KCSEHISTORYPAPER

1REVI
SIONKIT
PEOPLESOFKENYAUPTOTHE19TH CENTURY
Pr
e-Hi
stor
y  Kenyawas1stoccupiedbyt heKhoisanstockwhospokea
Thi
srefer
stothest
udyofpastev
ent
sbef
orewr
it
ingwas l
anguagewitha‘cl
icking’sound.
dev
eloped.
(Unr
ecor
dedhi
story
)  Theirr
emnantswereabsor bedintheRiftval
leyasOki
ek/
Dorobo
Histor
y  Theother
sincl
udedAt hi
,Gumba,Onguy eandOkuro.
I
st hestudyofmanspastev
ent
sinr
elat
iont
ohi
senvi
ronment
.
SOURCESOFHI STORI
CALKNOWLEDGEONPRE- HI
STORY Or
igi
n,Mi
grat
ionandset
tl
ementoft
hepeopl
eofKeny
a

1. Oraltradi
ti
ons  Kenyahast hreemai ncommuni ties;Cushi
tes,
Nilot
esand
2. Anthropology Bantu.
3. Arti
facts/fossi
ls/archaeol
ogy  TheCushitesareSout her
nandEast ern.
4. Languageoft hepeople/li
ngui
sti
cs  Theycamef r
om Et hiopi
anHighlands.
5. Genetics  They(Southern)includeSanyeorDahal loi
nKeny a.
 TheEasternincludeBor ana,
Somal i
,Oromo/Gall
a,Gabr
a,
WhyEastAf
ri
cai
sregar
dedast
hecr
adl
eofmanki
nd. Rendil
e,Burji
/Surj
i,andShaggila/Dasenech.
1. Presenceofmanyar chaeological si
tesaroundL-Vi t
oriaandR/ Reasonsf
ormi
grat
ionofEast
ernCushi
tes
Valleyarea.
2. Thepr esenceofsav annagrassl andsfoundi nKeny af avored 1. Int
ernal confl
ictsov erl
eader shipandcont r
olofresour ces.
hunt i
ngasameansofsur viv albymane. g.forest
s. 2. Externalattacksf rom theirnei ghbouringcommuni t
ies.
3. Existenceofper manentr i
verswhi chprovidedwat erforuseby 3. Tolookf orbettergr azi
ngf ieldsandwat erfort
heirli
vest ock.
man. 4. Spiri
tofadv enture/expl orat i
on/cur i
osity
4. War mt ropicalclimat ewhi
chwasi dealforman’ sexistence. 5. Outbreakofnat ural epi
demi cse.g.humanandani mal di
seases.
5. Geogr aphicall
y, Afr
icaofwhi chKeny aispar twascent rall
y 6. Outbreakofnat ural cal
ami tiese.g.drought
l
ocat ed,maki ngi tpossibl
ef ortheear l
ymant ospr eadt othe 7. Popul at
ionpr essur e,hencet heyhadtol ookforlandf or
otherpar t
sast hecont i
nentswer edrif
ti
ng. settl
ement
Sour
cesofHi
stor
yoft
heE.Af
ri
canCoast
. Resul
tsoft
hei
rmi
grat
ionandset
tl
ementi
ntoKeny
a
1. Swahilihist
ori
esandChr onicl
es. 1. I ntermarriagewhi chst r
engt henedr el
ati
onshi pwithot her
2. Peri
plusoft heEry
threansea. communi t
ies.
3. Ptol
emy ’sGeography 2. Exchangeofcul tural acti
v it
iesandpr actices/Some
4. Chri
stianTopography communi t
ieswer eabsor bed/assi mi l
ated.e. g.Bant ucopied
5. Account sofArabtravel
ler
s. somecust omsf rom t heCushi teslikecircumci sionandage- set
6. GraecoRomandocument ary system, andal sot abooagai nstf i
sheatingamongsomeBant u
7. Naturalhist
oryofPliny. communi t
ies.
3. I ntensif
iedwar fare,hencemanydeat hsov ercont rolof
resourcesandr aids.
Sour
cesofHi
stor
yonKeny
ancommuni
ti
es. 4. Di splacement/r edistributionoft hepopul atione. g.theBantu
wer edisplacedf rom Shungway a.
1. Oraltradit
ions( Folktales/st
ori
es/my ths/l
egends,
songs, 5. I ncreasedt r adingact ivi
ti
es.
pr
ov erbs,riddlesandt onguetwist
ers)
. 6. I tledtot hespr eadofi r
onwor kinginther egion.
2. Archaeology/ar t
ifacts. 7. TheCushi tesf ormedal li
anceswi thothergr oupst ohelpthem
3. Writt
enr ecor dse.g.books. overcomet heirenemi es.
4. Li
nguistics. 8. Theyl earnedt hear tofmi xedfar mingfrom t heBant u.
5. Genetics. 9. I tledtoPopul ationi ncreasei nthear easi nwhi cht heysettl
ed.
6. Anthropology( my thsandlegends). 10. Itledtot heemer genceofnewcommuni ti
es.
7. Geology .
8. Rockpai nting. Resul
tsofi
nteracti
onbetweent
heCushi
tesandt
heBant
uinKeny
a
i
nthepre-
colonialper
iod.

1. Int
ermarri
agewhi chstrengthenedrelati
onships
Howar
chaeol
ogi
stsobt
aini
nfor
mat
ionont
hehi
stor
yofKeny
a. 2. Populati
oni ncreasedast heymi gr
atedintot heregion.
3. SomeBant usadopt edIslam fr
om theCushi t
es.
1. Locat
ingHist
ori
cal
sit
es. 4. SomeBant uscopi essomecust omsf rom theCushi tes,li
ke
2. Excavat
ingordi
ggi
ngthesite. cir
cumcisionandage- setsystem.
3. Dati
ngthefossi
l
sandarti
facts. 5. SomeCushi tescopiedcropgr owingfrom theBant u.
4. Recordi
ngthefi
ndi
ngs. 6. SomeCushi teswer eabsorbed/assi mil
atedbyt heBant u.
7. Theytradedwi theachot her.
8. TheCushi t
esdi splacedtheBant ufrom Shungway a.
Howt hestudyofhist
oryandgov er
nmentI nspir
esasenseof 9. Theyfoughteachot herforcontrolofresources/incr eased
patr
ioti
sm inalear
ner warfare,
hencel ossofli
ves.
1.
Itenablesonetobeloyal
tohiscountry.
2.
helpsonet obepatr
iot
ictohiscountr
y NB/Thei
rmaineconomicact
ivi
tywasPast
ral
i
sm /Li
vest
ock
3I
thelpsonet odevel
opposit
iveatt
it
udetowar dshi
scountr
y keepi
ng/ani
malkeepi
ng
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
TheBant
u aregi
oncall
edBar
-el
-Gazen.
 Theyent
eredKeny
athroughthear
eaofL.Tur
kana.
 Theyor i
ginat edf r
om ar oundEast er
nNi geriaandCamer oon
highlands( CongoBasi n). Reasonsf
ormi
grat
ion
 Theyt henmov edtoDRCbef orefurthermov ementt owar dsE.
Afri
ca. 1. Popul ati
onpr essure,hencel ookf orl andforset tl
ement
 Theyt henset tledar oundWest ernsideofL.Vi ctori
ai nUganda. 2. Internal conf li
ctsforcedsomeoft heircommuni ti
est omi grate
 From her e,theyspl iti
nt ot wogr oups; oneent eredKeny afrom forsecur it
y.
thewest er ndi recti
onandset t
ledintheWest ernr egionof 3. Exter nal att
acksf r
om thei rneighbor ingcommuni t i
es.
Keny a.Theycamet ober eferr
edt oasWest ernBant u;andt hey 4. Theymi gratedt osat i
sfytheirspiritofadv ent ur
e/expl or
ation/
i
nclude; Abal uhy a,Abakur iaandAbagusi i
. curiosi ty.
 Theot hergr oupmov edsout hwar dsintoTanzani a,t
hrough 5. Nat ural calami ti
ese.g.floodswhi chki ll
edt hem, thusf or
cing
Kili
manj aroar eaalongt heCoastupt oShungway ainModer n them t omi grate.
Somal iabef or eTai tahi l
ls. 6. Nat ural epidemi cse.g.diseaseandf aminewhi chki ll
edthem
 Someent er edKeny athroughKi l
imanj aroareawhi l
eot hers andt heirli
v estock,thusf orci
ngt hem t omi grate.
enteredf rom t heEast ernsi de/Coastf rom Shungway a. 7. Desi ref orgr eenerpastureandwat erfortheirli
vest ock/
 Theyset tledal ongt hecoastwhi l
eot herspenet ratedintothe over stocking, hencet heywer elooki ngfornewl andf orgrazing
Central r
egi onoft hecount ry/ar oundMt .Keny a. andwat er.
8. Theymi gratedt olookf orlandf orcul ti
vati
onandcat tl
erearing.
 AttheCoast ,theyi ncludeMi ji
kendawhi l
eatt heCent r
al i
nclude
9. Thosenearwat erbodiesneedednewf i
shingar eas.
Agikuy u,Akambaet c.
Resul
tsoft
hemi
grat
ionandset
tl
ementoft
heNi
lot
esi
ntoKeny
a
Reasonsf
ort
hei
rmi
grat
ion
1. Itl
edt oincreaseinpopul ationinthear easwher etheysettled.
1. Ther ewaspopul at i
onpr essur eandhenceneedf orlandf or
2. Iti
nt ensifi
edconf li
ctsforresour cesf orresourcescont rol
settlement .
3. Intermar ri
agewi ththeothercommuni t
ies
2. Theymi gratedt ol ookf orl andf orcul ti
vati
on
4. Exchangedcul t
uralpract
iceswi thot hercommuni t
ies/It
3. Theyneededl andf orgr azingt heirli
vestock,thusaddi ti
onal
broughtaboutassi mi l
ati
onofsomecommuni ti
es
past uresandwat er.
5. Itresul t
edint odisplacementofsomecommuni t
ies/
4. I nternal conf l
ictsf orcedsomeoft heircommuni tiest omi grate.
redistributi
onofpopul ati
on.
5. Ext er nal attacksf rom t heirneighbour sespeciallyGal l
a/Or omo,
6. Itl
edt oenhancementoft radewi t
ht henei ghbori
ng
forcedt hem t omi gratef orsecur it
y/Ext er
nal pr
essur e.(MAI N)
communi ti
es
Thisaf fectedt hem i nShungway a.
7. Someadopt edagr i
cultur
al skil
l
sandpr acti
cesfrom t hei
r
6. Out breakofnat ural calami ti
ese. g.floodski l
l
edsomeoft hem,
neighbor ingcommuni ti
es.
thuspr ompt i
ngt hem t omi grate.
8. Itenr i
chedt helanguagespokeni nthear ea/r egion.
7. Out breakofnat ural epidemi cse. g.diseaseski ll
edt hem and
theirlivest ock,thusf orcingt hem t omi grate.
8. Theymi gratedt osat i
sfyt heirspi r
itofadv enture/cur iosity/ Waysofint eracti
onbet weenKeny ansoci etiesi nthe19thCent ury
explor ation
1. Warf are/Rai di
ng
Resultsoft hei rmi gration( Bant u) 2. Trade
3. Intermar ri
age
1. Di spl acementofsomecommuni ti
es/Redi st
ributionof 4. Cul t
ur alexchange/act iv
iti
ese. g.language/Spor t
ingactivi
ti
es.
popul ati
on.
2. Int
ermar ri
agewithot hercommuni t
ies
3. Expansi onoft r
adewi t
ht hei
rneighboringcommuni ti
es
4. Culturalexchangewi t htheothercommuni ti
es/Assi milat
ionof
somecommuni t
iesbyt heotherse.g.Bant uslearnedthear tof
cir
cumci si
onfrom them andt abooagai nstfisheating.
5. Itl
edt opressureoverl and,henceconf li
ctsandwar fare
6. Int
ercommuni tyconflictsledtolossofl ivesanddest r
ucti
onof
proper ty
7. Othercommuni t
ieslear nedsomeagr i
culturalpracti
cesf r
om
theBant u.
8. Theyspr eadtheknowl edgeofironwor kingt odiff
erentpartsof
Keny a.
9. Enri
chmentofl anguagewi thwor dborrowi ng.

Ni
lot
es
SOCI
O-ECONOMIC&POLI
TICALORGANIZATI
ONOFKENYAN
 Theyfalli
nt hreemai ngr oups:pl
ain,
highlandandr i
v er
-l
ake COMMUNITI NTHE19TH CENTURY
ESI
 Thenameswer ecoi l
edfrom theenvir
onmenti nwhi chthey
set
tled.
ReasonswhyKenyancommuniti
esf
oughtagai
nsteachot
her
 TheplainNi l
otesinclude-Iteso,Maasai,Njemps,Turkana,
duri
ngthepr
e-col
oni
alper
iod.
Sambur u
 ThehighlandsNi lotesincludeSabaot/Kony/Bok/Bongomek,
1. Competi
ti
onf orl
andf orcul
ti
vati
on/set
tl
ement
.
Turgen,Mar akwet ,
Elgeiyo,Pokot,
Kipsigi
s, Nandi
et c
2. Competi
ti
onf orwater/pasture.
 Ther i
verlakeNilotesincludeLuo. 3. Todemonstratethei
rmi l
it
arypower
.
 TheNi l
otesor i
ginatedfrom aroundR.Ni l
ei nSouthernSudani
n 4. Torai
dforcattl
e.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 2
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
5. Hunt
ingandgat
her
ing
Funct
ionsofwar
ri
orsamongKeny
ansoci
eti
esi
nthe19thC. 6. I
ronworki
ngandsmelt
ing

1. Defendi
ngthecommuni ty.
2. Rai
dingforproper
ty Economi
c
3. Usedforter
ri
tori
alexpansi
on.
1. Theypr act i
cedCr opgr owi nge. g.mi l
let
Bant
u 2. Theyal sopr act i
cedl ivestockkeepi nge. g.sheep
3. Theyl ear ntI ronwor kingf ort oolsandweapons.
Soci
alor gani zation 4. Theyconduct edbar tertradewi thnei ghbor se. g.Maasai .
5. Theymadet radi t
ional craftse. g.basket sandpot t
er y.
1. Theypr acticedci rcumci sion, somef orboy sandothersforboth 6. Theyhunt edandgat her edf orwi l
dani mal sandf ruits.
boy sandgi r
ls. 7. Theycol l
ect edhoneyf rom f or est sf ort radi ti
onal brew.
2. Theybel ievedi nauni versal God. Poli
ti
cal
3. Theyhaddi vinersandmedi cinepeopl e.
4. Theysanganddanceddur i
ngcer emoni es. 1. Theyhadadecent ralizedsy st em ofgov er nment .
2. Theyhadcl ansandsub- clans( Mbar i
)l i
vingi nt hesamer i
dge.
Poli
ti
calOr gani zat ion 3. Acl anorr idgewasunderaspokesper son( Mut hamaki )
.
4. Theywer er ul edbycounci lsofel der s( Ki ama) .
1. Theywer er uledbycounci lsofel ders 5. Thecounci lsofel der sper formedv arioust asksi ncluding
2. Theyhaddecent r
alizedf ormsofgov ernment reli
gious, admi nistrativeandj udi cial.
3. Counci lsofel dersset tleddi sputes,presidingoverrel
igi
ous 6. Ther eexi sted2gener ationset s(Mar iika) :Mwangi andMai na,
cer emoni es, decl ari
ngwarandpeace, soundwar ni
ngwhen witheachper formingl eader shi pski ll
sf oraper iodoft ime.
disast erst roke, spokesper sonoft heircommuni ti
es,decidedon 7. Theyhadacl assofwar riorsf ordef ense, di r
ect edbycounci l
s
inter -
tr
ibal mar ri
ages, setdat esforsoci alfunct
ions. ofel der s.
4. Somehadher editaryleader ship. 8. Theyhadot herl eader sl i
ket hepr ophet s, pr i
est sanddi vi
ners
whopl ay edi mpor tantpol iti
cal rolei nt hesoci et y.
Economi cOr gani zat i
on 9. Somei ndividual sr oset ot heposi ti
onofpol i
ti
cal impor tancein
the19thCent uryasar esul tofexempl arycont ribut i
ont ot he
1. Tr adedwi t
ht heirnei ghbour ingcommuni ti
es societyandweal thacqui red.
2. TheyCul tivat edandgr ewcr opslikemi ll
et.
3. Theypr acticedl i
vest ockkeepi ngl i
kecat t
le. Functi
onsofCounci l
sofEl dersamongt heAgi kuy u.
4. Theyf ishedal ongr iversandl akes
5. Theymadecr af t
sl i
kePot t
er yandbasket ry 1. I tset t
leddi sput es/Mai nt ainedl awandor der .
6. Theydi di r
onwor kingf ort ool sandweapons. 2. I tmadel awsf orthecommuni ty.
7. Theypr acticedhunt ingandgat heri
ngf orwi l
danimalsand 3. I tpuni shedl awbr eaker s/Act edascour tofappeal .
fruits 4. I tdeclar edwarandpeace.
8. Theyal sopr acticedcat tler aidi
ngf rom theirnei
ghbour i
ng 5. I tpresi dedov erreligiousf unct i
onsl ikebl essedwar riorsbefor
e
communi ties goingf orwar .

Agi
kuy
u Amer
u

Soci
al Soci
al

1. Thef amilywast hesmal lestsocial unit . 1. Rel atedf ami li

esf ormedacl ane. g.Igembe, Tigani a,Thar aka,
2. Rel atedfami l
iesf or medacl an( Mbar i)whi chli
v edindef i
ned Iment i
,Mwi mbi andChukawhi chwer emost lyfoundonr i
dge
area. tops( Mwi r
iga).
3. Theymar kedinitiationbyci rcumci si onbot hboy sand 2. I nsomecases, i
ndividual ridgescombi nedt ocr eat elargerunit
s
cli
tori
dect omyf orgi rls. especiallydur i
ngper i
odofwar .
4. Theyj oi
nedageset saf terinit
iati
on( riikaandmar ii
ka),andt hey 3. Mar ri
agewasi mpor tantandexogamous.
wer etaughtaboutt hevaluesoft hesoci ety. 4. Ther ewasasy stem ofage- sets(Nt huki )basedon
5. Theybel i
ev edint heexi stenceofacr eat orGodwhom t hey cir
cumci sionofbot hboy sandgi rlsaf terwhi cht heywer e
referr
edtoasNgai .Theybel i
evedhel iv edont opofMt .Kenya. groupedont o.
6. Theyhaddi vi
ner swhoi nterpretedGod’ smessage. 5. Af tercircumci sion,they oungboy sj oinedt hewar ri
orcl ass
7. Theyhadmedi cinemen&women( MunduMugo) (Ramar e)f ordef ence.
8. Theyhadsacr edpl aces/shr i
nesf orwor shi
p,prayersand 6. Af termar ri
age, awomanl ookedf oranel derlyladywhowoul d
offeri
ngse. g.Mugumot ree. behermi d-wif
e, andt hef ormercoul dgi v ehergi ft
sof tenly.
9. Theybel i
ev edinancest ralspirit
s, andhencepour edlibati
onst o 7. Mal echi l
dr enunder wentsev eralstagesbef or et heywer e
appeaset hem. consider edmat ureandr esponsi ble.
10. Mar ri
agewasi mpor tant,butex ogamous. 8. Thest agesensur edupr ightbehav i
our ,instillcour age, enhance
11. Theyhaddi vi
sionofl abouraccor dingt ogenderandage. devotiont othecommuni tyet c.
12. Theyhadgener ationset s-Mwangi andMai na. 9. Theybel i
ev edinasupr emeGod( Mur ungu/babawi i
tu) -t
he
Sun/cr eat or
.
Whatt
heybor
rowedf
rom t
heGumba. 10. Theybel i
ev edint heexi stenceofancest ralspiri
tswhowat ched
overthel iving.
1. Age-setsystem 11. Theygav esacr ifi
ces, l
ibat i
onandof feringst ot heirGod.
2. Tabooagai nstf
isheating. 12. Thereexi st edacl assofmedi ci
nepeopl ewhot reat edt hesick
3. Breedingofcattl
e andcl eansedt hepeopl ewhobecameuncl eant hrought heir
4. Circumcisi
on/Cl i
tor
idectomy badbehav i
our.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 3
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
13. Theyalsohadprophet
s(Aror
ia)i
ncl
udingRai
boni
whohadt
he
abi
li
tytofor
etel
thefutur
e. Pol
it
ical
14. Constr
ucti
onofhouseswasdonebyl adi
es.
1. Thebasi cpol iti
caluni twast heclan, f
or medbyr elatedfami l
i
es
Economi
cs 2. Theywer eruledbycounci lofelders/Decent r
alizedsy stem of
gov er
nment .
1. Theyculti
vatedl andandgrewcr opslikemil
let 3. Theyhadage- setsandage- grades,whi chprovi
dedwar riorsf or
2. Theykeptlivestocke.g.goats. defense.
3. Theytradedwi ththei
rneighbour s. 4. Theyhadj uniorelders/Anake, I
ntermedi at
e/medi um elder s/
4. Ironworkersandt heymadet ool
sandweapons Nthele,fullel
der s/At humiamaki valoandSeni ormostel ders/
5. Someoft hem di dhunti
ng&gat hering,whi
cht heylear
ntfrom Athumi amaI thembo.
theAthi. 5. Theyal sohadcl anel ders.
6. Madecr aft
se. g.basketsandpot t
ery/Madel eatherworkse.
g. 6. Ther eti
redel dersadv i
sedseni oreldersoni mpor t
antmat ters
sandals. affecti
ngt hecommuni ty
7. Counci l
sset t
leddi sput es
Pol
it
ical 8. Theyhadami l
itar
ygr oup( kival
o)whi chwasdi sbandedaf t er
war .
1. Basicpoliticalunitwast hef ami l
yheadbyt hef ather . 9. Inthe19thCent ury,cer t
ainpersonaliti
esacquiredpol it
ical
2. Theyhadadecent rali
zedgov ernmentst ruct ure/Theywer e statusandwer ereferredt oaschi efsfoll
owingamassi ngof
rul
edbyseni orcounci lsofel ders(Nj ur
i Ncheke) . weal t
hf r
om t rade.
3. Severalrelatedf ami li
esf ormedacl anheadedbyacl ancouncil
ofelders( Kiama) . Funct
ionsofcounci
lsofel
der
samongt
heAkamba.
4. Counci l
sofel der sset tl
eddi sputes, deli
ber atedondayt oday
acti
v i
ti
esadmi nisteredj ustice,sol
v eddi sput es. 1. Theypreparedthey outhforwar/Declaredwarandpeace.
5. NjuriNchekesol vedl andandi nheritancedi sput es,presided 2. Theypresidedoverreli
giousandotherrit
uals.
overmaj orsoci al /reli
giousf unctions, actedascour tofappeal, 3. Theywer ethecustodiansofthesoci
al codeofethicsamong
advisedwar ri
ors,negot iatedpeace, andmadel aws. theAkamba.
6. Theyhadwar ri
orswhodef endedt hecommuni ty ,
pr ovi
dedby 4. Theyofferedadvi
cet othepeoplewhenneedar ose.
age-sets. 5. Theyrul
edt hecommuni t
y/Settl
eddisputes.
7. Reli
giousl eadersl ikeRai boni orprophet si nfluencedpol i
tical
admi ni
stration.
8. Theirsystem ofgov ernmental t
ernat edbet weent wo
organizati
onsnamel yKi rugaandNt i
baev ery14y earsandeach
hadi t
sownar myr egiment . Abagusi
i

Akamba Soci
al

Soci
al 1. Severalrel
atedfamili
esformedacl an.
2. I
nit
iationwasmar kedbyci r
cumcisionforboysandgir
ls.
1. Thef ami l
ywast hesmal lestsoci alunit
. 3. Theiniti
atedboysformedage- set
s
2. Theyhadcl ansf ormedbyr el atedf amil
ies 4. Theybel i
evedincreatorGod(Engoro)andmankind(Ebirecha)
3. Mar ri
agewasexogamous. 5. Theyof f
eredsacrif
ices
4. Onewhov i
olatedt henor msoft hecommuni t
ye.g.murdered 6. Theyhadspeci alpeopleli
kedivi
ners,seer
scall
edOmur aguri
wasbani shed. 7. Marri
agewasexogamous.
5. Theyhadage- set sformedbyboy swhower ecir
cumcised
together.Theyal soci r
cumci sedgi rls. Economi
c
6. Theyhadcr eatorGod( Mul ungu)
7. Theypr ay edt hroughancest ral spiri
ts 1. Theykeptl i
vestocke. g.cat t
le
8. Theyof feredsacr ifi
ces 2. Theypract i
cedlandcul tivatedformi l
let
9. Theyhadher balistandmedi cinemenandwomen 3. Theypract i
cedfishingal ongr i
versandl akes.
10. Theyhadsacr edpl aces/shr i
nes, most l
yunderfi
g 4. Theyhunt edandgat heredf orwil
dani malsandfrui
ts.
trees/baobab. 5. Theypract i
cedIronwor kingforweaponsandt ool
s.
11.Theyhadcer emoni eswher et heysanganddanced. 6. Theymadecr aftse.g.basket s.
13.Dailyprayerswer esai dbyt hef ami l
yhead. 7. Theyraidedf orl
ivestockf r
om theirneighbour
ingcommunit
ies.
14.Gamesl i
kegambl ingwer eal sopopul ari
nt hecommunity. 8. Theytradedwi ththeirnei ghboursliketheLuoandt heki
psi
gis.
14.Theybel i
ev edt hatGodexi stedi n3f orms:MulunguMumbi
(cr
eator),Mul ungu Factor
st hatinf
luencedtheAbagusi
itobecomecr
opf
armer
sby
Mwal wangi (di
v i
ner )andMul ungu( giver
). thebeginningofthe19thCent
ury.

Economi
c 1. Possessi
onofironandi ronworkingski
l
ls.
2. Set
tlementi
nar easwi t
hsuitabl
ecli
mate.
1. Theykeptli
vestocke.g.cattle 3. Exi
stenceofi
ndi genouscrops.
2. Theyalsogrewcr opse.g.mi ll
et 4. Fer
til
esoil
sintheirareasofsettl
ement.
3. Theyhuntedandgat heredf orwildani
mal sandfrui
ts
4. Theymadecr aftse.g.basketsandpot tery. Pol
it
ical
5. Theyi
ronwor kedf ortool
sandweapons
6. Theywerebee-keeper sfortradit
ional
br ew. 1. Thebasicpol
it
icaluni
twast
heclan,
for
medbyrel
atedf
ami
li
es
7. Theytr
adedwi ththeirneighbouringcommuni t
ies. 2. Theyhadheredit
arycl
anchi
efs(
Omugambi
),whowereacr
own
(chi
ndogot
e).

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 4
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
3. Theyhadadecent ral
i
sedsy stem ofgov ernment.
4. Theywerer ul
edbycounci lsofelder s. Ni
lot
es
5. Thecouncilsofel derssolvedlanddi sput esandmaint ai
nedl
aw
andorder. Nandi
6. Abagambi presidedov erreli
giouscer emoni es.
7. Theage-setsprov idedwar r
iorsfordef ense. Soci
al
8. Catt
lebomaswer eusedasmi li
tarygr oundf ort
rai
ning.
9. Therewerer i
tuallikediv
iners,medi cinemenandheal erswho 1. Thef ami l
ywast hesmal lestsoci al uni t.
pl
ayedpoliti
calroles. 2. Theyhadage- set s; Mai na,Kor ongor o, Sawe, Chumo, Kipkoimet,
Kaplel ach, Kimny igei andNy ongi
3. I ni
ti
at ionwasmar kedbyci rcumci sionf orboy sandgi rl
s, and
Mij
ikenda thereaf tert heboy swer egr oupedi nt oage- set s.
4. Theyhadcer emoni est omar kchangef rom onest aget o
Theyfal
l under9cl ans, namel y:Ribe, Rabai ,Jibana, Gi
ri
ama, Chonyi
, anot her.Thi swast hesaketapEi to( Sl aught erofabul lock) .
Kambe, Digo( kwal e),Kauma&Dur uma. 5. Mar riagewaspol y gamousandexogamous.
6. Theybel iev edi nacr eatorGod- Asis.
Social 7. Theypr ay edt oGodt hroughancest ral spiri
ts.
8. Theyhadacl assofspeci alistsli
kepr ophetsandmedi cine
1. Thesmal lestsoci al unitwast hef ami l
y. peopl e.
2. Theywer eor ganizedi nclansf or medbyr el
atedfamili
es. 9. Theyhadr eli
gi ousl eader s,withOr koi yotast heov erall
.
3. Theyf ormedageset safterci rcumci sion. 10. Relatedf ami liesf or medacl an
4. Theybel iev edint heexi stenceofoneGod-Mul ungu. 11. Theyhadsacr edpl acesofwor shippi ngandof fer
ingsacr i
fices.
5. Theyof fer edsacr if
icest oappeaseMul ungu 12. Educat i
onwasi nf or mal andt heel der si mpar tedknowl edgei n
6. Theymadepr ayersdi rectlyt oMul ungu. they out hs.
7. Pr i
est spr esidedov ercer emoni esandr i
tuals.
8. Ot herpeopl esuchaspr ophet s, medi cinemenanddi viner s Economi cs
(Waf i
si)play edani mpor tantr ol einthesoci ety
.
9. Theybel iev edinancest ral spiritswhogui dedfamili
esand 1. Theywer ei nv olvedi nhunt ingandgat her i
ngf orwi l
dani mal s
medi atedbet weent hem andMul ungu. andf r uit
s
10. Theel derlymember soft hesoci et yi
mpar tedsociet
alv alues 2. Theywer epast or alists, t
heykeptl ivest ockl ikecat tl
e
andnor mst othey out hs. 3. Theycul tivatedl andandgr ewcr opsl ikemi l
let
11. Labourwasdi videdaccor dingt ogenderasmenbui ltthe 4. Theyt radedwi thnei ghbour ingcommuni ti
es
housesandchi ldrenl ookedaf t erdomest i
canimals. 5. Theypr act icedi r onwor kingf orweaponsandt ools
12. Socialcer emoni eswer emar kedwi thsongsanddance. 6. Theymadecr af tse. g.basketandpot s
13. Theypr act icedexogamy . 7. Theyr aidedt hei rnei ghbour ingcommuni ti
esf orcat tl
eandl and.

Economi
c
Pol
it
ical
1. Theycult
ivatedl andandgr ewcr opse.
g.yams
2. Theymadecr aftse.g.basket sandpots. 1. Thesmal l
estpol i
ticalunitwast hefami l
yheadedbyt hef at
her
3. Theykeptliv
est ocke. g.goats. whohandl edinternal matter sli
kedi scipli
neandi nheri
tance.
4. Theyfi
shedal ongr i
v ersandl akes. 2. Theyhadadecent r al
izedsy stem ofgov ernment,headedbya
5. Theybartertradedwi tht hei
rneighbours. council
ofelderswhoact edast hehighestcour t
.
6. Theyhuntedandgat her edforwi l
danimalsandfr
uit
s. 3. Theyhadnei ghbour -
hoodpol i
ticalunits(Kokwet)undera
7. Theyalsopract i
cedi ronwor kingforweaponsandtool
s. council
ofelderswhohandl edmat ter
saf fect
ingthenei ghbour-
hood.
4. Theclanwas3rdunderacl ancounci lofelderswhodeal twit
h
grazi
ngrights.
Pol
it
ical 5. Theyhadage- setswhi chpr ovidedwar r
iorsfordefenseoft he
communi tyagainstext ernal attacks.
1. Theywer eorgani zedin4-6clanswithmanysub-cl
ans. 6. Bythe19thCentur y, t
heOr koiyothadbecomei nf
luent
ial inbot
h
2. Age-setspr
ov idedwar ri
orsfordefense spir
it
ualandpol it
ical aff
airsoft hecommuni ty.
3. Theyhadcounci l
sofel ders(Kambi)/Theyhadadecentrali
zed
syst
em ofgov ernment . Funct
ionsofOr
koi
yot
.
4. Youngmenbecamemember sofage-set
saft
ercir
cumcision
andtookparti npol i
ti
calacti
vit
ies. 1. Presidedov err
eligi
ouscer emoni esandf unctions.
5. Thecouncilofel dersadmi ni
steredthecl
anandwasf i
nalcourt 2. Advisedcouncil ofel
der sonmat t er
sofr unningoft he
ofAppeal communi t
y.
6. Councilmeetingswer echair
edbyheadmen. 3. Advisedandbl essedt hewar ri
orsbef or
er ai
dingorwagi ngwar.
7. Theyliv
edinf orti
f i
edv i
l
lagesforsecuri
ty/
def
ense. 4. Arbit
ratedincasesanddi sputesbet weenmember soft he
communi t
yandacounci l ofelders/Ar bitr
atedini nter-
clan
Funct
ionsofKambi
. di
sput es.
5. Hef oretol
dwhatwast ohappen.
1. Administr
ationoft hecl an. 6. Hewasconsul tedonmat tersofsacr i
fi
ceandt r
ansf erofpower
2. Set
tli
ngdi sput es. fr
om oneagegr oupt oanot her.
3. Maintai
ningl awandor der. 7. Hadabi li
tytomaker ain.
4. I
tactedast hef i
nalcour tofAppealonj
udici
almat
ter
s. 8. Wast hechiefmedi cineman.
5. I
tpresidedov errel
igi
ousmat ter
sandceremoni
es. 9. Wast heov eral
lpoli
ti
cal leader ,
henceauni fyi
ngf actorinthe
6. I
tdeclaredwaront hei
rnei ghbours. communi t
y.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 5
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
6. Hearbi
tr
atedincasesinvolvi
ngcounci
lsofelder
sand
Maasai membersofdiffer
entclans.
7. Hehadtheabil
itytomaker ai
nbycommuni cati
ngwi t
hthe
Soci
al spi
ri
tsoftheancestor
s.
8. Hewasconsultedwhendi sast
ersl
ikedroughtst
ruck.
1. Thebasi csoci alunitwast hef amilycompr isi
ngt hef ather,wif
e
/wi v
esandt hechi ldren.
2. Theyhadcl ansmadeupofr elat
edf ami li
es Luo
3. Theyhad2gr oups; Purko( pastr
ali
sts)andKwav i (
Iloikop)
(culti
vat
or s) Theyor
igi
nat
edf
rom Pubungu/Pakwachbef
oreent
eri
ngKeny
a.
4. Theyhadage- sets/age- groupswhi chwer emadeupofpeopl e
whower eci r
cumci sedatt hesameper iod.Theyci rcumci sed Economi
c
bothboy sandgi r
ls.
5. Believedint heexi stenceofasupr emeGod- Enkai,whowast he 1. Theytr
adedwi ththeirneighboringcommuni tiesl
iket
he
creatoroft heuni ver se. Abal
uhy a.
6. Theyhadr eligiousleader se.g.Laibonwhomedi atedbet ween 2. Theymadecr aftsli
kepot s.
thepeopl eandEnkai . 3. Theyadapt edculti
vat i
onofl andf orcropsfrom t
heBant
u.
7. Theyof feredsacr i
ficest oGodi nspeci alplaces/cel ebrated 4. Theykeptlivestockf orskinsandmi l
k.
theEunot ocer emonyt hatmar kedgr aduat i
onf r
om mor anhood 5. Theydidf i
shingalongr iv
er sandlakes.
tojuniorelder s. 6. Theyl
ear ntironwor kingfrom theBant u.
8. Theybel ievedi ntheexi st
enceofancest r
alspiri
tswhom t hey 7. Theyalsopr acti
cedhunt ingandgat hering.
revered.

Soci
al

Economi
c 1. Fami l
ywast hebasi csoci alunit;headedbyt hef ather
(Jaduong).
1. Theypr acti
sedhunt i
ngandgat heringforwil
danimalsand 2. Rel atedfamili
esf ormedacl an
fr
uits 3. Theywer epol y
gamousandexogamousi nmar ri
age
2. Theywer enomadi cpast ral
i
sts,beli
evedthatal
lthel
ivest
ockon 4. Theyhadacl assofspeci al
izedpeopl elikeprophet s.
earthbelongedt ot hem. 5. Theyhadspeci alwor shipplaces/Shr i
nes
3. TheKwav iculti
vatedl andandgr ewcrops.Theyacquir
edthi
s 6. Theybel i
evedinacr eatorGod- Ny asaye
practi
cef r
om t heAgi kuy u. 7. Theybel i
evedinl i
feaf terdeathandr ei
ncarnation
4. Theyr aidedf orlivestockandl and 8. Theybel i
evedingoodandbadspi ri
ts.
5. Theyacqui redt r
adingf rom theAgi kuyu 9. Theyhadr eli
giousl eader swhopossessedaspi r
it-
Juogi
.
6. Theymadecr aft
sl i
kebasket s 10. Ini
tiat
ionwasmar kedbyr emov alof6lowert eethforbot
hmen
7. TheyI ronwor kedf orweaponsandt ool
s andwomen.
8. Theymi nedr edochr eandsal t. 11. Afterini
ti
ati
on, onecoul dmar ry
12. Theyof f
eredsacr if
ices
Pol
it
ical 13. Theyhadcer emoni eswher et heysanganddanced.

1. Theywer edividedintosemi -i
ndependentuni t
seachwi t
hits Pol
it
ical
l
eader ,pastures,animal brandandwat eri
nguni ts.
2. Theywer eruledbycounci l
sofel dersconsi stingofr i
tuals 1. Theywer eor ganizedi ncl ans, madeupofr el
atedfami l
ies
l
eader sandcl anheads. 2. Theclansf ormedal ar gert err
itori
alunit(Gweng)whi chwas
3. Thedut iesofcounci lsofel der si
ncl udedmai ntai ni
ngl awand sel
f-governing.
order,declari
ngwaret c. 3. Eachclanwasgov ernedbyacounci lofel der
s
4. Theyhadageset sthatper formedl eader shipr olesint he 4. Thecounci ladmi nisteredj usticeandser v
edascour tofappeal
societyinturns. 5. Theyhadasy stem ofchi ef tai
nshi p(
Ruot h)whoadmi nister
ed
5. Theyhadacl assofwar r
iors(mor ans)whodef endedt he wit
hhel pofcounci lofel der s
communi tyandcar ri
edoutr aids. 6. Therewer er i
tualexper tse. g.diviner
swhopl ayeddifferent
6. Ol oiboni wast hemosti mpor tantr i
tual l
eader, andl at
er( 19th poli
ti
cal r
oles.
century)infl
uencedpol i
ti
cal mat ters. 7. Fami l
yaffairswer eunderal owercounci l
calledDoho
7. Theyhadadecent rali
zedsy stem ofgov ernment . compr i
singofsev eral mal eheads.
8. Theyhadr i
tual l
eaderst opr esideov erreli
giousf unct
ionsand 8. Therewasacl assofwar riorsf ordefense( Thuondi)with
advisethecommuni tydur i
ngcr i
sis. OsumbaMur way iast hel eader .
9. Theywentt hrough4st ages: boyhood( 1Laiyak) ,Warriorhood 9. Theyhadadecent rali
zedsy st
em ofgov ernment,withami l
i
tar
y
(1Imur an),JuniorelderandSeni orel der. l
eader( OsumbaMur way i)
10. Theyl aterhadOl oi
bonast hei rov erallpoli
ti
cal leader.
CUSHI
TES
Funct
ionsofOl
oibon.
Somal
i
1. Hepresidedoverr
eli
giousfuncti
onsli
keofferi
ngsacr i
fi
ces.
2. Headv i
sedandblessedwar r
ior
sbeforewar/declaredwar. Resul
tsoft
hemi
grat
ionandset
tl
ementofSomal
iint
oKeny
a.
3. Headmi ni
ster
edMaasai l
and/heactedasauni fyingfactor
.
4. Headv i
sedcounci
lsofeldersonmatterspertai
ningdail
y 1. Theyint
ermarr
iedwi
tht
heothercommuni
ti
esaroundt
hei
r
r
unningofthecommuni ty. areasofset
tl
ement.
5. Heforetol
dwhatwoul dhappeninfut
ure. 2. Therewasexpansi
onoft
radi
ngacti
vi
ti
eswit
hthei
rnei
ghbour
s.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 6
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
3. Expansionofagr i
cultureintheregionduet odemandof 8. Theyal
sopr
act
isedl
andcul
ti
vat
ioni
ncr
opsl
i
kemi
l
let
.
agricult
uralproducebySomal is.
4. Increasedconf l
ict
sov ercontr
olofr esources. BORANA
5. Displacementandr edistri
buti
onofpeopl einthear
easwhere
theyset t
led. Soci
al
6. Culturalexchangee. g.communi tiesbor r
owedI sl
am from
Somal i. 1. Thenucl earf ami l
ywast hesmal l
estsoci alunitheadedbyt he
7. Assimi l
ationofsomecommuni t
iese. g.Oromo. fat
her .
8. Someoft hem adopt edcr opfarmingpr acti
cewhent heyset
tl
ed 2. Theyhadcl ansf or medbyr elat
edf ami li
es
alongpot enti
alareasl ikeri
vervall
ey s. 3. Theyal sohadt hecamp, madeupofunr elatedfami l
i
es, l
edby
mostseni ormar riedman.
Soci
al 4. Theyhadage- setsmadeupofboy sci r
cumci sedatthesame
ti
me.
1. Relatedf amil
iesformedacl an 5. Theyal sohadage- gradesrangi ngf rom infancyt ooldage
2. Theyhadage- sets havi
ngi tsownr i
ght sanddut i
es.
3. Theymar kediniti
ati
onbyci r
cumci singthei
rboy sandgir
ls. 6. Ther eexi stedot herspeci alpeopl ewhower er espectedlike
4. Theyhadsupr emeGod- Waq. medicinepeopl eandpr ophet s.
5. Theyhadr eli
giousleaderswhopr esidedov err
eligi
ous 7. Theywor shippedapower ful God-Wak/ Waqt owhom t hey
functions. off
eredi ndividual andf amilypray ers.
6. Theyl ateradoptedI sl
am. 8. Theheadoft hef ami l
yof f
er edsacr i
ficesatev erynewmoon.
7. Theybel ievedintheexistenceofancest ralspi
ri
ts. 9. Theyhadr eli
giousshr i
neswher et heyof feredpr ayer
sand
8. Theyhadspeci alplacesofworship/ shr
ines. sacri
fices.
9. Mar r
iagewasexogamousandpol y gamous. 10. Theybel i
ev edi nancest ralspiri
tswhopr otectedt heli
ving.
10. Proper t
ywasi nheritedbytheeldestson, andthensharedwi t
h 11. Theyhadpat ri
li
neal system ofi nheritance, bythe1stbor nwho
theot hers. sharedwi tht hey oungerones.
11. Theyhadcer emoni esinwhichtheysanganddanced. 12. Marriagewaspol ygamousandexogamous.

