`Ùk ds dsaæ ls leku nwjh ij gSa
vkSj 'ks"k nks 'kh"kZ prqFkkZa'k ds pki ij gSaA oxZ dh
Hkqtk r ds inksa esa Kkr dhft;sA
Ex. XBD is quadrant of a circle where, XB = 20
Q cm, XA = AB = XC = CD. Four semi-circles
C

are drawn taking XA , AB , XC and CD as
diameter. Find the area of the shaded
region.

r
D
B


si
 P
O A
an by
How to Calculate Area of Leaf

n
Method 1:
 Let side of square be ‘a’.

ja
R s
 3 2  4 2
Area of leaf = a – 2
2
a = a
14  7 XBD ,d o`Ùk dk prqFkkZa'k gS]XB tgka
= 20 lseh]
a th

XA = AB = XC = CD, XA , AB , XC vkSjCD dks

O;kl ekudj pkj v/Zo`Ùk •haps x, gSaA Nk;kafdr Hkkx dk
{ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
ty a

Ex. If side of square = 14 cm, find the area

of shaded region.
di M

Method 2: ;fn oxZ dh Hkqtk

= 14 lseh gks] rks Nk;kafdr Hkkx
Let side of square be ‘a’.
dk {ks=kiQy Kkr djsaA
Area of Quadrant = x + y
Area of square = 2x + y

Area of leaf = 2n Area of Quadrant – Square

Ex. Area of shaded region Ex.1. If side of square = ‘a’, then find radius of
A

Area of square circle.

Ex.2. If side of square = ‘a’. find radius of circle. Ex.2. Area of Yellow Reglon = ?

Ex.3. If side of square = ‘a’, find radius of circle. Ex.3. Area of Red Reglon = ?

r
Note :

si
If side of square is 'a'.
Note :

an by
If side of square = ‘a’
a

n
Radius of yellow circle =
16
a
ja
Radius of Blue circle =
R s
6
3a
a th

Radius of Red circle =

8
Area of :
ty a

πa 2 3 2
Blue Region = - a
3 4
di M

3 2 πa 2
Yellow Region= a 
4 12

2 πa 2 3 2
Red Region = a   a
Ex.1. Area of Blue Reglon = ? 6 4
Ex. Area of Green Region = ?
A
 Parallelogram Area of parallelogram ABCD

 When the opposite sides are parallel, the = 2 s (s  a )(s  b )(s  d )

quadrilateral is called a parallelogram.
a b d
;fn foijhr Hkqtk lekukarj gks] rks prqHkqZt] lekarj prqHkqZtwhere s =
2
dgykrk gSA
In Parallelogram ABCD, let side AB = a cm Rhombus
and BC = b cm, then
lekarj prqHkqZt
ABCD esa] ;fnAB = a lseh vkSj
BC =  If each side of a parallelogram is equal, the
b lseh gS] rks parallelogram is called a rhombus.
;fn fdlh lekarj prqHkqZt dh izR;sd Hkqtk cjkcj gks] rks
b
lekarj prqHkqZt leprqHkqZt dgykrk gSA
h2 In rhombus ABCD,
a h1 a
A D
d1

r
b d2

si
(i) AB = CD and BC = AD O
(ii) Each diagonal AC or BD divides the

an by
parallelogram in the conguent triangles.
çR;sd fod.kZAC vFkokBD lekarj prqHkqZt dks B C

n
a
lok±xle f=kHkqtksa esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
(iii) AC2 + BD2 = AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 Let the side BC = a, AC = d1 and BD = d2,
ja
R s
2
= 2(AB + BC ) 2 then
= 2(a2 + b2) (i) AB= BC = CD = DA = a
a th

(iv) Perimeter = 2(a + b) (ii) Diagonals bisect each other at right angle.

(v) (a) Area = Base × Height fod.kZ ,d&nwljs dks ledks.k ij izfrPNsfnr djrk gSA
ty a

= a(side) × (distance between the 1

side and its parallel side) (iii) Side = a = d12  d 22
2
di M

= a × h1 = b × h2
or, 4a2 = d12  d 22
(b) Area of all triangle of same base and
between the parallel lines are the same. (iv) Perimeter = 4a
leku vk/kj vkSj lekarj Hkqtkvksa ds eè; cus 1
izR;sd f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy leku gksrk gSA
(v) (a) Area =
2
× d1 × d2
(c) The length of one diagonal is d.
1
A b = × Multiple of the length of
D 2
the diagonals
a a
d (b) Area = Base × Height
Area of AOB = Area of BOC = Area of
A

