DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. The layer of cells that secretes enamel of tooth is
a) Dentoblast b) Ameloblast c) Osteoblast d) Odontoblast

2. Label the given diagram of transverse section of mucosa of small intestine showing small finger
like projections. Choose the correct option accordingly

a) A-Vein, B-Crypt, C-Artery, D-Villi, E-Lacteal, F-Capillaries

b) A-Artery, B-Crypt, C-Vein, D-Villi, E-Capillaries, F-Lacteal

c) A-Vein, B-Artery, C-Crypt, D-Villi, E-Capillaries, F-Lacteal

d) A-Villi, B-Lacteal, C-Capillaries, D-Artery, E-Crypt, F-Vein

3. Kupffer’s cells are

a) Phagocytic b) Non-phagocytic c) Myosin d) Fibrin

4. Which is a symbiont inside human intestine?

a)𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑒 b)𝑁𝑒𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠c)𝐸. 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 d)𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑚

5. Duodenum has characteristic Brunner’s gland, which secrete two hormones called

a) Kinase, oestrogen b) Secretin, cholecystokinin

c) Prolactin, parathormone d) Oestradiol, progesterone

6. Sphincter of oddi found in human being guards

a) Opening of ampula into duodenum

b) Opening of hepatic ducts before joining the cystic duct

c) Opening of stomach into duodenum

d) Opening of cystic duct into pancreatic duct

7. Given below the diagram of the transverse section of alimentary canal. Label it correctly
and choose the correct option accordingly

a) A-Muscularis; B-Serosa; C-Submucosa; D-Mucosa

b) A-Muscularis; B-Serosa; C-Mucosa; D-Submucosa

c) A-Serosa; B-Muscularis; C-Mucosa; D-Submucosa

d)A-Serosa; B-Muscularis; C-Submucosa; D-Mucosa

8. During intake of food, what prevents the entry of food into the glottis (opening of wind pipe)?

a) Glottis itself prevents into the entry of food glottis

b) Food entry is prevented by air present in wind pipe

c) Food entry into glottis is prevented by annular rings of pharynx

d) Food entry is prevented by epiglottis into the glottis

9. Aggregates of lymphoid tissue present in the distal portion of the small intestine are known as

a) Villi b) Peyer’s patches c) Rugae d) Choroid plexux

10. Which one serves as a passage for both food and air?

a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Gullet d) Glottis

11. The lacteals are found in

a) Salivary glands b) Villi c) Spleen d) Mammary glands

12. Glisson’s capsules are found, in which organ of mammals?

a) Stomach b) Kidney c) Testis d) Liver

13. In which layer of the wall of alimentary canal, secretory glands are present?

a) Serosa b) Mucosa c) Muscularis d) Submucosa

14. The islets of Langerhans are found in

a) Pancreas b) Stomach c) Liver d) Alimentary canal

15. What is the composition of bile?

a) Bile pigments and bile salts b) Bile pigments and cholesterol

c) Cholesterol and phospholipids d) All of the above

16. Which of the following enzyme is not a component of human saliva?

a) 𝛂-amylase b) Lysozyme c) Lipase d) None of the above

17. The mucosal layer in the stomach form irregular folds known as

a) Villi b) Lumen

c) Rugae d) Crypts of Lieberkuhn

18. Characteristic of mammalian liver is

a) Kupffer’s cells and leucocytes b) Leucocytes and canaliculae

c) Glisson’s capsules and Kupffer’s cells d) Glisson’s capsule and leucocytes

19. Which is the correct chronological order for food processing in human beings?

a) Ingestion of food → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion (Undigested)

b) Ingestion → Assimilation → Digestion → Absorption → Egestion

c) Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Egestion → Assimilation

d) Digestion →Ingestion → Assimilation → Absorption → Egestion

20. The sphincter of Oddi found in man, guards the

a) Pancreatic duct b) Hepatopancreatic duct

c) Bile duct d) Cystic duct

21. Common bile duct is formed by the fusion of

a) Pancreatic duct and cystic duct b) Pancreatic duct and hepatic duct

c) Pancreatic duct, hepatic duct and cystic d) Hepatic duct and cystic duct
duct
22. Pylorus is present between

a) Small and large intestine b) Pancreas and small intestine

c) Oesophagus and stomach d) Stomach and duodenum

23. How many salivary glands are present in human being?

a) 6 b) 10 c) 8 d) 12
24. Kupffer’s cells are present in

a) Liver b) Small intestine c) Pancreas d) Thyroid gland

25. The given schematic diagram diepicts heterodont teeth and its thecodont arrangement. Find
the correct labelling for 𝐴-𝐷 from the options given below

a) A-Incisor, B-Canine, C-Premolar, D-Molar b) A-Molar, B-Premolar, C-Canine, D-Incisor

c) A-Incisors, B-Premolar, C-Canine, D-Molar d) A-Molar, B-Premolar, C-Incisor, D-Canine