Thei
rrel
igi
ouspr
act
ices.

1. Theybel
ievedinGodwhom t heyrefer
redt
oasWaq.
2. Theyhadreli
giousleader s.
3. Theyhadancest r
al spir
it
s. Economi
c
4. Theyhadsacredpl acesf orworship.
5. Theyl
aterembr acedI sl
am inthe16thCent
ury
. 1. Theywer enomadi cpast or alists/Keptl i
vest ocklikecamel ,
sheep, goat sandcat tle.
2. Theyt radedwi t
ht hei rnei ghbour sliket hePokomoand
Miji
kenda.
Poli
ti
cal 3. Theydi dhunt ingandgat her i
ngf orwi l
dani mal sandf ruit
st o
supplimentl ocallypr oducedf oodst uf fs.
1. Theyhadadecent ralizedsy st em ofgov ernmentbasedon 4. Theymadecr af t
sl i
kebasket sandpot tery.
clansmadeupofr elat edf ami li
es 5. Theyi r
onwor kedf orweaponsandt ool s.
2. Eachcl anwasi ndependentofeachot herbutcoul dcome 6. Theyr aidedf orcat tlewhi chear nedt hecommuni tyaddi t
ional
togethert of aceacommonenemy wealth.
3. Thecl anwasheadedbyacounci lofel ders 7. Theydi df ishingf ort hosewhoset tledar oundr i
versandl akes
4. Thecounci lofel der shaddut iesl ikepr esidingov erassembl ies, 8. Thosewhol ivedinwat er edar eascul tivatedandgr ewcr ops
mai ntaininglawandor deret c. l
ikemi llet,sor ghum andy ams.
5. Theyhadanov erall chief( sultan)buthi spower sdi dnot
super sedet hoseoft hecounci l
ofel ders.
Hewasmai nlyanegot iatorbet weendi fferentclansaswel las Pol it
ical
conf i
rmi nganewaSul tani nt oof fi
ceasaf ormal it
y
6. Theyhadage- setsy stem whi chpr ov i
dedwar r
iorsf ordefense 1. Rel atedf ami l
iesf ormedacl anwhi chwast hebasi cpol i
tical
ofthecommuni tyagai nstext ernal attacksandacqui r
ingweal th unit.
forthem. 2. Theyhadacent r
al i
zedsy st em ofgov ernment .
7. Eachage- setper formedspeci fi
cpol it
ical dutiesf oraper i
odof 3. Theyal sohadacounci l ofel der s
ti
me. 4. Thecounci lofelder smai nt ainedl awandor der,enf or
cedr ules,
8. Wi t
ht hei ntr
oduct ionofI slam, thecounci lofelder swas regulatedbehav i
oroft hecl anmember s,madedeci si
ons
replacedbyShei khsascommuni tyleader s. concer ningwarandpeace; andt heirdeci sionwasf i
nal
9. Wi t
ht hei ntr
oduct ionofI slam, theirpolit
ical system wast hen 5. Theyl i
v edi nacampwi tht heseni ormar riedmanr ecognizedas
basedont heI slami corShar ialaw. thehead, whoenf orcedl awsandset tl
eddi sput eswi t
hinthe
camp.
Economi c 6. Theywer edi vi
dedi nt o2gr oups/hal vesf oref f
ect ive
admi ni
st ration.
1. Theywer enomadi cpast orali
st sandkeptcamel . 7. Eachhal fwasadmi nist eredbyal eadercal ledKal lu.
2. Thei rst aplef oodswascamel meat . 8. Theposi ti
onofKal luwasher editaryandhehadbot hpoliti
cal
3. Theyt radedwi t
ht hei rnei ghbour i
ngcommuni ti
es. andr el
igiousdut ies.
4. Theymadecr aftse. g.basket s. 9. Kal l
uset tl
edmaj ori nt er -
cl andi sput es.
5. Theyhunt edandgat her edf orwi l
dani mal sandf ruits. 10. Heal soadmi nisteredwi tht hehel poft hecounci lofel ders.
6. Theyf ishedal ongr i
v ersandl akes. 11. Theyhadacl assofwar rior swhodef endedt hecommuni ti
es
7. Theyi ronwor kedf orweaponsandt ools. againstext ernalat tacksandor gani zedr aidsagai nst

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 7
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
nei
ghbour
s.
1. I
tenabledthem tousethecompasspointinl
ocat
ingdir
ect
ion.
2. I
tfaci
l
itat
edt heconst
ructi
on/useofboat
s.
3. I
tenabledthem todevel
op/applyt
heskil
l
sofmapr eadi
ng.

CONTACTSBETWEENEASTAFRI
CAANDTHEOUTSI
DEWOLDUP Or
gani
zat
ionoft
het
radebet
weent
heAr
absandEastAf
ri
ca.
TOTHE19TH CENTUARY.
 Foreigntrader scamet otheEastAf r
icanCoastusi ngdhowsor
-
Theear lyvisit
orst otheEastAf ri
canCoasti ncludedEgypt
ians, sail
ingshipswhi chr eliedonmonsoonwi ndsf ort
ravel
.
Phoenici
ans( f
rom Lebanon) ,I
ndonesi ans,Tur
ks, Romans,Syri
ans,  Theyexchangedt hei
rgoodswi t
ht heCoast algoodsatv ari
ous
Greeks,I
ndi ans,Chinese,Persians,Arabs,peoplef r
om Bur
ma, mar ketCent r
esl ikeSof al
a.
Thail
and, SpiceandMal ay si
a.  Majorexpor tsf rom theCoasti ncludedGol d, I
vory,
Slav
es,
Theear l
iestincludedEgy pti
ans,Indonesians,Romans, Per
sians, Rhinohor ns,Tor toiseshel l
s,Honey ,
Beewax, CoconutOi l
etc.
Syri
ans,Phoeni cians,Greeks,Chinese, Ar
abs,Indians.  Goldcamef r
om Sof alaandKi l
wa.
 Impor t
sincludedCot tonclothesf rom India, Si
lk,Weaponsf r
om
Ev
idence. MiddleEast .

Modeoft radewasbar ter
.
1. TheGr aeco- RomanDocument arywhi chmakesdi rect 
TheCoast alrulersor ganizedt hetradef r
om wi thi
nthei
rCoast al
refer encest otheEastAf ricanCoast . towns.
st
2. TheBook-Per i
plusoft heEr ythereanSea, wr i
ttendur i
ngthe1 
Majormar ketswer eEur ope,India,Chinaandt heMi ddl
eEast .
Cent uryADbyaGr eekMer chant ;ittalksaboutt hepeopl eand
placesal ongt heEastAf r
icanCoast . Resul tsoft het r
adebet weent heEastAf ri
canCoastandt he
3. Thewr iti
ngsbyaGr eekSchol ar-Claudi usPt olemy( Geography ). outsidewor ld.
Int hisbook, hemader eferencet ot heEastAf ri
canCoast
(AZANI A)andt het radeal ongt heCoast . 1.ManyAf ricanswer econv ertedtoIsl am.
4. TheSwahi liChroni cles(Hi stories)wr ittenbyt heCoast alpeople, 2.Newcr opswer ei ntroducedatt heE.Af ri
canCoast .
basedont heOr alTr adit
ions. 3.Gr owt hoft ownsandci ty-st
ates.
5. Nat ur al Historywr itt
enbyaRomanGeogr apherandHi st
orian- 4.Ri seofacl assofr ichmer chants.
Plinyaboutt r
adebet weent heCoastandI ndi a. 5.Decl i
neofl ocal indust riesast helocalstastedforei
gngoods.
6. Ar abt rav elerse.g.Al -Mosudi ,Al-Idri
si andI bnBat utawr ote 6.Dest ructionofwi ldlifeduet ocont inuedsear chforI
vory.
aboutpl acest heyv i
sitedatt heEastAf ri
canCoastand 7.War f
areduet osl avet rade.
i
nt er mar riageal ongt heCoastl i
neofE.A. 8.Introduct ionofcur r
encyasamedi um ofexchange.
7. Ar chaeol ogicalsitesal ongt heEastAf ri
canCoastal sohav e 9.I nternat i
onal r
elationswer eintroducedbet weenE.Af r
icaandt
he
evidencei nf orm ofar tif
act se. g.Pot ter y;thisi sev i
dentatGedi out sidewor ld.
andKi l
wabyDrKi rkmanandChi tti
ck( Archaeol ogists). 10.ExposedE.Af ri
ca, hencecol onization.
8. Chr istiant opogr aphyofCosmosI ndi coPl eat ust es. 11.Tr ader out eslaterdev elopedint omai nr oads.
Typesofev idenceaboutcont act sbet weent heKeny anCoastand
theoutsi dewor ldupt ot he1200AD. Cit
ySt at
es.
1. Ar
chaeol
ogicale.
g.rui
ns,coi
nsetc.  Thisi
sat ownoraci tywithi
tsowngov ernmentr esponsibl
efor
2. Wri
tt
ene.g.Ptol
emy ’
sGeography
. i
tsownaf fair
sindependentofanyexter
nalinf
luence.
3. Pr
esenceofcropsindi
genoustotheot
herpar
tsoft
hewor
ld.
 Suchcit
ySt ateswereint
roducedattheEastAfricanCoastby
4. Li
ngui
sti
cs.
theAr
abs.
 Theyi
ncludedMombasa, Kil
wa,Pemba, Sofal
a,Mal i
ndi,Pate,
Ar
abs.
Zanzi
baret c.
Reasonsf
ort
hecomi
ngoft
heear
lyv
isi
tor
s.
Fact
orsf
ort
hegr
owt
hoft
hecoast
alci
tyst
at he19thCent
esbyt ury
.
1. Theywantedtotr
adeandcont r
ol t
heIndi
anOceantrade.
2. Somecameaspol it
ical/rel
igi
ousr ef
ugees. 1. Lucr ati
veIndiaOceanTr adebasedoni temslikesl aves,gold
3. Theycamet ospr
eadt hei
rreli
gion-
Isl
am. andi r
on.
4. Theycamet oest
abli
shset t
lements. 2. Fav orablecli
mat eint ermsofpl entyofrai
nfall
.
5. Theyalsocameforexplorat
ion/want edtof
indoutaboutthe 3. Fer tilesoilwhichencour agedt hedev el
opmentofagr icult
ure.
resour
cesalongt
hecoast . 4. Gooddeepnat uralhabour swhi chmadet hedocki ngofshi ps
easi er.
Fact
or st
hatfaci l
it
atedt hei
rcomi ng. 5. Monsoonwi ndswhi chensur edcheapt ransportationfortrader
s.
6. Act ualsettl
ementofpeopl eatt hecoastwi t
hur bancul tur
esi.e
1. Accessibi l
i
tyoft heKeny anCoastv iaRedseaandI ndianocean. l
ivingi nclusteredsettlement s.
2. Knowl edgeofboatmaki ng/saili
ngships/dhows. 7. Ri seofI slam inArabiaencour agedAr absettl
ementatt he
3. Themonsoonwi ndswhi chpower edthei
rdhowsont othe coast .
Coast. 8. Def ensivesite/secur itye.g.Islands
4. Mar inetechnology ,asthecompasswasdev elopedtohelp 9. Weal t
hyandpower ful sult
answhocont roll
edt radeandsetup
them l
ocatedi r
ectionoft r
avel. compet i
ti
v ecommer ceandt ookpr i
deinbuildingci t
ies.
5. Deepnat uralharbourstodockt heirshi
psattheEastAf ri
can 10. Strongcent r
ali
zedgov ernment sbasedonshar ialaw
Coast. encour agedt hegrowt hofsomeoft hem l
ikeMal indi.

Howtheknowledgei
nmarinetechnol
ogyf
aci
li
tat
edt
hecomi
ngof Char
act
eri
sti
csoft
heCi
tySt
ates.
t
heearl
yvisi
tor
stotheKenyanCoast.
1. Ki
swahi
l
iwast
hel
anguage.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 8
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. I sl
am wast her eli
gion. wouldobtai
nfreshsuppliese.
g.frui
ts.
3. Theyat eori
ental f
oods/Spi ces. 7. Theywantedtoforcetheweal t
hyCoastalmerchants/Stat
es
4. Ar abi
candPer sianar chi t
ecturewasusedi nconstr
ucti
onof topaytaxestoPortugal
houses. 8. Theplacewasst r
ategi
cf ort
heprotect
ionofPortugueseshi
ps
5. Tr adewast hemai neconomi cactivi
ty/I ndiaoceantr
ade. agai
nsttheTurksandt heEgypti
ansintheregi
on.
6. Theal sopr acti
cedspi nningandweav ing.
7. Theyf ishedont heIndi anOcean. Thei
rConquest
.
8. Thepeopl ewer edividedi ntoMusl imsandAf ri
cans.
9. Theywer eruledbyI mams/Sul tans/Shei khs. 1. Thei rconquestst ar t
edi n1487, whenBar tholomewDi azcame
10. Theywer eindependentpol it
icalenti
ties. tof indt hesear outt oI ndia.
11. Theymi ntedandusedt heirowncoi ns/money . 2. VascodaGamat hencamet oMal indi i
n1498. Her evealedt o
12. Thepeopl ewor ewov enandsi lkclothes/Pr act
isedspi
nni
ng theKi ngaboutt heweal thoft heE.Af ricanCoast .
andweav ing. 3. TheKi ngt hensentt roopst ocapt uret hecont r ol ofthisCoast
fort heweal t
h.
Reasonsf ort hedecl ineoft hecoast alcitystatesaf ter1500. 4. Thef irstonecamei n1500l edbyPedr oAl v
ar esCabr aland
triedt ocapt ur eSof ala.
1. Cor rupt i
onbyt hePor tuguese, hencel ossofr evenue. 5. Thesecondonecamei n1502l edbyVascodaGama.He
2. Const antwar farebet weent hePor t
ugueseandt heCoast al conquer edKi lwaandf orcedt heSul tant opayt ributet o
towns. Por tugal .
3. I nvasi onoft heCoast al sett
lement sbyt heZi mba, who 6. Anot hert roopwassenti n1503underRuyLaur encoRav asco.
disrupt edt heeconomi cactivit
ies. Heat tackedSof al a,Maf ia, Zanzibar, andf orcedt heSul t
ant o
4. I ncreasedconf li
ct sbet weenci t
yst ates. payt het ributehehadagr eed.
5. Dr oughtspel lhinder edeconomi cact i
v i
ti
es. 7. Fr anciscod’ Al mei dacamewi t
hanot herf l
eeti n1505. He
6. Conf lictbet weent heMazr ui andBussai dif
ami li
esov er conquer edSof ala, Ki
lwaandLamu.
l
eader ship. 8. Bet ween1506t o1507, TristaodaCunhacamewi t
hanot her
7. Taxesl ev i
edfr om t hecoast alsettlement sbyt hecor r
upt fleet.Heat t
ackedOj a, Brav a,Socot ra, PateandLamu.
Por tugueseadmi nistratorsweakenedt heeconomi cbaseofthe 9. By1509, mostoft hei mpor tanttowns, Nor t
hoft heRuv uma
cityst ates. hadf allenundert hePor tugueser ule, butresistancescont inued.
8. Ri valrybet weenEur opeannat i
onsov erthecont rolofthetr
ade 10. By1589, alltheset tl
ement swer eundert hePor tugueser ule.
alongt hecoast/Eur opeancol onizati
onoft heregionandthei
r 11. I n1593, theybui l
tFor tJesus.
desi retocont r oltradingact i
v i
ti
es. 12. Theywer elat erchal l
engedbyt heDut ch,Briti
shandt heFrench.
9. Out breakofdi seasese. g.inGedi .
10. Exhaust ionofcommodi ti
esl i
keGol dinSof ala. Whyt heybui ltFor tJesus.

Resul
tsofthei
nter
act
ionbet
weent
hepeopl
eoft
heKeny
anCoast 1. Actasahi dingpl aceagai nstat tacksf rom theirenemi es.
andtheArabs. 2. Usedasabasef orsendi ngexpedi ti
onsagai nstresi st
ing
communi tiesoft hecoast .
1. Somepeopl eal ongt heKeny anCoastwer econv ertedtoIslam. 3. Usedi tf orst orageofar mament s/i temsbef oret r
anspor tati
on.
2. TheAr absi ntroducedI slami ccul ture/ar chi tect ur etothe 4. Usedaswat cht owert oseeat t
acker sf rom adi stance.
Coast alpeopl e. 5. Tobeusedasanadmi nistrat i
vebasebyt hePor tuguese.
3. TheAr absi ntroducednewcr opswhi chwer el at eradopt edby 6. Tobeusedasast orefort radei tems.
thecoast alpeopl e. 7. Tobeusedaspr i
sonf orwarcapt ives.
4. I ntroduct ionanddemandf orimpor tedcr opsl edt ot hedecline
oft raditional indust ries. Reasonsf ort hei rsuccess.
5. Somecommuni tiesl i
ket heAkambar esor t
edt oLongDi stance
Tr adei nsear chf orcommodi ties. 1. Theyhadsuper iorweaponsl ikecanonsascompar edtot he
6. Ther ewasani ncr easei npopul ationasmanyt rader ssett
ledat Coast al communi ti
es.
thecoast . 2. Theyhadawel l
-trainedar my/t heyor gani zedsur priseattacks
7. TheAr absest abl ishedci tyst at es/t ownsatt hecoast . andf oughtwi t
hdet erminat i
on.
8. TheI slami claw( shar i
a)andsy stem ofadmi nist rati
onwas 3. Di sunityandr i
valrybet weent hecoast al townshadmadet he
i
nt roducedbyt heAr absatt hecoast . divi
dedandweakwhi l
et hePor tuguesef oughtasauni tedf orce
9. Ther ewast hedev elopmentofKi swahi li
languageasar esultof /peopl e.
thei nteract i
onbet weenAr absandcoast al peopl e. 4. Theygotr einforcementf rom Goa, Indi a,Mozambi queand
10. Intermar ri
agebet weenAf ricansandAr absl edt ot he Portugal .
emer genceofWaswahi lipeopl e. 5. ThePor tuguesef or medal l
ianceswi thsomecoast al t
ownsl i
ke
Malindi .
Thecomi ngoft hePor tuguese. 6. Const antr aidsofcoast alst atesbyi nter iorcommuni t
ieslike
theGal la/Or omoandt heZi mbaf urtherweakenedt hem.
Reasonsf ort heircomi ng. 7. TheTur ksandt hePer siannav i
esi nt heI ndi
anoceanwer etoo
weakt oof feranyhel pt ot hecoast al communi ti
es.
1. Theycamet ocont rol theI ndi anOceanTr ade/Theycamet o 8. Theconst ructi
onoff or t
sbyt hePor tuguesee. g.fortJesus
tradewi ththeCoast al towns. enabledt hem t osust aint hei rcont rol ov erthear ea.
2. Theycamet of indt hesear outt oI ndi a. 9. Thehar shnessoft hePor t
ugueseadmi nistr
atorsmadet he
3. Theycamef orexpl orationoft heEastAf r i
canCoast . Afri
canst osubmi ttot heirrul e.
4. Theycamet ol ookf ort heLegendar yChr istianki ngPr ester
Johnandf orm anant i
-Musl im alliancewi thhi m. Functi
onsoft heircapt ains
5. Theycamet opr ot ectt heirt radingi nterest s/cr eat eat r
ading
empi reatt heEastAf ri
canCoast . 1. Col lectt axesf rom t hecoast al rulers.
6. Theycamet omaket hepl acear ef il
lingst at ionwher ethey 2. Toi mposei mpor tandexpor tduties.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 9
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
3. Tosuppressanyfor
m ofr esi
stanceorrebel
l
ion.  I
n1822,
hecapt
uredPembaandBr av
a.
4. Theywereresponsi
bleforgoodgov er
nanceonbehal
foft
he  I
n1823,
hecapt
uredBaj
unIsl
ands.
Vicer
oybasedinGoa-Indi
a.  I
n1837,
Hecapt
uredMombasa.
 I
n1840,
hemovedhiscapi
tal
from Muscatt
oZanzi
bar
.
Reasonsf
ort
hedecl
ineoft
hei
rrul
e.
Causesofconf li
ctsbet weent heMazr uiandBusaidi
1. Compet iti
onf rom ot herEur opeanpower sl i
ket heDut ch,French,
Germansandt heBr i
tish, whichr educedt heirpr ofi
ts 1. Toexpandcont r
ol overMombasa.
2. Coast al communi tieswer eassist edbyPer sians,Tur ksandt he 2. TheMazr uiwant edt obei ndependent .
Omani . 3. Mombasahadf oughtagai nstthePor t
ugueseanddidnotwant
3. Del ay si nr einfor cementduet olongdi st ance. tober uledbyanot herf or
eigner .
4. Tr opi cal diseasesaf fectedandev enki ll
edmostoft hem. 4. Tocont rol t
rade.
5. Theyhadcor ruptof f
icialswhosquander edt hetaxesandot her 5. TheMazr uiofMombasawer eawareoftheproblemsfaci
ngt he
gainsf rom t hecoast . rul
erofOman/ci vi
lwar .
6. Tr adeatt hecoastdecl inedandt her ef
or et hePor tuguesesaw
theircont rol asal iabi l
ity. Reasonswhyhemov edhi scapi tal.
7. Thei rset tlement satt heCoastwer eatt ackedbyt heZi mba
peopl e, thusmaki ngt hei rlif
edifficult(Loot ingandKi ll
ing). 1. Zanzi barhadapl easantcl i
mat easMuscatwasadeser t/hot
8. Har shPor tuguesehashr ulemadet heCoast alcommuni tiest o anddr y.
resentandr esistagai nstt hePor tuguese. 2. Needt ocont rolthet ownsofE.Af ri
canCoastmor eef
fect
ively.
9. Shor tageofper sonnel foradmi nistrati
onanddef enseas 3. Deephar borsfordocki ngt heirships.
Portugal wassmal l withasmal lpopul at ion. 4. Zanzi barwasst rategicall
yl ocatedtothemainlandandother
10. Forcibl euni onofPor tugal andSpai nbet ween1580- 1640l edt o townst huseasi l
ydef ensible.
theirnegl ectoft heir 5. Fer ti
lesui t
ablesoi l
sf orclov esandcoconuts.
possessi onsatt heEastAf ri
canCoast . 6. Needt oexpl oittradepot ent i
ali
ti
esbetweentheE.A.Candt he
11.Shor tageofessent i
al suppl iesli
kef ood. outsidewor ld.
12.Falloff ortJesusi n1698af ter33mont hssi egebyOmanAr abs. 7. Cl eanandsof tdr i
nkingwat er.
8. Thepeopl eofZanzi barhadbeenl oyalt
ohimt hr
oughoutthe
I
mpactoft hei rrule. struggl
e.

1. Theybui l
tFor tJesusf ordef ensepur posewhi chlaterbecame Contr
ibuti
onsofSay
yidSai
dtot
hecommuni
tyofKeny
anCoasti
n
at ouristat t
raction. the19thCent
ury
.
2. Thei rhar shandcr uel mannerofsuppr essingr ebell
ionsl edto
l
ossofl ives. 1. Heintr
oducedglovegrowing.
3. Theyi ntroducednewf oodcr opswhichar est aplefoodsf or 2. Heintr
oducedtheIndi
ancoi ns/Rupees,makingtradeeasier.
manyKeny ans. 3. Heencouragedforei
gntradewi t
hthecoastali
nhabitants.
4. Const antr ebel l
ionagai nstt hePor tugueser uleinterferedwi t
h 4. Heensuredpeaceandst abil
it
ybothatthecoastsandt he
thet radi ngact i
v i
tiesleadi ngt oit
sdecl i
ne. i
nter
ior.
5. Thecoast altownst hatresi stedthePor tugueser ulewer e 5. HeencouragedArabandSwahi l
itr
ader
st ovent
ureint othe
dest roy edandl ef tinruins/dest ructi
onofpr oper t
y. i
nter
ior.
6. Theyeducat edt hecoast al peopleonhowt ouseani mal 6. Heattr
actedIndi
anBanyanst otradeandactasmoneyl ender
s.
manur einf armi ngt husi ncr easi
ngcr opy i
elds. 7. Hesignedcommer ci
altr
eat i
eswithfor
eignnati
onslikeUSA,
7. Somewor dsbor r
owedf rom Por tuguesel anguageenr iched Fr
ance,GermanyandBr i
tain.
Kiswahi lilanguage.
8. ThePor tuguesei mposedheav ytaxationwhi chimpov eri
shed Factorsthatinf
luencedSay
yidSai
dtodev
elopagr
icul
tur
ein
thecoast al people.
Zanzibarinthe19thCent
ury.
9. Theyf ost eredgoodr elationsbet weent heE.Af r
icancoastand
I
ndi a.
1. Zanzibarhadfav orabl
eclimat eforclov
egrowing.
10. Theheav ytaxat i
ont heyi mposedont hecoast alpeople
2. Avai
labili
tyofslavelabour.
hinder edeconomi cdev el opmental ongt hecoast .
3. Avai
labili
tyofferti
lesoil
.
4. Avai
labili
tyofdeepnat uralhabourswhi chwouldpromotetr
ade
Est
abl
ishmentofOmanRul
e.
i
nagr icul
tur
alproducts.
5. Avai
labili
tyofmar ket.
 TheOmanAr abst ookov erthecontrolofE.Africafrom the 6. Avai
labili
tyofunoccupiedt ractsoflandinthemainland.
Por t
uguese.
 TheMazr ui, NabahanandBusai dif
ami li
esprov i
dedther ul
ers. ReasonswhyOmanrul
erswer
eint
erest
edi
nest
abl
ishi
ngt
hei
r
 Coast alcommuni tiesresi st
edtheOmanbecauset helat
er contr
olov
erKeny
ancoast.
want edtaxl ev iedont rade.
 In1741, MohammedI bnAzt hmanal-Mazr uiwasappoi ntedas 1. Expandtheircommer ci
alempir
e.
newgov ernorofMombasa. 2. Toestabli
shpolit
ical
control
overKeny
ancoast
.
 Hef ail
edt or ecogni zet henewI mam ofOman- Ahmedbi nSai d 3. Toassisti
nendingPor t
ugueserul
e.
al-Busai
di.
 Ahmedr evengedbyhav i
nghi m murdered. Reasonsf
ort
hedecl
ineoft
heOmani
rul
e
 In1806, thist hencausedast r
ugglebet weentheal -Busaidiand
al-Mazrui fami l
ies. 1. Civ
ilwarsi
nOman.
 Say yi
dSai dtookov erast henewI mam ( Busai
di f
ami l
y),
atthe 2. Rebell
i
onbyCoastalt
ownsespeci
all
yMombasa.
ageof15y ear s,suppor tedbyt heBriti
sh. 3. Threat
sofPer
sianinv
asi
on
 In1817, hecapt uredPat e.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 10
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
Ef
fect
s 2. 1845,Hammer t
ont r
eat
ywassi gnedt
ostopslavet
rade
betweentheE.Afr
icanCostandOman.
1. Pl
antat
ionagri
cult
urewasest
abl
i
shed. 3. 1873,Fr
ereTreat
ywassi gnedbySayyi
dBarghasht
ostop
2. Cl
ovegrowingstart
ed. sl
avery.
3. Sl
avetr
adeintensi
fi
ed.
Met
hodsusedt
oabol
ishsl
avet
rade
Fact
orst
hatf
avour
edt
hedev
elopmentofpl
ant
ati
onagr
icul
tur
e
1. Decl ar ingsl av et radei l
l
egal
1. Say yidSai d’si nt eresti ndev el opmentoft heov er al
l economyof 2. Pr ohi bitingsl av et rade
EastAf r i
canpossessi on 3. Nav al pat rol onhi ghSeast oar restsl owi ngshi ps.
2. Say yidSai d’spol icy -cutone, plant3 4. Si gni ngt reat ies
3. Sui tabl esoi lsf orcl ov esandcoconut s
4. Adequat er ai nf all whi chf av our edagr icultur
e. Reasonsf ort hef ail
ur eofant i
-slav eryact i
v i
tiesbef ore1873
5. Say yidsai dencour agedset tl
erf ar mer sfrom Oman&Zanzi bar
6. Av ailabi lityofsl av el abour/t ranspor tbywat er. 1. Sl av et radi ngwasv er ypr ofitabl eandmer chant swer eprepared
7. Av ailabi lityofunoccupi edl and tor iskcapt ure
8. Hi ghdemandf orcl ov esandf arm pr oducei nAr abiaandEur ope. 2. Ther ewer eonl yaf ewBr i
tishshi pst opat rolt hecoast
9. Ther eal r
eadyexi tedt radei nagr icultural pr
oduct s. 3. Say y idSai ddi dnotwantt ost opsl avet rade, asheknewi t
10. Gooddeepnat ur al har bour s. woul dmakehi m unpopul ar -withhi ssubj ect swhousedsl ave
labouri ncl ov epl ant at i
ons.
Whysl av et radei nt ensi fiedal ongt heKeny anCoastaf terthe 4. TheFr encht wist edt hel awbygi vingpasspor tst oslaves(f
ree
establishmentofpl ant at ionagr icul tur e. immi gr ant sscheme)
5. Noat temptwasmadet openet r
at ei nlandandst opslavetr
ade
1. Ther ewasi nt er nal demandf orsl av elabouri ncl ov eplantati
ons acti tssour ce.
i
nPemba, Zanzi bar ,Mal i
ndi etc.
2. Demandf orsl av el abouri nt heFr enchsugarpl antationsint he Fact or st hatf aci li
tat edt hespr eadofI sl am inEastAf ri
ca.
i
sl andsofReuni onandMaur itius.
3. Sl av eswer eneededaspor ter sint heiv orytr
adei nwhi chI ndia, 1. Thr ought rade.
Br i
tai nandUSApar ticipated. 2. Ar abmi gr at i
onandset tlemental ongt heCoastl edt othe
4. Por t
er swer eneededf ortranspor tationofagr iculturalgoodsi n conv er sionofl ocal Bant u.
Mal i
ndi . 3. Est abl ishmentofI slami ceducat i
on.
5. Sl av eswer eneededt owor kasdomest icwor ker sandsol diers 4. Somel ocal peopl ebecameMusl imst oav oidensl avement.
i
nAr abi a. 5. I sl
ami cr eligiondi dnotconf l
ictwi thAf ricani ndi genous
religionsandcul t
ur al pract ices.
Eff
ect soft hedev elopmentofpl ant at ionagr i
culture
Character ist i
csofI slami ccul t
ur eatt heEastAf ricanCoastby
1. Theeconomyoft heCoastgr ew 1500AD.
2. Sl av et radei nt ensi fied, witht heappoi ntmentofTI PUTI P
3. War far ei ntensi fiedi nt her egi onduet ot heweaponsgotf rom 1. Dr essi ngdepi ct edI slami caswomenwor ebui bui andmen
trade wor eKansu.
4. Mi litarizat ionoft hei nteriorofEastAf rica. 2. Shar i
awasusedi nt headmi nistrat ionofj ust ice.
5. At tract edEur opeani nterest ,hencecol onizati
on 3. Adopt ionofI slami ct itl
esl ikeShei khs.
6. Far mi ngandf ar mi ngski ll
si mpr ov edwi ththear ri
val ofArab 4. Adopt ionofI slami cr eli
gi on.
far mer s. 5. Ut ensi lscompr isedofpor cel ainbowl sandwat erjars.
7. Tr adeexpandedwi thnewandmor egoodsf rom t r
ade. 6. Ar chi tect urewasi nfluencedbyAr abicdesi gns.
8. Foodsuf fici ency 7. Lear ni ngwasdonei nmadr asausi ngAr abi clanguage.
9. Popul ationexpansi on
10.Emer genceofweal thymer chant s I
mpactofI slam ont hepeopl eofKeny a.
11 Dev elopmentofur bancent er s.
12.Openedupt hei nt eriorofEastAf r i
ca 1.Repl acementofi ndi genousr eli
gions/Spr eadofI slam.
13.Indi genouspeopl ewer er ender edl andlessandbecame 2.Dev el opmentofasy st em ofl eader shi p.
squatter sast hei rl andwas 3.I ntroduct i
onofI slami ccul tur el i
kemodeofdr essi ng.
gr abbedf orpl ant at ionagr icul ture. 4.I ntroduct i
onofI slami cl aw/Shar ia.
5.I ntroduct i
onofAr abi car chit ect ure.
WhyBr i
tishwer eagai nstsl avet r ade 6.I ntroduct i
onofnewcr ops.