B C COD = Area of AOD

b
Then,
A D
A b D

a d a O

B C
b B C
 Rectangle (b) Radius of the circle circuscribed the
rectangle ABCD be R, then
 If each angle of a quadrilateral is 90º and vk;r ABCD ds ifjr% cus o`Ùk dh f=kT;k
R gks] rks
length of the opposite sides are equal, then
it is called a rectangle. a2  b2
R=
;fn fdlh prqHkqZt dk izR;sd dks.k
90º gks vkSj foijhr 2
Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ cjkcj gks rks ;g vk;r dgykrk gSA
 Let ABCD is a rectangle such that AB = a A D
and BC = b, then
O
;fn ,d vk;r ABCD bl izdkj gS fd AB = a vkSj a
BC = b gS] rks b
B C

A D
(vi) If the length of the rectangle will become x
times and breadth will become y times, the

r
O area of the rectangle will become xy times.
a

si
;fn vk;r dh yackbZx xquh vkSj pkZM+kbZ
y xquh gks tk,]
rks vk;r dk {ks=kiQy
xy xquk gks tk,xkA

B an by
b C
(vii) For the rectangle,

n
Ratio of area = (ratio of length) : (ratio of
(i) AB = CD = a and BC = AD = b breadth)

ja (viii) Path around or in a rectangle/ vk;r ds ifjr%

R s
(ii) The diagonals bisect each other,
vFkok vk;r ds vanj iFk
a th

(a) AC = BD = a 2  b2 (a) Area of the path of uniform width d all

around outside the rectangle ABCD
a2  b2
(b) AO = OC = OB = vk;r ABCD ds ifjr% ,d leku pkSM+kbZ
d okys
ty a

2
jkLrs dk {ks=kiQy
= 2d(l + b + 2d)
(iii) Perimeter = 2(length + breadth)
P
di M

S
= 2(a + b)
A d D
(iv) Area = Length × Breadth = ab
(v) Area of AOB = Area of BOC d b d
= Area of COD l
ab d
= Area of DOA = B C
4 Q R
(vi) (a) Radius of the maximum possible circle
(b) Area of the path of uniform width 'd' all
vf/dre laHkkfor o`Ùk dh f=kT;k around inside the rectangle ABCD
Breadth b vk;r ABCD ds vanj ,d leku pkSM+kbZ
d okys
= =
A

2 2 jkLrs dk {ks=kiQy
= 2d(l + b – 2d)

A D A D
d
P S
b d d
b
Q R
d
a B C
B C l
 (c) Area of the path of uniform width d vk;rkdkj •sr dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ dk vuqikr
along the length and the breadth 7 % 4 gSA 4 ehVj pkSM+k ,d iFk tks ckgj pkjksa vksj
yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ ds vuqfn'k ,dleku
d pkSM+kbZ
cuk gS] dk {ks=kiQy 416 oxZ ehVj gSA eSnku dh
ds iFk dk {ks=kiQy
= (l + b – d)d
pkSM+kbZ (ehVj esa) gS %
A C (a) 28 (b) 14
(c) 15 (d) 16
Ex.3. A path of uniform width runs round the
l inside of rectangular field 38m long and
32m wide. If the path occupies 600 m2,
then the width of the path is :
B D 38 ehVj yacs vkSj 32 ehVj pkSM+s vk;rkdkj eSnku
b ds vanj ,d leku pkSM+kbZ dk iFk cuk gSA ;fn iFk
Ex.1. A street of width 10 metres surrounds 600 ehVj txg ?ksjrk gS] rks iFk dh pkSM+kbZ gS%
from outside a rectangular garden whose
(a) 30 m (b) 5 cm
measurement is 200m × 180m. the area
of the path (in square metres is) (c) 18.75 m (d) 10 m

r
Ex.4. A rectangular area of 6 sq. m is to be
,d vk;rkdkj cxhps ds ckgj ls 10 ehVj pkSM+h
painted on a 3m × 4m board leaving of
,d xyh gS ftldh eki 200 ehVj × 180 ehVj gSA

si
uniform width on all sides. What should
iFk dk {ks=kiQy (oxZ ehVj esa gS) % be the width of the border?
(a) 8,000
(c) 7,500 an by (b) 7,000
(d) 8,200
3 ehVj × 4 ehVj cksMZ ij lHkh rjiQ ,d leku
pkSM+kbZ NksM+dj 6 oxZ ehVj ds ,d vk;rkdkj {ks=

n
Ex.2. The length and breadth of rectangular dks isaV fd;k tkuk gSA ckWMZj dh pkSM+kbZ fdruh
field are in the ratio 7 : 4. A path 4 m
pkfg,\
ja
wide running all around outside has an
R s
area of 416 m2. The breadth (in m) of the (a) 0.25 m (b) 0.5 m
field is : (c) 1 m (d) 3 m
a th
ty a
di M
A