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T Waterloo TF2

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T Waterloo TF2

Is this necessary

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joshitabieber
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Section 2: Convective Momentum Transport

Thus far, we’ve only talked about the stresses that cause molecular transport of
momentum – or transfer due to forces acting on individual molecules, denoted by Пij.
Convective momentum transport is a completely different macroscopic phenomena
where pretty much if there is bulk fluid flow, there is momentum. This is the second key
part of the Navier-Stokes Equation

Volumetric rate of flow. First let’s consider the volume of fluid that flows through a
specific plane, per unit time (i.e. the total volume that flows thought the y-plane per
second). This is called the volumetric rate of flow. It would have units of:
𝑚3 1 𝑚
∙ 2=
𝑠 𝑚 𝑠

If you’re describing the volumetric rate of flow through the x-plane, it is denoted by vx.
Similarly, we use vy and vz for the y-plane and the z-plane respectively.
Momentum per volume. If a fluid is flowing, it has momentum. To describe the amount
of momentum per volume, we will use the product of density (ρ) and velocity (m/s) as it
actually works out to have the units of momentum per volume (try this out if you’d like
to prove it to yourself). One important detail to keep in mind is that since velocity does
not always flow in just the x-, y-, or z-direction, we use 𝑣⃗ to represent the components
of the velocity in terms of x, y, and z.
𝑣⃗ = 𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣𝑦 + 𝑣𝑧

Of course, sometimes fluid does flow exactly in the z-direction, for example. In that case
vx and vy are just zero.
Momentum Flux. Multiplying “volumetric rate of flow per unit area” by “momentum per
unit volume” (viρv) yields the momentum flux by convection across the i-plane, as proven
below:
𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑝 𝑚 𝑝
𝑣𝑖 𝜌𝑣⃗ [=] ∙ 3∙ = 3∙ = 2
𝑠 𝑚 𝑠 𝑚 𝑠 𝑚 𝑠
*careful not to confuse desnity (ρ) with momentum (p)

Tying it back to molecular momentum transport, we previously showed how stress is


equivalent to momentum flux. In the EXACT same way, you can show that momentum
flux through a surface or plane is the EXACT same thing as force acting on a surface,
a.k.a. stress. Stress -> fluid flow.
Table 1.7-1 in Transport Phenomena eloquently summarizes all of the components of
convective momentum flux. In matrix form, this would be known as the convective
momentum-flux tensor.
Just to reiterate how the terms expand:
vxρ𝑣⃗ = vxρvx + vxρvy + vxρvz

vyρ𝑣⃗ = vyρvx + vyρvy + vyρvz

vzρ𝑣⃗ = vzρvx + vzρvy + vzρvz

Also a general, all-encapsulating term for convective momentum is 𝑣⃗ρ𝑣⃗, which is


understood to equal the sum of the three previous equations.

Finally, define φ as the combined momentum flux tensors (molecular + convective)

Φij = Пij + ⃗⃗⃗⃗ρ𝑣


𝑣𝑖 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑗

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