1. Brit
ainwasget t
ingindustri
alizedandshewant edpeopleback Ef
fect
sofsl
avet
radeont
heAf
ri
cancommuni
ti
esofKeny
a.
ont hefarmsi nAfricaforcheapr awmat eri
als.
2. Thesl avescouldalsobeamar ketfortheir(Briti
sh)products. 1. Thepeopl eliveunderi nsecurit
yandf ear.
3. Machi neswer epreferr
edast heyr equir
edl esshumanl abour. 2. Therewer emanydeat hsduringthecapt ureofslaves.
4. Manywr it
ingsinfl
uencedt hei dea,e.g.Dr.Dav idLivi
ngstone 3. Lossofski l
ledlaboure. g.Ir
onsmi ths/Decl inei
nt radit
ional
whot ermedt het r
adeasi n-human. i
ndust ri
es.
5. Infl
uencef rom Bri
ti
sheconomi stse.g.AdamsSmi thwho 4. Dest r
ucti
onofpr opertyduri
ngr ai
dsf orslaves.
arguedt hatfr
eepeopl ecoul dper form betterthanslaves. 5. Itledtohumansuf f
eringe.g.burni
ngofhousest oacqui re
slaves.
Consequent
ly,
theysi
gnedtreat
ieswit
htheSul
tanofZanzi
bar 6. Displacementofsomecommuni ti
es.
inabidtoendslavet
radeandslaver
y 7. Promot edinteracti
onbet weenKeny ancommuni ti
eslikethe
AkambaandAgi kuyu.
1. 1822,
Mor
esbyTr
eat
ywassi
gnedt
ost
opsl
avet
rade. 8. Changeofsoci alrolesasmostmenwer etarget
edf orslaver
y/

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 11
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
separati
onfamil
i
es. agri
cult
urealongthecoast.
9. Establ
ishmentoffr
eedsl
av e’
ssettl
ementsatFr
eretownand 10. Therewasdepopul at
ionasmanyAfri
canswer
ecaptur
ed/sol
d
Bagamoy oaft
ertheabol
i
tion,henceregai
nmoralst
atusby asslaves.
Afri
cans. 11. Itopenedupt hei
nter
ior,
thusl
eadi
ngtocol
oni
zat
ion.
12. Traderouteslat
erdevel
opedintor
oadsandhi
ghways.
Longdi
stancet
rade
Fact
orst
hatf
avor
edt
hegr
owt
hoft
heI
.O.
T./I
T
 Thi st radedev el
opedbet weent hecoastoft heEastAf r
icaand
thei nter i
or. 1. EastAf r
icahadt radel i
nkswi ththeFarEastbef orethisperiod.
 Itinv olvedt heYao,Ny amwezi ,Swahi li
,Miji
kenda,Akamba 2. Wel lestabl i
shedr egi onal tradei nEastAf rica.
Baganda, andAr abs. 3. Say yidSai dencour agedf oreigntraderst ot heEastAf rican
 TheAkambaor ganizedcar av anst hatledtothecoastweekl y. 4. Arab&Swahi l
i tr
ader swer egi venthef lagoft heSultant o
 Theyal sosetupmar kets. ensur esecur ity.
 Theyor ganizedthemsel vesi ntohunt ingandt r
adingpar ti
es. 5. Uni for ml evyof5%byt heSul tanalongt heCoast .
 Someoft hecent er
si nKeny ai ncludedTav eta,Mbooni Hill
s, 6. Say yidsai dintroducedcoppercoi nsf rom Indi anpeoplet o
Elur ekoi nWanga&Mi azini nearNgong. replacesi lvercur r
ency ,Mar iaTher esaDol lar&t heSpani sh
crown.Heal soempl oyedI ndianBany ansasmoneyl ender s.
 Thegoodsf rom theint eri
ori ncludedi vory/Tusks, Beewax,
7. Av ai l
abili
tyanddemandf orgoods
Rhi nohor ns,animal skins/hi des, tor
toiseshell
s,Goldand
8. Phy sicalfeatur esoft heEastAf ri
cancoaste. g.deephar bours
slav es.
attr
act edf oreignerst otrade
 From t hecoast ,werehadi ronaxesandhoes, utensil
s,sil
k,
9. Exi stenceofweal thymer chant s
beadset c.
10. Establ i
shmentoft rader outesandmar kets.
 TheKhar toumer s(Egy ptians&Sudanese)al sopar ti
cipatedin 11. TheSul t
an’ sidentificationoft heBr i
ti
shast hesol etrading
theL. D.T. agent sov ercamer ival r
y.
12. Hav ingsecur eandsoundt radepol icy,Sayy idSaidest abli
shed
Rout
esi
nvol
ved l
inkswi t
hf oreigncount ri
ese. g.Amer ica.
1. Mombasa- Miji
kenda-Tai
taTaveta,
toKil
i
manj
aro&Vict
ori
a, Howt
hel
ongDi
stancet
rader
sacqui
redsl
aves
anotherbranchfrom Tai
taTavetatoGal
anar
iver
-Mt
.Kenya
regi
ont oWest er
npartsofKenya. 1. Exchangewi t
hothergoods/Buy
ingsl
avesf
rom Af
ri
cans.
2. Bagamoy o-Tabora-
Buganda-
Ujij
i
-Zair
e. 2. Raiding.
3. Enticementandgif
ts.
Fact
orst
hatf
avour
ed.
Fact
orst
hatf
avour
edt
hepar
ti
cipat
ionofAkambai
nlongdi
stance
1. Exi stenceofent er
pr isingmer chant segt heI ndianBany answho tr
ade
gav ecredi tt
ot rader s.
2. Nat uralhabour sensur edsaf edocki ngofv essel sandf ueling 1. Unsuitableenv ironment al conditi
onsast heregi
onwasdr yand
andof f
-loadingsuppl i
es. i
nferti
l
e.
3. I ntroduct i
onanduseofgunsf orpr otect
ion,slav eraidi
ngand 2. Theywer est rategically/cent ral
lylocat
edbet weenthecoast
hunt i
ng. andthei nteri
or .
4. Per sonal i
niti
ativebySay yi
dSai dasheencour agedAr ab 3. Exi
stenceofent repreneursl i
keChi efKi
v oiwhoencouraged
trader st oorgani zecar avanst othei nteri
or. tr
adingact iv
itiesamonghi speopl e.
5. Rol espl ay edbypr omi nentleader sl i
keChi efKiv oiofAkamba. 4. Theyhadmuchexper iencei nlocalandinter-
communi t
ytrade.
6. Local tradeex istedwhi chpr ovidedabaseuponwhi cht he 5. Therewashi ghdemandf orsomeoft heircommoditiesoftrade.
Indi anOceant radewasbui l
t. 6. Theywer eski ll
edi ronwor kersandhunt ers.
7. Hi ghdemandf orthegoodsf r
om t hecoastbyconsumer sf r
om 7. Thereexistedwel lest
ablishedt radeorcar av
anrout
es.
for eigncount r
ies. 8. Thereexistedt heitemsoft rade.
8. Hi ghdemandf orsl av esi nthe19thCent urytobeusedi nt he
farmsandaspor t
er s. Reasonsf
orthedecl
ineofthei
mpor
tanceofAkambai
nlong
9. Av ai l
abili
tyofi temsoft r
adef rom t heEastAf r
icanCoastand di
stancet
radei
nthe19thcent
ury
for eigncount r
ies.
10. Est abl i
shmentoft rader outesl i
nkingt heinteriorandt hecoast . 1. Compet i
tionf rom bett
eror ganizedArabandSwahi
lit
raders
2. Constantr ai
dsf r
om Or omoandMaasai .
Ef
fect
sont
hepeopl
eofKeny
a. 3. Theirtradingpar tnerse.g.Agi kuyuandAembubecame
rel
uctantast heyconsi deredt heAkambaasslavet
raders.
1. Somet radingcent resdev el
opedi ntotownse. g.Lamu. 4. Thedecl ineofel ephantpopul ati
on
2. I
ncer tainar eas,slaver aidscausedsuf f eri
ng, i
nsecur i
tyand 5. Thef i
ghtagai nstslavetrade.
l
ossofl ives. 6. Colonialint r
usionegt heBr it
ishcoloni
zati
onoft
heint
erior
.
3. Traderspav edwayf orEur opeancol onization.
4. I
nter-
communi tyt r
adepr omotedcul tur
al i
nteractione.g. Rol
esofSay
yidSai
d
Swahili l
anguageandI slamicreligion.
5. Therewer eintermar ri
agesbet weencommuni t
ies. 1. Signedtreati
eswi t
hvari
ousEuropeannat
ionsfort
rade.
6. Somepeopl egotal otofweal thandbecamev erypower f
ul 2. Establi
shedZanzibarasamar ketcent
ref
orint
ernati
onalt
rade.
people, somer i
singt oposi t
ionofi mpor tancee. g.ChiefKivoi
. 3. OrganizedIndianBanyansf
orfinance.
7. Newcr opswer eintroducedi nthei nter
ior ,
hencemor efood 4. Providedsecurit
y.
product i
on.
8. Peoplewer eintroducedt omoneyeconomy ,t
husmaki ng Effect
softheLongDi
stanceTr
adeont
hepeopl
eofEastAf
ri
cai
n
tr
ansact ionseasy .
the19thCent
ury
.
9. Afri
cansl avelabourl edt odevelopmentofpl antation

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 12
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
15. Advancementofshi pbuildingi
nEuropewasanadded
1. I tledt otheset t
lingofpeopl einur bancent rest hatwer e advantagetot hetradersasi tf
aci
l
itat
edt r
avel
.
dev elopedal ongt r
ader outes. 16. Supportgivent ot
het radersbythesult
anofZanzi
bar/
2. I tledt otheemer genceofweal thycl assofpeopl eal ongt he Avail
abil
it
yofcr editfaci
li
tiesfr
om theIndi
anBany
ansand
coast/i nthei nteri
orofKeny a./Emer genceofki ngsand wealt
hymer chants.
kingdoms.
3. I tledt otheacqui siti
onoff oreign/newgoodst hrought r
ade/ Ef
fectsoft
heI
OT(
tradebet
weenE.Af
ri
canCoastandt
heout
side
decl i
neoft r
adi t
ional indust ri
es. worl
d).
4. Peopl eacqui red/cul tivatednewcr opsl eadingt oincr eased
foodpr oduction. Soci
al
5. Somepeopl ewer econv ertedt oI slam byMusl imt r
ader s.
6. Peopl ewer eintroducedt omoneyeconomyt herebymaki ng 1. I nt
ermar r
iagesbet weent heE.Af r
icancommuni tiesandthe
transact i
oneasy . Arabs,henceemer genceofSwahi l
ipeople.
7. Af ri
cansl avel abourl edt ot hedev elopmentofagr i
cultur ealong 2. Emer genceofSwahi l
iculture.
thecoast . 3. Const ructi
onofst onehouses/Ar chi t
ecture/ur bani
zati
on.
8. Ther ewasdepopul ati
onasmanyAf r
icanswer ecapt ur ed/sol d 4. Newway sofdressi ngaswomenwor ebuibuiandmenwor e
assl aves. kanzus.
9. I tcausedunt ol dsuf f
er i
ng/mi ser yaspeopl ewer er aided/ 5. Conv erti
onofAf ricanstoI slam andChr i
sti
anity
.
capt uredassl aves. 6. Depopul ationofthecoast/l ossoflives/slavery
10. Itopenedupt hei nteriorforcol onizat i
on. 7. Changeofsoci alrolesasf ami l
i
eswer eseparated.
11. Tr ader outeslat erdev elopedi nt oroadsandhi ghway s. 8. Dest ructi
onofpr operty.
9. I nt
er-
communi t
yconf li
cts.
Or
gani
zat
ionoft
heI
.O.
T. 10. Somepeopl ebecameweal thyasar esul
toftrade.

1. I twasconduct edbet weent heEastAf ri

caCoastandt he Pol
it
ical
out si
dewor l
degf rom ChinawehadPor celainbowl sandsilk.
2. Thet radersincludedGr eeks, Romans, Arabs, I
ndiansand 1. Establ
ishmentoftheArabcitystat
es
Coast alpeople. 2. Europeanint
erestint
hecoastdev el
oped.
3. Af ricanscont r
olledthet r
adebet weent heint er
iorandEast 3. I
ncreasedwar f
areandcorrupti
on
Africancoast . 4. Growthofchiefdomsundersuccessfult
raders.
4. Mi ddlemenwer eusedi nthet rade 5. Openedt hei
nteri
orofEastAfri
caforEuropean
5. Fr om EastAf ricanCost ,wehadgol d,i
vory,slaveset c.
6. Fr om out si
dewehadi ronwar e,glassware, cloves,guns,spi
ces, Economi
c
sil
ket c.
7. I twasconduct edincommer cialcenters. 1. Over-
expl oitati
onofEastAf ri
canresources
8. Themet hodoft radewasmai nlybar t
er. 2. Useofcur r
encywasi nt
roduced
9. I vorywasgotbyhunt ingelephant sandsl av eswer emai nl
ywar 3. Emergenceofsuccessf ult
raderse.g.SayyidSaidandTi
ppuTi
p.
capt i
ves. 4. Commer cial companiese.g.Bri
ti
shEastI ndianCompanywer
e
10. Att hecoast,tradewascont rolledbyMusl i
msofAsi anori
gin. for
med.
5. Wealt
hi ncr easedalongt heE.Afri
cancoast .
Factor
sthatcont
ri
butedtothedevel
opmentoft
radebet
weent
he 6. Newcr opswer ei
ncreased.
EastAfri
canCoastandtheoutsi
deworl
dby1900.
Reasonsf
ort
hedecl
ineoft
heI
.O.
T.
1. Av ai l
abili
tyoftr adei temsandt hosef r om out si de.
2. TheE.Af ri
cancoasthadt r
adel i
nkswi tht heFarEastl ong 1. Comi ngofthePortuguese
bef or ethereignofSay yidSai d. 2. Att
acksf r
om theman- eati
ngLions
3. Say yi
dSai dsignedt reatieswi t hBr i
tain,Fr ance, Amer i
caand 3. Decli
neofgol dsuppli
esfrom theinter
ior.
Ger many ,whichgav ef oreigner st herightt otradewi tht he 4. Aboli
tionofslavetr
ade.
coast altowns. 5. Europeaninvasi
onoft heE.Africancoast.
4. Say yi
dSai dallowedt heseEur opeannat ionsandAmer i
cat o 6. Riv
alrybetweenArabicruli
ngdy nasti
ese. g.Mazr
uiandBusai
di.
openconsul atesi nZanzi bar . 7. I
ntroducti
onoflegiti
matetrade.
5. Exi stenceoft hel ongdi stancet radepr ov i
dedt hebasef orthe 8. Riv
alrybetweencoastaltownse. g.MalindiandMombasa.
trade.
6. Say yi
dSai dimpr ov edt hemonet ar ysyst em t of acili
tatet r
adeby Spr
eadofChr
ist
iani
tyby19thCent
ury
i
nt roduci ngsmal l coppercoi nsf rom India, Mar iaTher essa
dol larsandt heSpani shcr own.  ThiswasdonebyChr ist
ianmi ssionari
ese. g.Church
7. Hi ghdemandf ort radegoodsf rom theEastAf ricanCoastand Missionar ySociet
y(CMS) .TheWhi teFat hers(WF),Afr
ican
thosef rom out side. I
nlandMi ssi
on( AI
M) ,
Hol yGhostFat hers( HGF),Churchof
8. Accessi bil
it
yoft heKeny anCoastbysea/I ndi anOcean. Scot l
andMi ssion(
CSM) ,Uni t
edMet hodistChur ch(UMC) ,
9. Pr esenceofent erpr i
singmer chant satt heCoastandout side. Presby t
erianChurchofScot l
and( PCOS),Af r
icanInl
andChur ch
10. Impr ovementoft ranspor tsyst em especi all
yt hebui l
dingof (AIC),ConsolataFathers( CF),TheMillHillFather
s,SeventhDay
strongsai l
ingshi ps. Adv enti
sts(SDA) ,
Quaker s/Fri
endsMi ssion( FM)&Chur chof
11. Exi stenceofmonsoonwi ndswhi chfacilitatedmov ementof GodMi ssion(COGM) .
sai l
ingshi ps.
12. Est abl i
shmentofspeci fict r
ader outesandmar ketslike Reasonsf
ort
hecomi
ngoft
hemi
ssi
onar
ies
Zanzi barandMombasaf acil
itatedt hemov ementand
exchangeofgoods. 1. TospreadChristi
anit
y
13. Pr esenceofnat ural har bor satt hecoastf ordocki ngt heirships. 2. Tospreadformal educat
ionandwest
erncivi
l
izat
ion
14. Rel ativepoliti
cal st abil
ityatt heCoast . 3. Tostopslavetradeandslaver
y/Tostartl
egit
imatetr
ade

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 13
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
4. TofightI
slam 9. Theexi stenceofdi splacedpeoplel
ikefr
eedslavesalsohel
ped
5. Foradventur
e/Expl
orat
ion. i
nspr eadingChri
stianity.
10. Theest abli
shmentofmi ssi
onstati
onswhichwer eusedas
Missionar
ywork basesf oroperat
ion.
11. Supportandpr ot
ect i
onf rom t
hecoloni
algover
nment .
Thiswasachiev
edbyDrJohnLudwi
gKr
apf
,JohannRebman,
Jacob 12. Establi
shmentofmi ssionstat
ionswhichwereusedasbases
EhardtandThomasWekef
iel
d. ofoperation

a. JohnLudwi
gKr
apf Chal
lengest
othemi
ssi
onar
ies

 Hecamei
n1844. 1. Host ili
tyfrom bel iev ersoft het raditional r
eligionswhosaw
them ast hreatst ot heirbel i
efsandcul tural practices.
1. Hebui l
tami ssionchur chatRabai in1846. 2. Deser t
ionbypor ter swhi l
et heywer ei nt hei nteri
or/j unglesof
2. Heconv ertedpeopl etoChr i
stianity
. Africa
3. Het r
ansl atedt heNewTest amenti ntoSwahi l
i. 3. Opposi ti
onf rom leader sofI slami cf aithandt hosewhohad
4. Hewr oteandpubl ishedt hef i
rstKi swahilidi
cti
onary
. beenconv ertedtoI slam.
5. Het r
ainedt hef i
rstcatechi stswhol ateronspreadt . 4. Thef
hegospel toft heirsuppl i
esl i
kef ood, medi cineandcl ot hes.
6. Heencour agedot hermi ssionar i
est ocomet oKenya. 5. Har sht ropicalclimat etoget herwi tht ropi cal diseases.
7. Hisexpl orationofKeny aledt otheopeni ngupoft heint
eri
orfor 6. At tacksbywi ldani mal slikeLi ons.
mor emi ssionar yact i
vi
tiesbef or ereturni
ngtoGer manyIn1853 7. I nadequat eper sonnel tocar ryoutmi ssionar yactiv i
ti
es.
duet oillheal t
h. 8. Shor tageofsuppl i
esl i
kef oodandmedi cine.
9. Ri valryamongdi ffer entChr istiangr oups.
b. JohannRebman 10. Slav et r
ader swer ehost il
et ot hem ast heywer eat hreattothei
r
act i
viti
es.
 Hecamei n1846andconf irmedt hattherewassnowonMt . 11. Host ili
tyfrom Af ricanr ulerswhoof t
eni dent ifi
edt hem wi t
h
Kil
imanj aro. coloni ali
sm andl ossoft heirtr adit
ional author i
ty.
 WithKr apf, heest abli
shedmi ssi oncent r
esinKenya. 12. Lackofcommonl anguaget of acil
itat ecommuni cat i
onwi t
h
 Hewast he1stEur opeant oseet hesnow- cappedpeakofMt Africans.
Kil
imanj aro, beforereturningt oGer manyi n1873. 13. Limi t
edt r
anspor tandcommuni cationf acil
ities.
14. Thev astnessoft hear eat obecov eredbyi ndiv i
dual
c. JacobEr har dt mi ssionar i
eswasachal l
enge.
Reasonsf ortheest abl ishmentofmi ssionst ati
onsi nKeny a
 Hecamei
n1848
1. Towor kashomesf ortheneedywher etheAf r
icanswer e
1. HedrewthemapofEastAf r
ica,thoughitwasnotaccur
ate conv ert
ed.
2. Heconvert
edKenyanstoChrist
ianit
y 2. Toser veascenterswher eAf
ricanscoul dbet aughtbasic
3. Hefoundedmissi
onstat
ionswithKr apfandRebman. l
iteracytoenablethem readtheBi bl
eandbepr eachedt o.
-
Heleftbackhomein1855. 3. Tot eachtheAfri
cansnewmet hodsofcar pentry,
farmingand
masonr y.
Cont
ri
but
ionsoft
heear
lymi
ssi
onar
iesi
nthef
iel
dofeducat
ion. 4. Tot rai
nAfri
canCat echistswhowoul dint ur
nf aci
li
tatethe
spreadofChr i
sti
anity.
1. Theysetupschools/encour agedAf r
icanstogot
oschool
. 5. Toactascent erstospr eadChr isti
anit
y.
2. TheytaughtAfri
canshowt oread/write. 6. Toser veashealthcenter swherebasi chealthser vi
ceswere
3. TheytaughttheAfri
cansv ocati
onalskil
ls. prov i
dedtoAfri
cansast heywer epreachedt o.
4. Theytransl
atedthebibl
eint olocal
languages. 7. Toser veascentersfort hepacificat
ionofAf ri
canst opromote
5. Theywr ot
ebooks/di ct
ionary. Europeancolonizati
on.
8. Toser veasbaseswher eEuropeanmi ssionari
escoul doperat
e
Factor
st hatfavour
edt
heear
lyspr
eadofChr
ist
iani
tyi
nE.Af
ri
cai
n fr
om.
9. Existenceofchurcheswher epr eachingwasdone.
the19thCentury
.
Howmi
ssi
onst
ati
onspr
omot
edt
hespr
eadofChr
ist
iani
ty
1. Exi stenceofal readyest ablishedt rader outes/rail
wayl inki
ng
thecoastandt hei nter i
orf acil
it
atedt heirmov ement .
1. Theywer ehomesf ort
heneedy ,
wher eAfr
icanswereconvert
ed.
2. TheuseofAf ri
cangui desandpor tersmadet hei
rmov ement
2. Toser v
easl earni
ngcent er
s,wher elear
nerswerepreachedto.
andt ranspor tati
onoft heirluggageeasy .
3. Theywer ehealthcentersast hesickwerepreachedt o.
3. Thel earningofl ocal l
anguagesbyt hemi ssionar
iesf acil
it
ated
4. Afr
icancatechistsweret r
ainedthereandhencespr eadthe
thei ractivitiesamongdi f
ferentcommuni ti
es.
gospelamongAf ri
cans.
4. Thet ranslat ionoft hebi bleandot herChr isti
anli
teratureto
5. Existenceofchur cheswher epreachingwasdone.
Kiswahi liandot herl ocal languagesmadet herel
igion
ReasonsforthefailureofthePor tugueseattempttoint
r oduce
accessi blet omanyAf ricancommuni t
ies.
Chri
sti
anitytotheCoast alpeoplebef ore1500-
1700AD.
5. Tr ainingofAf ri
cancat echi stsandot herreli
giousleader s
assi stedi nspr eadi ngChr i
stiani
ty.
1. Harshandcruel admi ni
str
ati
onbyt hePor t
uguese.
6. Thedi scov eryoft hecur eofsomedi seasesl i
kequi ni
nef or
2. Theywereanti-
social astheyfail
edtomi xfreel
ywiththe
treat i
ngmal ariaf ev err educedt henumberofdeat hcases
l
ocals/theyl
ivedi nsegregatedsettl
ement s.
amongt hemi ssionar ies.
3. Isl
amicdominanceatt heCoasthadt akenroot.
7. Suppor tandpr ot ectiongi ventot hem bysomeAf rican
4. Rebel
li
onfrom thel ocalpeople.
communi ti
espr omot edt heiractiviti
es.
5. Theynevermadeanyat t
emptt ospreadChr i
sti
ani
ty.
8. Suppor tf r
om chur chor ganizati
onsi nEur opeenabl edt hem to
6. Chri
sti
anit
ywasnotaccommodat i
vetot heAfri
cancultur
eas
car ryoutt heiract i
v i
ties.
comparedtoIslam.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 14
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

Resul
tsoft
hecomi
ngofmi
ssi
onar
iest
oKeny
a. 1. Ifthepersonregister
edhasbeenconv i
ctedoftreasonoran
offencewhosepenal tyisatleast7yearimpri
sonment .
1. ManyAf ricanswer econv ertedt oChr i
sti
anity. 2. Dur i
ngwar ,
heorshemayhav esoldoutKenya’ssecret
sor
2. Theybui ltschool swher eAf ricanswer etaughthowt oreadand evenassistedt heenemy .
writ
e. 3. Ifonei si
mpr i
sonedf or3yearsormor ewithi
nthe1stfi
veyear
s
3. Theybui lthospi tal
swhi chwer eusedt oimpr ov etheheal thof afterregi
str
ation.
people. 4. Iftheregi
strat
ionisfakeorobt ai
nedthroughunfairmeans.
4. Theyi nt r
oducednewcr opsandf armi ngmet hods.
5. Theyi nt r
oducednewv ocational ski l
lse.g.car pentry. Reasonsf
orr
evocat
ionofKeny
anci
ti
zenshi
pacqui
redbybi
rt
h
6. Theyt ranslat edt hebi bleint olocal languages.
7. Theyunder mi nedt heaut hor it
yoft heAf ri
canl eader s. 1. Ifcit
izenshipwasacqui r
edt hroughfr
aud/f alser
epresent
ati
on.
8. Theydr ewt hemapoft heint erioroft heGr eatLakesr egion 2. Ifi
tisdi scoveredt
hattheper sonwas8y ear
sandabov e,when
whichi nspir edmanyexpl orer st ocomet oAf rica/openedup foundi nKeny a.
theinterior/Expl orat ion. 3. Ifthenat i
onalit
y/parenthoodoft hepersonbecomesknown
9. Theyi nf l
uencedt hei rgov ernment st otakei nterestinther egi
on andr evealsthathe/swasaci t
izenofanothercount
ry.
whichl aterl edt ocol oni zation.
10.Theyi ntroducedWest er ncultur ewhi chunder mi nedt heAf ri
can Ri
ght
sofaci
ti
zen
cult
ure.
11.Theywr otet hef ir
stSwahi l
idi cti
onar yandgr ammarbook. Right
sarepower soffreeacti
on.
12.Theyest ablishedset tlement sf ort hef reedsl avesandgav e Theyarelegalclaimsthatuniver
sall
ybelongtoal
lpeopl
efr
om the
securitytot hedest it
ute. ti
met heyarebor nregardl
essofthei
rplaceofori
gin,
sex
,tr
ibe,
age,
13.Theyhel pedi ni mpr ov ingi ntr anspor tsy stem bydev eloping poli
ti
calaff
il
iat
ionsorbel i
efs.
roads
connect ingt hei rstations. Ther
ight
s/f
reedomsofaci
ti
zen.
14.Theypr omot eddi suni tyamongt hepeopl eofdi ff
erent
denomi nationsandnon- 1. Righttol
ife.
Chr i
sti
ansVs.Chr isti
ans. 2. Righttoequal i
tyandf r
eedom f rom di scriminati
on.
15.Independentchur chesdev elopedaf t
er wards. 3. RighttoHumandi gnity
.
16.Newar chitect ur aldesi gnswer eintroduced. 4. Righttofreedom andsecur it
yoft heper son.
17.Af ri
cannat i
onal i
sm dev elopedt of ightf orindependence. 5. Righttofreedom f rom slav ery,servit
udeandf orcedlabour.
6. Righttoprivacy.
7. Righttofreedom f rom consci ence,religion,beli
efandopi ni
on.
8. Righttoexpr ession.
CI
TIZENSHI
P 9. Righttofreedom oft hemedi a.
10. Ri
ghttoaccessi nformat ion.
 Cit
izenshipi
sal
egal
rightofaper
sonbel
ongi
ngt
oapar
ti
cul
ar 11. Ri
ghttofreedom ofassoci at i
on.
country. 12. Ri
ghttopoliti
cal ri
ghts.
13. Ri
ghttoassembl y,demonst rati
on, picket i
ngandpet iti
on.
Way
sofbecomi
ngaKeny
anci
ti
zen 14. Ri
ghttofreedom ofmov ementandr esi dence.
15. Ri
ghttoprotectionr i
ghtt opr oper ty
.
Ther
ear
etwoway
s:Bi
rt
handr
egi
str
ati
on. 16. Ri
ghttocleanandheal thyenv ironment .
17. Ri
ghttoeconomi candsoci al ri
ghts.
1) Bi
rt
h 18. Ri
ghttol
anguageandcul ture.
19. Ri
ghttofreedom t ofoundorst artaf ami ly.
Condi
ti
ons: 20. Ri
ghttoconsumerr i
ghts.
21. Ri
ghttofairadmi nistr
ativeact i
on.
1.Ift
hef atherormotherwas/isaKeny anci
ti
zenonthedayofhi
s 22. Ri
ghtsofarrestedper sons.
/herbirth. 23. Ri
ghttofairhearing
2.Achildgaugedt obebelow8y ear
sandwhosenat i
onal
i
tyor 24. Ri
ghtsofper sonsdet ained, heldi ncust odyori mprisoned.
parentagei snotknown. 25. Ri
ghttofairlabourpr acti
ces.
3.AKeny anciti
zenbybirt
hbuthadlostci
ti
zenshi
pbyacqui
ri
ng 26. Ri
ghttoaccessj ust i
ce
anothercount r
y’sci
ti
zenshi
p.
NB/Thesoci
alr
ight
sofaKeny
anci
ti
zeni
ncl
ude:
2) Regi
str
ati
on
1. Righttoheal thcar eser vi
ceswhi char eofreasonable
Onecanapplyt
obecomeaKeny
anci
ti
zenundert
heanyoft
he standar ds.
fol
l
owingcondi
ti
ons. 2. Righttohousi ngf acil
i
tieswhichar eaccessi bl
eandadequate.
3. Righttohav eadequat efoodwhi chisofaccept ablequal
it
y.
Condi
ti
ons: 4. Righttor egularsuppl yofwat erwhi chiscleanandsaf e.
5. Righttoappr opr i
atesocialsecurit
yt opersonswhoar eunable
1.ApersonwhohasbeenmarriedtoaKenyanci
ti
zenforatl
east7 tosuppor tt
hemsel vesandt heirdependent s.
y
ears. 6. Righttoaccessi bleformal educati
oni nordertopr omote
2.Apersonwhohaslawf
ull
yresidedi
nKenyaconti
nuousl
yfor7 l
iteracy.
y
ears. 7. Righttoembr acecul t
ure/languageofone’ schoice
3.Anon-Keny
anchi
ldwhohasbeenadopt edbyaKenyancit
izen. regardlessofhi s/herbackground.
8. Righttocl eanenv ir
onment/sani t
ationwhichi sfr
eefrom
Reasonsf
orr
evocat
ionofci
ti
zenshi
pbyr
egi
str
ati
on. poll
ut i
on.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 15
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
4. Dev
ilwor
shi
ppi
ngi
snotal
l
owed.
1. Ri
ghttol
ife,
whichguar
anteesthatal
lpeopl
ehav
ear
ightt
o
l
iv
efrom t
hetimeofconcepti
on. 6. Ri
ghttocleanandhealthyenvi
ronment
,whichguarant
eesa
ci
ti
zenthetisresponsi
bil
i
tytoensur
ethatourenv
ironmenti
s
Condi
ti
onsunderwhi
chi
tcanbet
akenaway cl
ean.

1. Whendef endi ngone’sl i

feorcount ryi
ncaseofwar .
2. Whendef endi ngone’spr opertyagainstviol
entattack.
3. Whent helifeofl awenf orcementof fi
cerisindangerwhen 7. Rightt
olanguageandcult
ure,whi
chguar
ant
eesaciti
zent
he
apprehendi ngcr iminals. fr
eedom tousethel
anguage,andt
oembracethecul
tur
eof
4. Abor t
ioncanbedoneunderemer gencytreatmentorifthel
if
e hi
schoice.
ofthemot heri sindangerbasedonopi nionofatrainedheal
th
professional /mer cyki l
l
ing. 8. Ri
ghttof
amily,
whi
chguarant
eesanadul
twi
tht
hef
reedom t
o
5. Ifonei sfoundgui l
tyofanof f
encepuni shabl
ebydeat he.g.
marr
yapersonoft
heopposit
esex.
mur der,tr
easonandr obberywi t
hv iol
ence.
6. Whenpr event i
ngt heescapeofl awf ul
lydetainedperson.
7. Whenpr event i
ngaper sonf r
om commi tt
ingacrime. Under
-ageandsamesexmar
ri
agesar
enotal
l
owed.
8. Whensuppr essingar iot/rebell
ion/mut i
ny.

9. Ri
ghtt
oassembl
y,demonst
rat
ion,
picket
ingandpet
it
ion.
2. Ri
ghtt
oHumandi
gni
ty
 Freedom toassembleandpart
ici
pateinpeaceful
Thisguarant
eesever
yindi
vi
dual
’sdi
gni
tytober
espect
edand demonst r
ati
onandev enpr
esentpeti
ti
onst opubl
ic
authori
ti
es.
protect
ed.Ri
dicul
eandembarr
assmentofaper
sonisunl
awf
ul.
 Butthedemonst r
ator
sshouldnotint
erfer
ewi t
hthepeace
oftheothers
3. Freedom ofexpr
essi
on,whi
chguar
anteesall
Keny
anst
he
fr
eedom toseek,r
ecei
veori
mparti
nformat
ion. 10. Pol
it
icalRi
ght
s.

Theri
ghtt
omakepol
i
tical
choi
cese.
g.f
ormi
ngandj
oini
ngpol
i
tical
par
ti
es.
Canbedepr
ivedwhen:
-
11. Fr
eedom oft
hemedi
a.
1. Ifonemakesunt rueormal ici
ousutter
ancesaboutanother
(Defaming). Thi
sisthepri
ntandelect
ronicmediaetc.
2. Ifonepublishessedi
tiousdocument sorreveal
sgovernments Mediaownersandthosewhowor kforthemedia,f
reedom t
o
secret
es. oper
atewit
houtbei
ngpar al
yzedforthei
ropi
nion.
3. Ifoneinci
tesothersagainstthegovernmentorotherpeopl
e.
4. Comment i
ngonmat tersthatarealr
eadyincourt. Canbedepr
ivedwhen:
5. Whenonepubl i
shespor nographi
cmat er
ial
.
1. Oneisnotallowedtoinciteother
st ov i
olence/hat espeech.
4. Freedom ofAssoci
ati
on,whi
chpr
ovi
desallt
hecit
izenst
he 2. Noonei sall
owedt opublishobscenei nformation/
fr
eedom t of
orm,j
oinorpar
ti
ci
pat
einact
ivi
ti
esofan pornogr
aphy.
associat
ionofanyki
nd. 3. Noonei sall
owedt orevealstat
esecr ets/conf identi
al
i
nformati
on.
Canbedepr
ivedwhen: 4. Noonei sall
owedt ospreadfalseinformat i
on/r umours/
defamati
on.
1. Whenonei saconv ict
edcriminal 5. Wrongfulaccesstoinformati
on/hacki ngcl assified
2. Asuspectedcriminalandincust ody. i
nformati
on.
3. Whenmai ntai
ninglawandor der .
4. Contr
oll
i
ngt hespreadofacont agiousdi
sease 12. Accesst
oinf
ormat
ion.
5. Duri
ngcurfeworst ateofemer gency .
6. Whenonei sofunsoundmi nd. Thi
sgiveal
lindiv
idualsr
ightt
oaccessinf
ormat
ionhel
dbyt
he
st
ateandothers,whichaff
ect
sthenati
on.
5. Freedom ofconscience,r
eli
gion,beli
efandopinion,which
13. Pr
otect
ionofRi
ghtt
opr
oper
ty
givesacit
izenthefreedom t
omani festanyr
eli
gionorbel i
ef
throughwarship,
practi
ce,t
eachingorobservance,incl
uding Acit
izencanownpr
oper
tyi
ndi
vi
dual
l
yorasagr
oupany
wher
ein
thedayofwor shi
p. Kenya.

Canbedepr
ivedwhen:

Canbedepr
ivedwhen: 1. I
fil
legall
yacqui
red
2. I
nneedf orusebythegover
nment /
publi
ce.g.f
orconstr
ucti
on
1. Ifi
tisbei
ngusedt ocausehat
redamongpeopl
e. ofaroad.
2. Ifi
tisnotr
egi
stered 3. Administr
ati
vei
nter
venti
one.g.distr
ibut
ingtot
heneglected
3. Ifi
tisgoi
ngorteachingagai
nsthumani
tyandAf
ri
can l
ikechil
dren.
nor
ms. 4. Whenonedef aul
tstopaydebte.g.loan.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 16
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
orcr
uel
andi
nhumant
reat
ment
.
14. Ri
ghtt
ofai
rlabourpr
act
ices.
Canbedepriv
edwhen:
Thisgivestheworkersthefr
eedom toenj
oyfairremuner
ati
on,
reasonableworki
ng-condi
ti
ons,j
oinorpar
ti
cipateintr
adeunion 1. Rel
igiouslawtakescour
see.g.Shari
aforIsl
am
acti
vit
iesandri
ghttogoonst ri
ke. 2. Customarylawtakescoursee.
g.tradi
ti
onal/cul
tur
al

15. Fr
eedom ofmov
ementandr
esi
dence 19. Equal
it
yandf
reedom f
rom di
scr
imi
nat
ion

Thisgi
vesanindi
vi
dual
thef
reedom t
omov
eandr
esi
deany
wher
ein Thi
sgivesanindi
vidualt
hefreedom nott
obediscr
imi
nat
edon
thecount
ry. whatev
erground.Allper
sonsareequalbefor
ethel
aw.

Canbedepr
ivedwhen:
Canbedepr
ivedwhen:
1. Whenl
awenf orcer saretoar restacri
minal
1. Areasofst at esecuri
tye.g.st
atehouse. 2. Whenpubl
icofficerse.g.taxi nspect
orsonduty.
2. Priv
atef arms 3. Whenonehasinf ecti
ousdi seases.
3. Duringst at
eofemer gency(curf
ew) 4. Whenlawrequiresspeci alstandardsorquali
fi
cati
on.
4. Duringcr i
sis,anareacanbedecl aredano-gozone. 5. Whencust
omar yl awisappl ied.
5. Bythegov ernmentt ocompel onetoatt
endcourtproceedi
ngs. 6. Whenoneisofunsoundmi nd.
6. Whent r
ansf err
ingsuspectedpersontoanothercountr
y 7. Whenoneisi
mmor ale.g.rapist.
(deporti
ngasuspect ) 8. I
fonei
sanon- citi
zen.
7. Cont r
oll
ingspr eadofadi sease.
8. Whenonei sami nor. 20. Economi
candsoci
alr
ight
s.
9. Whenonei saVagr ant.
Incl
udeRighttohealt
hcareservi
ces,
Accessi
bleandadequate
16. Fr
eedom f
rom sl
aver
y,Ser
vit
udeandf
orcedl
abour housing,
freedom f
rom hunger
,cl
eanandsafewater,
social
securi
tyandeducati
on.
Thi
sri
ghtgi
vesani
ndivi
dual
thef
reedom notbehel
dasasl
ave
orper
for
mforcedl
abour
. 21. Consumerr
ight
s

Canbedepr
ivedwhen: Consumer shavearightt
oreasonable-
qual
it
ygoodsandser vi
ces,
andinfor
mat i
ontoenablethem gai
nf r
om i
t,r
ightt
oprotect
ionof
1. Oneisconv i
ct thei
rhealt
h,safet
yandmoney ,andcompensat i
onincaseoflossor
2. Oneisacul pr
it/courtorderorsent
ence i
njuryari
singfr
om useofproductswithdef
ects.
3. Payi
ngf orgoodsorser vi
ces
4. Aspartofcommunal orcivi
ccommi t
ments
5. Underlawfuldetent
ion,hemaybeaskedt ocl
eanhi
s
envi
ronment . 22. Fai
radmi
nist
rat
iveact
ion
6. Memberofar medf orces,i
nthecourseofhi
sorherdut
y.
7. Duri
ngwar . Thi
sistheri
ghttoeff
ici
ent
,lawf
ul,
reasonabl
eandpr
ocedur
all
yfai
r
admini
str
ati
veacti
on.
17. Ri
ghtt
oPr
ivacy
23. Accesst
ojust
ice
Thisguaranteesanindivi
dualther
ightnottohavehimsel
f,
hersel
f,hisorherhomeorpr opert
ysearched,orhi
sorher Ar
easonabl
efeewi
l
lbechar
ged,
ifr
equi
redf
orj
udi
cial
just
ice.
possessionseized.
I
nformat i
onpertaini
ngone’sfamil
yorpriv
atelif
eshoul
dnotbe Shelteri
ngcri
minal
s,bri
binglawenf or
cers,
aidi
ngacriminal
from
rev
ealedunnecessar i
ly
,orpri
vatecommuni cat
ioni
nter
fer
ed arr
est ,
conceal
ingcri
minalacts,andlyi
ngtohelpcul
pri
tstoevade
wit
h. punishmentareactsagainstthi
sright
.

Canbedepr
ivedwhen: 24. Ri
ght
stoar
rest
edper
sons.