26. Which is the largest gland of human body?

a) Gastric gland b) Pancreas c) Liver d) Salivary gland

DIGESTION OF FOOD
27. Pepsin is inactivated at pH

a) Below 3 b) Below 2 c) Above 5 d) Above 3

28. Which part of our body secretes the hormone secretin?

a) Ileum b) Stomach c) Duodenum d) Oesophagus

29. Substrate for the enzyme amylase is

a) Nucleic acids b) Protein c) Starch d) Fat

30. What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor?

a) Gastric juice will be deficient in chymosin b) Gastric juice will be deficient in pepsinogen

c) In the absence of HCl secretion, inactive d) Enterokinase will not be released from the
pepsinogen is not converted into the duodenal mucosa and so trypsinogen is not
active enzyme pepsin converted to trypsin
31. Which of the following secretions gets mixed with the food (hydrolysed) in the small
intestine?
a) Bile, pancreatic juices and intestinal juices

b) Pancreatic juices, intestinal juices and gastric juices

c) Gastric juices, intestinal juices and biles

d)Bile, gastric juices and salivary uices

32. If pancreas is removed, the compound, which remains undigested is

a) Carbohydrates b) Fats c) Proteins d) All of these

33. Which of the following match is correct?

a) Rennin – Protein b) Trypsin – Starch c) Invertase – Sucrose d) Amylase – Lactose

34. Bile is composed of bile salts and bile pigments which are

a) Sodium glycocholate taurocholate and bilirubin, biliverdin, respectively

b)Bilirubin, biliverdin and sodium glycocholate taurocholate, respectively

c) Sodium glycocholate, taurocholate and bilirubin, respectively

d)Sodium glycocholate, taurocholate and biliverdin, respectively

35. In human beings, digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates starts from which of the
following parts of the alimentary canal?
a) Stomach, intestine and mouth, b) Only from stomach
respectively
c) Intestine, stomach and mouth, d) Only from intestine
respectively
36. Part of bile juice useful in digestion is

a) Bile salt b) Bile pigment c) Bile matrix d) All of these

37. Which enzymes are responsible to convert the end product of partially hydrolysed food into
simple absorbable forms?
a) Enzymes of succus entericus b) Proteolytic enzyme of pancreatic juice

c) Enzyme of gastric juice d) All of the above

38. Success entericus is secreted by

a) Crypts of Leiberkuhn b) Brunner’s glands c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
39. Secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted by

a) Brunner’s gland found in duodenum

b) Paneth cells present in duodenum

c) Goblet cells present through out the epithelium of the stomach

d) Oxyntic cells present on the side walls of the gastric glands

40. What is the major site for the conversion of proteins into free amino acids?

a) Spleen b) Liver c) Intestine d) Kidney

41. Enzyme present in saliva is

a) Maltase b) Ptyalin c) Sucrase d) Invertase

42. Complete the equation.

Nucleases
Nucleic acids → Nucleotides → ⋯ … ….
a) Monoglycerides b) Diglycerides c) Disaccharides d) Nucleosides

43. Hydrochloic acid (HCl) is secreted by which of the following cells of stomach?

a) Chief cells b) Parietal cells (oxyntic cells)

c) Peptic cells d) Goblet cells

44. Maltose gives rise to two molecules of

a) Fructose b) Lactose c) Glucose d) Sucrose

45. The gastric juice contains

a) Trypsin, pepsin, lipase b) Pepsin, lipase, rennin

c) Pepsin, amylase, trypsin d) Trypsin, pepsin, rennin

46. A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother’s milk, which is white in colour but the
stools, which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. This yellow colour is due to
a) Intestinal juice b) Bile pigments passed through bile juice

c) Undigested milk protein casein d) Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum

47. Starch is converted to maltose by the action of

a) Invertase b) Amylase c) Sucrose d) Maltase

48. Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of milk in infants?

a) Pepsin b) Trypsin

c) Rennin d) Various proteolytic enzyme

49. The Digestive enzyme that is not found in human pancreatic juice is

a) Nucleotidase b) Nuclease c) Trypsin d) Lipase

50. Bile secretion is proportional to the concentration of

a) Protein b) Fat c) Carbohydrate d) None of these

51. The contraction of gall bladder is due to

a) Gastrin b) Cholecystokinin c) Secretin d) Kinase

52. Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally
undigested?
a) Protein and starch b) Starch and fat c) Fat and cellulose d) Starch and cellulose

53. Which of the following processes will be affected by the absence of enterokinase?

a) Lipid → Fatty acid + Glycerol b) Dipeptides → Amino acid

c) Proteases → Dipeptide d) Amylase→ Maltose

54. The digestion of starch by amylase is completed in the

a) Mouth b) Oesophagus c) Stomach d) Duodenum

ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED PRODUCTS

55. The form, in which the synthesised fats are liberated from the intestinal wall into the lymph
present in the lymphatic capillaries is
a) Micelles b) Chylomicrons c) Fatty acids d) Both (a) and (b)

56. Major site of absorption of nutrients in human beings is

a) Stomach b) Small intestine c) Large intestine d) Both (a) and (b)

57. Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in
humans?
a) Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the Fructose and amino acids are absorbed
proenzyme pepsinogen b) through intestinal mucosa with the help of
carrier ions like Na+
c) Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein d) About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by salivary
particles that are transported from amylase in our mouth
intestine into blood capillaries
58. The main function of lacteals in the human small intestine is the absorption of

a) Glucose and vitamins b) Amino acids and glucose

c) Water and vitamins d) Fatty acids and glycerol

59. Brown colour of the stool is due to the presence of stercobilinogen and stercobilin, which are
the derivatives of
a) Bilirubin b) Biliverdin c) Bile salt d) Bile pigment

60. What is the main site of amino acids absorption in human’s small intestine?

a) Duodenum b) Jejunum c) Ileum d) Both (a) and (b)

61. Which form of fats is absorbed into the intestinal cells?

a) Micelles b) Chylomicrons c) Fatty acids d) Both (a) and (b)

62. Which one of the following sugar is most rapidly absorbed in the human gut?

a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Galactose d) Sucrose

63. Absorption of fat occurs through the process of

a) Active transport b) Passive transport c) Osmosis d) Simple diffusion

64. Which of the following is absorbed from undigested food in the large intestine?

a) Water and vitamins b) Water and product of bacterial digestion

c) Water and salt d) Water and alcohols

65. Maximum absorption of water occurs in

a) Colon b) Rectum c) Large intestine d) Small intestine

DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

66. Scurvy is caused due to deficiency of vitamin

a) B b) A c) E d) C

67. The inflammation of intestinal tract is due to the infection of which microorganism?

a) Bacteria b) Virus c) Fungus d) Both (a) and (b)

68. Which combination is mismatched?

a) Vitamin- D-Rickets b) Thiamine- Beri-beri c) Vitamin-K-Sterility d) Niacin-Pellagra

69. Which of the following metals is present in vitamin-B12 ?

a) Cobalt b) Copper c) Zinc d) Magnesium

70. The vitamin, synthesized by bacteria is

a) B b) D c) K d) E

71. Thiamine (B1 ) deficiency results in

a) Wernicke’s syndrome b) Korsakoff’s syndrome

c) Osteonecrosis d) Tunnel vision

72. Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of

a) Niacin b) Pantothenic acid c) Tocopherol d) Cyanocobalamin

73. Inadequate protein intake leads to kwashiorkor. The subsequent oedema is most closely
related to inadequate synthesis of which protein?
a) Gamma globulin b) Glucagon c) Insulin d) Albumin

74. The malnutrition disease in man is

a) Cri-du-chat syndrome b) Klinefelter’s syndrome

c) Potbelly syndrome d) Edward’s syndrome

75. The accumulation of faeces in the rectum and distension of the rectal wall initiates the feeling
of defecation due to
a) Defecation reflex b) Deamination

c) Irregular movement of bowl d) None of the above