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Problem Sheet-1

problem sheet cambridge 1

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20 views

Problem Sheet-1

problem sheet cambridge 1

Uploaded by

sohamsud21
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH40002: Analysis 1 Problem Sheet 1: Lectures 1–3

1. Let f : R → R be a continuous function with f (R) ⊂ Q. Prove that f is constant.


2. Let f, g : R → R be continuous functions such that f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ Q. Prove
that f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ R. Is this still true if we only assume that f (x) = g(x)
for x ∈ Z?
√
3. Consider the function f : [1, 2] ∩ Q → R defined by f (x) = x − 2 . Prove that f
does not have a minimum value. Why doesn’t the extreme value theorem apply?
4. (*) Define a function f : R → R by
(
0, x irrational
f (x) =
1/n, x = m/n.
m
Here all rational numbers x = n
are written in lowest terms, with n > 0.
(a) Prove that if x is rational, then f is not continuous at x.
(b) Prove that if x is irrational, then f is continuous at x.
5. Let f : [a, b] → R be continuous, and suppose that f (a) ≤ y ≤ f (b).
(a) Let (a0 , b0 ) = (a, b), and for all n ≥ 0, define mn = an +b 2
n
and
(
(an , mn ), f (mn ) > y
(an+1 , bn+1 ) =
(mn , bn ), f (mn ) ≤ y.
 
Prove that the sequences an and bn converge to the same limit L ∈ [a, b].
(b) Prove that f (L) = y, concluding a new proof of the intermediate value theorem.
6. For any nonempty set S ⊂ R, define dS : R → R by dS (x) = inf |x − s|.
s∈S

(a) Describe or draw graphs of dS when S is each of {0}, {−1, 3}, Z, Q.


(b) Prove that |dS (y) − dS (x)| ≤ |y − x| for all x, y ∈ R, and conclude that dS is
continuous.
7. Let f : R → R be a monotonically increasing function, not necessarily continuous.
Define S(x) = sup f (y) and I(x) = inf f (y).
y<x y>x

(a) Prove for all x ∈ R that S(x) ≤ f (x) ≤ I(x).


(b) Prove for all x ∈ R that S(x) = I(x) if and only if f is continuous at x.
(c) Find an injective mapping
{x ∈ R | f is not continuous at x} → Q.
Conclude that f is continuous at all but at most countably many real numbers.
8. Prove that a function f : R → R is continuous if and only if for every open set
U ⊂ R, the preimage
f −1 (U ) = {x ∈ R | f (x) ∈ U }
is open.

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