1. Oneisofunsoundmi nd 1. Thear restedshoul dbei nf or

medi nal anguageheunder stands
2. Drugaddict oft her easonf orhi
s/herar rest
.
3. Onehasani nfecti
ousdisease 2. Tor emai nsilentandbei nformedoft heconsequencesof
4. Oneissuspectedt ohavecommi t
ted,aboutt
ocommi
t,or remai ningsi lent.
caughtcommi tt
inganoffence 3. Rightt ogetl egalassi
stancef r
om al awy er.
5. Courtofl
awor dersforonetobehel dincust
ody. 4. Rightt or efuset obef orcedt omakeaconf essionoradmi ssi
on
6. Oneisami nor/under18y rs. befor eat rialast hi
scoul dbeusedagai nstt heperson.
7. Ifoneisavagrant. 5. Rightt obehel dseparatelyfrom personsser v
ingjai
lterms.
8. Ifoneisaconv i
ctedcri
minal. 6. Rightt obebr oughtbefor ecourtoflawwi thin24hour safter
9. Topreventil
l
egal ent
ryofpersonsintoKenya. arrest.
7. Rightt obei nformedoft hechargesonei sf acing.
18. Fr
eedom andsecur
it
yoft
heper
son. 8. Rightt ober eleasedonbondorbai l pendingt rial
unlessthere
aregoodr easonsf orrefusal tober eleased.
Thisguarant
eesani ndi
vi
dual t
her i
ghtt
oprotecti
onfrom being 9. Rightnott ober emandedi ncustodyf oranof fencethatis
detainedwit
houtagoodr easonandwi t
houttri
al,
andf r
om being puni shabl ebyaf i
neonlyorbypr isont erm notexceedi ng6
subjectedt
ophysicalorpsychologi
calt
ort
ure,corpor
alpunishment mont hs.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 17
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
citi
zen,regar dlessofage, gender ,ethnici
tyorr ace.
25. Fai
rhear
ingf
oranaccusedper
son 7. Oneshoul dr especti nclusiv enessi nthesoci ety,t
hust hewhole
communi tyshoul dbeconsul tedf orviewsconcer ningt hem.
1.Onei si nnocentunt ilprovenot her wise. 8. Oneshoul dr espectequal ityofal lciti
zens.
2.Hav eadequat etimeandf aci li
tiest opr epareadefense. 9. Oneshoul dr especthumanr i
ghts.
3.Apubl ic/camer at ri
albef oreacour t. 10. Oneshoul densur et hatther eisnodi scri
minat i
onagai nstany
4.Tobei nf ormedoft hechar ges. memberorsect ionoft hepopul ati
onandensur epr otecti
onof
5.Tobepr esentwhenbei ngt ried. themar ginalized.
6.Tober epr esentedbyanadv ocat eandt obei nf
ormedoft hi
sr i
ght 11. Oneshoul dsuppor tgoodgov ernance; e.
g.bypay ingt axes.
i
mmedi ately. 12. Oneshoul dmai ntainhi ghint egrit
yint hesoci ety;
e. g.by
7.Tor emai nsilentandnott ot est ifydur i
ngt heproceedi
ngs. desisti
ngf rom unet hical practiceslikecorrupt i
on.
8.Tobei nfor medi nadv ance, oft heev i
dencet heprosecuti
on 13. He/ sheshoul densur etranspar encyandaccount abi l
ity,
i
ntendst opr esent,andt o especiall
yt heci vilser vants.
hav ereasonabl eaccesst ot heev idence. 14. He/ sheshoul dsuppor tthegov ernmentbyt akingpar tin
9.Tochal lenget heev i
dence. projectsthatensur esust ainabledev elopment .
10.Tor efuset ogivesel f-
incrimi natingev i
dence.
11.Tohav et heassi stanceofani nt erpreteri
ftheaccusedper son
cannotunder standt he NATIONALI NTEGRATI ON
l
anguageusedatt hetrial
. Nati
onal int
egrationi st hepr ocessofbr i
ngingtoget herpeopl eof
12.Tohav et ri
al beginandconcl udedi ntheshor t
estti
mepossi bl
e. diversebackgr oundsi nacount ry.
13.Ifconv icted,toappeal to,orappeal forrev i
ewbyahi ghercourt
. ItleadstoNat i
onal Uni ty.
14.Rightt or emai nsilentwhenbei ngt r
ied.
26. Ri ght sofper sonsdet ained, heldi ncustodyorimpr i
soned. I
mpor tanceofnat ional integration

Thisper sonr etainsal lther i

ght scont ai nedi nt heBi l
lofRi ghts 1. I tpr omot esr apidsoci al andeconomi cdev elopmenti na
exceptt hoset hatar ei mpr act ical undert heci rcumst ances. count ry/enabl espeopl et odev elopacount ry.
Thisindiv idual hasar ightt oanor derofhabeascor pus( asuspect 2. Pr omot espeacef ul co- exist enceofdi fferentet hni cgr oupsand
shouldnotbedet ainedbey ondacer taingi vent imebef orebei ng racesi nacount ry.
sentencedbycour tofl aw) .Heshoul dbet reat edi nhumanemanner 3. I thel psl i
mi tsuspi cionandenhancessecur ity.
4. I tenabl espeopl et ackl epr obl emst oget her.
Responsi bilitiesofci tizens 5. I tenhancespol iti
cal stabi lityinacount ry.
6. Pr omot escol lect i
v er esponsi bilityamongci ti
zensi nacount ry.
1. Par ticipat ei nal ldemocr at icpr ocessi nt hecount r
ylike 7. I tmakesKeny at ospeakwi thonev oicei ni nter national forali
ke
elect ionsandr ef erendum t oensur egoodgov er nance. UNO.
2. Obey i
ngt hel awsoft hel andsoast oenhancepeacei nt he 8. I tat tract sf or eigni nv est ment .
soci et y. 9. I tuni tesKeny aandhenceear ni ngher sel frecogni tionandcan
3. Cont ributeposi ti
v elyone’ sv iewsoni ssuesaf fect i
ngt he bei nvitedt ot akepar ti ni nt ernat ional act iviti
esl i
kepeace
communi tyl i
ket aki ngpar ti ndebat es. keepi ngmi ssi onsorbei ngchosenasaheadquar tersofan
4. Pr omot esr uleofl awbyr epor tlawbr eaker sandt hose i
nt er national agencye. g.UNEP.
i
nt endi ngt obr eakt hel awt ot hepol ice.
5. Topr omot eandpr otectt her ight sandf reedomsofal lpeople Nat i
onaluni ty
i
nt hesoci etyf orhar moni ousco- exi st ence.
6. Mai ntai nhi ghmor al andet hi
cal st andar dsint hesoci ety/ Fact
or st hatpr omot enat i
onal uni ty
fi
ght scor rupt i
on/pr omot espr operut il
izationofr esour ces
foral l
. 1. Theuni tar yconst itutionpr ovidesf orequal ityofal lKeny ans
7. Par ticipat ei ncommuni tydev elopmentact i
v i
tiest oimpr ove bef or et hel aw.
thewel fareoft hepeopl ei nthecommuni t
y. 2. Onegov er nmentwhi chi sr ecogni zedbyal lKeny ansandt hus,
8. Pay i
ngt axt ot hegov er nmentt oensur esmoot hf i
nancial runst heaf fairsoft hecount r
y ,hencepr omot inguni t
y .
oper ations. 3. Thei nst itutionoft hepr esi dencywhi chi sr ecogni zedbyt he
9. Takecar eoft heenv i
ronmentt opr omot eheal thyl i
vi
ng. const it
ut ionast hespokesper sonandt hei nt ernat ional
10. Tocont ri
but et oposi tivedev el opmentoft hecount rythr ough repr esent ativ eofal lKeny ans.
har dwor k, regar dlessoft hewor konei sdoi ng. 4. Oneeducat ionsy stem pr omot esuni tyt hr ought heuseofone
11. Ensur epr operuseofpubl icandpr ivat ef acili
tiesandpr operty cur riculum i nal l publ icschool s, useofonemedi um of
/t aki ngcar eoft heenv ir
onmentf oraheal thyl iv i
ng. i
nst ruction, commonnat ional exami nat ions, Cent rali
zed
12. Bemi ndf ul ofot herpeopl e’swel far e, li
kehel pingt hedi sabled, traininganddepl oy mentoft eacher sandexi stenceofnat i
onal
theaged, thechi ldrenandt hel essf or tunat ei nt hesoci et y. school s.Teachi ngofsubj ect sl i
keHi stor yandRel igi
onaswel l
asdr amaandmusi cact i
v i
t i
esi nschool sal sopr omot es
Valuesofagoodci tizen nat ional uni ty.
5. Theeconomi cgr owt ht hati ncl udesequi tabl edi stributionof
1. He/ sheshoul dbepat riotict ot hecount ry. resour cesl ikeschool sandheal thser v icesandpr ov i
sionof
2. Oneshoul dt akepar tinact iviti
est hatf ost ernat ional unity, wat er,ur bani zationwher epeopl elivei nuni tyr egar dlessoft hei
r
i
ncl udi ngeconomi cact iv i
ties. backgr ounds, empl oy mentoppor tunitiesanduseofcommon
3. Oneshoul dpar ticipatei ndemocr aticpr ocessei t herasa cur rency .
cont enderorav ot er. 6. UseofKi swahi l
i andEngl ishasof fi
cial languagesenabl es
4. Oneshoul dpr otecthumandi gnity ;e.g.shoul ddi scour agemob Keny anst oi nteractf reel yandwi thease.
j
ust ice. 7. Exi stenceandcommemor at i
onofnat ional act ivit
iesl i
ke
5. Oneshoul dr espectsoci aljust ice; e.g.pr ot estagai nstgrabbi ng nat ional hol iday s, agr i
cul tur al andot hershowsaswel las
ofpubl icl and. gamesandspor ts.
6. Oneshoul dobser veequi tybyr espect ingt hei nter estsofev ery 8. Themassmedi a, thusmodesofcommuni cat iont hatar eused

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 18
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
topassi nformat iontoal argenumberofpeopl eatthesame 3. Count ryv s.count ry/St at
ev s.state
time.Theyi ncludenewspaper s, magazi nes,radioandt elev
isi
on. 4. St atev s.gr oup
Theyenabl eal lKeny ansfrom anypar tofthecount ryto 5. Gr oupv s.gr oup
contributet onat ionaldebatesbef oredeci sionsofnat ional 6. St atev s.i ndi v
idual
impor tancear emade.
9. Var i
oussy mbol sofnat ional unityli
ket henat ionalanthem, Eff
ectsofconf licts
loyalt
ypl edge, Coatofar msaswel lasNat i
onal phi
losophies
promot easenseofbel onging, thusuni ty. 1. Manydeat hsasar esultofwar .
2. Dest ruct ionofpr oper t
ydur i
ngv iolence.
Howtheconst it
utionpr omot esnat ionalintegration 3. Di splacementofpeopl e/internallydispl
acedpersons.
4. Insecur ityaspeopl eloset r
usti neachot her.
1. Itguar anteesequal oppor t
uni tytoall Kenyans. 5. Itunder mi nesnat i
onal unit
y
2. Itprovidespr ot ecti
ont oallindiv i
dualsagai nstanyf orm of 6. Enmi tyandhat r
eder uptsamongpeopl e
discri
mi nation/Bi l
lofrights. 7. Vi ol
at i
onofpeopl e’sri
ghtsandf reedoms
3. Itprovidesf orauni t
arygov er nment . 8. Economi cset backs/Lackofdev elopmentinthesociet
y
9. Suspi cion, fearandpoorr elati
ons
Symbolsofnat i
onaluni ty
Peacefulmet hodsofr esolvingconf l
icts
1. Thenat i
onal flag
2. Thenat i
onal ant hem a) Compr omi se
3. Thecoatofar ms
4. Thepubl icseal  Eachpar tyi nv ol
vedhast osacr i
ficesomet hi
ngtobringpeace.

b) Ar
bit
rat
ion
I
mpor
tanceofNat
ional
uni
ty
Thi
sisusedt
osol
veconf
li
ctoutofcour
t
1. I
tcreat
esunityfornat i
onal development
2. I
tpromotespeacef ulco-existence
Adv
ant
agesofar
bit
rat
ion
3. I
tpromotespatri
otism andnat i
onali
sm
4. I
tenhancescommuni cationasi tinv
olv
esanof
fi
cial
language
1.I
tisfl
exibl
easonechoosest heti
metomeet.
5. I
tpromotespoli
ticalstabili
ty
2.Onecanchoosehis/herownar bit
rat
or.
6. I
tel
iminatessuspicion
3.I
tispri
vateandconfi
dent
ial/nopubli
cit
y.
4.I
tisfastasonechoosesthetime.
Fact
orst
hatmayl
imi
tnat
ional
uni
ty
5.Onechooseshis/herrul
es.
1. Tr ibalism /racism /nepot ism /et hni
city.
c) Medi
ati
on
2. Rel igiousconf li
ct sandf anat icsmayl eadtodifferences
betweeni ndiv i
dual s.
Thi
si susedtosolv
econfli
ctsfr
om pol
it
icalf
actor
se. g.
3. Di scriminatoryl awe. g.basedongender
bet
weenpol i
ti
calpart
iesori
nter
nat
ionalconf
li
ctsleadingt
o
4. Par t
ymember shi p/af fi
liationswhi chmayl eadt o
si
gningofagreements.
discri
mi nati
onbaseddi fferentpar ti
es.
5. Pol iti
cal i
deologi es/i ntoler anceofdi ver
gentpol i
ti
cal v
iewsand
e) Negot
iat
ion/Reconci
li
ati
on
ideologies.
6. Gr eedont hesi deofpol itical leaders(corrupti
on)
 Agr
eei
ngoni
ssues,
butnotnecessar
il
ywi
thf
act
s
7. I gnorancear isingf rom lackofi nformat i
on.
8. Pov ertywhichmayl eadt ov i
cesl i
ket heftcancausedi suni
ty.
f
) Col
labor
ati
on
9. I rr
esponsi bl
eut terancesbypol i
ti
cal l
eaders.
11.Misuseofpowerbyl eader sf ort heirowngai nsdisunitethe
Agr
eeandco-
oper
ateandwor
ktoget
her
people.
g) I
sol
ati
on/
avoi
ding/accor
dance
CONFLI
CTRESOLUTI
ON.
Keept
hetwoparti
essepar
ate
Aconfl
icti
sadisagreementbetweentwopeopl
eorgroups(di
sput
e)
Conf
li
ctresol
uti
onistheprocessofsett
li
ngadi
sput
e/di scor
d/
h) Legi
slat
ion
di
sagr
eementwheni toccurs.
Passi
ngofl
egi
sl
ati
onsbypar
li
amentt
ocr
imi
nal
i
zecer
tai
nact
ivi
ti
es
Causesofconf
li
cts
i
) Admi
nist
rat
ivemachi
ner
y
1.Reli
giousdiff
erences.
2.Nepotism
3.Tri
balism  Li
ket
heChi
eforDO
4.Racism
5.Partyloyal
ti
es j
) Li
ti
gat
ion/Cour
tsy
stem.
6.I
rresponsibl
estatementsbyl
eader
s/abuseofof
fi
cebyl
eader
s.
 I
tinv
olv
estheuseofal
egal
panel
tol
i
stent
othe2par
ti
esand
Lev
elsofconf
li
cts makeajudgment
.

1. I
ndi
vi
dual
vs.i
ndiv
idual l
) Pr
obl
em sol
vi
ng
2. I
ndi
vi
dual
vs.gr
oup
 Tr
aceanddeal
wit
hther
ootcauseoft
heconf
li
ct

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 19
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
1. Alltheot herlawsar eeit
herdependentorlimit
edbyit.
Pr
ocessofsol
vi
ngconf
li
ctbymedi
ati
on 2. Itprescribesthef orm, admini
strationandbodypoli
ti
csofthe
count ry
1. Acceptthatconf li
ctsdoexi st 3. Itdetermi nesther elat
ionshi
pamongor gansandinsti
tut
ionsof
2. Diagnosingt heconf l
icttoestabli
shthenatureandcauses gover nmentandbet weenthecitizensandthei
rgovernment.
3. Examinet hecausesandsy mpt omscriti
call
y(grievances) 4. Itguidest hedirectionthatshouldbet akenincasea
4. Determinehowf artheconf li
cthasadv ancedi.e.depthand contradictionarisesbet weenitandanyot herl
awoft hel
and.
standoft hepar t
iesinvolves.
5. Managet heconf l
ictby: Char
act
eri
sti
csofagoodconst
it
uti
on
 Def i
ningt heproblem andpr esent
ingallthepossi bl
e
solut i
onsav ail
able 1. Itshouldcont aincl earandr eal
ist
icprov
isi
onsf orits
 I mpl ementt hesol ut
ion amendment s
 Fol lowupt oseehowef fecti
vethesolutioni s. 2. Itscontenti sclearlydef i
ned/itshouldbedefinit
eandspel lout
 Ev aluat ei.
e.reasonsf orfail
ureorsuccess i
t scontent sinasi mpl elanguage.
3. Itiscompr ehensive,thuscov ersal
laspect
sofgov ernment.
NB.I
fincour
t,courtprocedur
eshav
etobef
oll
owedbef
ore 4. Itshouldbedur ableandr i
gid,t
husnoteasil
ychangedor
pr
osecut
ioni
sr eached/done. tamper edwi th.
5. Itshouldbeel asti
corf l
exibl
etoadapttothechangi ngneedsof
Vi
olentway
sofsol
vi
ngconf
li
cts thesoci et
y .
6. Itmustbeabl et opr otectthefundamentalr
ightsandf reedoms
a) Subj
ugat
ion oft heciti
zens.
7. Itshouldt akecar eofal lgroupsinthesoci
ety.
 Onesidelosesandanot heronewins
 Ordercancomef r
om above-f
oronesideorbothtost
op Typesofconst
it
uti
on
hosti
li
tyorel
sef orcebeused.
1. Unwr i
tt
en
 Maynotbeef fecti
v esi
ncemistr
ustandhosti
li
tymaycont
inue.
2. Wr i
tt
en
b) Pol
ici
ng
a) Unwr
it
ten
c) Ar
medf
orces
Thi
skindofconsti
tuti
oncont
ainslaws,
cust
omsandtradi
ti
ons
whichmaybewr i
tteninv
ari
ousplacesormaynotbewri
tt
enatal
l
e.
g.Bri
ti
shconsti
tuti
on.
CONSTITUTION&CONSTI TUTIONMAKI NG
AConstit
uti
onisaset/col lecti
onofagreedpr inci
ples,
rul
esand
b) Wr
it
ten
regul
ati
onsthatguideagov ernmentandt hegov er
nmentinthei
r
duti
es,r
esponsibi
l
itiesandlimit
softhei
rf reedoms.
I
tisdocument
ed
Composi
ti
onofaconst
it
uti
on
Adv
ant
ages
1. St
ructureofagov er
nment .
1. Iti
snoteasi lyal
ter edbyself
ishpersonsfort hei
rowninterests.
2. Al
lrulespertai
ningtot heheadofst ate.
2. Incaseofacr i
sis,itpr
ovidesaclearguidelineont heprocedur e
3. Composi t
ion,powersandf unct
ionsofpar l
i
amentaryl
aw.
tobef oll
owed.
4. Composi t
ionoft heexecut i
veorganoft hegover
nment.
3. Iti
susual lyr
igi
dasi tr
ecognizesthefundament alri
ghtsi
nt he
5. Composi t
ionoft hejudiciar
ywithpower sofcourt
s.
country.
6. Duti
esandr ightsofcitizens.
4. Iti
sgoodf oranewl yf
ormedst at
etost ar
tinanor derl
ymanner .
7. Guaranteeoffundament alhumanrights.
5. Itrecognizesall
t hepeopleinthecountry,regar dl
essoftheir
status.
Fact
orst
hatdet
ermi
net
hef
ormat
ionofaconst
it
uti
on
6. Itunit
est hepeopl easiti
smadeaf terathor oughconsultati
on.
1. Hist
or icalbackgroundofacount
ry
2. Geogr aphicalfactor
se.g.i
thasI
slands.
I
tsdemer
it
s/di
sadv
ant
ages
3. Reli
giousbel iefsofthepeopl
ee.
g.iftoi
ncor
por
ateI
slami
c
Sharia.
1. I
tistoorigi
dforamendment.
4. Racial composi t
ion.
2. I
tgiv
est hejudi
ciar
ytoomuchpower.
3. Theproceduretoamendissl
owandcostly
.
Funct
ions/I
mpor
tanceofaconst
it
uti
on
4. I
tistoodetail
edtobeunder
stoodbytheor
dinar
ypeopl
e.
1. I
tpr ovi
desalegal gr
oundf ormakingacountry’
slaws.
Sour
cesofKeny
anLaw.
2. I
tspel l
soutpower sofgover nmentandit
srelat
ionshi
ptothe
governed.
1. Custom ofparli
ament/Standingorder
sandot herr
egul
ati
ons.
3. Rightsanddutiesofcit
izensar edef
inedbytheconsti
tut
ion.
2. Conv enti
onsandpract
ices.
4. I
tensur esequali
tyofal
l ci
tizens.
3. Statutes/Actsofparl
i
ament .
5. I
tisasy mbolofunit
y.
4. Customs/Anci entortr
adit
ionalpr
acti
ces.
5. Precedents/Appli
cati
onofacceptedprinci
plestoasi
tuat
ion.
6. Thecommonl aw.
Theconst
it
uti
onasaf
undament
all
awoft
hecount
ry
Rol
esofKeny
anconst
it
uti
oni
ngov
erni
ngoft
hecount
ry

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 20
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

1. Itspell
souttherightsofcitizensofKeny aandenablest hem to • Whent hecompanyf ail
ed,t
heEuropeansformedt he
knowwhati sexpect ed. coloniali
stsAssociat
ionin1902tohandleadmi ni
strat
ivei
ssues
2. Itspell
soutthedut i
es,responsibil
it
iesandlimi
tsofthosei n i
nKeny a.
power ,t
hustheleaderscanonl yactaccordi
ngtothepr ovisi
ons • Between1923- 1954,thereweresever
alconsti
tuti
onal
oftheconstit
uti
on. development sasAf r
icansst
ruggl
edformorer epresentat
ioni
n
3. Itensuresequal
ityofallKeny ansirr
espectiv
eofthei
rst atus. thelegislat
ivecounci
l (
LegCo).
4. Iti
sthebasisofal ll
egislat
ionsi nt
hecount r
y.Anylawt hatis
contrar
yt ot
heconst it
utionisrenderednullandvoi
d I. EastAf
ri
canor
deri
nCounci
l(1897)
5. Itspell
soutthestructureoft hegovernmentandoutlinest he
functi
onsofeachar m. • Thi
ssetuptheof f
iceofthecommissi
oner,
appoi
ntedbyt
he
Queen.
Thei
ndependenceconst
it
uti
on • Thi
swast heoff
icechargedwit
htheestabl
i
shmentofasyst
em
ofadmini
str
ati
on.
Thi
sconsti
tut
ionwasfor
mul
ateddur
i he2ndLancast
ngt erHouse
Conf
erenceof1962. I
tsr
ole

I
tsf
eat
ures/pr
ovi
sions 1. Setupt
henecessar
yadministr
ati
vebodiesinthepr
otect
orat
e.
2. Hadaut
hori
tyt
omakel aws
1. I tprov i
dedf oraGov er norGener alwhowast heHeadofSt at
e 3. Hadaut
hori
tyt
oestabl
ishcourtsofl
aw
onbehal foft heQueen. 4. Hewasanswerabl
etosecretar
yofstat
ei nLondon.
2. I tprov i
dedf orani ndependentJudi ciarytoensur ej usti
ceand
prev entcor rupt ion. II
. EastAf ri
caOr deri nCounci l(1902)
3. I tsetupaJudi cialSer v i
ceCommi ssiont oappoi ntJudi ci
al
Officer s. 1. Thi sempower edt hecommi ssionert odi videt hecount ryinto
4. I tprov i
dedt hat ,theGov ernorinconsul tati
onwi thRegi onal prov i
ncesanddi str
ictsf ort hepur posesofadmi ni
st r
ation.
Aut hor itiesandt hePr imeMi nister,appoi nt ingofChi efJust ce. 2. Hecoul
i dal sohi reandsackpubl icser vant s
5. I tprov i
dedf orsev enr egi onal gov ernment sandwhosepower 3. Heest ablishedacent ral gov ernmentsy stem.
i
ncl udedl and, educat i
on, heal t
handt hepol ice. 4. TheKeny a-Ugandar ai
lwayf aci li
tat edt heincr easeofEur opean
6. I tcompr isedr ulesandf undament al r
ightsofci ti
zens. andAsi anset tlement sinKeny aaswor kersandEur opeansas
7. I tprov i
dedf ort heest abl i
shmentoft hePubl i
cSer vi
ce mi ssi
onar i
esandt radersandgamehunt ers.
Commi ssi onandt heCent ralLandBoar dtoensur ef ai
rand 5. Thecommi ssi oner -Eli
otchancesi nv i
tedmanyset tlerst ocome
effect ivegov ernance. andset tl
ei nKeny at oenabl et hepayf ort her ailway
8. I tprov i
dedf ort heTenur eofOf ficeoft heJudgesandt he const ruction.
Attor neyGener al.
9. I tprov i
dedf ort heMul ti-
Par t
ydemocr acywher et hepar tywith I
II
. EastAf ri
caor derinCounci l( 1905)
themaj or i
t yi npar liamentf ormedt hegov ernment .
10. I tdef inedt heamendmentpr ocedur esucht hatspeci al majori
ty 1. I tenhancedt heof ficeoft hecommi ssioner .
oft wot hi rdmaj orityr equi redt ochanget heconst i
tuti
on. 2. I tchangedt het it
lef r
om commi ssi onert o‘Gov ernorand
11.Itpr ov i
dedf ort hesepar ati
onofpower sf ort het hreear msof commanderi n-chief ’
government . 3. I tgav etheGov ernor&Commander -i
n-Chi efpowert oappoi nt
12.Itwasbi -camer al/pr ov idedf ort wochamber sofpar li
ament , j
udi ci
al officer s.
Senat eandHouseof 4. LegCowassetupandExecut i
v eCounci l.
repr esent at ives
13.Itpr ov i
dedf ort heposi t
ionoft hePr imeMi ni sterast heheadof 1920, Keny awasdecl aredaBr it
ishCol ony .
government .
I
V. Dev onshi reWhi tePaper( 1923)
NB.Thesenat eaut hor i
zeddecl arationofst ateofemer gency ,
approv edconst itut i
onal amendmentandappr ov edbi lls. I
tdeclaredKeny aan‘ Afri
cant erri
t ory’ andi nterest sofKeny anwer e
par
amount .
Const it
ut i
onmaki ngi nKeny a • Gov ernorbecamepr esidenti n1925wi ththef ollowingpower s.
i. Hecoul di ni
tiatel egi slationonf inances
• Thi sst ar tedf rom t het imewhent heBr it
ishannexedKeny anin ii
. Coul dsuspendandr emov emember sot hert hanthe
1885. ex- of f
ici
omember s.
• Theyr ul edKeny at hr ought hei mper i
al Brit
ishEastAf r
ica ii
i. Coul dpr olongordi ssol v etheLegCo.
Company( I
BEAC)whi chwasst artedbySi rWi ll
iam Macki nnon.
• Angl o- Ger managr eementof1886gav eTangany ikat oGer many • I n1948, Roy al i
nstruct i
onswer ei ssuedt oi ncrease
&Keny at oBr itain. represent ationi ntheLegCo.
Angl o- Ger managr eementof1890( Heligolandt reaty)gav e • 1944, EliudMat huwasnomi nat edt othel egCo.
Ugandat oBr it
ainast hey( Germans)t ookHel i
gol and( asmal l • 1946, Wal terFanuel odedef ol l
owed.
Isl
andi nEur ope) . • I n1946, KAU( Keny aAf ri
canUni onwasf ormedasapol i
ti
cal
par t
y.
Roleoft hecompany • I n1954, Littletonconst itutionwassetupandi tr ecommended
foramul ti-raci algov ernmentwi thAf ri
canel ectiont ot heLeg-co.
1. Mai nt ainl awandor der • 1958, Af ri
canr epresent at i
oni nt heLegCowasi ncreasedbyt he
2. Appoi ntadmi nist r
at ors LenoxBoy dconst it
ut i
on.
3. Endsl av et rade
4. Pr omot el egi t i
mat et rade V. 1stLancast erHouseConf erence- 1960
5. Col l
ectt axes

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 21
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
i
fhe/ shewaspercei
vedtobeat hr
eattost
atesecur
ity
.
• Fr
om t
heconf
erence,
4Af
ri
canswer
eappoi
ntedasmi
nist
ers.  Presidentcoul
dcont
rolt
hefreedom ofpr
ess.
 Unicamer al
housewasadopt
edwi ththemergeroft
hetwo
VI
. 2ndLancasterHouseConfer
ence1962 houses.
Thei
ndependenceconsti
tut
ionwassetup.
1967
St
agesi
nconst
it
uti
onmaki
ng.  Clearedtheinter
pretat
ionofsec-42A,
thusitmeantthat
one’sactionscouldbet akentomeanacti
onsthathe/she
1. Debateov ercontenti
ousissues. hadf or
feitaseat(parl
i
ament ary
)byvir
tueofsupport
inga
2. Coll
ect i
ngofpubl i
cviews. di
fferentparty
.
3. Civi
ceducat ion.
4. Conveni ngconsti
tuti
onalconferences. 1968
5. Draft
ingoft heconstit
uti
on.  Abolishedal lprovi
ncialcouncil
s.
6. Referendum.  Allcandidatesf orgeneralelect
ionswer et obenomi nat
ed
7. Enactingoft heconsti
tut
ion. byregisteredpol i
ticalpar
ti
es.
8. Promul gati
onoft heconsti
tut
ion.  Presidentwoul dbedi rect
lyelectedbyt hepeople.
 I
fthepr esidentialseatfel
lvacant ,t
heVi cePresi
dent
Thepr
ocessofConst
it
uti
onmaki
ngi
nKeny
a. wouldov erf or90day swi t
hinwhi ch,el
ectionswouldheld.
 12MPswoul dbeappoi nt
edbyt hepr esidenttorepl
ace
1. Themember sofpar l
iamentst artbydebat i
ngov ercont
entious thespeciallyelectedmember sofHouseRepr esentati
ves.
i
ssuesi ewhati ncludeandwhatt ochange.
2. Thecol l
ecti
onofv iewsf rom t heci tizensont hesamef oll
ows. 1969
3. Civiceducat ionist henconduct edt oenabl etheci ti
zens
 Al
lmembersoft
heECKwoul
dbeappoi
ntedbyt
he
under standwhati tmeans.
pr
esi
dent
.
4. Aconst i
tut
ional conf erencei st henhel dt odiscusst heideas
from thepubl i
c.
1974
5. Theconst i
tutionist hendr aft
edbyexper tstoensur eiti
s
 Votingagewasr educedfrom 21to18y ears
proper l
ydone.
6. Ar eferendum i sthenconduct edwher ethecitizensaregivena  Agef orpresi
dencywaslower edfrom 40to35years.
chancet ovot efororagai nstthedr aftconstitution.  Kiswahili
becameof fi
ci
allanguageinparli
ament.
7. Ifiti
sappr ov edbyt heelect orate,itist henenact edbythe  Profici
encyinbothEngli
shandKi swahil
iwasrequir
edfor
par l
i
ament . qualifi
cat
iontostandasapar li
amentarycandi
date.
8. Theconst i
tutionist hepr esent edt ot hepeopl ebyt hepresident
,
thuspr omul gation.

CONSTI
TUTI
ONAMENDMENTSSI
NCEI
NDEPENDENCE
1975
1964  TheLegislat
iveandfinanci
alreport
swer eall
owedt obe
 Thepostoft hePr i
meMi ni sterwasrepl acedwithan quot
edinEngl ish,
thoughtheycouldbedebat edinEngl
ish
executi
vepresident. orSwahili
.
 Postofv i
cepresidentwasal socreatedandhe/ shewould  ThePresidentcouldpardonelecti
onoffenders,
otherwi
se,
beappointedbyt hepresident coul
dcont estagainaft
er5y ear
sf r
om court’
sverdi
ct.
 Power sbytheregionsint her egi
onal governmentwere
reducedasf i
nancialsuppor tfrom t
heCent r
algov nment 1977
er
wasdeni edtothem.  CourtofAppealwasestabl
ished,
followi
ngthecoll
apseof
EastAfri
canCommunity&EastAfricanCourtofAppeal
.
1965  ChiefJust
icebecamejudgeofcour tofAppeal
andhigh
 Appr ovalforstat
eofemer gencytobedecl
aredwas court.
reducedf rom 65%toasimpl emajori
tyoft
heMP’ s
 Periodt oseekparli
amentaryresol
uti
onoverst
ateof 1979
emer gencywasext endedfrom 7to21days.  Publ
icoff
icer
sweretoresi
gn6mont hsi
nadv
ancet
o
 Regional Assemblywasreplacedwithprov
inci
alcounci
l
s. qual
i
fyforparl
iament
arycandi
dat
ure.

1982
 Kenyabecameaone-partyst
ate,
(Sect
ion2Aofthe
1966 consti
tut
ionwasamended)
 Commonweal thciti
zensbecamel egi
blef orKeny an  Offi
ceofthechi
efsecr
etarywascreat
edasheadofpubl
i
c
ci
tizenshi p,unlikebeforewhent heywereent it
ledt oit
. serv
ice.
 Amemberofpar li
amentwhowasj ail
edfor6mont hsof
mor ewast ofor f
eithi
sseat. 1985
 AnMPwhomi ssed8consecut i
vesessionswi t
hout  Highcourtcouldhandleelecti
onpet i
ti
ons.
permi ssionf rom thespeaker,hewoul dalsolosehi sseat .  Highcourtjudgeappointedtocour tofappealcoul
d
 AnMPwhodef ectedfr
om thepar t
ythatsponsor edhim /r conti
nuehear i
ngcaseshe/swashandl inginHighCour
t.
wast of or f
eithisseatandseekf r
eshmandat eonhi snew  Member shi
poft hePubl i
cServiceCommi ssi
onwas
party’
st icket. i
ncreasedto15, i
ncludingthechairmanandv i
cechai
rman.
 Thepr esidentwasempower edtoappoint/di smi sssenior  Acquisi
ti
onofci t
izenshipforanyoneborni nKenyaaf
ter
ci
v i
lser vantsatwi l
l. 11/12/1963.
 Presidentwasempower edtodet ai
naci t
izenwi thouttri
al,

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 22
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
1986 thejudi
ciar yforef fi
ciency .
 Remov
alofsecuri
tyoft
enureofoffi
cesofAG,
Cont
rol
l
er 5. Onl ytwoway sofbecomi ngaKeny anciti
zenar erecogni zed,
&Audi
tor
-Gener
alandChiefSecr
etary
. thusbybi rthandr egistr
at i
on.Dual cit
izenshi
pi salsolegal .
6. Cr eati
onoft heLandCommi ssionwhichwi ll
ensur eeffective
1988 l
anduseandset tl
el anddi sputesinthecount ry.
 Removalofsecur
it
yoft
enureofjudgesofhi
ghcour
tand 7. Expansi onoft heci ti
zens’ Bil
lofRightst oguaranteeequal
chai
rmanofpubli
cser
vicecommi ssi
on. repr
esent ationf oreithergenderi nallgov er
nancest r
uct ures
 Poli
cecoul
dholdacapi
taloff
encesuspectf
or14days. andincreasedci ti
zen’ partici
pationindemocr aticgovernance.
8. Recogni tionoft heKadhi CourtsasaSubor dinatecourtint he
1990 Judici
alsy stem.
 Securi
tyoft
enureforoff
iceofAG andCont
rol
l
er& 9. Theconst ituti
oncanonl ybeamendedbypar l
iamentary
Audit
orGeneral
-Rei
nstat
ed. approval.
10. Itpr
ov i
desf ort her uleofl aw,thusalllegalmat t
ersarehandl ed
i
naccor dancewi t
ht helaw.
11. Thesepar at i
onofpower sbet weent heExecut i
ve,Legislature
andJudi ciary.

1991 Chapt
ersoft
henewconst
it
uti
on.
 Multi
-part
ism wasre-
intr
oduced.
 Securi
tyoftenureofpresi
dentwasli
mit
edt o2termsof5 1. Sov
erei
gnt
yoft
hepeopl
eandsupr
emacyoft
heconst
it
uti
on
year
seach
 Apresidenti
alcandi
datemustattai
n25%v otescastf
rom  Thepowerbel
ongstothepeopleandi
tshal
lbeexer
cised
fi
veoft heprovi
ncestobedeclar
edthewinner. accor
dingt
otheconst
itut
ion.

1996 2. TheRepubl
ic
 Par
li
ament
aryseat
swer
eincr
easedf
rom 188t
o210
 Keny
aisasov
erei
gnr
epubl
i
cdi
vi
dedi
ntocount
ies.
1997
 Poli
ti
calpart
iesweretonominatetheMP’s(Nominat
ed)
.  Ki
swahil
iisaNat i
onal
language,
whi
l
eEngl
ish&Ki
swahi
liar
e
of
fi
cial
languages.
 Coali
ti
ongov er
nmentwasintroduced.
 Leaderofrunnersuppar
tybecameof f
ici
all
yheadof
3. Ci
ti
zenshi
p
opposit
ioninparl
iament
 Dual
cit
izenshi
pisl
egal
i
zed.
1998
 Thenewconstit
uti
onwoul dbebasedonthepri
nci
plesof
4. TheBi
llofRi
ght
s
democracy,
accountabi
l
ity
,humanright
s,peopl
e’
s
par
ti
cipat
ionandsocialj
usti
ce.
 I
tcompr
ises26r
ight
sandf
reedomsofci
ti
zens.
2001
5. LandandEnv
ironment
 Const
itut
ional
revi
ewcommi
ssi
onwassetupt
owor
kona
dr
aftconsti
tut
ion.
 All
landinKenyabelongstothepeopleofKeny
acoll
ect
ivel
yas
anation,communit
iesandindi
vi
duals.
2008
 Therefor
et hel
andi
sclari
fi
edaspublic,
communit
yandpr i
vat
e.
 Grandcoali
tionwasint
roducedingov
ernment
,wi
thpost
ofPM andt wodeputi
es
6. Leadershi
pandintegr
ity
.
2010, t
henewconst itut
ionwaspromulgat
edbythet
henpr
esident
Mwai Kibaki
.  Thi scomprisest
heguideli
nesf
orst
ateof
fi
cer
s.

HowtheNati
onalAccordandReconci
li
ati
onAct
,2008af
fect
edt
he
composi
ti
onofthegovernment
. 7. TheLegi
slat
ure

1. I
tcreatedacoali
tiongovernment .  I
thasabi cameralt
ypeoflegisl
ature:Nationalassembly
2. I
tcreatedtheoffi
ce/posi
ti
onoft hePrimeMi ni
ster. (representi
ngthepeopl
eoft heconst it
uencies-
290seats).
3. I
tcreatedtheoffi
ces/posi
tionsofthetwodeputypr ime  Mi ni
mum of47seat sforwomen, 12nomi natedmember sto
minist
ers. representtheyout
h,personswithdi sabil
i
tiesandworkers.
4. I
tincreasedthenumberofmi ni
ster
s/cabi
netministers.  TheSpeakeri sanex-off
ici
omemberoft henational
assembly.

Accordi
ngtot
hisnewconst
it
uti
on,
wehav
ethef
oll
owi
ngkey TheSenat
erepr
esent
sthecount
ies.
changes:
 I
thas47member selectedbyr egi
steredvoter
softhecount
y.
1. Reductionofthepr esident’
sexecut i
vepower s.  16womenar enominatedbyt hepolit
ical
parti
es.
2. Devoluti
onofpowert ot heregionsbythecr eati
onofnational  1mal eand1f emal
er epresenttheyouth.
andcount ygovernment s.  1mal eand1f emal
er epresentpersonswithdisabi
l
iti
es,
and
3. Creati
onoft hesenat eandt henationalassembl y
,thustwo thespeakerastheex-offi
ciomember .
chamber sofparl
iament .
4. Establi
shmentoft heJudi ci
al Serv
iceCommi ssi
onwhi chshal
l 8. Repr
esent
ati
onoft
hepeopl
e
promoteandf aci
litatetheindependenceandaccount abil
it
yof

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 23
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

 I
tpr
ovi
desgui
dingpr
inci
plest
otheel
ect
oral
process.  Thisi
sagui deli
neontheenforcementandt hei
nterpretati
onof
theconsti
tuti
on.
9. TheExecut
ive  Anycit
izencangot ocour
tifhe/shef eelstheconstit
utionhas
beencontravenedori
tisfacedwithathreatofcontraventi
on.
 Thisarm ofgov’
texecuteslawandi mpl ementsgov’tpol
ici
es.
 I
tcompr i
sesthePresident,DeputyPresident
,andnotf ewer
than14ormor ethan22cabi netsecretari
es(minist
ers),
Secret
arytothecabinetandDi r
ectorofpubli
cpr osecuti
on.
 I
tshouldrefl
ecttheregionalandethnicdiver
sit
yoft hepeople 18.Tr
ansi
ti
onalandconsequent
ial
prov
isi
ons
ofKenya.
 Thetimet abl
ef ori
mpl ementi
ngthenewconst i
tuti
onmustbe
10.TheJudi
ciar
y adheredto.
 Thepar l
i
amentshoul denactlegi
slat
iont
ogov ernpar
ti
cular
 Thi
scompr
isest
hel
awcour
tsandt
hej
udi
cial
off
icer
s. matters,other
wi seanycit
izencangot ocourtfort
hesameand
theParli
amentcanbedi ssolv
edbyt hepresi
dentonadviceby
11.Dev
olv
edGov
ernment theChiefJustice.

 Keny
aisdi
videdi
nto47count
ies,
wit
haCount
yAssembl
yand
aCount
yExecuti
ve.
DEMOCRACY&HUMANRI
GHTS
12.Publ
icf
inance Democr
acy

 AConsoli
datedFundhasbeenestabli
shedinwhichall
the Meansgov er
nmentofthepeople,
forthepeopleandbyt
hepeopl
e.
moneyrecei
vedbythenati
onalgovernmentispaid. I
tisbasedonpolit
ical
,soci
alandeconomicaspects.
 Acommi ssi
ononRevenueAllocat
ionisalsoi
nplacetomake
recommendati
onsconcer
ningthebasisforequi
tabl
eshar
ingof Typesofdemocracy
nati
onal
revenue.
a) Dir
ect/Pure
13.Thepubli
cService
Peopl
edirect
lyr
unt hegover
nmente.g.Athens.
 I
tdeal
swi
thempl
oyi
ngcompet
entci
vi
lser
vant
s.
Way
sofappl
yi
ng
14.Nat
ional
secur
it
y
Ref
erendum
 Theorgansofnationalsecur
it
yi ncl
udeKenyaDefenseForces,
TheNational
Int
ell
igenceServiceandt heNati
onalPol
ice Al
ladultvot
ersexpr
esst
hei
rvi
ewoni
ssuest
hroughbal
l
ot.
Serv
ice.
I
nit
iat
ive
 Theyaresuperv
isedbyt heNationalSecur
it
yCouncil.
Peopl
eini
ti
atel
egi
sl
ati
onandpassont
olegi
slat
uret
oendor
se.
15.Commi
ssi
onsandI
ndependentOf
fi
ces
Recal
l
Theyar
e10commi
ssi
ons:
Elect
edoff
ici
alsar
eremov
edf
rom of
fi
cebyt
hev
oter
sbyv
oteofno-
1. TheKeny aNationalHumanRi ghtsandEqual
it
yCommi ssi
on
confi
dence
2. TheNat i
onalLandCommi ssion
3. TheI ndependentElectoral andBoundar i
esCommissi
on
Pl
ebi
sci
te
4. Parli
ament aryServi
ceCommi ssion
5. JudicialServi
ceCommi ssion
Obt
ainadi
rectv
oteonmat
ter
sofpol
i
cyorpol
i
tical
impor
tancef
rom
6. Commi ssi
ononRev enueAl l
ocation
t
hepeopl
e.
7. PublicServiceCommi ssi
on
8. NationalPoliceServi
ceCommi ssion
Adv
ant
ages
9. Teacher sServi
ceCommi ssion
10. Sal
ariesandRemuner ati
onsCommi ssi
on
1. Thelawsmadear ewelcomebyal l
thepeopl ei
nashort
ti
me.
16.Amendmentoft
heconst
it
uti
on
2. Promotespatr
ioti
sm asthepeopl
ef eelt
heyownt he
governmentdeci
sion-
makingprocessandthelawst heypass.
 I
tst ipulatesthatamendment scanbedoneby2t hir
dmajor
it
y
3. Theyunderst
andthei
rownl awsbetterandhenceobey
votesi npar l
iament.
them easi
l
y.
 Ot her samendment scanbedonebyar efer
endum wi t
h20%of
registeredv oter
sin24counties. Disadvant
ages
 Theot herwayofmaki nganamendmenti sbyasi mplemaj
ori
ty
oftheci t
izensvoti
ngintherefer
endum. 1. Onlysui
tabl
einsmallstat
eswithasmallpopul
ati
on.
2. Noteasytosucceedsinceiti
sdif
fi
cul
ttomobili
zeal
lthe
Thusthepar li
ament ar
yini
ti
ativ
eandt hepopul
arini
ti
ativ
e. people.
17.Gener
alpr
ovi
sions b) I
ndi
rect/r
epr
esent
ati
ve

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 24
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
opinion/v i
ewsar er espect ed.
 Thepeopl
egov
ernt
hroughel
ect
edr
epr
esent
ati
ves. 6. Itpromotest olerancebyaccommodat ingother
peopl e’sviewsandi deas.
Way
sofappl
yi
ng 7. Itpromotesi nter nati
onalrel
ati
onsbyobser ving
convent ions/t r
eatiesonhumanr i
ghts.
1. Parl
iamentar
ydemocracy 8. Itpromotesdev elopmentbycreatingenabli
ng/
2. Presi
denti
aldemocr
acy conduci veenv ir
onment .
9. Rightsjustifyspeci alt
reatmentofmi nori
ty/
Adv
ant
agesofr
epr
esent
ati
vedemocr
acy
. disadv antagedcommuni ties.
10. Itprovi
desgui dancet ostateorgansregardi
ng
1. Thepeopl eelectleadersoftheirownchoice. theexer ciseof
2. Thesupremepoweri svestedinthehandsof St
atepower .
thepeopl
e.
3. Thepeopl ecanr ecallt
hei
rleaders. I
tspr
inci
ples/char
ter
4. I
tiseasyt omakedeci si
ons.
5. Theelectedleader sareaccountabletot
he 1. Equali
tyforthesovereignmemberst at
es.
peopl
e/Peoplear eablet oairthei
rgrievances. 2. All
member stoobeyt hecharter
.
3. I
nternati
onalconfl
ict
st obeset t
ledami
cabl
y .
Adv
ant
agesofdemocr
acy 4. Nouseoff orceagainstot her
s.
5. Shouldsupportandassi sttheUN.
1. I
tispopul arast hegov ernmentisel ectedbyt hepeople, 6. Non-memberst atesshoul dnotgoagai
nsttheUN.
henceitcannotaf fordt oignoret hem.
2. I
nademocr ati
ccount r
y,anyonecanr i
setopowerasal l UNChar
teronhumanr
ight
s
peopleareequalbef oret helaw.
3. I
tdevelopsi nit
iativeandsenseofr esponsibil
ityi
npeople. 1. Allhumanbei ngsar ebor nf reeandequal
4. Itbal
ancest helibertyofthepeopleandt hepoweroft he 2. Nodi scri
mi nat i
onunderanyci r
cumst ances
statewherethelatermakesl awsbasedont heconsentoft he 3. Righttolife, l
ibertyandsecur i
ty
formerwhowi ll
i
nglyobeyt hem. 4. Nooneshoul dbeensl aved.
5. I
tpromot espat r
ioti
sm wher epeoplef eeltheyarepartof 5. Not ort
ure, inhumanordegr adingtreat mentor
thegovernment,andt hisr educest hedesireoft hosewhowoul dl i
ke punishment
toremoveit. 6. Recognitionofal lasaper sonbef or et hel aw.
6. I
tpromot espeacef ulco-exi
stencewi thinacountryaswel l 7. Allareequal beforet hel awandar epr otect edbythelaw.
aswi t
hothercount ri
es. 8. Wear eall out fi
eldt or ightofr edressi fwr onged.
9. Noar bit
raryar r
est ,det entionorexi l
e
Di
sadv
ant
agesofdemocr
acy 10. Righttoaf airandpubl ichear i
ng
11. Wear einnocentunl esspr ov edguilty.
1. I
tpromotesdictatorshi
pbymaj ori
ty. 12. Righttopr ot ecti
onofl awagai nstat tacksonourpr iv
acy,
2. I
tencouragesclassst r
uggleandcorrupti
on. home
3. I
tencouragesthegov ernmenttobesl owandwastef
ul. orcorr
espondence.
4. I
tpromoteselecti
onst hatarenotbasedonmer i
t. 13. Freedom ofmov ement
5. I
tmayencour ageincompet ence. 14. Righttoenj oyasy lum i not hercount ries
6. I
tistheelect
edmaj or
it
ywhor ule. 15. Righttonat i
onal i
ty
7. I
tmayenabl ebadl eaderscansailt
hroughbycorr
upti
on. 16. Righttomar r yandst ar taf ami l
y
17. Righttoownpr oper tyindiv i
dual l
yandi nassoci ati
on
Pr
inci
plesofdemocr
acy 18. Freedom oft hought ,consci enceandr eli
gi on
19. Freedom ofopi nionandexpr ession
1. Freedom ofspeech,debateandequali
ty. 20. Freedom ofpeacef ul assembl yandassoci ati
on
2. Parti
cipat
ionofthepeopleinthei
rgovernment
. 21. Rightstot akepar tint hegov ernanceoft henat i
on
3. Openandaccount ablemassmedi a. 22. Righttosoci alsecur i
ty
4. Economi cdemocracy. 23. Righttowor kandf reechoi ceofempl oy ment
5. Equali
tybefor
ethelaw. 24. Righttorestandl eisur e
25. Righttoenj oyaf airst andar dofl i
ving
Humanr
ight
s 26. Righttoeducat ion
27. Righttopar t
icipatei ncul t
ur alli
feofcommuni ty
 Thi
sref
erst
othepowersoff
reeacti
onbyhumanbei
ngs 28. Righttoint ernational order( peaceandst abi l
i
ty)
 Theyar
ebasi
ctosur
viv
alandarecontai
nedi
nbi
ll
of 29. Weal lowedut ytoourcommuni ti
es.
r
ight
s.

Whyi
tisi
mpor
tantt
orespecthumanr
ight
s.
Whyt
heUNChar
teronHumanRi
ght
swasf
ormul
atedbyt
heUNO.
1. Itpromot eshumandi gnityastheright
soft he
peopleareobser v
ed. 1. Tobr i
ngabouti nternationalcooperati
onin
2. Itpromot esunityamongt hepeopleby foster
ingandpr omot ingrespectf orhumanr i
ghtsand
encouragi
nghar moniousco- exi
stence. fundament alfr
eedomsf orall
peopl ewithout
3. Itpromot estheruleoflawbyenhanci ngjusti
ce discri
minationbasedonr ace,language, genderorrel
igi
on.
/goodgov ernanceinthesoci et
y. 2. Toav oidrepetit
ionofat rocit
ieswhichwer e
4. Itpromot esrespectfortheotherpeople’
s commi tt
edagai nsti
nnocentpeopl eduringthe2ndWor l
d
cul
turesbyappr eci
ati
ngcul t
uraldiver
sity. Warl i
ketot heJews.
5. Itpromot esdemocr acyasot herpeopl
e’s 3. Topr eser
v ethedigni t
yofi ndivi
dual
sandt heir

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 25
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
communit
ies. -
Oppor t
unit
iestoassociat
e,berepresentedandpart
ici
patei
n
4. Topr omotesoci
aljusti
ceandpotential
foral
l pol
i
t i
cal
,social
,economicandot herspheresofl
i
fe.
humanbei
ngs. -
Accesst oemployment .
5. Toshowt hatsubj
ectingpeopl
et oinhuman -
Protecti
onfrom harmfulcul
tur
alpracti
cesandexploit
ati
on.
tr
eat
ment/conditi
onsasinpr i
sonsorconcentrat
ion
campsi
sav iol
ati
onofthei
rinali
enabl
erights. 4. Mi
nor
it
iesandt
hemar
ginal
izedgr
oups.

I
mpor
tanceoft
heUNchar
teronHR. -Themar ginal i
zedar ethoseKeny answhoar edi sadvantagedby
discrimi nat i
onongr oundl iker ace, sex , pregnancy ,marit
al
1. I tpromot estheest ablishmentandmai nt
enanceofpeaceand status, heal thst atus, et
hnicorsoci al origin, col our,age,
secur i
ty. disabi l
it
y ,religi
on, consci ence, belief ,cul t
ur e, dress, l
anguageor
2. I tenhancest hepr omot i
onofgoodgov er
nance. birth.
3. I tenablesthepr omot i
onofdev elopment. -Theyi ncl udeacommuni tyofr elativ elysmal lpopul ati
on,a
4. I thelpsineradicatingpov erty
. communi t ythathasr emainedout si det hei nt egr atedsocial&
5. I tfacil
it
atesthepr event i
onoft errori
sm. economi cl i
feofKeny atopr eser vet hei runi quecul ture,a
6. I thelpsinconflictprev ention communi t ywhi chhaschosent oret ainandmai ntaina
7. I thelpsinPeace- maki ng traditi
onal andl ivelihoodbasedonhunt ingorgat heri
ng,and
8. I tfacil
it
ateshumani tari
anassi stance. Past oral per sonsandcommuni ti
es, whet hernomadi corsettl
ed.
9. I thasal socontributedposi t
ivelyt othepromoti
onoftheri
ghts -Theypar ticipateandar erepr esent edi ngov er nanceandot her
oft hewomenandt heirempower ment. spher esofl ife.
10. Itwor ksfort
hechampi oningt her i
ghtsofthevul
ner
ablegroups -Tobepr ov i
dedwi thspeci al oppor tuni tiesi neducat ionand
economi cf i
elds.
Bodi
est
hatmoni
torhumanr
ight
s -Speci aloppor tunitiesforaccesst oempl oy ment .
-Freedom t odev elopt heircultural val ues, languageand
1. Poli
ce/l awenf or cementoff
icer
s pract i
ces, butnott henegat i
vecul tur al pract icest hathinder
2. Lawy er
sandj udges dev elopment .
3. Tradeuni ons -Shoul dhav er easonabl eaccesst owat er,heal thser vi
ces&
4. Journali
sts i
nf rastruct ure.
5. Reli
giousor ganizations.
6. Associati
onsandspeci al
commissi
onse.
g.women’
s 5. Ol
dermember
soft
hesoci
ety
-aged60y
ear
sandabov
e
gr
oups,
business,LawSoci etyKenyaetc.
-
Full
ypartici
pateintheaf f
airsoft
hesociet
y.
TheKeny
anBi
llofRi
ght
s -
Pursuetheirpersonaldevelopment.
-
Liv
eindignityandr espect,andbefr
eefrom abuse.
Thesearetheri
ght
sofanindi
vi
dualbyvirt
ueofbeingahuman -
Receiv
er easonablecareandassistancefr
om theiri
mmedi
ate
bei
ng.Theyarecont
ainedi
nthei
nternat
ional
covenantonci
vi
land f
amilymember s&t hest ate.
pol
iti
cal
right
s.
6. Ri
ght
soft
hear
rest
edper
sons

1.Onei sinnocentunt ilprov enot herwise.

2.Hav eadequat etimeandf acili
ti
estopr epareadef ense.
Specif
icgr
oupsoft
hepeopl
einKeny
aandhowt
her
ight
sar
e 3.Apubl ic/camer at ri
albef oreacour t
.
appl
iedtothem. 4.Tobei nf ormedoft hechar ges.
5.Tobepr esentwhenbei ngt ried.
1. Chi
ldr
en 6.Tober epr esentedbyanadv ocateandt obei nf
ormedoft hi
sr i
ght
i
mmedi at
el y.
Theyshouldenjoyallthe 7.Tor emai nsilentandnott otest i
fyduringthepr oceedi
ngs.
-
Survi
valri
ghts, 8.Tobei nf or medi nadv ance, oft heevidencet heprosecuti
on
-
Developmental r
ight
s, intendst opr esent ,andt ohav ereasonabl eaccesst othe
-
Right
sofpr otecti
on, evi
dence.
-
Right
st opart
icipati
on. 9.Tochal lenget heev i
dence.
10.Tor efuset ogivesel f
-i
ncr imi nat
ingev idence.
2. Per
sonswi
thdi
sabi
li
ti
es. 11.Tohav et heassi stanceofani nter
preteriftheaccusedper son
cannotunder stand
Theyshoul denj oythef ol
lowingrights: thelanguageusedatt het r
ial.
-Treatedwi t
hdi gnityandr espectandbeaddr essedand 12.Tohav et ri
al beginandconcl udedint heshor t
estti
mepossi bl
e.
referr
edt onoti namannert hatisdemeani ng. 13.Ifconv icted,toappeal to,orappeal forreviewbyahi ghercourt
.
-Accesseducat ional i
nsti
tuti
onsandf aci
li
ti
esforpersonswit h
disabili
ti
esthatar eintegr
atedint othesocietytotheinter
estof 7. Det
ained,
hel
dincust
odyori
mpr
isoned.
theper son.
-Reasonabl eaccesst oallplaces,publict
ransport&information. -
Theyshoul dbesubj
ectedtohumant r
eatmentinaccordance
-Usethesi gnl anguage, Brail
leoranyot herappropri
ateform of t
othe
communi cation. I
nter
nationalHumanRightsConvent
ion.
-Accessmat erialsanddev i
cestoov ercomeconst r
aintsari
sing -
Howev er,t
heyhavethedutytoberesponsi
bleandobedientto
from theper son’ sdisabil
i
ty. t
he
r
egulati
onsofthedepart
mentofcorrecti
onalser
vices.
3. Yout
h-bet
weenage18-
35y
ear
s
Howt
heBi
llofRi
ght
spr
otect
sther
ight
sofi
ndi
vi
dual
s.
-
Accesst
orel
evanteducat
ion&t
rai
ning.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 26
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

1. I tst atest hatev eryi ndividual hasar ightt ol if

e. 1. Healthcarewhi char eofreasonabl estandar
ds.
2. I tguar anteesl i
ber tyofal lciti
zensbyf orbiddingensl avement , 2. Housingf aci
li
tywhi chisaccessibleand
det entionori mpr i
sonmentwi thouttrial. adequate.
3. I tpr otect sthei ndividual f r
om al lformsoft or
tureandi nhuman 3. Adequat efoodwhi chi sofgoodqual it
y .
treat ment . 4. Regularsupplyofwat erwhichiscleanandsaf e.
4. I tguar anteest hepr ot ect i
onofpr ivatepr oper tyandal lows 5. Appropriatesocial securit
yt opersonswhoar e
Keny anst oownpr oper t
yany wher eint hecount ry
. unabletosupportthemsel vesandt heirdependents.
5. I tpr otect sindividual s’freedom ofspeechandexpr ession. 6. Accessf ormaleducat ioninordertopr omote
6. I tpr otect sindividual s’freedom ofConsci enceandr el
igion/ l
iter
acy.
wor shi p. 7. Embr acecultur
e/ languageofone’ schoice
7. I tgiv esKeny anst her i
ghtt omov ef r
eel yt hroughoutt hecount r
y regar
dlessofhis/herbackgr ound.
andt or esidei nanypar toft hecount ry.Keny ansar epr otect
ed 8. Cleanenv i
ronment /sanit
ationwhichi sfreef
rom
from bei ngexpel l
edf r
om t hecount ry. poll
uti
on.
8. I tguar anteest hei ndi vi
dual againstanyf or m ofdi scri
mi nati
on
ont hebasi sofcol our ,cr eed,gender , reli
gi onet c. Ri
ght
sofachi
ld
9. Guar anteesf reebasi cr i
ght s-educat i
on, foodandshel ter.
10. Pr ov i
desf orthef reedom ofassembl y/associ ati
on.  Achildi
sany bodybelowtheageof18years
11. Itpr otect sindividual sf r
om ar bit
raryar rest ,searchandent ry  TheyarecontainedintheUNconvent
iononther
ight
sofa
i
nt oone’ spr oper t
ywi thouthi sconsent . chi
l
dwhichwasputf or
war din1990.
 FortheKenyanchild,t
heri
ghtsar
econtai
nedint
he
Char
act
eri
sti
csofHumanRi
ght
s Chi
ldr
en’
sActof2001.

1. Theyar euni versal–theyapplyequal

lytoallhumanbei ngs Cl assi
fi
cati
onofr i
ghtsofachil
d
2. Arei ndiv
isible-Onecannotbeappl i
edwhi l
et heotherone
doesnotexi st. i
. Sur vi
valr
ights
3. Hav elimitati
ons-Oneshoul drespecttherightsofthe
others. Thesearenecessaryforthesur
viv
aloft
hechi
l
de.
g.
4. Der ogati
on-maybesuspendedundercer t
ain
ci
rcumst ances. 1. Ri ghtt
olif
e
5. Onecanonl yenjoythem aslongashei snoti nt
erfer
ing 2. Nameandi dentit
y
withothers’rightsandf r
eedoms 3. Goodmedi calcare
6. Theyar eapr econdit
ionforpeaceandst abil
it
yandf orm a 4. Goodcl othing
basisfordev elopment 5. Goodshel ter
7. Theyar eenshr i
nedintheconstit
uti
on. 6. Goodf ood

Aspect
sofr
ight
s

1. Poli
ti
cal I
I) Dev
elopment
alr
ight
s
2. Economic
3. Soci
al Thesef
aci
l
itat
ethechi
l
d’sdev
elopmentoft
hemi
nd,
bodyandsoul
.

Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofHumanr
ight
s 1. Righttocompul soryeducati
onuptosecondar
ylevelt
oequip
hi
m /herwi t
hskill
s,habi
tandvalueswhi
charenecessaryfor
I
. Ci
vi
landpol
it
icalr
ight
s l
ife.
2. Playandl ei
suretoenablethechil
dtobephysi
call
yfi
tandhav e
 Thesearet
her i
ghtsthatpr
ov i
deasecurespacefor ahealthymi nd.
i
ndivi
dual
topursuetheirval
uesandinterest
s 3. Accesst oinformati
ontohelpthechil
dgrowintoaresponsibl
e
 Theyli
miti
nterf
erenceinper
sonal l
iv
es.E.
g.ri
ghttovot
e, person.
t
hinkandhaveaccesstoinformati
on. 4. Socialsecurit
y
5. Parentalcare,l
oveandpr ot
ecti
on
I
I. Soci
al,
Economi
candcul
tur
alr
ight
s
I
II
) Ri
ght
stopr
otect
ion
 Theyrequi
rethestat
etot akespecifi
cactiont ofaci
l
itat
e
thei
renjoyment Thesehel
ptopr
otectt
hechi
l
dagai
nstnegl
ect
,di
scr
imi
nat
ionand
 Thi
sisthroughhonestadmi nist
rat
ion,equit
able cr
uelt
ye.g.
dist
ri
butionofresourcesandappropriat
epolici
ese.g.righttoown
proper
ty,workstartandfoundafami l
y ,
andeducat i
onet c. 1. Protectionfrom exploit
ati
one.g.chi
l
dlabour
2. Disastere.g.fami ne,waretc
I
II
. Sol
idar
it
yri
ght
s 3. Sexual abuse
4. Discri
mi nat
ion
 Theseright
sf ocusonthewhol ecountry. 5. Abuse, neglectanddr ugs
 Theyrequir
et hestat
etopursuepol i
ciesthatdonot
destr
oynatur
alresourcesorwast ef
inancial
resourcese.g.r
ightt
o I
V) Ri
ght
stopar
ti
cipat
ion
cl
eanandhealthyandsust ai
nableenvi
ronment ,peaceand
devel
opment Thesepr
omotethechil
dtot
akepar
t,andbehear
dthusr
ightt
o
expr
essthemsel
ves.E.
g.
Soci
alr
ight
sofani
ndi
vi
dual
inKeny
a.
1. Associ
ati
on

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 27
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. Thoughtandopi ni
on
3. Contribut
ion 1. Theywant edt ogai naccesst oUgandat ocont rol t
hesour ceof
4. Notmakewr ongdeci
sion R.Ni l
ef ortheirinterestsi nEgy pt.
5. Theirfeel
ingsshoul
dbeallowedt
oinf
luencet
hedi
rect
ionof 2. Theycamet olookf ormar ketfort heirmanuf act uredgoods.
development. 3. Theywant edt ouseKeny aasanout l
etf orSur pluscapi tal
i
nv estment .
4. Theywant edt opr otectmi ssionariesandot herBr iti
sh
V) Ot
her
s
Nat i
onal swhower eal readyset tl
edi nKeny aandUganda.
5. Topr ev entKeny af r
om bei ngcol onizedbyot herEur opean
1. Ri
ghtt oadopti
on. power s.
2. Specialpr
otecti
onandassistance. 6. I mper iali
sm /expansi onistpol i
cy/Forpr estige/nat i
onal pride
3. Practi
setheirr
eli
gionsandbeliefs. ast hi
swoul daddt oheradv antageasagr eatnat ion/Nat ional
4. Protect
ionandassi st
ancet
or efugees. pri
de, ast heyf el
tthatpowerr estedi nt henumberofcol onies.
7. Publ i
copi nionwhi chf av ouredt heacqui si
tionofcol oniesby
gov ernment s.
8. Theycamet ostopsl av etradeandest ablishl egitimatet rade.
9. Theycamet ocont r
ol thef erti
leHi ghlandsf ort heiragricultural
benef i
t.
TheKenyaNat
ionalHumanRi
ght
sandEqual
it
yCommi
ssi
on 10. Theycamet oestablishst rategicst ationsal ongt hecoastt o
(KNHREC) safeguar dt heiri
nt erestsinI ndia.
11. Theywant edt ospr eadherci vi
li
zat i
on.
Obj
ect
ives. 12. Theycamet osecureset tl
ementf ort heirsur pluspopul ati
on.
13. TheysawKeny aasasour ceofRawMat er i
als.
1. Topr ot ectt hesov ereignt yoft hepeopl e.
2. Toensur esecur eobser vancebyal l stateor gansofdemocr ati
c Fi
ghtingt actics
valuesandpr i
nci ples.
3. Topr omot econst itutional ism. 1. Scor chedear thpol icy
2. Hor nofacow
I
tsfunct ions. 3. Tor toi
seshel l
4. Guer il
la
1. I tpr omot esr espectf orhumanr ightsanddev el
opsacul tureof
humanr ight si nt heRepubl ic.
2. I tpr omot esgenderequal ityandequi tygener all
yand
coor di nat esandf acilitatesgendermai nstreamingi n Categoriesoft het reatiessi gned
dev elopment .
3. I tpr omot est hepr ot ect i
onandobser vanceofhumanr ightsin 1.EuropeansVs.Af ri
cans.
publ icandpr ivatei nst itutions. 2.Betweenv ariousEur opeanpower s.
4. I tmoni t
or s, invest igat esandr epor tsont heobser v anceof
humanr ight si nal l spher esofl if
ei nt heRepubl ic, including Course
obser vancebynat i
onal secur i
tyor gans.
5. I trecei v esandi nv est igat escompl ai ntsaboutal legedabusesof  I twasmai nlybet weent heBr i
ti
sh&Ger mans
humanr ight sandt akest epst osecur eappr opriater edr ess  TheGer manl eader( Karl Pet er
s)si gnedt r
eati
eswi tht heEast
wher enecessar y . Africanl eader st oadmi nistercer tainar easint heregion.
6. I tinv est i
gat esorr esear chesamat teri nr espectofhuman  Mi sunder standi ngt hem ar ose,whi chr esultedintothe
rights, andmaker ecommendat i
onst oi mpr ovet hef unct ionsof format i
onofacommi ssi ont oset tl
et heboundar ydispute.
thest ateor gans.
7. I tact sast hepr inci pleor ganoft hest ateinensur ing Anglo-Ger managr eement( 1886)
compl iancewi thobl igationsundert r eatiesandconv ent i
ons
relatingt ohumanr i
ght s. Terms
8. I tinv est i
gat esanyconducti nst ateaf fai
rs, oranyactor
omi ssi oni npubl icadmi ni strat
ioni nanyspher eofgov ernment, 1. Sul t
angot16km ( 10mi les)coast alstri
pandt heIslandsof
whi chi sal legedorsuspect edt obei mpr oper. Zanzi bar,Pemba, Maf ia, Lamu, Ki smay u, Brava,&andt ownsof
9. I tinv est i
gat escompl aintsofabuseofpower ,unf airtreat ment, Mer caandMogadi shu.
mani festi nj usticeorunl awf ul,oppr essi ve,unfairor 2. Coast li
neofWi tu&t hear eabet weenR.Umba&R.Ruv uma
unr esponsi veof f i
ci al conduct . woul dbeGer man.
10. Itgiv esar epor tont her esul tsofi nv est i
gationsi nt heconduct 3. Br itaintookt hear eabet weenR- Umba&R.Jubat ot heNor t
h.
ofst at eaf fairs. 4. TheWest ernboundar ywasnotdef inedhenceUgandawasl ef
t
forwhi chev erpowergott herefirst.

 Thetreatyfai
ledtoaddresst hei
ssueful
l
y,andhenceanother
tr
eatywassi gned.
nd
 Themai nreasonforthe2 onewast heconti
nuedconfl
icts
betweentheBr i
ti
sh&Ger mansov erUganda/West
ernregion.
ESTABLI
SHMENTOFCOLONI
ALRULEI
NKENYA
Angl
o-Ger
man(
Hel
igol
and)t
reat
y-1890
Scr
ambl
eandPar
ti
ti
onofEastAf
ri
ca
Ter
ms
WhytheBri
ti
shwer
eint
erest
edi
nKeny
ai he2ndhal
nt he19th
foft
Cent
ury. 1. Ger
manyr
ecogni
zedUgandaasaBr
it
ishSpher
eofi
nfl
uence.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 28
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. Germanyabandonedhercl aim ofWit
u,andBr i
taingaveher
Heli
goland(smal
lIslandinNorthSea). Whyt
heBr
it
ishusedcompanyr
ulei
nKeny
a.
3. Germanygotast r
ipoflandonLakeTangany i
kaandpur chased
theCoastofTangany i
kafrom theSul
tan. 1. Thecompanywasf amiliarwi
ththearea.
4. TheSultanofZanzibarret
ainedthe16km Coast alst
ri
p. 2. TheBri
ti
shlackedacl earpoli
cyont headmini
str
ati
onof
5. Germanygotaccesst otheportofZanzibar. col
oni
alpossessi
ons.
6. Zanzi
barandPembacameundert heBriti
sh. 3. Theyl
ackedenoughper sonnel.
7. Westernboundari
esofbot hUgandaandTangany ikawere 4. Theyl
ackedsuffi
cientfunds/inadequat
efunds.
defi
ned.
Whyt
heBr
it
ishusedi
ndi
rectr
ulei
nKeny
a.

Br
it
ishoccupat
ionofKeny
a 1. Theyhadinadequat
eper sonnel tobest ati
onedi
nallpar
tsof
thecount
ryforadminist
rati
on.
Met
hodsused 2. Short
ageoffundsforadmi nistr
ativecosts.
3. Theywerenotconversantwit hther egi
on.
1. Useofmi li
taryattacksagainsttheunfri
endlycommuni t
ies/ 4. Theywantedtospendmi ni
mal l
yf ormaximum prof
it
.
useofexpedi ti
ons/f orce. 5. Theywantedtoavoiddirectconf r
ont at
ionwitht
heAfri
cans.
2. Signingoft reati
esbet weenthecolonialagentsandtheAfri
can
l
eader s/agr eement s/col l
aborat
ions/diplomacy. Howi
twasdonei
nKeny
a
3. Est abl
ishedadmi nistr
ativepostsoroperati
onalbasesinthe
i
nt eri
orfrom wher etheyoper at
ed. 1. Amongt heWanga, Mumi awasmadepar amount, andhis
4. Useofmi ssionari
est opacifyAfri
cansthroughpreachi
ng. appoi
nteeswer ealsor epl
acedgr aduall
y.
2. Amongt heAkamba, theyappointedcertainchief
sf r
om
Theyuseddi
rectr
ulei
nKeny
afort
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons: prominentf
ami l
iese.g.ChiefKivoi,andalsousedt hecounci
lof
el
ders(Nzama)whi chalsofai
led.
1. Mostcommuni t
iesi nKeny adidnothav ecentrali
zedsy stems 3. Amongot herindiv
iduals,t
heBr i
ti
shal sofoundpr omi nent
ofadministrati
on, t
hust heBr it
ishappointedchi efs. i
ndivi
dualse.g.KaruriwaGakur eofNor t
hAgi kuyu.
2. Thereweremanyet hnicgr oupswi t
hdi ver
sesoci o-cultur
al
syst
emswhi chmadei tdi f
ficul
tfort heBri
tishtoappl yindir
ect Pr
obl
emsi
tencount
ered
rul
e.
3. Mostcommuni t
iesr esistedt heBr i
tishrul
eandsot heyhadt o 1. Short
ageoff undst of i
nance/capi taltoruni t
sdayt oday
becontroll
eddi rectl
y . act
ivi
ties.
4. Therewasanexi st
ingsy stem ofdirectrul
eusedbyt he 2. Poortranspor tfaci l
it
iesinfrastructure,whichhamper edtrade
Imperi
alBr i
ti
shEastAf r i
caCompanyonwhi chtheBr it
ishbuil
t betweent heint eriorandt hecoast .
thei
radmi ni
st r
ation. Nonav i
gabler i
v ers.
5. TheBrit
ishhadenoughadmi ni
strators. 3. Co-ordinati
onbet weencol onialoff
icei nLondon&t heoffi
ces
6. TheBrit
ishal sohadenoughf undst opayf orthedi r
ect onthespotwaspoor .
admini
strati
oncost s. 4. Thecompanyl ackedexper iencedandt rai
nedadmi ni
str
ators.
5. Therewasmi smanagementoff undsbyt hecompanyof f
ici
als/
CompanyRul
e corr
upt i
on.
6. Conti
nuousr esist ance/rebel li
onbysomeAf r
icans
 TheBri
ti
shusedtheI
mper
ial
Bri
ti
shEastAf
ri
caCompany communi ti
es
(I
BEAC)tor
ule. 7. Compet i
ti
on/r iv alr
yfrom t heGer manEastAf ricaCompany .
8. Hotanddr ytropi calcli
mat ewi thtr
opi caldiseasese.g.malari
a.
I
tsr
oles 9. Thear eawast oov astforthef ewof fici
alstomanage.

1. Itwast oest abli

shadmi nistrat
ionposts/mai ntai
nedl awand  I n1895, Kenyawast hendeclaredBr it
ishProtect
orateaf
terthe
order/Lev yingandcol l
ectingtaxes companyr ul
efai l
ed.
2. Itwast oconductandor ganizelegit
imatetradewi t
hl ocal
communi ti
es. ResponsebyKeny ans
3. Itdi
scouragedsl avetrade.
4. Itwast osuppr essAf ri
canr esist
anceagainstt heBr i
ti
sh.  Theyaccept edt hem atf
ir
st,butlat
ersomeoft hem star
ted
5. Itwast opromot espreadofWest er
nciv
ili
zation/Secur ed resi
stingthem.
Brit
ishspher eofi nfl
uence.  Ther esi
stanceswer eintwoway s:
-acti
v eandpassiv
e.
6. Ital
sopr ovidedi nfor
mat ionaboutt heE.Africaninteri
or.  Ot herscollaborated
7. Itbuil
ttheKeny a-Ugandar ail
way .  Resi ster
sincludedNandi ,Bukusu,Agiriama&Somal i
.
8. Itpi
oneer edt heconstruct i
onofr oads/impr ovedinfrastr
uct
ure.  Col l
abor at
orsincludedMaasai ,Wanga.
 Ot
her
sposedmixedreact
ions,
thussomesect
ionsr
esi
stedas
I
tsachi
evement ot
her
scol
labor
atede.
g.Akamba,Agikuy
uandLuo.
1. I
tquel l
edlocalaggression. WhytheKenyanCommuni
ti
esr
esi
stedt
heest
abl
ishmentof
2. I
tlaidbasisoflocaladmi nistr
ati
onbyest abli
shi
ngf or
tse.
g. col
oni
alr
ule.
FortSmi t
h
3. I
tdev el
opedr ubberindustryintheinter
ior 1. Somecommuni tieshadestabl
ishedstrongsocio-poli
ti
cal
4. I
tpioneeredthebui l
dingofr oadstofacili
t at
etransport
. systemswhi chtheywerenotwi l
li
ngtoal l
owf or
eignersto
5. I
tsecur edfr
eedom ofsev eralsl
aves/Di scouragedslave destroy.
tr
adingandencour agedl egiti
matetrade. 2. Thosecommuni ti
eswhichweremi li
tar
ilysuperi
ortotheir
6. I
tbuilttheKeny a-
Ugandar ai
lway. neighboursbeli
evedthatnootherrace/communi tycould

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 29
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
defeatthem andt husr esist ed. 3. Str
ongeconomi cbase-mi xedfarmers-fer
ti
lesoil
andrel
iable
3. Somecommuni t
ies’ soci o- economi candpol it
ical setupswer e rai
nfal
l.
str
ongenought osust ainr esi stance. 4. Raidi
ngearnedthem wealthinform offoodstuf
fsandli
vestock.
4. Want edtopr otectt heiri ndependenceagai nstf oreigninvader s. 5. Contactwit
htheothercommuni ti
esexposedt hem t
onew
5. Someoft hecommuni tieswer eencour agedbyt heirreli
gious i
deas,cropsandtoolsforagricul
ture.
l
eader storesist.Suchl eader spr omisedtheirpeopl ethatthey 6. Theyhadableleader
se. g.Koital
elArapSamoei whoprovided
woul dreceiv
esuper natur al protectionagainstf i
rear ms. theri
ghtdir
ecti
on.
6. Mostcommuni ti
esunderest imat edthemi li
taryst rengthoft he
Bri
tish. Reasonsf
ort
hei
rresi
stance
7. Theywer eagainstt hel andal i
enat i
onoft heirl
and.
8. Theywer eopposedt ot hepay mentoft axes/Ki pandesy stem / 1. Phy si
calappear anceoft hewhi tes.Thepi nkski ncompl exion
Lackofpol it
icalrepr esent ation. andwayofdr essingwasst r
angeandt heNandi fel
ttheywer e
9. Theywer eopposedt ogov er nmentpol i
cyofdest ocking. dev i
lswhoneededi mmedi ateexpulsion.
10. Theywer eopposedt of orcedl abouronEur opeanf arms. 2. Landal i
enationbyt heBr iti
sh/Want edt opr otecttheirl
and
11. Racialdiscri
minat ionbyt heBr i
tish. weal t
hwhi cht heyhadacqui r
edt hr
oughr aiding.
3. Theydi dnotwantst r
anger stopasst hrought heirt
erri
tory,
Whyt
heywer
edef
eat
ed. foll
owingKi mny ole’spr ophesy .
4. Nandi uni
tyunderKoi talel astheyhadwonmanybat t
lesunder
1. Lackeduni ty,hencewer edefeat
edeasi ly. hisleadership.
2. Theyhadi nfer
iorweapons. 5. Needt osaf eguar dt heiri ndependence.
3. Theyhadl i
ttl
eknowl edgeaboutt heBr iti
shf i
ghtingtacti
cs. 6. Theyhadsuccessf ullyrai ded/f oughtthei rnei ghbours/
4. Theyhadbeenweakenedbycat astropheslikef amine. i
ntrudersint hepast .
5. Theirleaderslackedadequat eorganizati
onal skill
sof 7. Nandi pri
de, ast heywer eexper ienci
ngnot ablesuccessov er
mobi l
i
zingt hepeopl e. theirnei
ghbour s.
6. TheBr it
ishusedt reacher ywhendeal i
ngwi thsome Thismadet hem det er mi nedt osafeguar dt heircommuni tyat
communi ti
es/col l
abor ati
onbysome. allcosts/Theyhat edf oreigners.
7. Theywer edemor ali
zedwhenmanysol di
erswer ecaptur
edand
kil
l
ed. Reasonsf
ort
heNandil
ongr
esi
stance
8. TheBr it
ishusedr uthlessmet hodstosuppr esst heresi
stance,
l
ikeScor chedear thpolicy. 1. Theuseofguer ri
llawar faremadei tdi f
fi
cultfort heBr it
ishto
9. TheKeny a-Ugandar ai
lwayf aci
li
tat
edf astmov ementofBr it
ish defeattheNandi warri
or swithease.
tr
oops. 2. Thepr evalenceoft r
opi caldiseasesr educedt heef fi
ciencyof
theBr i
ti
shar my .
Fact
orst
hatf
aci
li
tat
edt
heest
abl
ishmentofcol
oni
alr
ulei
nKeny
a. 3. Thef orestedandhi l
lyter r
ainwhi chmadei tdi ffi
cultforthe
soldi
erst omov eswi ft
ly .
9. SomeAf ri
canl eader scol laboratedwi ththe 4. TheNandi mixedeconomyensur edt heirgoodandr eli
abl e
Bri
tishegt heMumi aoft heWanga. foodsuppl yfort hesol diers/war ri
or s.
10. SomeAf ri
canl eader swer eignorantoft het rue 5. Theyhadwel l-t
rained, experiencedanddi sciplinedar mywhi ch
i
mpl icationoft hepr otect oratet reati
eswhi cht heysi gned enabledt hem tof acet heBr i
t i
shwi thconf i
dence.
wit
ht heBr i
tish. 6. Theyhadsomeknowl edgeofweaponmanuf actur erbyt he
11. TheBr itishhadsuper iormi lit
aryweapons i
ronwor kers.
compar edt oAf ricancommuni ties. 7. Theirunitythrough‘ Orkoi yot’gavethem cour aget of i
ght .
12. Eur opeanmi ssionar i
eswhower ealready 8. Theyhadasy stemat icspynet work,thuscoul dobt ainneeded
operat i
nginKeny aper suadedsomeAf ri
canleader st o i
nformat ionfort hestruggl e.
acceptEur opeanr ule.Theyal soper suadedt heirhome 9. Theyhadabl eleader swhopr ovi
dedt heri
ghtadv ice.
gover nment st ocomeandpr otectt hem.
13. Ther ewasdi suni tyamongt heAf r
icans. Reasonsf
ort
hei
rdef
eat
14. SomeAf ri
cancommuni ti
eshadbeenweakened
byci vil
war s, diseasesandsl av et r
ade. 1. TheBr i
ti
shgotr ei
nf orcement si n1905f r
om Indians,Swahi
li
15. TheEur opeanshadwor kedoutt heirstrategies andSomal if
ighters, andal sotheMaasai .
ofoccupat i
ondur i
ngt heBer linconf erence.Theyal so 2. Thesuper i
orityoftheBr it
ishweaponsandt act
ics.
agreedt oco- oper atetodeal wi thAf ri
cans. 3. Thescor chedear thpol icybyt heBr i
ti
shcausedst arvat
ionand
16. Thedi scov er yofqui niner educedt heEur opean famineamongt heNandi
mor tali
ty.Thi smadei tpossi bl ef orthem t ostayinKeny a 4. NaturalcalamitieslikeSmal lpoxleftthem weak.
andi mposet heirrule. 5. Lackofsuppor tfr
om t hei
rnei ghbori
ngcommuni ti
es.
17. Eur opeant rader sper suadedt hei
rgov ernment s 6. TheBr i
ti
shusedTr eacher ousmet hodse. g.1905,they
toacqui reter ri
torieswhi cht heyconsi deredast heir arr
angedf orameet i
ngwi thKimny ol
ei nwhichtheymur der
ed
commer ci
al spher es. him.

NandiResi
stance Resul
ts

1895-
1906 1. Thelandthatbelongedt oNandi wasalienat edfortheWhi t
e
sett
lementastheNandi werepushedt or eserveswher ethey
Fact
orsf
ort
hei
rri
se coul
dnotcar r
youtt heirfar
mingactivi
ties.
2. TheNandi l
osttheirindependenceast heBr iti
shestabli
shed
1. Adoptionoft
heinsti
tut
ionoftheOr
koiy
ot-Bar
sabot
wo,thus thei
rrul
e.
uni
ty. 3. TheNandi wereforcedt oli
veassquat tersonEur opeanf ar
ms
2. Mili
taryor
gani
zati
on-Theage-
setsy
stem ensur
edcont
inuous wheretheyprovi
dedcheapl abour.
supplyofsol
dier
s&ast andi
ngarmy. 4. Therewasmassi velossofl i
vesast heBr it
ishforcesraided/

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 30
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
carriedoutpuni t
iveexpedi tions.
5. TheNandi lostproper t
ywhi chwasei t
herdestroyedor Ef
fect
s
conf i
scatedbyt heBr it
ish,especi all
yliv
estockandhence
fami nebrokeinNandi land. 1. Landal
ienat
ionastheBukusuwer epushedouttoreser
ves.
6. TheNandi losttheirmilit
ar ysuper i
orit
yinther egionasthey 2. Ther
ewasgr eatl
ossoflives.
wer esubduedbyt heBr it
ish. 3. TheBukusulostt
heirsheepandcatt
le.
7. TheNandi war r
iorswer econscr i
ptedint ocolonialsecur
it
y 4. TheBukusuwomen&chi l
drenweretakenpr
isoner
s.
forces. 5. TheBukusulostt
heiri
ndependence.
8. Ther ewasanout breakofdi seasesi nNandiland, egsmall
pox.
9. Ther ewassecur i
tyalongt her ail
wayast heNandi weremov ed Somal
iresi
stance
to
areasfarfrom it/manyBr i
ti
shf or
tswer ebui l
tinNandiland. Theywer
eledbyAhmedBi
nMur
gan.
10. TheBr it
ishconf i
scat edli
v estockbel ongingtot heNandiand
gav e Causes
totheirenemiesl iketheMaasai .
1. Theydi dnotwantt obedomi nat edbyt heChr i
sti
anBr iti
sh.
Agi
ri
ama 2. TheBr it
ishinterferedwi ththeirpast urel andandwat ering
point s.
Theywer eledbyMekat il
il
iwaMenza&Wanj ewaMador ika. 3. TheBr it
ishwer eagai nsttheSomal iraidingactivit
iesagai nst
theirnei ghbour s.
Causes 4. TheBr it
ishinterferedwi ththeirnomadi cli
festyle.
5. Theyhaddi v i
dedt hem i ntoItali
anandBr iti
shSomal i/Spher es
1. TheBr i
ti
shdi dnotr espectt hei rcultureespeci allyt
hepol i
ceat ofinf luence( Dar od&Hawi ye)in1890.
Kitengeni whor apedt heAgi riamawomen. 6. Puni tiveexpedi t i
onssentbyt heBr it
isht oSomal il
andwer e
2. TheBr i
ti
shdi sr uptedt r
adei nI vorybyt akingov erasmi ddlemen. rej
ect edbyt heSomal i
.
3. Theywer eopposedt oforcedt axat ion.
4. TheAgi r
iam wer eopposedt of orcedl abour .  Atf irst ,theBr i
tishwer ehesi tanti nat t
ackingandf i
ghtingt he
5. Theydi sli
kedt heBr it
ishappoi ntedheadmenwhocol l
ected Somal i.
taxesandr ecrui tedlabour .
6. Theywer efor cedt opr ovideabl ebodi edment oj oi
nt heking’s Why
Africanrifl
eswhower et otakepar ti ntheWor l
dWarI .
1. Itwasdemandi ngint ermsofweaponsandmi li
taryper sonnel.
Conditi
onsunderwhi cht hewarended. 2. Itwast i
meconsumi ngast heSomal iwer enomadi c.
3. Ther ewasnoj ustif
icat i
onsi ncet heywoul donlygainasmal l
1. Agi riamawer et oofferlabour ersf orEur opeanset t
lersand terr
itor y.
publ i
cwor ks. 4. Ther ewasnoeconomi cv i
abilit
yast her egion/landwas
2. Abl e-bodiedmenwer etoser vei nt heki ng’sAfricanRi f
les. i
nfer til
e.
3. TheBr i
ti
shwoul doccupyal lthel andt ot heNor thofR.Sabaki .
Ef
fects
RolesofMekat il
ili
waMenza
1. Lossofhumanl i
ves.
1. Encour agedt heAgi ri
amat of i
ghtt heBr it
ishbyadmi nisteri
ng 2. Thei rcat tl
ewer econf i
scat ed.
oathsf oruni t
y( MkusheMkushe) . 3. Br it
ishdi vi
dedt hem i ntoDar odandHawi y
ei n1890.
2. Shepr esent edt hegr ievancesofAgi r
iamat oBr iti
sh. 4. Decl ar ati
onofpr otect oratest atusast heSomal i l
osttheir
3. Sher all
iedt heAgi r
iamat oget heragai nstacommonenemy . i
ndependence.
4. Herl eadershiphi ghli
ghtedt her oleofwomeni nt hestruggl ef
or
independence. COLLABORATI ONS

Ef
fect
s Maasai

1. Mekatil
ili
&Wanj ewer edepor
tedtoKisi
i. Reasons
2. ClosureofAgi r
iamashr i
neatKay aFungoandopeningofanew
oneatMangea. 1. Theyhadbeenweakenedbynumer ousani mal andhuman
3. Agiri
amal osttheiri
ndependence. di
seasese.g.pneumoni a, chol er a,smal lpoxandRi nderpest.
4. Manyl i
veswer elost. 2. Natural
calami ti
ese.g.dr oughtandl ocustinvasi onwhi ch
5. Propertywasdest royed. destr
oyedthegr assl eavingbehi ndahugeofl ossofl i
vestock.
6. Agiri
amawer edisall
owedt obrewthei
rtr
adit
ional
li
quor. 3. Severefaminecausedbynat ur al calamitiese.
g.dr ought
l
eadingtodeat hs.
Bukusuresist
ance. 4. RiseofNandi asast rongpowerwasat hreatast heyraidedthe
Maasai.
Causes 5. Civi
lwarsbyt hePur ko&Kwav i bet ween1850- 1870had
weakenedt heMaasai .
1. Theywer ebei
ngpushedbyt heBr i
tisht
orecogni
zeNabongo 6. Lenanaexpect edmi l
itarysuppor tagai nsthisbr otherSendey o
Mumi a(ofWanga)ast heoverall
leaderofAbal
uhya. oftheLoit
aMaasai .
2. Tosaf eguardthei
rindependence. 7. Lenananeededf oodf orhisst ar v i
ngMaasai
3. I n1894,theBri
ti
shdemandedt heBukusuwarri
orstosur
render 8. Hewasscar edoft heBr it
ishf ollowi ngt heKedongMassacr e,i
n
all
thei
rguns. whichScottishtrader-DickAndr ewandt woFrencht raveler
s
4. Hat edSwahili
whom Br it
ishemployedinthei
rfor
ces. gunneddownabout100Maasai war ri
ors.
9. Hewant edtoconsol idatehi spowerandhi skingdom’ s.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 31
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
10. Maasaiwantedhel
ptogetthei
rwomenandchildr
enbackf
rom admi nist r
ati
onandwer edeployedaschi ef
st oot herareasof
theAgi
kuyu.Theyhadbeenlef
tincust
odyoft
heAgikuy
u West er nKeny a.
duri
ng1891famine. 3. Mumi as/El ur ekobecamet hecent r
eofCol onialadministr
ation
i
nWest ernKeny a.
o I nreturn, t
heMaasai wer er ewar dedt heconf i
scat edli
vest
ock. 4. Mumi aenj oyedt radingact i
v i
ti
eswi t
hBr iti
sh, withMumi as
o Fol lowingt heKedongMassacr e, theMaasai hadt oseek bei ngamaj ort erminusf ortradecaravanst oUganda.
peace. 5. I ntensi fiedhost il
itybetweenWangaandot herAbal uhy
ia
o Maasai agreement sof1904and1911seal edthegoodAngl o- communi ti
es.
Maasai rel
ation 6. TheBr i
tishassi stedhi mt oexpandhi ster r
itoryt oSamia,
o The1904agr eementcr eat
edMaasai reservesofLai ki
pia Buny alaandBusoga.
plateauandNgong. 7. TheWangaacqui redmat erialbenefit
slikecl othesandf ir
earms
o 1911t reatypushedt heMaasai from Lai ki
piatot heSouth. from t heBr i
tish.
8. TheWangal ostt hei
rindependence.
9. Manypeopl ef rom thecommuni tywereconv ertedto
Benefi
ts. Chr istianity.
10. Hewasassi st edbyt heBr it
isht osubduehi senemi esli
ket he
1. Br i
tishsuppor tedLenanaagai nstSendey oi
n1894successi on LuoofUgeny aandot herAbal uhyaclans.
di
sput es. 11. HisKi ngdom wasusedasabaset ocoloni zecommuni ti
esi n
2. Maasai wer epr ot
ectedagai nstrai dsbyt heirneighbours. West er nKeny a.
3. Lenanawasmadet hepar amountchi ef
. 12. Hepr ov idedt hecol onialadmi nist
rati
onwi thv it
al i
nfor
mat i
on
4. Maasai wer er ewar dedwi t
ht hecat tl
eacqui r
edf rom ov erappoi ntmentofchi efsandheadmen.
uncooper ativepeopl ee.g.Nandi andAgi kuyu.
5. TheMaasai wer eempl oyedasmer cenariesbytheBr iti
sh. Benefit
st ot heKi ngdom.

Resul
tsoft
hecol
labor
ati
on 1. Mumi awasmadet heparamountChiefoftheregion.
2. Thekingdom wasst rengt
henedusi
ngt heBri
ti
shmi li
tar
y
1. Lenanawasr ecogni zedast hepar amountchi efoft heMaasai support
.
1901. 3. Wangar ulers/pr
inceswereusedtoadmi ni
sterthesurr
oundi
ng
2. TheMaasai nomadi cgr azinghabi t
swer ecurtail
ed. communi ties.
3. TheMaasai lostt hei
rindependence. 4. Wangaki ngdom wasexpanded.
4. Thei rlandwasal ienatedast heywer edi spl
aced.
5. Separ ationbet weent heLoi t
a&Ngongoft hePur koMaasai Simil
ari
tiesbet
weent
her
esul
tsoft
heMaasaiandWanga
separatedr elatedcl ans. coll
aborati
ons.
6. Maasai economywasdi srupt edast heirli
vestockwasr educed.
7. Theywer er ewar dedwi thmat eri
alsthingse.g.gr ainsandcat t
le 1. TheBri
ti
shrecogni
zedthei
rleaders.
confli
ctedf r om t heot hercommuni ti
es. 2. Bot
hcommuni ti
eslostt
hei
rindependence.
8. SomeMaasai wer eusedasmer cenariesagai nstot herresi
sti
ng 3. Thepeopl
einbothcommuni tieswereusedasmer
cenar
ies.
communi ties. 4. Bot
hcommuni ti
esgotmaterialgai
ns/r
ewards.
9. Thei rcust om ofcr oss-breedingl i
vestockwi ththeSambur u
wasst opped, whi chweakenedt heirstock. MI
XEDREACTI
ONS
10. TheMaasai freedom t oconductt heirritual
sliket heinit
iati
on
wasr estri
ct edt oonl ya5- square-mi l
er eserv
e. Akamba

WangaCol
labor
ati
on Reasonsf
orr
esi
sti
ng

Reasonsf
ort
hei
rcol
labor
ati
on 1. Theydi dnotwantt ol oset heirindependence
2. TheBr itishcutdownI themboTr ee( shrine)foraf lagpoleat
1. Mumi awant edt oacqui r
emoder nweaponsf r
om theBr i
tish Mut it
uni in1891.
whichhewoul duset ofi
ghtagainsthi st r
aditi
onalenemi ese.g. 3. Companyagent sdisr uptedt heirlongdi stancet r
ade.
BukusuandLuo. 4. Abuseoft hei
rcul t
ur ebyt heBr i
tishwhor apedt heirwomenand
2. Hewant edtheBr i
ti
sht osuppor thimt oexpandhi sterri
tory. l
oot edt heirproperty .
3. Hewant edtogai npr estigeforassoci ati
ngwi ththeBr i
ti
sh. 5. TheBr itishdisruptedt heirpeacebycont i
nuouslysendi ng
4. Hewant edtogetpr otectionagainsthi stradi
tionalenemi esli
ke expeditionswhocauseddeat hsanddest ructi
onofpr opert
y.
theLuoofUgeny aandt heNandi . 6. TheBr itishtriedtost opt hem f rom r aidi
ngt heirnei ghborse.g.
5. Hewant edtoconsol idat
ehi spoweri nt hewhol eofWest er
n Agikuyu.
Keny a. 7. Theywer eforcedt opr ov idel abourf orpubl icwor ks.
6. Hewasi nfl
uencedbyhi sneighbour sliketheBaganda.
7. Hewant edtobenef itbyt r
adingwitht heBr i
ti
sh. Resi
sters–I veti,
Kangundo/underMwat uwaNgomaandMwana
8. Hehadat radi t
ionofwel comingstranger sashehadwor ked Muka.
withlongdi stancet raders.
9. Her eali
zedt hef uti
lit
yinr esi
sti
ngt heBr it
ishaf t
erseeinghow Reasonsf ort heircollabor ati
on
theyhadcr ushedt heBukusu.
10. Hewasi nterestedi nEuropean/Br it
ishciv i
li
zati
onespeci all
y- 1. Theyhadbeendef eat edonv ariousoccasi onsandhence, f
elt
educat i
onandr eli
gion. demor al i
sed/Rut hlessnessoft heBr iti
sh.
2. 1899f ami nehadweakenedsomesect i
onsmaki ngt hem
Eff
ectsoft hecol l
abor ation. unablet ost ageameani ngf ul r
esi st
ance.
3. Themi ssionar i
eshadpaci f
iedsomesect ionsoft heAkamba.
1. Mumi awasmadet hepar amountchi efoft heWanga- 1909
2. Someofhi sr el
at i
veswer eusedasagent soft heBr i
ti
sh Reasonsf ort heirdefeat

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 32
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

1. Emer genceofsel f
-ser vi
ngoppor tunist swhower ei nterestedin 1. TheLuoneededt opr otectt heirland.
enri
chi ngthemsel vesbyal lyingwi t
ht heBr i
tish 2. TheLuof earedl osi ngt heirf r
eedom.
2. Theywer ehi ghlysegment ed, hencel ackedpr operco- ordinati
on. 3. TheBr iti
shhadt hehabi tofat tackingt hem forgrainsand
3. Fami neof1899weakenedt hem, hencenotabl etof i
ghtagai nst l
ivestock.
suchst rongpowerl ikeBr it
ish. 4. Puni tiveexpeditionssentbyt heBr it
ishandMumi a.
4. Mi ssionar i
eshadpaci f
iedsomeoft hei rsect ionsby
under miningt heirtraditionsandbel iefs. Reasonsf ortheirCol labor at i
on
5. Di sruptionofAkambat radeandr ai
di ngact iviti
esbyt heBr i
ti
sh
cutof ftheirsour ceofl iv elihood, thusweakeni ngt hem. 1. Ther ewassomei nfluencef rom t henei ghbors-Wangafor
benef i
tsli
keeducat ion
Ef
fectsoft heirreact i
ons 2. Ther ewasneedf orassi stanceagai nstnei ghboursli
keLuoof
Seme, Uyoma, Sakwaet c.
1. TheAkambal ostthei rindependence. 3. Theyr eali
zedt hef util
ityofr esistingt heBriti
sh-fr
om the
2. Thel andoft heAkambawasal ienatedbyt heBr i
tish. exper i
encewi tht henei ghbor s.
3. Lossofmanyhumanl i
v esdur ingt her esi stance.
4. Val uabl eproper tywasdest roy edandl oot ed. Eff
ectsoft heirreaction
5. I nt
erferencewi thAkambacul t
ur east heBr iti
shbr oughti n
Christi
anity. 1. Lossofi ndependencebyt heLuo.
6. I nt
roduct i
onoft axat ionont heAkambawhi chaf fectedt heir 2. Lossofpr opertyt hroughl oot i
ngandbur ni
ng.
economy . 3. Lossofl iveswhi let ryingt or esist.
7. Ther ewasr ecruitmentofAkambai ntoki ng’sAf r
icanr ifl
es. 4. Hat redbet weencol labor atorsandr esister
s.
8. Ther ewasnomor ef reef oodf ortheBr i
tishof f
icialswhi leon 5. Leader sgainedWest erneducat ionandr el
igion.
tourofKambal and. 6. Af ri
canl eadershi pwasunder minedasi twasr eplacedwit
h
Bri
tishadmi nistrat i
on
Agi
kuy u 7. Luol andwasal i
enat edbyt heBr it
ish.

Col
labor
ator
s-Ki
nyanj
uiwaGat
hir
imu,
Wang’
ombewaI
hur
a,and COLONI
ALSYSTEMSOFADMI
NISTRATI
ONI
NKENYA
Kar
uriwaGakure.
Cent
ralandl
ocalgov
ernment
.
Reasonsf
orcol
labor
ati
ng
Hi
erar
chy
1. Forpersonalwealt
h
2. Safeguardthei
rpositi
on 1. Col
oni
alSecr
etar
y
3. Protect
ionfrom t
heirl
ocal
enemi
es.
 BasedinLondon.
Resi
stor
s-Wai
yakiwaHi
nga  Poli
ti
calheadofBri
ti
shadmi
nist
rati
on.
 Overal
lcoordi
nat
orofcol
oni
alpol
ici
es.
Reasonsf
orr
esi
stance
2. Gov
ernor
1. TheAgikuyufearedlossofindependence.
2. TheAgikuyualsofearedlossoftheirposit
ions.  HerepresentedBrit
ishgov ernmentinthecolony
.
3. Theyweref or
cedsuppl yofgr
ainstot r
aders.  Heassentedl awbeforeimpl ementati
on.
4. I
nterf
erencewiththeircul
tur
ebyt heBr i
ti
sh.  Hewast heov eral
li
nchar geofthecol ony/Headofexecut
ive
5. I
BEACr aidedAgikuyuforcatt
leandgr ai
ns counci
l
.
6. Massivelandali
enati
onbyt heBrit
ish
 Hesupervisedthepr ov
incialadminist
rati
on.
7. Harassmentandr ut
hlessnessoftheBr i
ti
sh.
 Heappointedadmi nist
rators.
Resul
tsoft
hemi
xedr
eact
ion

1. Animosi tybetweencol labor at i

ngsect ionsandt heresist
ing
3. Pr
ovi
nci
alCommi
ssi
oner
s
ones.
2. Landal ienati
onbyt heBr it
ish.
3. Somel eader swhocol l
abor at edr osetopr ominence.  Herepr
esentedgovernorintheprovi
nce.
4. TheyAgi kuyureceivedWest er neducat ionandconv ertedto  Heimplementedgovernmentpolici
esint
heprov
ince.
Christi
ani t
y  Hesupervi
sedworkofDi str
ictCommissi
oner
s,Distr
ict
5. Lossofl i
vesast heyt r
iedtor esist. Of
fi
cers.
6. Tri
gger edt heemer genceofhomeguar ds.
7. Lossofi ndependenceast heywer eruledbyt heBri
tish. 4. Di
str
ictCommi
ssi
oner
s
8. Shif
t i
ngofBr i
ti
shf r
om For tDagor et
titoFortSmi t
handl ater
FortHal lduetocont inuousr aidsbyt heAgi kuyu.  Hei
mpl ement edgovernmentpoli
ciesi
nthedist
ri
cts.
9. Massi vedest r
uctionandl oot ingofpr operty
.  Hemaint ai
nedl awandorderandsecuri
tyi
nthedistr
ict
.
 Hepresidedov erdi
str
ictadvi
sor
ycommi tt
ees.
Luo  HecoordinatedworkofDi st
ri
ctOff
icer
sandChiefs.

Coll
abor
ator
s–Gem andAsembo 5. Di
str
ictOf
fi
cer
s
Resi
ster
s–Sakwa,
Seme,Uyoma,Ugeny
aandKi
sumu
 Hei
mplementedor
der
sfrom DC’
s.
Reasonsf
ort
hei
rreact
ion(
Resi
stance)  Heco-
coor
dinat
edworkoft
hechief
s

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 33
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
 Hemai
ntai
nedl
awandor
deri
ndi
vi
sions. 2. Poortransportandcommunicat
ion,hencepoorcoor
dinat
ion.
3. I
nadequat efundstorunt
hei
ractiv
iti
es.
6. Chi
efs 4. Str
uggle/ri
valr
ybetweenl
ocalsandsettl
ers.
5. Racial
discri
mi nat
ion.
a. Theymaintainpubliclawandor der.
b. Theywerealsoi nvolvedinhear ingofpet tycases.
c. Theyal
soor ganizedf orclear i
ngofr oadsandf ootpaths.
d. Theycoul
dal soempl oyotherper sonstoassistthem e.g.
messengers.
e. Theyassi
stedt heEur opeanDO’ si ncol
lecti
onoft axes.
f. Theycontr
olledthebr ewingofi l
legalli
quor,cult
ivat
ionof
poi
sonousplant sandcar ryingofweapons.
g. Theymobili
zedAf ricanlabourf orpubl i
cwor k. SOCI
ALANDECONOMI
CDEVELOPMENTSI
NKENYADURI
NGTHE
h. Theyconvenedpubl i
cmeet ings. COLONI
ALPERI
OD
i
. Theycommuni cateddi recti
v esfrom thegov ernment.
Keny
a-UgandaRai
l
way
7. Headmen
Reasons 1896-
1901
 Theyconnectedt
hegovernmentandt
hepeopl
eatgrassr
oot
s
 Theymobili
zedpeopl
efordevel
opmentwi
thi
nvil
l
ages. 1. Tofacili
tatefastmov ementoft r
oopst othetroubledareasin
thei
nteriorforef fectiveadmi ni str
ation.
2. Totranspor tadmi nistratorsint ot heinteriorf
oref fect
ive
administrati
onofBr it
ishEastAf r
ica.
3. Tofacili
tatethemov ementofChr isti
anmi ssi
onariestot he
i
nteri
ortospr eadChr isti
anity.
4. TheBriti
shwant edtocont rol Ugandaasi twast hesour ceR.
Nil
e.
Localgov
ernment 5. Theywant edt ousei ttoexpl oitresour cesi nt
hei nteri
or.
6. Toabol i
shsl av etradeandpr omot elegi t
imatetrade.
I
twasaimedati
nvol
vi
ngt
hel
ocal
peopl
eint
her
unni
ngoft
he 7. Totranspor trawmat er i
alsfrom t hei nteri
ortotheCoastand
gov
ernment manufact uredgoodsf r
om t hecoastt otheinter
ior.
8. Toobtainr evenuef r
om t heint eri
orf oradmi ni
stration.
Funct
ions
Howi
tspeededupcol
oni
zat
ionofKeny
a.
1. Toprovi
delegal f
orum forlocalstomakedeci
sionst
hrough
committ
eesf orthei
raffair
s. 1. Itenhancedthetransport
ati
onoftr
oops/admini
str
ator
s.
2. Touti
li
zelocalresourcesfordev el
opment
. 2. Itopenedupt hecountryt
oEuropeansett
lement
.
3. Toli
nkpeoplewi thcentralgovernment
. 3. Itl
edt ofor
cefuldispl
acement/l
ossoflandbysome
communi ti
es.
LOCALNATI
VECOUNCI
LS(
LNC-
1922)
Pr
obl
emsencount
ered
Obj
ect
ives
1. Tropicaldiseasese. g.smal lpox,ji
ggersetc.
1. Toencourageanddev elopasenseofr esponsibi
li
tyandduty 2. Man- eati
ngLi onsi ntheTsav oandot herwil
dani mal s.
amongt heAf ri
cans. 3. Heav yrai
nsi nsomer egionswashedawayt her ai
ls.
2. Toprovi
deawayf ortheeducatedAfri
canstoai rt
heirvi
ewat 4. Host i
lecommuni tiesstol emateri
als.
di
str
ictl
ev el. 5. Therewasi nadequat elabourwhi chledt oi
mpor tationof
3. Torestr
icttheAf r
icansinthei
rreser
ves. worker sfr
om I ndia.
4. Toenablet hegovernmentt ocontai
ntheAf r
icansproperl
y. 6. Terrainacrosst hehi ghlandplateaucausedengi neer ing
problemswhi chcostt i
met obesol ved.
Achi
evement
s 7. Shortageofbasi csuppl iesli
kewat erespeci
allyintheNy i
ka
pl
ateau.
1. I
trest
ri
ctedAf r
icanpolit
icalact
ivi
ti
es. 8. Under -
developedpor tfacili
ti
esatthecoastal sobr oughtdelay
s.
2. I
tprovi
dedbasi csocialneeds.
3. I
tmaintainedbasicinfr
astruct
ure. Consequences/Ef
fect
s
4. I
tcoll
ectedtaxes.
1.
Itfaci
li
tatedt ranspor tofgoodsandpeopl e.
I
mpactoft
heest
abl
ishmentofl
ocalgov
ernment 2.
Itl
edt othedev elopmentofur bancent er
s.
3.
Itopenedupt heinter i
orforeconomi cdev elopment .
1. Itexploit
edlocalresour
cesandi nit
iati
vesindevel
opment. 4.
Itfaci
li
tatedt hemov ementoft r
ader sandpr omot edtrade.
2. Itmaintainedlawandor derusingasmal lpoli
cefor
cesetupto 5.
Itl
edt othedev elopmentofot herf ormsoft ransportand
in1896. communi catione. g.r oadandtelecommuni cation.
3. Itpromot eddevelopmentofinfrast
ructureandAfri
canwelf
are. 6. I tl
edt ocr eationofempl oymentoppor tunit
ies.
4. Itarbi
tratedAfri
cancases/disputesthroughDist
ri
ctAfr
ican 7. I twasamaj orsour ceofr evenuef orthecol onialauthori
ty
Cour t
s. 8. I tencouragedt hecomi ngofsettlerstoKeny a.
9. I tpromot edi nteractionbetweendi fferentKeny ancommuni t
ies.
Chal
lenges 10. Itfaci
li
tatedt hebui ldingofindustries.
11. Itl
edt olandal i
enationbyt heBr i
tishandt hus, cr
eat i
onof
1. Shor t
ageoft r
ainedandexper i
encedwor kers. reservesf orAf ri
cans

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 34
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

Howi
tpr
omot
edeconomi
cdev
elopmenti
ncol
oni
alKeny
a. Howcol
oni
algov
ernmentencour
agedset
tl
erf
ami
ngi
nKeny
a.

1. Ithastenedthet ransportat
ionofgoods/ 1. Europeanset tlerswer epr ovidedwi thlarget ractsofl andwhi ch
serv
ices. wereal i
enat edf rom t heAf ri
canst hroughv ari
ousl and
2. Itpromot edthegr owthoft r
ade/commer ci
al l
egislati
ons.
acti
vi
ties. 2. Thecol onial gov er nmentcameupwi thway stopr ovidelabour
3. Itopenedt heinteriorf
orbet t
erfar
ming/ totheWhi teset tler s.
agri
cultur
e. 3. Afri
canswer ef orbi ddenf rom gr owingsomecashcr opsand
4. Itl
edt othegr owthofi ndustr
ies/mini
ng. keepingsomeexot i
cani mal st oforcet hem t oseekwage
5. Itl
edt othegr owth/dev elopmentofurban empl oymenti nset tlerf arms.
centr
es. 4. Establi
shmentofAf ricanr eser vesinr emot eandunpr oducti
ve
6. Itcreatedempl oyment . areastodepr ivet hem ofmar ketort heirgoods/ produce.
7. Itl
edt othedev elopmentofot hermeansof 5. TheNor theyci rcul arof1918- 1919r equi redchi efstosuppl ya
tr
anspor t
. numberofl abourr ecr ui t
sf orset t
lerfarmsandgov ernment
project
s.
HowtheKeny
a-UgandaRai
lwaycont
ri
but
edt
otheset
tl
erf
armi
ng 6. Thegov ernmentof fer edcr editfacil
iti
est oset tl
erst odev el
op
i
nKenya. farming/ extensi onser v i
cese. g.dev el
opmentofagr i
culture
7. Establi
shmentofagr o- basedi ndustr i
espr ov i
dedr eadymar ket
1. I
tprovi
dedcheapandrel
i
ablelabournetwork. fortheirpr oduce.
2. I
topeneduptheKenyaHighl
andsf orset
tl
ers. 8. Dev el
opmentoft ranspor tandcommuni cationsy stem
faci
lit
atedset tl
erf armi ng.
Set
tl
erf
armi
ngi
nKeny
a 9. Thegov ernmentensur edt herewaspr otectiont oset tl
ers
againstpossi bleAf ricanr ebel l
ion.
Char
act
eri
sti
csofAf
ri
canf
armi
ngdur
ingcol
oni
alper
iod.
Whyt
hecol
oni
algov
ernmentencour
agedset
tl
erf
armi
ngi
nKeny
a.
1. Subsist
encecr opswer egrown.
2. TheAf r
icanshadnoadv isoryandot herser
vices. 1. TomakeKeny aawhiteman’scountry.
3. Theyusedt hetraditi
onal met hodsoff ar
ming. 2. Tohel
pfinancetheadminist
rat
iveexpensesoft hecol
ony.
4. Afr
icanswor kedont heirownf ar
ms. 3. Tohel
ppayf ort
heconstruct
ionandmai ntenanceofthe
5. Theyhadsmal lpiecesofl and. rai
l
way.
6. I
twaschar acterizedbyov erstocki
ng. 4. Tocount
ertheAr abi
nfl
uenceinKeny a.
5. TheKenyaHighl
andswer esuit
ableforEur
opeanset tl
ement
.

HowEur
opeanset
tl
ersgotl
abourf
orce.
Whyt
heset
tl
erscamet
oKeny
a.
1. Introduct i
onoft axationbyt heBr i
ti
shgov ernmentpay abl
ein
1. Therewasneedt oexploitt
hel andformoneyt orunthe cash.
admini
strati
on 2. For cedr ecruitment/conscr ipti
on/deny ingt hem t
he
2. Therewerelargetract
sofunoccupi edland oppor t
unityt ogrowcashcr ops.
3. TheWhiteswoul dbeloyaltothecolonialgovernmentas 3. Usi ngt heKi pandesy stem
opposedtot heAfri
cans. 4. Alienat i
onofAf ricanl and/Cr eat
ionofAf ri
canReser v
es.
4. ThegovernorNortheysawt heneedt odev el
opt hehighl
andst
o 5. Useofsquat t
ersy stem, astheAf ri
canswer eencouragedt o
meetadmi ni
strat
ivecosts. sett l
eoni nEur opeanf ar
msassquat tersandwer egivensmall
5. Thesett
lerswouldhelptocont rolAsi
animmi grat
ionand plot soflandi nr eturnf orl
abour .
i
nfl
uencei nKenya. 6. Useofl abourasapuni shment .
6. Thecli
mat eoftheWhi t
ehighlandswassui t
ableforWhite 7. Useofcol onialchiefsandpol i
ce/t heywer et hr
eatenedwith
set
tl
ement . i
mpr isonmenti ftheydi dnotpr ovi
del abour
8. Present i
nggi ft
sorpr esentstoAf ri
cansl i
kecl ot
hesandf oodin
Fact
orst
hatpr
omot
ed/f
avour
edset
tl
erf
armi
ngi
nKeny
a. retur nforlabour/Labourwasal soexchangesf or
manuf acturedgoods.
1. Thegov ernmentsnatchedlandfr
om Afri
cansandgav etothe
sett
lersandlaborersandloansbygovernment. WhytheAf
ricanwer
eagai
nstpr
ovi
dingl
abourt
otheset
tl
ersi
n
2. Favorablecli
mate/adequat et
emperatureandrai
nfall
. Keny
aduri
ngcoloni
ali
sm.
3. Ferti
li
tyofthesoil
.
4. Buil
dingandmai ntenanceofvari
ousformsoftransporte.
g. 1. Thewagespr ovi
dedbysett
lerswer elow.
roads. 2. Manydi dnotlikel
eavi
ngtheirfamili
estogoandworkfor
Europeans.
Howcol
oni
algov
ernmentacqui
redl
andf
ort
heEur
opeanset
tl
ers. 3. Theyhat edtheharshcondi
ti
onst heyweresubj
ect
edtobythe
set
tlerfarmers.
1. Ali
enati
onofAf ri
canlandt
hroughsigningtreaties.
2. Throughl egislati
onthatal
l
owedEur opeanst obuyorl easel
and. Pr
obl
emsencount er edbyset t
lers.
3. Forcef
ul evictionoftheAfr
icansbythecol oni
al government.
4. Usingmi ssionar i
estopaci
fytheAfr
icans. 1. Raidsbyl ocalswhosel andhadbeent aken.
5. TheBr i
ti
shal sousedt r
adi
ngcompani esli
ket heI mper i
alBr
it
ish 2. Unwill
ingAf ri
canst oofferlabour
,therewasashor
tage.
EastAfri
caCompany . 3. Theylackedbasi cski
ll
sandexper ienceasmanyhadnot
6. Theyalsousedt r
icker
y/givi
nggif
tstot heAfricansin practi
cedagr i
cul t
urebefore.
exchangef orl and. 4. Theset t
lerswer enotfami li
arwit
ht heseasons&t
heref
ore
couldnotpr edictwhenandwhatt oplant.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 35
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
5. Shortageofcapitalt
oi nv esti
nagr i
cult
ure.
6. Theywer eunabletomar kettheirproducedur
ingtheworl
d 10. KenyaAnnexat
ionOrderi
nCounci
l1920.
wars. Afr
icanswer
etenant
softheCrowneveni
nreser
ves.
7. Therewasi nadequatet ransport&communi cati
onnetwor
k
whichaffectedthemov ementofpeopl e&goods. 11. Landcommissi
on-1924
8. Pestsandani mal &cropdi seases,hencehighcosti
n I
tfi
xedt
heboundari
esofr
eser
ves.
producti
on.
12. Nat
iveLandsTrustOr
dinance-1930
NB/Cropscul
ti
vat
edi
ncl
udedcof
fee,
wheat
,si
sal
,teaand Afri
canreserv
esbelongedtotheAf
ri
cansper
manent
ly
py
ret
hrum.
13. Car
tercommission-
1932
WhyAf
ri
canswer
enotal
lowedt
ogr
owcashcr
opst
il
l1937 I
tfi
xedboundar
iesoft
heWhi
teHi
ghl
ands.

1. Afr
ican-growncof f
eewoul dbepronet
odiseaseswhichwoul
d 14. KenyaHi ghl
andsOr
deri
nCouncil-
1939
spreadtowhitefarms. Itreser
vedwhi
tehi
ghl
andspermanent
lyandexcl
usi
vel
y
2. Afr
icanscouldlowert hequal
it
yastheyhadneit
herknowl
edge for
norskil
ls. Europeans.
3. EnsurelabourforEuropeanfar
ms.
4. Toav oi
dunnecessar ycompeti
tioni
ncashcropfar
ming. Swynnetonpl
an–1945–consoli
dat
ionandr
egi
str
ati
onof
Afr
icaLandwit
havi
ewofbetterl
andmanagement
.
Feat
uresofAf
ri
canf
armi
ngdur
ingcol
oni
alper
iod.
I
mpact
1. I
twassubsistencei nnatur e/forconsumpt i
on.
2. I
twascommunal innature. 1. TheAf ri
canslostt heirl
andt oEur opeans.
3. Theyusedtradi
tionalmet hodsoff ar
mi ng. 2. Mostl andwasusedf ortheconst ructi
onrailway,European
4. TheAfri
canswor kedi ntheirownf ar
ms. settl
ementandmi ssi
onar ywor k.
5. Theyhadsmal lpiecesofl and. 3. TheAf ri
canswer epushedt or eservesandt heybecame
squatters.
Coloniall
andpolicies 4. Tr adit
ionalst
ructur eswer edisruptedbyt hesituati
onsin
reserves.
Landact s/ordi
nances 5. Ki pandesy st
em wasi ntr
oducedt oensurelaboursuppl y.
6. Taxat ionwasi ntr
oduced.
1. I ndianacquisiti
onAct-1896 7. I ndi
answer edeni edaccesst oagr i
cult
urall
and.
Accordingtothisact,
author i
ti
escoul dtakeov erlandfor 8. Nat ionali
sm roseandgr ewinKeny a.
rai
l
way , 9. I ti
ncreasedEur opeani mmi grationintoKeny a.
governmentconst r
uctionandpublicut i
li
ti
es. 10. Landbecameagr eatsour ceofAf ricanresentment .

2. LandRegulati
onAct-1897 Dev
onshi
reWhi
tePaper-
1923
Ital
lowedthegover
nmentt
oissueacer
ti
fi
cat
eof
occupati
onanda  I
twasputf
orwar
dbysettl
ersandDukeofDevonshi
re.
l
easeof99y ears.  I
tst
oppedt
hecallf
orsel
f-
independencei
nKenyabysett
ler
s

3. EastAfr
icanLandOrderi
nCouncil-
1901 Ter
ms
I
tdefinedcr
ownlandas‘
All
PublicLand’
whi
chi
snot
pri
vat
e 1. Keny anhi ghlandswer et ober eser vedf orwhi tesetter salone.
2. Indianswoul delect5member st ot heLegisl ativeCounci land
alsober epr esentedi nt heCount yCounci ls
4. Cr ownLandOr dinance- 1902 3. Raci alsegr egationinr esi dential areasandr est ri
cti
onson
Thisal lowedt hegov ernmenttosel lorleasecr ownl andto Indianimmi grat
ionswer eabol ished.
Eur opeansat2r upeesper100acr esorr entat15r upees 4. Af ricani nterestswer epar amount .
per100acr esannual ly. 5. TheCol oni alsecretarywoul dst ri
ctlycontrol theaf fai
r soft he
colony .
5. Maasai agr eement- 1904 6. Ami ssionar ywoul dbenomi nat edt otheLegi slati
veCounci lto
TheMaasai wer epushedt oLaikipi
aandNgongr eserves. representt heAf ri
cans.
7. Theset tl
er swoul dmai ntai nthei rsuperiori
tyi nLegi slative
6. Four( 4)mor eAf ri
canr eserveswer ecreat edin1905-InKi kuyu Counci l.
andNandiar eas.
Gr
iev
ancesoft heSet t
lersinKeny a.
7. Reser vationofhi ghlandsf orwhitesettlers-1906
1. Theywant edKeny ahi ghlandst obeexcl usivel yreserv edf orthe
8. 2ndMaasaiagr eement- 1911 Whi tes.
ItpushedoutMaasai f
rom ferti
leLaiki
piareser vesforEur opean 2. Theywant edmor eindependencef rom Britain/I nternal self-
settl
ement . rule.
3. Theywant edr estri
ctiononI ndiani mmi grationi ntoKeny a.
9. Cr ownl andor di nance- 1915 4. Theynev erwant edAsi anst ober epresentedi nt heLegi sl
ative
Itpr eserv edt heWhi t
ehighlandsexcl usiv
elyfortheWhi t
e Counci l.
settlers.
Theset tler swer egivenal easeupt o999y ears. Gr
iev
ancesoft heAf ricans.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 36
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

1. Theywant
edt
heirl
andback. 1. Exi
stenceofadmi nistrat
ioncentres.
2. Theywant
edt
hekipandeandsquattersyst
em t
obeabolished. 2. Exi
stenceofsoci al ameni t
iesegmi ssi
onstat
ions.
3. Theywant
edt
heAfricanstoberepr
esentedint
heLegi
slati
ve 3. Avai
labi
li
tyofmi ner als/mi ningacti
vit
ies/i
ndustr
ies.
Counci
l
. 4. Avai
labi
li
tyofsecur it
y.
4. Theywant
edf
orcedlabourtobeaboli
shed. 5. Agri
cult
uralacti
vities.
6. Commer cialacti
vities/t r
adingactivi
ti
es.
7. Avai
labi
li
tyoft r
anspor t/communi cati
on.

Reasonsf
ormov
ementofAf
ri
canst
otownsdur
ingcol
oni
alper
iod.
I
tssi
gni
fi
cance/
resul
ts.
1. Theov ercrowded/unpr oductivereservescr eat edbyt he
1. Af r
icansbenef it
edasKeny awasdecl aredanAf r
ican colonialgov ernmentmadel i
vingconditionsdi fficult/
terri
toryandt hei nterestoft heAf ri
canbecamepar amount unbear ablet herebyr esul ti
ngintomi grationst ot owns.
wher et her ewasr acialconf l
ict. 2. Av ail
abili
tyofbet tersoci alservi
ces/ameni t
ies/heal thcent
res
2. Itstoppedt heset tlersf r
om decl ari
ngt heirsel f
- /educat ionpr ov idedi ntownsat t
ractedt heAf ricans.
i
ndependencef rom 3. Thet axesi mposedonAf ri
cansf orcedt hem tot ownsi nsear
ch
Br i
tain. forjobs.
3. TheAf ricanpr oblemsmor eso, thatofl andandl abour 4. Av ail
abili
tyofi nfrastructure/pi pedwat er/pav edroads/
wer enot electri
cityat tr
act edtheAf ri
canst otownsast heyhopedf ora
r esolved. bet t
erlif
e.
4. TheI ndi answer edi sappointedast heywer enotal l
owedt o 5. Empl oy ment/j oboppor tunit
iesattractedpeopl et otownsas
set t
lein theywer epr omi sedbet terwages.
t hewhi teHighlandsandhav epol it
icalrightswi ththe 6. Mi str
eatment/f rustrati
onsbyt helabour/publ icwor kers
Whi tes. forcedt hem t omov et ot owns.
5. TheAf ricanswer er epresentedi ntheLegi slativeCounci l 7. Thewi despr eadpov er t
yi nruralareas/r eserv escausedunt old
byami ssionarycal ledDrAr thur1924. suf f
eri
ngt herebymaki ngt hem t omi gr
at etot owns.
6. TheI ndi answer ebi tt
erandev endeclinedt ot akeupt heir 8. Africanent r
epreneur swant edt otakeadv ant
ageoft r
ade
seat sint heLegi slat i
veCounci lorinMuni cipal Council
. mar ketsi ntowns.
7. TheAf ricansbecamemor eenl i
ghtenedpol iticall
yandt hey
startedf ormingpol iti
cal groupst oaddr esst heir Pr
obl
emsf acedbyAf
ri
cansi
nur
bancent
resdur
ingcol
oni
alper
iod
gr i
evances. i
nKenya.
8. Itledt ocr eati
onofLocal Nativ eCounci lsinKeny a.
9. Itintensi f
iedrivalrybet weent heset tl
ersandI ndians. 1. Ther ewer einadequat ehousi ngf acil
iti
estomeett hedemand
oft heAf ricanpeopl e/itledt othedev elopmentof
Howi
taf
fect
edt
heI
ndi
ans shant i
es/ slums.
2. Increasedpopul ationinur bancent r
esl edtoser iouswat er
1. Indi
answer enotallowedtosett
leinthehighlands. shor tage.
2. Thegov ernmentwasi nvi
ti
ngmor esett
ler
st ocheckonIndian 3. Thesoci al servicespr ovi
dedt otheAf r
icanswer einadequat e
i
mmi grationi
ntoKeny a. andofpoorqual i
ty.
3. Theycal ledfordir
ectandadequaterepresentati
onto 4. Lackofpl anningofhousi ngledt opoordr ainageand
Legi
sl ati
v eCounci
l oncommonr oll
. sani tationf acili
ties.
4. Theyobj ectedtheirsepar
atetax
ationfr
om Eur opeansand 5. Establ ishmentofi ndust r
iesinur bancent r
esl edt opollutionof
segregat ededucation. theenv i
ronmentwhi chaf fectedt heheal thoft heinhabi t
ant s.
6. Ov ercr owdi ngespeci all
yinshant i
es/ sl
umsl edt ot heout br eak
Howi
taf
fect
edEur
opeans/set
tl
ers ofdi seases.
7. Ther ewer emanyunempl oyedpeopl ewhogoti nvolvedin
1. OpposedIndiancal lforequal ity soci al vices/ cr
ime.
2. Just
ifi
edsegregat i
on( r
acial)inallspheresastheircult
urewas 8. Africanswor ki
ngi nur bancent resr eceivedlowwageswhi ch
‘
superi
or’ affect edt heirstandar dofl i
vi
ng/Af ri
canswer esubjectedt o
3. Theyarguedthatt heywoul dr at
hergi vei
ntotheAfri
can racial discr iminat i
on.
demandst hant otheI ndiant hought heyhadnomor al
rightt
o Howthecol oni algov ernmentcont rolledt hemi grationofAf ricans
prot
ecttheinterestofAf ricans. t
ourbancent res.
4. Theyclai
medt ohav elegal ri
ghtt otheHighlands.
1. Takingheadcountoft hosewhower esupposedtoli
veint
owns
Ef
fect
soft
heDev
onshi
reWhi
tepaper
. /reserves.
2. Enacti
ngst ri
ctrul
esaboutmi grat
ionsintourbancentr
es/
1. I
tsav edKeny afrom beingaWhi tesett
lerdomi nat
edcolony. Creati
onofAf ri
canr eser
v es.
2. I
treducedset tl
erdomi nance. 3. Ensuri
ngt hatonlythosewhohadspeci f
icact
ivi
ti
esto
3. Europeandemandf orself-
gov ernmentwasr ej
ected. undertakeintheurbanar easliv
edt here.
4. I
tledt oestabl
ishmentofl ocal nati
vecouncilsforAfr
icans. 4. I
ntroducingtheKipandesy st
em.
5. Dr.Arthur,amissionarywasappoi nt
edt orepresentt
he
i
nterestsofAf r
icansinLegislativeCouncil
. Consequencesofur
bani
zat
ioni
nKeny
adur
ingcol
oni
ali
sm
6. WhiteHi ghl
andswer ereservedf orEuropeansal one.
1. I
tbroughtaboutinteracti
onhenceexchangeofi
deas
URBANI
ZATI
ON 2. I
tresultedi
ntoendofdi f
fer
encesbetweenKeny
acommunit
ies
duetocontactsformed.
Fact
orsthatfav
our
ed/
inf
luencedur
bani
zat
ioni
nKeny
adur
ing 3. Welfareandassociati
onswer efor
med
col
onialper
iod. 4. Sportsperf
ect
edr elati
onsbetweenKenyancommunit
ies

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 37
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
5. Af r
icansgotempl oyed 3. Theypaidfeeswhichwereusedtoruntheschoolsand
6. Unempl oyment ,hencepov erty col
leges.
7. Industri
esexpanded 4. Theyprovi
dedlandfortheconst
ructi
onofschoolsandcolleges
8. Slumsdev elopedf orpoorear ner
s. 5. Theyprovi
dedbasicneedsforschoolsandcol
legese.g.f
ood.
9. ErosionofAf ri
cancul tur
e 6. Theyweretrai
nedasteachersandheadsoflearni
nginsti
tuti
on.
10. Poorworki
ngcondi t
ions/remunerati
ons
11. Ki
pandesy stem becamemor est
rict Heal
th
12. Changeoft r
aditi
onal div
isionofl
abour
1. Healthcentersweresetup- toeradicatediseases, t
rai
nmedi cal
Educat
ionandHeal
th personnel
,andi mprovehealt handhy gieneforAfricansand
Asiansintowns.
Educat
ionwasof
fer
edbymissi
onari
es,
gov er
nmentthenl
ocal 2. 1921–Publ icHealt
hOr dinanceempower edmedi cal
counci
l
sandcommunit
yorgani
zat
ionse.g.Asi
ans. departmenttousepr eventiv
er atherthancurativemeasur es.
3. 1949-BureauofMedi calResear chwassetupasagencyof
I
tsf
eat
ures EastAfri
canHi ghCommi ssion.
4. 1951,KingGeor geVIhospi t
al (
Keny att
a)wassetup.
1. Itwaselementary-r
eli
gion,
wri
ti
ng,r
eading,
hygi
eneand 5. Afr
icansalsousedher bal medicinet ocurediseases.
ari
thmetic.
2. Itwasindustr
ialandtechni
cal
inapproach.
3. Itwasdenomi nati
onal. POLI
TICALDEVELOPMENTSANDTHESTRUGGLEFOR
I
NDEPENDENCEINKENYA(1919-
1963)
WhyAfri
canswer
enotgi
venacademi
ceducat
iondur
ing
col
oni
ali
sm. Gr
iev
ancesofKeny
ansbet
ween1919-
1939

1. Theywereconsideredaslackingthemental 1. TheAf ri
canswer eunhappyast heywer enotr epresent edin
capaci
tyt
oacquireacademiceducation. Legi slativ eCounci l.
2. Toavoi
dcompet it
ionwiththewhi t
esforj
ob 2. I ntroduct ionofki pandesy st em whi chl i
mi tedt hei
rmov ement
market
. wasr esent edbyt heAf ricans.
3. Tousethem formanual j
obonl y. 3. I ntroduct ionofdest ocki ngpol icy/under mi ningAf ri
cancul tur
e.
4. Toli
mitAfr
icanpoliti
cal
awar eness. 4. Landl essnessaf tert hei rlandhadbeenal ienat edbyt heBr it
ish.
5. I ntroduct ionoft axat i
onwasoppr essiveasi tmadet heAf r
icans
wor kf orEur opeansagai nstt hei rwi ll
.
Object i
vesofMi ssionar yeducat ion 6. TheAf ri
canswer eagai nstt hei nt roducedf orcedl abourbyt he
coloni al admi nist rator s.
1. I mpar tagr i
cultural skill
si nAf r
icanspr obabl ytopr omot esettl
er 7. Theywer emeantt owor kf orl onghour sy ett heywer epai dlow
farmi ng. wages.
2. Topr ov i
det echni cal skill
sf orAf ricanst oi mprov eindust ri
al 8. TheAf ri
canswer enotal lowedt ogr owcashcr opsandt his
knowl edge. deni edt hem t heoppor tunityt opar tici
pat ei neconomi c
3. Tot rai nAf r
icanst ospr eadChr istianity. dev elopmentoft heircount ry .
4. Toof ferAf ri
cansski l
lstor eadt heBi bleanddosi mpl e
arit
hmet ic. Methodsusedbyt heAf ricansi nKeny aint hest ruggl efor
i
ndependence.
Howt heyf ulf
ill
edt heobj ect i
v es.
1. Theyusedar medst ruggl eagai nstt hecol oni al admini strati
on.
1. Desi gningacur riculum wi themphasi son 2. Theyusedst ri
kesandboy cot tsasameansofchal l
engi ngt he
agriculture,tailoring, masonr yandcar pentry. coloni al power .
2. Establ i
shi ngthef irstsecondar yschool sf or 3. Useoft radeuni onst oencour aget heirst ruggl eamongt he
Afri
cansl i
keAl li
ance- 1926, Kabaa- 1927, Maseno- 1938 wor ker s.
andYal a-
1939. 4. Theyusedr epresent ationi nt heLegi slaveCounci l.
3. TrainingAf ri
cant eacher swhomanagedt he 5. Theyusedmassmedi at omobi lizet hepeopl e.
‘
bushschool s’. 6. Theyf or medsoci al or gani zat ions&pol it
ical par ti
estopr essfor
4. Offer i
ngt henecessar yf inancial andmat erial change.
suppor ttomaket heseschool soper ati
onal. 7. Theyusedi ndependentchur chest osensi ti
zet heAfricans
aboutt hei rpol i
tical right s.
NB-TheFr aserCommi ssionof1908hadr ecommendedar acial
ly 8. Af ricanssentpet iti
onsanddel egat ionst ot hegov er
nor&
segregat edsy stem ofeducat i
on, Prov i
sionoft echnical educat i
onto coloni al of f
iceinLondon/I nter nat i
onal f
or a.
Afri
cans, Mai ntenanceofr aci all
ysegr egat edschool s,mor e
cooper ationbet weent hecol onialadmi nistrator sandt heChr ist
ian 1) Ki kuy uAssoci at ion( KA)
missionar iesandappeal sf orgr ants-in-aidf ormi ssi
onschool s.
 I twasf or med1920
In1924, thePhel ps-StokesCommi ssionr ecommendedauni form  Chi efKi ny anjui waGat hi ri
mu&Chi efKoi nangewaMbi yuas
system ofeducat i
oni nal lgov ernmentandmi ssionaryschool s, patron.
suff
icientt rainingf ort eacher sandr elat edper sonnel beest abli
shed  I tfoughtf oralienat edl and, incr easei nAf ricanwagesand
byst art
ingcol legesandt hoseschool sbebui ltinrural areas. abol it
ionofKi pande.
 1921, itwaschangedt oYoungKi kuy uAssoci at i
on
RoleofAf r i
cansi npr ovidingf ormaleducat ion
2) EastAf ricanAssoci at ion( EAA)
1. Theyst artedt heirownschool s
2. Theyest abl i
shedcol l
egesf ortrainingt eacher s  I twasf or medi nJune1921byHar ryThukuandAbdal la

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 38
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
Tair
avanf
rom Kikuy
uAssoci
ati
on. I
twasfor
medin1937DecemberbySamuelMui
ndiMbi
ngu&
Harr
yThukuwast hechai
rman. El
ij
ahKav
ulaandi
tsmai
nissueswerel
and,
dest
ocki
ng.

Gr
iev
ances- 6) Tai
taHi
ll
sAssoci
ati
on(
THA)

1. Theydemandedforthereturnoftheal ienatedl and. -

Itwasf
ormedi
n1938byDani
elMapi
nga
2. Theywant
edthecolonialgovernmentt oabol i
shhut/pol lt
ax.
3. Theydemandedfortheabolit
ionofKi pande. I
twasf or
medt ofi
ghtfortheretur
noft hei
rali
enat
edland,
4. Theydemandedforbetterworkingandl i
vi
ngcondi ti
ons. protestagai
nstdestocki
ngpolicy,
kipandesystem,for
ced
5. Theydemandedthattheelecti
onst ot helegislati
veCouncilbe l
abour ,
doneonacommonr oll
. tobeal l
owedtogrowcashcr opsandhav eequalr
ight
switht
he
6. Theydemandedfortheabolit
ionoff orcedlabour . Europeans
7. Theydemandedformor eeducat i
onf orAfricans.
8. Theydemandedanendt ocompul sorydestocki ng. 7) CoastAf
ri
canAssoci
ati
on(
CAA)
9. Theydemandedfortherevocationoft hecol onialstat
us.
 I
twasf ormedi n1941byHar ryStephenandFr anci
sKhamisi
 Thukusoughtassist
ancef r
om Asianstoprovi
dev ehicl
esfor  I
tdemandedf or:
tr
ansportandpubli
sharticl
esofEAAi nnewspaper. 1. Remov al ofuneducat edchiefs.
 Healsoestabl
ishedcontactswit
hPan- Af
ri
canist
se. g.Duboi
s 2. I
mpr ovededucat ionf orAfri
cans.
 Hetravel
ledandpubli
cizedtheAfri
canproblemsabr oad. 3. Adequat ehealthfacili
ti
es.
4. Aboli
tionoft axati
on.
3) Ki
kuy
uCent
ralAssoci
ati
on 5. Taxescol lect
edf rom Afri
cant raditi
onaldri
nksbeusedto
developt heruralareas.
I
twasf
ormedi
n1924-
JosephKang’
ethe(
Presi
dent
) 6. Appoi ntmentofAf ri
canadmi nistr
ators
7. For mat ionofco- operati
veuni onsf orAfri
cans.
Obj
ect
ives- 8. Af r
icanr epresentati
onoft heCoast alr
egionintheLegi
slat
ive
Council.
1.Itadvocateforgrowingofcof f
eebyAf ri
cans 9. Landal i
enat i
onwhi chaffectedt heMi j
ikenda.
2.Itworkedtowar dsresolut
ionofalienatedAf r
icanland. 10. El
evat i
onofShi mol aTewat oahi ghschool.
3.Tohav elawswr it
teninKikuyu.
4.Topr essuri
zecolonialgover
nmentt oabolishkipande Pr
obl
emsf
acedbyear
lypol
it
icalpar
ti
es
system.
5. Topr essuri
zecolonialgover
nmentt oabolishracial 1. Har assmentbycol onialgov ernment
segregati
on. 2. Wr angleswi t
hinthepartiesf orposit
ionsandideologi
es.
6. Tor espectAfr
icancultureandcust oms. 3. Shor t
ageoff unds.
7. Toagi t
ateforthereleaseofpolit
icalprisoners. 4. Mismanagementoff undsduet oi
ncompetenceand
Gr
iev
ances i
nex periencedleaders.
5. Disunity.
1. Racialdi scriminati
onagai nstt heAf ri
cans. 6. Collaborationwiththecol onists.
2. Theywant edmor eeducat ional facilit
iesfortheAf r
icans. 7. Criminalizati
onandev entual banningoftheparti
es.
3. Theywant edtheAf ri
canst obei ssuedwi thLandt i
tledeeds.
4. Theywant edli
ftoft hebanongr owi ngcashcr opsbyAf ri
cans Char
act
eri
sti
cofear
lypol
it
icalpar
ti
es/or
gani
zat
ionsi
nKeny
a
especial l
ycof f
ee.
5. Theywant edthelawst obet ranslat edint oKikuyulanguage. 1. Theywereledbymi ssionar yeducat edAfri
cans.
6. Theydemandedf ort hepr otect i
onofAgi kuyucust oms 2. Theyhadinter-
regional co-operati
on.
especial l
yf emaleci rcumci sion. 3. Theygotmat er
ialsandl egalhelpfrom Asians.
7. Theywant edmor eAf r
icanr epr esent ati
onintheLegi slat
ive 4. Theywerenotaf terindependence, butagainstexpl
oitat
ionand
Counci l. oppr
ession.
8. Endt ot heKi pandesy stem whi chr estri
ctedtheAf r
ican 5. Theywereethnicbased/ lacknational out
look.
mov ement . 6. Theyhadsmal lmember ship.
9. Taxat ionwhi chwasi mposedont heAf ri
cans 7. Thei
rdemandswer ef ocusedonwel fareofthepeople.
10. Forcedl abourwhi chhadbeeni ntroduceduponAf r
icans.
11. Ther eleaseofHar ryThukuandt heot herAfri
cannat ional
ists Achi
evement
soft
heseear
lypol
it
icalpar
ti
es
whohadbeenar r
est ed.
12. Landpr oblem, ast heAf ri
canl andhadbeenal ienat
edandl ef
t 1. Theyprovi
dedpol i
ticaleducati
ont oAf ri
cancommuni ti
es/Re-
theAf r
icansassquat t
ers. awakenedmassesbymaki ngt hem consci ousofpolit
ical
si
tuat
ioninthecount ry.
4) Kav
irondoTaxPay
ersWel
far
eAssoci
ati
on(
KTPWA) 2. Theycommuni catedcommuni ties’problemst ocoloni
al
gover
nment .
 Itwasformedi n1921byJonathanOkwiri 3. TheydefendedAf r
icancultureagai nstfurt
hererosion.
 Itdemandedf orParamountchief
sforCentraland 4. Theyfoughtforthewel far
eofwor kers.
SouthernNyanza 5. Theypubli
cizedAfricansgrievancest ointernat
ionalcommunit
y.
 Kipande,f
orcedlabour,
land,st
atus(r
epresentati
onto
Legisl
ati
veCouncilforNyanzawithanel
ect edpresi
dent
), Fact
orsthatenabl
edt
hemi
ssi
onar
iest
ocar
ryoutt
hei
ract
ivi
ti
esi
n
Titl
eDeedsf ori
ndivi
duall
and. Kenyaby1920

5) UkambaMember
sAssoci
ati
on(
UMA) 1. Constr
ucti
onoftheKeny
aUgandaRail
waymadethei
r
movementeasier
.
2. Pol
it
icalst
abi
l
itywhi
chprov
idedaconduci
veat
mospher
efor

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 39
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
missionar yactiv i
ti
es. 4. Toaddressdi
scri
minati
onint
heeducati
onsyst
em.
3. Lackofst rongopposi ti
onf rom ot herreli
gionsmadet he 5. Toprov
idequali
tyeducat
iont
otheAfr
icans.
Afri
cansacceptChr i
stianityeasi l
y.
4. Est ablishmentofchur ches, school sandheal thcent ers Fact
orsf
ort
heest
abl
ishmentofi
ndependentchur
ches.
attr
actedAf ri
canswhobecameconv ert
s.
5. Tr anslat i
onoft hebi blei nt
ol ocallanguagesenhanced 1. Todevelopwor shippatenswhi chwererel
evanttothei
rneeds.
missionar yactiv i
ti
es. 2. Toavoidbeingdi scr
iminatedagainsti
nthemi ssi
onchurches.
6. Thedi scov eryofqui ninewhi chwasacur eformal aria 3. Topreservetheircultur
alheri
tagewhichwasbei ngthr
eatened
faci
lit
at edmi ssionarywor k. byEuropeanmi ssionary.
7. SomeAf ri
canr ulerswer ef ri
endlyt omi ssi
onar iest herefore 4. Toprovideaforum f orcul
turalact
ivi
ti
es.
theysuppor t
edmi ssionar yact i
vit
ies.
8. Af ri
canconv ertsbecameev angelists,andt husspr eading Resul
tsoft
heest
abl
ishmentofi
ndependentchur
ches.
Christi
ani t
y.
9. UseofSwahi l
iasal anguageofcommuni cation. 1. Afri
cancul turalpracticesandbel iefswereincorpor
atedi
n
10. EastAf ricancommuni tiesincludingKeny alackedwel l church.
organizedpol iti
cal systemst hatwer eabl etor esistmi ssionar
y 2. ItgaveAf ri
cancl ergyanoppor t
uni tyofl
eadershipi
nchur
ch.
work. 3. Acceleratedthespr eadofChr i
stiani t
y.
11. Explorer sreportsaboutt her egion,e.g.H.M.St anley’sreport 4. Mor eAfri
canswer et rainedascler gy.
aboutUganda. 5. Itl
edt otheest ablishmentofi ndependentschool .
12. Christi
ant eachi ngofequal it
y . 6. Itl
edt othef ormat ionofnationalism.
13. Suppor tf r
om thecol oni algov ernment .
Char
act
eri
sti
csofi
ndependentchur
chesandschool
s
Rol
eofcol
oni
zer
sint
hegr
owt
hofChr
ist
iani
tyi
nEastAf
ri
ca.
1. Theywerefoundedbymi ssionaryeducatedAf
ri
cans.
1. Theydi videdAf ri
cani ntospher esofi nfluenceandt hi
sallowed 2. Theytol
erat
edAf r
icancul
tur al
practi
ces.
missionar iest ogetdi fferentar easf orthei rwor k. 3. Theywereagainstpatr
onizingatt
itude.
2. Theypr ov idedsecur ityf orthemi ssionaries. 4. Theyco-
operatedwithearlypoli
ti
cal par
ti
es/Associ
ati
ons.
3. Theyopenedupt heinter i
orandconst ruct edKeny a-Uganda
Rail
waywhi chf acil
it
at edt het ravelofmi ssionaries. Char
acteri
sti
csofi
ndependentchur
chesi
nKeny
adur
ingandaf
ter
4. Theyi nv itedt hemi ssionar ies. i
ndependence.
5. Theymai nt ai
nedl awandor der.
6. Theyi ncl udedt hemi ssi onariesi nthegov er nmentandt hisgave 1. Theyweref or
med/st ar
tedbytheAf r
icans.
them anoppor tunit
yf oragr eat ersay. 2. Theyaccommodat edAfri
cancult
uralv al
uese.g.poly
gamy .
7. Theyf i
nancedt hemi ssi onar i
es. 3. Afri
cansheldseni
orpositi
onsofleadershi
pint hechurches/
8. Theyf oughtsomeAf ricanpr acticesli
kef emal ecircumcision theywereledbyAfri
cans.
andthesemadet hemi ssionar ywor keasi er . 4. Thechurchesworkedcloselywi
thAf r
icanpoli
tical
parties.
9. Col onialat tit
udeofhost il
it
yandoppr essi ont otheAf r
icans
madet hem ( African)tur nt ot hemi ssionar ies. Ot
her
s
10. Communi cationsy stem l aidbyt hegov ernmentmadet hei
r
workeasi er. 1. Theyv al
uedChrist
ianityandwest erneducat i
onbutwere
againstwest
ernizi
ngi nfluencebymi ssi
onaries.
Obj
ect
ivesofChr
ist
ianmi
ssi
onar
yeducat
iondur
ingcol
oni
alt
ime. 2. Member shi
pwaspur elyAf ri
can.
3. Theyadoptedtheuseofdr umsandAf r
icanmusi cal
1. Tot eachAfri
cansbasicli
teracyandnumer acyski
l
ls. i
nstrumentsinthei
rwor ship.
2. Tot eachtheAfricansbet
terfarmingmet hods. 4. Dif
ferenti
ndependentchur chesadoptedspeci al
atti
ref
ort
hei
r
3. Tot rai
nAfri
canasCat echist
s. member s.
4. Tot eachAfri
cansbasictechnicalskil
ls. 5. Theyadopteddoctrinesofmi ssi
onchur ches.
5. Toci vi
li
ze/bettermethodsofhy giene.
I
ndependentchurchesandschool s Pr
obl
emst
heyf
aced

Fact
orsbehi
ndt
hei
remer
gence 1. Host ili
tyfrom colonial governmentandmi ssionar i
es, hencethe
gov ernmentl ookedf ort heslightestoppor t
unitytocl oset hem
1. Theywer eagai nstwester nizati
oni nfluencebyChr i
sti
an down.
mi ssionari
esagai nstAfricanCul t
ur e. 2. Internal wranglesamongf oundermember sforleader ship
2. Inadequat emi ssionaryeducat ion. posi t
ionsandr ecogni t
ion.
3. Col onialdominat i
onandexpl oitation. 3. Inadequat ef undst of i
nancet heiroperati
ons.
4. Theyv iewedEur opeanmi ssionariesascol oni
alagent
s. 4. Themi ssionar i
esunder minedthesei nsti
tuti
onsast heyl ooked
5. Dev inecalli
nghi m bysomeAf ricans. downupont hem.
6. Dissat i
sfacti
onwi t
htheint erpretationoft heBibl
e. 5. Splintergroupsdev elopedandt hishinderedthenecessar y
7. Toaccommodat et r
adit
ional pract i
ces unityamongt hechur ches.
8. Littl
esayi nmi ssionchur ches( pat ernali
sm) . 6. Inadequat et rai
nedper sonneltor untheschool sandchur ches,
l
eadi ngt oinef f
ici
encyandconf usion.
Reasonsf
ort
heest
abl
ishmentofI
ndependentschool
s. 7. Lackedsuppor tfrom fellowAf r
icanswhopr eferredmi ssi
on
school s.
1. Topr ovidemor eeducat i
onopportunit
iesforAfri
cans/To 8. Compet iti
onf rom mi ssion-r
unschool sandchur chesf or
provi
deaddi ti
onal educati
onoppor t
uniti
esforAfri
cans. foll
ower s.
2. Topr eservetheircultur
alher
it
age/v al
ues/I dent
ity 9. For cedt ofollowof f
icialsyll
abusandbecomemember sof
3. Tocr eatejoboppor tuni
ti
esfortheeducat edAfri
cansas Dist r
ictEducat ionBoar d
teachers.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 40
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
nat
ional
i
sm.
I
ndependentchur
chesandschool
sdur
ingcol
oni
alper
iod
Ot
her
s
1. Nomi yaLuoChurchbyJohnOwal o-1910
2. DiniyaRoho(HolySpi
ri
tChurch)-1927 9. Ther eturnofKeny atta-1946andhi sroleofunit
ingthe
3. JorohobyAlfay
oOdongoMango-1932 Kenyans.
4. Christ
ianUni
versal
Evangel
i
cal UnionbyI
shmael
Noah-1938 10. Theroleofi ndependentchur chesandschool s
11. TheMauMauupr i
singforcedt heBrit
ishtoreali
zetheneedf or
Otherl
eader
swer
e:El
i
otKamwana,
Char
lesDomi
ngo&John granti
ngKeny aindependence.
Chil
embwe. 12. Theroleofnat ionalist
sindemandi ngf orconsti
tut
ionalref
orms.
13. Pressurefrom AEMOgr oups.
 KikuyuIndependentschool
sAssociat
ion(KI
SA)was 14. Supportfrom Af ro-Asi
anpeopl eandsol i
dari
tyorganizat
ions
establ
ished-1929. andsocialiststates.
 KikuyuKar i
ng’
aEducati
onalAssoci
ati
on(KKEA)wasal
so 15. Poli
ti
calpar ti
eswer el
egalizedaf t
er1945, whichenhanced
formed- 1930. mobili
zati
onofmassesagai nstcolonialrul
e.Theroleof
i
ndependentchur chesandschool s.
1. I
nCent r
alwehadchur cheslikeGituambaIndependentchur
ch.
2. Mumboi sm ofLuo&Abagusi i-1920’s. NB/Someofthefact
orsareexter
nalwhi
l
eother
sarei
nternal
.
3. Afr
icanIndependentPentecostalChurch.
4. Afr
icanOrthodoxChurch. Char
act
eri
sti
csofpoli
ti
calpart
iesfor
medinKenyaaf
ter1945.

Pr
obl
emsf
acedbyi
ndependentschool
s 1. Theyhadanat ionaloutl
ookasmember shipwasdr awnf rom al
l
part
softhecount ry.
1. Lackoft r
ainedteachers. 2. Thei
rmainobj ecti
vewast of i
ghtfori
ndependence.
2. Shortageoffunds 3. Theywereledbyeducat edel i
tes.
3. Inadequatefacil
i
ties. 4. Theyweremi l
itant.
4. Leadershi
psquabbl es. 5. Theyhadsimilargriev
ancesegdemandedf orfai
rtaxati
on,
5. Threatwithclosurebythecoloni
algov
ernment/host
il
it
yfr
om i
mpr ov
edwor kers’condit
ionsandr et
urnoft heal
ienatedland.
government . 6. Theyhadlargemember ship.
6. Compet i
ti
onf rom col
onialgover
nment. 7. Theywerecloselyli
nkedt oindependentschoolsandchur ches.

Ef
fect
sofmi
ssi
onar
ywor
ki he19thCent
nt ury
. Fact
orsthatunder
minednat
ional
ist
icact
ivi
ti
esi
nKeny
abet
ween
1939-
1963.
1. TheyrepresentedAf ri
cansi ntheLegisl
ati
veCouncil.
2. TheyspreadChr i
sti
anity. 1. I nadequat ef undst or unt hei ractivi
ti
es.
3. TheycondemnedAf ri
canpr acti
cese.g.pol
ygamy . 2. Di sunityamongt heAf r
icannat i
onalistswhichaffected
4. Themi ssi
onar i
esalsocr eatedjobopportuni
ti
es. coordinat i
onandt heirstrengt hagai nstcolonial
i
sm.
5. TheyspreadWest ernEur opeancivi
li
zati
onandeducat i
on. 3. Banni ngofpol i
ti
cal parties, KAUmember shadtooper ateby
6. Theyprovidedmedi cal servi
cesandconst r
uctedhealt
hcenters. hideandseek.
7. Theyabolishedslavet r
ade. 4. Decl arationofst ateofemer gencyunder minedmov ement
8. Theygav eri
set oindependentchur ches. amongmemberandof ficials.
9. Theyimpr ovedagr i
cult
uree. g.wit
hnewcr opsandnewf arming 5. Massi lli
teracy,hencet heci vil
iansdi dnotunderstandand
methods. suppor ttheact iviti
esofKAU.
10.Theyintr
oduct i
onoff ormal /westerneducati
on. 6. Deni alofmassmedi aaccesst opubl i
shandspr eadt heideas
11.Theyalsoledt othelatercolonizat
ionoftheregion. ofthepar t
yt oreachmor epubl i
c.
7. Col onial harassmentf r
ust ratedt heef for
toftheof f
icials.
Poli
ticalOr
gani
zati
onsandmovement saf
ter1945/Fact
orst
hat 8. Ar restanddet ent i
onoft hei rleaderswhi chdemor ali
sedt he
hastenedthest
rugglef
ori
ndependenceaft
er1945. member s.
9. Lackofcooper ationbyal lcommuni tiesassomeev en
1. Thesi gni ngoft heAt lanti
cChar terbyWi nstonChur chil
l-
Briti
sh coll
abor atedwi tht hecol oni al government .
PM &Fr anklinRoosev eltin1941- whichadv ocatedf or 10. Betrayal bythel oy al
ists/home- guards.
i
ndependencef orst ates.
2. Thef ailur eoft hecol onial gov ernmentt or ewar dt heex- soldi
ers Keny
aAf
ri
canSt
udyUni
on(
KASU)
ofWor ldWar2i ncr easedt heagi tationf orindependence.
3. Theexper ienceoft heex- soldi er
soft heWor l
dWar2made  Founded- 1944toassi stMat huEliud,touni t
eKeny anst o
them r eal i
zet hatt heEur opeanswer enotsuper iorhencet hey adv anceAfri
caninterests,consti
tuti
onal r
eformsandi mprove
demandedf orsel f-rul e. wor kingandli
vi
ngcondi t
ionsforAf ri
cans.
4. Independencef orf or merBr i
tishcol oniesl i
keI ndia, Pakistan  ByHar r
yThuku,Khami si.
andGhanai nspi r
ednat i
onal istsinKeny at odemandf or  KASUbecameKAUi n1946.
i
ndependence.  DemandsofKAUi ncl
uded; sel
f-
rule,r
eleasepol it
ical prisoner
s,
5. Acqui sitionofwest erneducat i
onbymanyAf ricansenabl ed mor eseatsforAfri
cansLegi sl
ati
veCounci l
,retur
nAf ricanLand,
them t ounder standpol i
tical dev elopmentati nter nationallevel freeandcompul soryqual i
tyeducat i
on, stoptaxation, stop
andf or cefullydemandf ori ndependence. forcedlabourandbet terwor ki
ngcondi tions.
6. Reali
zat i
onbyBr itaint hatcol oni
eswer eexpensi v et o
admi nist erhencet heneedt ogr antt hem sel f-
rule/r i
set o Rol
esofKAUi
nthest
ruggl
efori
ndependence
poweroft heBr i
ti
shLabourPar t
y .
7. Pan-Af ricanism mov ementi nspiredt henat i
onalist sby 1. I
tunit
edtheKenyans.
suppor t i
ngandencour agingt hem f orindependence. 2. I
tmobili
zedpeopl
eformassmov ement
.
8. TheUNOwasest abl ishedandadv ocatedf orAf rican 3. I
torgani
zedformil
it
aryst
ruggl
e(Maumau)
.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 41
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
4. Moral
andmateri
alsupportt
oMauMauf
ight
ers. vegetablesuppl i
ers.
5. Gui
danceandpol
it
icalgui
detoEl
i
udMat
hu. 11. Ther ef
usal bythecolonialgov
ernmenttolif
tthebanonKAU
tur
nedt heassoci ati
onintoanundergroundmov ementt
of i
ght
HowKAUpr
omot
ednat
ional
ism i
nKeny
abet
ween1944-1953. againstcoloniali
sm.
12. TheAf ri
cansdi sl
ikedtheimposit
ionoftaxesandfor
cedlabour
.
1. I ti
nfluencedcol oni algov ernmentt oincr easeAf rican
represent ati
oni nt hel egisl
ativeCounci l
.  I twasor ganizedbynat i
onal i
stsincludingJomoKeny at
ta,
2. I topenedupbr anchesi nv ari
ouspar tsoft hecount r
yto Ramogi AchiengOneko, FredKubai ,BildadKagi a,Kung’
u
educat eAf ricansont heneedt ouni teagai nstEur opeans. Karumba&Paul Ngeiin1952( TheKapengur i
asix).
3. I tpublishedi t sownpaper‘ Saut iyaMwaf r
ika’topopul ari
zeits  Oat hingwasusedt omakepar ti
cipantst oremai nl
oyal
objectivest hr oughoutt hecount r
y. andhonestandkeept hesecr etsoft hemov ement.Italso
4. I tsuppor tedEl iudMat huwhowasappoi ntedtot he i
nspiredcour age.
l
egislativeCounci l i
nv ar i
ousway s.  Asi ansandAf ricanmer chantspai dpr otecti
onf ee(i
n
5. I tpresent edt hegr i
ev ancesoft heAf ri
cansi ni nter nat
ionalfor
a. Nairobi)
6. I tsuppor tedact i
v it
iesofmaumauf reedom f ight ersbygi v
ing  Duet oescalat i
ngv i
olenceandassassi nati
onofl eading
them mor alandmat erialsuppor t. governmentl oy alist
s.
7. I tprovidedl eader shipf orthenat ionali
sticst r
uggl e. Tom Mbot el
a&War uhi uwaKung’ u,thegov ernorSir
8. I tl
aiddownt hef oundat i
onofKANUwhi chl edKeny ato EvelyneBar i
ngdecl aredst ateofemer gencyon20th
i
ndependence. October1952, andal lthel eadingnat i
onal i
stswer e
9. I torganizedr al l
iesont herightsofAf ricans. arr
est edandj ailedfor7y ears.
10. Ithelddi scussi onswi thcol onialgover nmentaboutKeny a’
s
poli
ticalf ut
ur e. Pr
obl
emsfacedbyMauMauf i
ght ers.
11. Itsuppor tedt r adeUni onswhi chf oughtf ornat ional i
sm.
1. Thefighterslackedsuf fi
cienttranspor tandcommuni cat
ion
Pr
obl
emsf
acedbyKAU. faci
li
ti
es.
2. Coldtemper atureanddi seaseswhi chcausedr espirat
ory
1. BetrayalbysomeAf ri
cansunder minedi t
sact iv
iti
es/wr angl
es probl
emst ot hef i
ghters.
betweenmoder atesandr adicals. 3. Theyfacedat tacksbywi l
dani mals.
2. Insuff
ici
ent/i nadequatefundshamper edi t
sact i
vit
ies. 4. Theyhadashor t
ageoff i
ghti
ngequi pment.
3. Opposi t
ionfrom thecolonial gover
nment/set t
lers. 5. Therewer edivisi
onsamongt hef i
ght ersandleaders.
4. Repressivelawsr estr
ict
edi tsactiv
iti
es. 6. Theylackedco- ordinati
onast hel eader shadnot raini
ngand
5. Arrest/detent i
onofitsleader saft
erthedecl ar
ationofthe thei
racti
v i
ti
eswer edisruptedbyt hecol onial
gov ernment.
stateofemer gencyf r
ustratedi t
smember s. 7. Theyhaddi sjoint
edr ecruit
mentpr ocess.
6. Lackofpr opercommuni cationchannel s. 8. Somewer eforcedhence, notcommi t
ted.
7. Banningoft hepar t
yin1953.
8. Ethnicdivi
sion/f earofdomi nationbylar gercommuni t
ies. Whymaumaul
ast
edf
orl
ong/Whatf
aci
li
tat
edt
heMauMau.
9. Lackofpol i
ticalawarenessduet oill
it
eracy .
1. Oathinguni tedthepeopl eandmadet hem forcommi tted.
Rol
eofTom Mboy
ainKAU. 2. Guer i
l
lawar fareusedbyt hef i
ght ersmadei tdiffi
cultfort he
Brit
ishgov ernmentt ocontaint her ebelli
on.
 Hewast hedirectorofpubli
cityi
n1952andexposedKAU’s 3. Suppor tfrom t heci vi
li
ansf orf ood, weaponsandi nformat i
on.
pol
i
cies. 4. Itwasl edbyabl eleaders.
 Hebecamet hetreasurerofthepartyi
n1953andther
eby 5. Arbadar esandMtKeny af orest spr ovi
dedgoodhi deout sf orthe
mobil
izedf
inancialsupportforKAU. MauMauf ighters.
 HemadeKAUhav eanat i
onaloutl
ook/Revi
tal
i
zedKAU. 6. Adequat eweaponswhi chhel pedt hem tocont i
nuef ighting.
7. Someoft hef i
ght erswer eex- serv i
cemenandt heywer eabl et o
MAUMAU
applythei rmi l
itaryexperiencef rom the1stand2ndwor ldwar s.
Causes
8. Themov ementr eceivedmat erialandmor alsupportf r
om
IndependentAf ri
cancount ries.
1. Fai lureoft hecol onial governmentt oful
fillthei rpromi sest othe
wor ldwarv eter anse. g.empl oyment .
Resul
ts
2. Lossofi ndependencebyAf ri
canst oEuropeans.
3. Ther ewasgr owi ngunempl oy mentanddet erior at
ingcondi t
ions
1. Humandeat hs/Lossofhumanl i
v es.
ofAf ricanwor ker sespeci all
yintowns.
2. Af ri
canswer earrested,detainedandi njured.
4. Af ricansr eact edt ot heoppr essionbycol oni al chi
efsandpol i
ce.
3. At tr
actedt heattent i
onofinternat
ional communi t
y,hence
5. Bi tternessamongAf ri
cansduet olandal i
enat i
onwhi chpushed
pushedf orindependent
them t ocr owdi nr eservesassquat t
ers.
4. Speededupnat ionalism.
6. Ref usal byt hecol onial governmentt ograntt hem pol it
ical
5. Powerandi nfl
uenceofset t
lerswasr educed.
reforms.
6. Dest ructionofpr operty.
7. Di scr i
mi nat i
oni nt hepr ovi
sionofsoci alser vices.
7. St ri
ctrulesbygov ernmentt ocontrolactivit
iesofAfrican
8. Thepol iceshoot ingonUpl andsBaconFact or ywher et he
poli
ti
cal parti
eswer eputinplace.
wor ker swer eonst r
ike,kil
li
ngandwoundi ngsome, thus
8. Est abli
shmentofconcent r
ation/det entioncamps.
causi ngdi scont ent .
Agikuyu,Aembu&Amer uwer eevacuatedf rom Nairobi,hence
9. TheOl engur uoneepi sodeof1949whi char oseasar esul tof
theybecamebi tter.
squat ters’ probl em.Thesquat tersoccupy i
ngt heschemewer e
9. Decl arati
onofst at eofemer gencybyt hecol onialgovernment.
evictedandt akent oYat t
a,asemi -
ari
dar ea, thuscausi ngal ot
10. I
tcement edAf r
icanuni t
y.
ofdi scont entamongt heAf r
icans.
10. Thecl osur eofav eget ablefactoryatKarat i
nacausedf urther
NB/Theci vil
i
anssuppl iedfoodtot hefighters,suppli
edinf or
mation
discont entasi tledt ounempl oymentandl ossofr evenuet othe

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 42
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
andgav
emor
alsuppor
t.
 FormedinMarch27th,1960byf
ormerl
eader
sofKAU
 Theypressedf
orr
eleaseofJomoKenyat
taandi
ndependence
Methodsusedbyt
hecol
onialgov
ernmentt
odi
scour
aget
he
act
ivi
ti
esoftheMauMau.

1. Arrest ing/det aini

ngt heact iv i
stsincamps. Keny
aAf
ri
canDemocr
ati
cUni
on(
KADU)
2. Armedf orcestosuppr esst hemov ement.
3. Kil
li
ng/execut ingt heact i
v i
sts. I
twasfor
medinJune1960byRonal
dNgal
a,Dani
elMoi
,Masi
nde
4. Usedt r
ait
ors/spi est orev eal hidi
ngplacesofthefi
ghter
s. Mul
ir
o&Just
usOleTipi
s
5. Burni ng/dest roy i
ngofhousesoft heactiv
ist
s/Scorched
earth Rol
esofKADUi
nthest
ruggl
efori
ndependence.
policy
6. Keepi ngt hem inconcent rationcampst ocurt
ailt
hei
r 1. Itunit
edt hesmallercommuni ti
esinKeny a.
mov ement . 2. Iteducated/ mobi
l
izedAf r
icansagainstcoloni
aldomini
on.
7. Banni ngtheKeny aAf r
icanUni on(KAU) . 3. Itpressedf ort
hereleaseofJomoKeny atta.
8. Cl osi ngdownt hei ndependentschool s. 4. Itparti
cipatedint
hedr awingupofthei ndependence
9. St ateofemer gencywasdecl ared/Curfews. constituti
on.
10. Tortur ingMauMauf i
ght ers.
Af
ri
canPeopl
esPar
ty(
APP)
Rol
esofpol
it
icalpar
ti
esi
nthest
ruggl
efori
ndependence.
I
twasfor
medaftert
heLancast
erHousebyPaul
Ngei
toaddr
ess
1. Theymobi li
zedmasssuppor tfort henat i
onali
st s. Akambai
nter
est
s.
2. Theyuni tedthefreedom fight ers.
3. Theypr eparednat i
onali
stswhower etot akeov erleadershi p Tr
adeUni
ons
aft
erindependence.
4. Theypr ov i
dedmor alandmat er i
alsuppor tfortheMauMau I
tst
art
edi
nKeny
aaf
ter1914t
oimpr
ovet
hewor
ker
s’wel
far
e
fi
ghters.
5. Theypr esentedgrievancesofAf r
icansini nter
nat i
onalfor a. Whyt
radeUni
onswer
enotf
ormedi
nKeny
aby1914
6. Theypr essurizedforconstitutional changeswhi chhastened
i
ndependence. 1. Afr
icanswer edeni edt
heoppor t
unit
ybythecoloni
al
7. Theycr eatedawar enessamongt heAf r
icansont hei
rright s. administ
rators.
8. Theypr essurizedforthereleasebypol i
ticalpr
isoner s. 2. Theyhadl owpur chasi
ngpower .
9. Theypar tici
patedinthedraf ti
ngofi ndependenceconst itution 3. Theywerescat tered,t
huscouldnotcomet oget
her.
atLancast erHouseConf erence. 4. Wageear ninglabourerswer
ef ew.
5. Thereweref ewel i
testopr
ovideleader
ship.
Gr
iev
ancesofAf
ri
cansaf
ter1945
Rol
esofTr
adeUni
onsi
nst
ruggl
eforI
ndependent
1. Landal i
enat ionbyt hecol oni al gov ernment .
2. For cedl abouront hewhi t
eset tlers’farms. 1. Theyor ganizedst ri
kesandboy cot t
stoopposet hepol i
ciesof
3. Kipandesy stem whi chr estrictedt heAf ri
canmov ement. thecolonial government .
4. Raci aldiscr i
mi nationi nall spher esofl i
fe 2. Theypr ovidedr el
evantt r
aini
nggr oundf orpot entialnat
ional
ist
5. Interferencewi thAf ricanscul ture. l
eaders.
6. Poorsoci alserv i
cesespeci al l
yi nt heAf r
icanareaslike 3. Theycont ributedmoneyt opoli
ti
cal partiesandenabl edthem
reser ves. tosustaint hest r
uggleforindependence.
7. Pay mentoft axeswhi chwascol l
ectedwi thalotofforceand 4. Theysensi tizedwor kersontheimpor tanceofj oiningpoli
ti
cal
brut al
ity. part
iest hatst r
uggledforindependence.
8. Lackofpol iti
cal r
epr esent ationi nt heLegi sl
ati
veCounci lfort
he 5. Theyfil
ledt hev acuum createdbyt hepr oscripti
onofpol i
ti
cal
Africans. part
iesin1952.
9. Poorwagesandwor kingcondi t
ionsf orthewor kersast hey 6. Theymobi li
zedpeopl etosuppor tnationaliststruggle.
wor kedf orlongerhour sforl it
tlepay . 7. TheymadeKeny a’
ssi t
uati
onber ecogni zedabr oad.
10. Dest ocki ngpol icywhi chfor cedt heAf ri
canst oreducethe
numberoft heirli
vest ock. Met
hodsusedbyt
radeuni
onst
odemandf
ort
hei
rri
ght
s.
11. Har assmentbycol oni aladmi nistrators.
1. Str
ikes
WhyBri
tai
nchangedherat
ti
tudet
owar
dscol
oni
zat
ionofKeny
a 2. Boycotts.
bet
ween1945-
1960. 3. Goslows/si t
-i
ns.
4. Demonst r
ati
ons.
1. ElectionoflabourpartyinBri
taini
n1945, asignofevaporat
ion 5. Peti
tions/memoranda
/dev elopmentofimperialspi
ri
t.
2. Dev elopmentofnat i
onali
stunrestafterworldwar2. WhyTr
adeUni
onswer
emor
eact
ivei
nUr
bant
hanr
ural
3. Outbr eakofMauMau.
4. RiseofUSSR&USA, whower eagainstcolonial
ism. 1. Moremoneyandwagel abourwasint owns.
5. Gaini ngofindependentbyIndia1947andChi na-1957. 2. Easymobil
izationsincetheywerel
ivinginlargenumbers.
6. Coloni ali
sm pr
ovedexpensive. 3. Leader
shi
pbyeducat edintowns
7. Format i
onoftradeunionsandpol i
ti
cal part
iesinKenya. 4. Massmediaf acil
it
iesintownshencemor epoli
ti
calawar eness
5. Mosteconomi c,social
andpoli
ti
calinjusti
cesweresuffer edby
Keny
aAf
ri
canNat
ionalUni
on(
KANU) towndwell
ers.
6. Towndwellerswer emixeduphencenol anguageorcul
t ur al

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 43
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
barri
ers. 6. Theyactedasspi esforthef r
eedom f i
ghters.
7. Rurallabourwasscat
ter
edunl
i
kei
ntownswher
eitwas 7. Theytookpartinoathing/t heyadmi ni
steredoathsofsecrecy
.
concentrated. 8. Theykepttheirhomesi ntactasmencont inuedwit
ht he
str
uggle.
Pr
obl
emsf
acedbyTr
adeUni
ons 9. Theyenduredpainandsuf fer
inginfl
ict
edbyt hecolonial
gover
nmentf orthesakeofl i
berat
ion.
1. Harassmentbywhi chsettl
ersandcolonialgov
ernment.
2. I
thadi nsuf
fi
cientfundstorunitsact
ivit
ies. Const
it
uti
onalchangesl
eadi
ngt
oindependence1954-
1963.
3. Const antwranglesamongl eaderswhichweakenedthe
mov ement . 1. Litt
let onconst i
tut i
onof1954l edt ot heappoi ntmentoft he1st
4. I
gnor anceofthepeopl eont herol
eoftradeunionsandhence Africanmi nisterandnomi nat i
onofot herAfricanl eaderstot he
di
dnotsuppor tit. Legi slati
veCounci l.
2. 1957, wehadt he1stal lracesel ectionsandAf r
icanswer e
Causesoft
he1947Af
ri
canwor
ker
sst
ri
kei
nMombasa. elect edint he8const ituenci es.
3. LenoxBoy dconst i
tutiongav emor eseat st otheAf ri
cansf r
om
1.Ther
ewasunequalpaymentofsalar
iesandwages. 8t o14member s.Fort he1stt ime, mor eAfricanswer eelected
2.Ther
ewer
ePoorwor ki
ngconditi
ons. tothel egislati
v eCounci l.
3.Ther
ewashi
ghr at
eofinfl
ati
on.
4. The1stLancast erHouseconf erenceof1960gav eAf ri
cans
4.Ther
ewasdi
srespectofAfr
icanworkers.
mor eseat si nthel egCo.Af ricanr epr esentationi ncreasedfrom
14t o33member s.
Af
ri
canWor
ker
sFeder
ati
on(
AWF)
5. In1960, stat eofemer gencywasl i
ftedandAf ricanswer e
all
owedt of orm count rywi depol it
ical part
ies.KANUandKADU
I
tsdemands
wer ef ormed.
6. The2ndLancast erHouseConf erenceof1962dr ewt he
1. Sal
aryfai
rnessforal
lraces
i
ndependenceconst it
ut i
onandKeny awast obecomea
2. Respectf
orAf r
icanworker
s
maj imbo/f eder alstat e.
3. Suff
ici
entall
owances
4. Shortworki
nghour 7. In1961, the1stGener al elect i
onswer eheldandKANUwor nbut
refusedt ofor m gov ernmentunt i
l t
her el
easeofJomoKeny att
a.
Keny
aFeder
ati
onofl
abour(
KFL) 8. KANUandKADUf ormedacoal i
tiongov er
nmentwi thNgalaand
Keny attaast het wol eader sofGov ernment .
 Afterstateofemer gencyin1960,manywor ker
swer edepor
ted 9. June1963, Keny aat tainedi ndependencewi thKeny at
taast he
 Tradeuni onsther
eforejoi
ned/ mergedtoKFRTU( Kenya 1stPr imeMi nister.
FederationofRegisteredTradeUnions)
Ly
ttel
tonconst
it
uti
on-1954
 1953,itwasj oi
nedbyKeny alocal
gov ernmentwor kersuni
on
(KLGWU) ,wi
thTom Mboy aasGener alSecr
etary
.
I
tpr
oposed/Ref
orms:
 I
n1955, itwaschangedt oKFL
1. Establ i
shmentofamul ti
-racialcounci lofmi nisters
TheTr
adeUni
onst
hatj
oinedt
ofor
mtheK.F.L.
represent i
ngthet hreer aces.
2. Thebanonf ormat i
onsofpol it
ical part
iesbyAf ricanswasl i
ft
ed
1.Tr
ansportandAl l
iedWorkersunion.
ast heywer enowal lowedatdi stri
ctlev el.
2.Tail
ors,TentandSailmakersandGar mentWorker
sUni
on.
3. B.A.Ohangawasappoi ntedt hef ir
stAf ricanmi nisterfor
3.LocalGov ernmentWorkersUnion.
Communi t
ydev el
opment&Af ricanaf f
ai rs.
4.NightWat chmen,ClubsandShopsWor ker
sUnion.
4. Eachr acetoelecttheirownr epr esentat i
v etot heLegi sl
ati
ve
5.DomesticandHot el
WorkersUnion.
Counci l
/elect
ionofei ghtAf ricanst ot hel egislativeCouncil
.
6.EastAfri
canFeder at
ionofBuil
dingandConst
ructi
onWorker
s
5. Establ i
shmentofanadv i
sor ycounci l
todi scussgov ernment
Union.
policies.
6. Elect i
onsoncommonr ollbasis/Thegov er
nmentpr ovi
dedfor
Rol
eofwomeni
nst
ruggl
efori
ndependence
electionsof8Af r
icanst ot heLegi slat
iveCounci l
.
7. Asy stem ofAfri
canel ect ionst obedoneev eryt woy ear
s.
 Pr ophet essMor aai nKi tutu.
 Sy otumewaKi thukeofUkambani usedKi lumedance. Resul
tsoft heLy tt
eltonconst it
ution
 Mekat il
il
iwaMenzal edt heAgi ri
ama1913.
 Mar yMut honi f
oughtf orreleaseofHar r
yThuku-1922. 1. AnExecut i
v eCounci lwasr eplacedbymul ti-r
acial counci
lof
 Independentchur chesandschool swer eest abli
shedbywomen mi nister s
toadv ocat efort hewel fareofAf r
icanse. g.Legi oMar i
a. 2. Ei ghtAf ricanmember scoul dbeel ect edtoLegCo.
3. Cer tainpr oper tyqualifi
cationandot hereducat i
onal
Cont
ri
but ionofwomen requi rement swer especi fi
edf orAfricancandi dat es.
4. Mul ti-racial el
ectionswer eallowed.
1. Theyt ookpar tint hear medr esistancewher esomeoft hem 5. Ther ewer esepar ateelectoralroll
sf orAf r
icans, whitesand
wer el eader se.g.Mar shall Mut honi . Asi ans.
2. Theyr aisedf undsf orsuppor ti
ngpol i
ticalact i
vit
ies. 6. Eur opeanswer egi venmor eseatsint heLegCo.148- Af
s,3
3. Theypr ov i
dedmor alsuppor ttot hef reedom f ighter
stogoon Hindus, 3Musl ims, 1Ar abs.
wi ththef ight. 7. Ther ewer e29el ectoralmember sasopposedt o30, nominated
4. Theydemandedf orther eleaseoft hedetai ned/ar rested member s.
freedom f i
ght erslikeHar r
yThuku. 8. Gov ernmental lowedAf r
icanst oform pol i
ticalpar t
ies.
5. Theysuppl i
edar msandf oodt ot hef reedom f ighter
si nthei
r 9. Itest abl i
shedadv isorycounci lt
odi scussgov ernmentpol i
cies
hideout s. 10. 1957el ectionswer eheldin8const ituenci
es.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 44
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
11. Af
ri
canEl
ect
edMember
sOr
gani
zat
ionwasf
ounded. counci
lofmi
nist
ers,
andAf
ri
cangov
ernment
.

NB/Thef ormati
onofamul t
i-
raci
algov
ernment
/soci
etywasal
l
owed. Agreement s/Out come
(MAIN)
1. Al ladultsabov e40yearswer eall
owedtov ote.
Foundermember sofAEMO 2. TheLegCowasexpandedt o65member s.
3. 4/ 12member sofcouncilwereAfri
cans(a3rd).
1. Dani elAr
apMoi . 4. Af ri
canswer eall
owedt oform pol
iti
cal
parties.
2. Masi ndeMul i
ro 5. TheBi l
lofrightswouldbei ncl
udedintheconst i
tut
ion
3. Lawr enceOgut a 6. Al lpropert
yt akenbyEuropeanswoul dbecompensat ed.
4. JamesMui mi /JamesNzau
5. Tom Mboy a 2ndLancasterhouseConf erence-1962
6. Ronal dNgala
7. Benar dMate Itwasconv enedon12thFe-1962t odrawani ndependence
8. Ogi ngaOdinga consti
tuti
onandr econcil
eKANU&KADU.
DemandsofAEMO I
tspr
ovi
sions
1. Itdemandedf oramaj ori
tyel ectedAfri
canrepr
esentat
ioninthe 1. Thecount rywast obedi v i
dedi nto6r egionswi thanassembl y
Legislati
v eCouncil
. foreach.
2. Thatev eryAf r
icanof21y earsandabov ebeallowedtovote 2. ThePar l
iamentwast ohav e2chamber s–senat eandhouseof
regardlessofeducat i
onori ncome. represent atives
3. Theydemandedt hatregistrati
onofv ot
erstobedoneon 3. ThePostofpr imemi ni
st erasheadofgov er nmentwascr eated.
commonr oll
/universalsuf fr
age. 4. Gov ernorGener al wast obeheadofst ateandcommanderi n-
4. Theycal ledforanendt ot hest ateofemergency. chiefforar medf orces.
5. Theydemandedt heKeny ahi ghlandstobeopenedtoallraces. 5. El ecti
onswer et obehel daf ter5y ears, withr equirement sfor
voterorcandi dat edef i
ned.
RolesofAf ri
canel ectedmember sofpar liamentdur i
ngt hest ruggl
e 6. Theconst itutioncoul donl ybeamendedbyatl east2/ 3maj ori
ty
forindependencei nKeny a.(AEMO) i
nt heHouseofRepr esent atives( 2thirds) .
7. TheMonar chhadspeci al power swhi chsheexer cisedthrough
1. Theydemandedf ort her eleaseofdet ained/imprisoned gov er
norgener al.
Afri
cannat ionalists. 8. Cent r
al LandBoar dwasf ormedt ohandl el andi ssues.
2. Theynet wor kedwi t
hPan- Af ricanist
st ohastenthe 9. I tprovidedf ort hepr otect i
onoft hemi noriti
es’ ri
ght s.
achiev
ementofi ndependence. 10. Itcreatedani ndependentandi mpar tialjudi ciary.
3. Theyai red/pr esent edAf ricangr ievancesi nint
ernationalfora. 11. ItcreatedCommi ssi
onsi nchar geofv ariousr esponsi bil
i
ties.
4. Theyf or medpol i
tical parties/mov ement stodemandf or 12. Itcontainedadet ail
edbi llofr i
ght s.
i
ndependence/r ightsofAf r
icans. 13. Keny awast ohav eamul ti
-partysy stem, withKANUandKADU
5. Theypopul ar i
zedKeny atta, t
her ebymaki nghim accept abl
easa formingacoal i
tiongov ernment .
nati
onal l
eader .
6. Theyt ookpar tint hewr i
tingoft heindependenceconst it
ution Asi
ansi nvolvedi nt hest ruggl ef orindependencei nKeny a.
duri
ngt he2ndLancast erhouseconf erence.
7. Theyenl i
ght ened/educat edt heAf ricansont heneedt o 1. A.M.Jev anj ee
str
ugglef orindependence. 2. Pi oGamaPi nto
8. Theyadv ocat edf orincr easedAf r
icanr epresent
ationi nthe 3. M.A.Desai
Legisl
ativeCounci l. 4. MakhanSi ngh

NB/Part
iesi
nKeny
abetween1960-
1963wer
eKANU,KADU,
APP
LennoxBoy
dConst
it
uti
on-
1958 (
Afr
icanPeopl
e’
sPart
yandNKP(NewKenyaPar
ty)

 I
nOct .1957,
Boydr epl
acedLy t
tel
tonbef
orehevisitedKenya-
withrecommendati
ons *
LATESTHI GHSCHOOLNOTES*
 Specialmember
shipt ol
eg-co4f r
om eachraceelectedby *
0714497530*( MrI saboke)
othermemberstoLegCo. Mat hsf orm 1- 4
 ThenumberofAf r
icanmi ni
ster
swast obedoubled. Englishf orm 1- 4
ki
swahi l
ifor m 1- 4
Resul
tsofLennoxBoy
dconst
it
uti
on. chemi stryf orm 1- -
4
Biologyf orm 1- 4
1. Afri
canel
ectedmember swer eincr
easedfrom 8to14. Physi csf or m 1- -
4
2. Therewastobeel ecti
onof14Af ri
canstotheLegCo,not Agricul turef or m 1--
4
repr
esent
ingtheconst i
tuencies. Businessf orm 1- -4
3. Sett
ingacommi ssiontor ev
iewandr ecommendedt he Cref or m 1- -4
aboli
ti
onofraci
stlaws. Histor yf orm 1- -4
4. Thecouncil
ofmi nist
erswasenl argedto16. Comput erf orm 1- -
4
5. Afri
canswereall
owedt of orm nati
onwidepoli
ti
calpar
ti
es. Geogr aphyf orm 1- -
4
Homesci encef 1--
4
1stLancast
erHouseConf
erence-
1960 I.
R.Est udiesf 1-4
Frenchnot es
 I
tdemandedf
or‘
one-
man,
one-
vot
e,wi
thAf
ri
canmaj
ori
tyi
n Setbooksgui des
Primar yschoolnot es

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 45
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
KCSETopi cals TOM MBOYA
*CPA*tuiti
oning
Updated* CPA,CIFAATD*KASNEBnot es 1. Hewasbor non15/ 08/ 1930i nThi ka
Updated*CPS, CICT,
ATD*KASNEBNot es 2. Hemar r
iedi n1953and1961
Updated* ICT,IT,
ACCA,CFA*notes 3. I n1952, Keny aLocal Gov ernmentWor kersUni on( KLGWU)was
Forextradingguidance formedandhebecamei t
sact i
ngt reasurer.
*CCTV*install
ation&Networki
ngserv
ices 4. Hecondemnedcol onial injust i
cesi nKeny a.
Onli
neserv i
ces 5. I nOct -1953, hewasel ect edt heSecr etaryofKeny aFederation
*_Allt
hemat erial
sar ei
nsoftcopyandwe' l
lupdated ofRegi st eredTr adeUni on( KFRTU)&KFL.
Text/cal
lorWhat sApp*0714497530togetyourcopy_* 6. I n1957, hef or medt heNai r obi Peopl e’sConv ectionPar ty
*ht
tps:/
/wa.me/ 254714497530* (NPCP)t of ightf orKeny a’si ndependence.
7. I n1957, AEMOwasf or medwi thhi m assecr etary .
8. I n1958, hej oinedot hernat i
onal istst orejectt heLenoxBoy d
const i
tution.
9. I n1958, her epr esentedKeny aatt hePAFMECA( Pan-Afri
can
Freedom Mov ementofEastandCent ralAfrica)i nGhanawher e
colonialism wascondemned.
10. Heaf fili
at edKFRTUt ot heint ernat ionalconf eder ati
onofFr ee
TradeUni ons( I
CFTU)i nUSAandt heBr it
ishTr adeUni oni
sm,
thusst rengt heni ngTr adeuni onism t husst rengt heningTr ade
LI
VES&CONTRI
BUTI
ONSOFKENYANLEADERS unionism i nKeny awhi chf oughtf orAf ri
canRi ghts.
11. In1959, heboy cot t
edt heLegi slativeCounci landdemandedf or
JomoKeny
att
a1892-
1978 aconst i
tut ional
confer ence.
 Hewor nasKamauNgegi i
n1892i nGatundu-Ki
ambu. 12. 1960, heat tendedt he1stLancast erHouseConf erence.
 Hewasbapt i
zedasJohnstonein1914,aft
ercircumcisionin 13. Hewasamongt hefoundermember sofKANU, withhim as
1913. secretaryi n1960.
 Hewor eMaasaibel
twit
hor namentcall
edKinyatta. 14. Hepr essedf ort hereleaseofJomoKeny attaandot her
 From 1924,
hedevel
opedinteresti
npoli
ti
calactivi
ti
esof detainees.
JamesBeaut t
ahandJosephKang’ethe. 15. 1962, attendedt he2ndLancast erhouseConf erence.
 I
n1927, hebecamesecret
aryofKikuyuCentralAssociati
on. 16. 1957, wasel ect edMPf orNai robi .
17. Hedev elopedt hesoci al,economi candpol iti
cal mast erplan
Hi
srol
eint
hest
ruggl
efori
ndependencei
nKeny
a. ‘
sessi onal paperNO.10’ i
n1965.
18. Hewasshor tdeadon05/ 07/ 1969byNahashonNj enga
1. Hewasoneoft hef oundermember sofKCAwhi chf oughtfor outsideachemi stalongMoi Avenue.
rightsofAf ricansi nKeny a.
2. St artedKCAnewspaper‘ Mui gui t
hani a’inwhi chhet alkedabout Hi
srol
esi
nthedev
elopmentoft
radeuni
onmov
ementi
nKeny
a.
thegr ievancesoft heAf ri
cans.
Lat erhedi ditinhi sbook- facingMt -Keny a. 1. Hewasi nstr
ument alint hef ormat ionoft r
adeuni onmov ement.
3. Dur inghi sst udyi nBr i
tain-1929- 46, hepr esent edthepl i
ght 2. Heser v edasal eaderi nt radeuni onor ganizationbothlocal
ly
Af ri
cansi nKeny ai nmanyi nter national meet i
ngs. andint ernati
onally.
4. Hebecamepr esidentofKAUi n1947andt ransf ormedi tint
oa 3. Heor gani zedprot ests/demonst rationsagai nstthear r
estand
masspar ty
. har
assmentoft radeuni onmember s/wor kers.
5. I n1961, electedi ntoLegCoandat t
empt edtor econcileKANU& 4. Heliaisedwi thinter national tr
adeuni onorgani zat
ionswherehe
KADU. gai
nedknowl edge/exper i
enceofr unni ngt r
adeuni ons.
6. 1962, l
edKANUdel egatet oLancast erHouseConf erencet o 5. Hesol icitedforfundst of inancet heact ivi
ti
esoft radeunion
wor koni ndependenceconst itution. mov ementi nKeny a.
7. 1963, el
ectionsear nedhi m postof1stPm 6. Heor gani zedtradeuni oncour ses/semi narsi nvari
ousparts
8. HewasAf r
icanspokesmanandr epr esentat
iv e. ofthecount rytoeducat ehewor ker s/l eaders.
9. Hemobi l
izedandat t
endedconf erencesf orKeny anAf r
icans. 7. Heagi tatedf orbet terterms/condi t
ionsf orwor kers.
10. Heor ganizedpol i t
ical campai gnsandmeet ings. 8. Heat tendedcour sesoni ndustrialrelationsabr oadwher ehe
11. Hebecamet st
he1 pr esidentofKeny aon12/ 12/1964. gai
nedknowl edgeonl abourr elati
ons.

Pr
obl
emsofKeny
ansatI
ndependence Ronal
dGi
deonNgal
a

1. SplitwithinKANUduet ohispol i
cyonlandashecompr omised 1. Ngal awasbor n1923atGat ar
i-
Giriama( Kil
if
iDistrict
).
witht hewhites. 2. In1943, hebecameamemberoft heCoastAf r
icanAssoci at
ion
2. Keny adidnothav eenoughf undsf ordevel
opment. throughwhi chheexpr essedthepr obl
emsandhopesoft he
3. Pov erty,
ignoranceanddiseasewer easeri
ousprobl
em. Mijikendapeopl e.
4. Shor t
ageofmanpower . 3. Heal somobi l
izedtheMi ji
kendaint oformingpr essuregroup
5. Poort ransportandcommuni cati
onnetwork. calledtheMi ji
kendaUni on,thr
oughwhi chtheypr essuri
zedfor
6. Existenceofbandi t
ry(shif
termenace)i nNort
hEasternFront
ier theirgrievancest obehear dbythecol onialgov
er nment .
Distri
ctKeny aalsoshift
edat tent
ionfr
om economic 4. In1955, hef ormedMADU( MombasaAf r
icanDemocr ati
cUnion)
dev el
opment . whi chagi tat
edf ori
ndependence.
7. Politi
calassassinat
ionsofPi oGamaPi nt
oin1965,Tom Mboy a 5. In1957, Ngal awasel ectedtoLegCof orCoastrur al
i
n1969andJ.M.Kar i
uki i
n1975posedachal l
engetohis const i
tuency ,thepositionheusedt oairoutthepr oblemsof
regime. thecoast alcommuni t
ies.
6. Hebecamet reasurerofAEMO, andpr essuri
zedf or
const i
tutional refor
msf ortheAf r
icans.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 46
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
7. Hej oi nedbyMboy atheywentt oLondont opr essfor 16. 1964, hebecamet heVi cePr esidentofKeny a.
constituti
onal reforms. 17. 1969, hewasputunderhousear r
estbyKeny atta’
sgov er
nment
8. I n1958, Hebecamet hemi nisterforl
abour ,soci alsecurit
yand f
ollowi ngvi
olenceinKi sumuwhenKeny at t
awentt oopen
adulteducat i
on. NyanzaPr ovinci
alHospi tal.
9. Hepar t
ici
patedi n1stLancast erHousewhi chgav eAfri
cans 18. 1982, hewasexpel l
edf rom KANU
moreseat sinlegCo. 19. I
n1991, heformedFor um f orRestorati
onofDemocr acy(FORD)
10. In1960, heref usedpostofTr easurerwhenKANUwasf ormed. 20. ThePar t
yspli
tandher emai nedinK-(Ford-Keny a)
11. Hewasaf oundermemberofKADUwhi chadv ocatedf or 21. I
n1992, helosttoMoi aspr esidenti
alcandi date.
Majimboatt he1stLancasterHouseconf erence. 22. Hewast heMPf orBondoandt heoppositi
onl eadertil
lhis
12. In1961, Hebecamet hemi nisterforeducat i
onandl eaderof deathi n1994.
governmentbusi ness. 23. I
n1990, hesuccessfull
yagi tatedforreturnofmul ti
-parti
es.
13. Heat tendedt he2ndLancast erHouseConf erencei n1962wher e
hepr essedf orr egionalgover nmentwhi l
eKANUopt edf ora Dani
elTor
oit
ichar
apMoi(
KAPKORI
OS)
str
onguni t
arygov ernment.
14. In1964, ledKADUmember st odissolveandj oinKANU. 1. Hewasbor n02/09/1924i nKur i
engw’ oi nBar i
ngo
15. Hedi edi nanacci dentonMombasaNai robi roadi n1972. 2. I n1955, hewasnomi nat edt oLegCof orRi ftvalleyaf ter
OleTamenor esigned
Hi
scont
ri
but
iont
othest
ruggl
efori
ndependencei
nKeny
a. 3. I n1957, hewasel ectedMPf orR.Val ley .
4. I n1959, hewast he1stAf ri
canleadert ov isitKeny at tain
1. Hemobi lizedt heMi j
i
kendaont of ormingapr essur egroup-The pri
son- Lodwar .
Miji
kendaUni on. 5. I n1962, hepar ticipatedi n2ndLancast erhouseconf erence.
2. AsamemberofAEMO, hepr essurizedformor econst i
tut
ional 6. I n1960-hewaschai rmanofKADU
ref
ormsf orAf r
icans. 7. I n1961-Hebacamet hemi nisterforeducat ion
3. In1955, hemobi l
izedpeopl ef r
om Mombasat of orm Mombasa 8. I n1963, MPf orBar i
ngoNor thandpr esi dentofRi ftv all
ey
Afr
icanDemocr ati
cUni on. regional Assembl y
4. Hewasi nst r
ument ali
nt hef ormat i
onofKADUt odef endt he 9. I n1964, heiniti
at eddi ssol vi
ngofKADUt ojoi nKANU
i
nterestsoft hemi nori
tyAf r
icangr oupsagai nstpossi bl
e 10. In1966,hewasel ectedasKANUVPf orRi ftv all
ey
dominationbyKANU.Hebecamet hepr esi
dentoft heparty. 11. In1967-hebecamet heVP
5. HeandMboy aledt heAf r
icandel egati
onwhi chat tendedt he2nd 12. In1968, hebecamel eaderofGov er nmentbusi ness.
LancasterHouseConf erencet odi scussthei ndependence 13. In1978-hebecamepr esident.
consti
tution. 14. Afterwi nning1979el ect i
ons, hetour edal l par t
soft he
6. Hesuppor tedandcal l
edf orthereleaseoft hedet ained count r
yt or econci leKeny ans.
nati
onalists. 15. Heexpandededucat i
onal f
acil
iti
esi nthecount r
y ,
7. InMay1963, KADUunderNgal af ormedt he1sti ndependence changingt heeducat i
onal system from 7: 4:2:3t o8: 4:4in
government . 1984.
16. Hest artedt heNy ay oPhi losophyofPeace, Lov e&Uni ty.
Jar
amogiOgi
ngaAj
umaOdi
nga 17. Her eti
redaspr esidenti n2002-af terel ectionswonby
Kibakiagai nstMoi ’
schoi ce-Uhur uKeny atta.
1. Hef or medt heLuoThr i
ftandTr adi ngCo- oper ativewhi chwas
regist eredin1947.HeusedAchi engOneko’ spaper ,Ramogi to Hisrol
esi
neducat
iondev
elopmenti
nKeny
abet
ween1979and
promot etheact i
v i
t i
esoft heLuoThr i
ftandTr adingCo- 2002.
oper at i
v eandpr intant i-gov ernmenti nfor mat ion.
2. I n1950, heat tendedaKAUmeet ingi nKi sumuwher ehe 1. I
ntroducti
onof8-4-
4sy stem ofeducat
ion.
discussedaboutpol iti
cal ev entsi nt hecount ry. 2. I
ntroducti
onofschoolmi l
k/f eedi
ngprogrammei
n1979.
3. Hel inkedupwi thKeny attawher eheagr eedt hatt heLuoand 3. Expansionofpri
mary/secondar yschools.
theAgi kuy uwoul dwor ktoget her . 4. I
ncreaseofpubli
cuniversity
.
4. I n1953, hetrav elledt oI ndiawher ehemetJ.P.Nehr u.Hewas 5. Expansionofter
ti
aryi
nstituti
ons.
arrest edwhenhecamebackbutl at errel eased. 6. I
ntroducti
onofcost-
sharingineducati
on.
5. I n1957el ection, hewasel ectedt ot heLegCot or epresent
Ny anza. Thechal
lengeshef
acedaspr
esi
dent
.
6. Wi thot herel ectedmember s,theyf ormedt heAf r
icanEl ect ed
Member sOr gani zation( AEMO) . 1. Theat tempt edmi li
tarycoupof1stAug, 1982.
7. Hedemandedf ort her eleaseoft hedet ainedpol i
ticalleader s 2. Const antcr i
ti
cism overhisonePar t
ystateofgov er
nance.
andl i
ftingoft hest at eofemer gency . 3. Freezi ngofdonorf undbyt heWor l
dBankandI MF.
8. Hewasaf oundermemberoft heKeny ai ndependent 4. Opposi ti
onf rom polit
icalpar t
iese.
g.FORD.
mov ement( KI M)whi chf oughtf ori ndependencef orKeny a. 5. Ethni cclashesi nsomepar tsofthecountry/crossborder
9. Hedenouncedt hepr ovisionsoft heLy t teltonconst i
tution. cattler ustli
ng.
10. In1958, herai sedal arm aboutKeny atta’scondi ti
oni npr ison. 6. Pol itical assassinati
ons.
11. In1960, hepar t
icipat edi nt hef ir
stLancast erHouseconf erence 7. Det ent i
onandt ort
ureofsomepol i
ti
calacti
vi
sts.
todi scusst hecount ry’sindependence. 8. Cor ruption
12. WhenKANUwasf ormedi n1960, hewasel ect edt hevice 9. Weakenedeconomy/i nfl
ation.
presi dentoft hepar ty. 10. HIVpandemi c.
13. In1961, hewi thot herl eader sv isitedKeny attai nLodwarand 11. Straineddi pl
omat icrelat
ions.
resol vedt opr omot euni tyamongAf ri
cans. 12. Nat ural disastersli
kef amineandf l
oods.
14. In1962, hepar t
icipat edi nt he2ndLancast erHouseConf erence
whi chpav edwayf orKeny a’si ndependence.
15. After1963el ect i
on, hewasappoi ntedt hemi nisterforHome
Affai rs. Pr
ofessorWangar
iMaat
hai

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 47
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
preser v ationandhumanr ight st illherdeat hon26/09/2012
 Wasbor nt oMut aNj ugi andLy di aWanj iuasa3rdbor
r non1st atNai robi Hospi t
al ,duet oov ari
ancancer .
Apr il
,1940i nIhi thev illagei nNy eri.
 Thef ami lyr el
ocat edt oNakur ui n1943. Herrolesi nt hel iber at ionofwomeni nKeny a.
 Shewentbackt oI hit hewher esheenr olledf orherpr imar y
school . 1. Shewasamemberoft heKeny aAssoci ati
onofUni versi t
y
 I n1957, shej oinedStCeci li
a( cur r
ent l
yLor etoGHS)f orher womenandchampi onedt hecauseofwomeneducat ion.
secondar yeducat ion. 2. Shechampi onedt hel iber at i
onofwomenwhenshewasmost
 Shegotaschol ar shi pt oUSf oraBachel orofSci encedegr eei n activ ememberoft he
1960bef or epur sui ngaMast ersdegr eei nBi ologi cal Sciencei n Nat ional Chr istianCounci lofwomen.
US. 3. Asachai r per sonoft heNat i
onal Chr istianCounci l ofwomen,
shegear edt owar ds
 Shet henst artedwor ki ngatt heUni ver sitycol legeofNai robi as
unif yingal l womengr oupsi nKeny a.
anassi st antr esear cheri nmi cr o-anat omy .
4. Shedi dv ar iousr esear chesonway st oal l
eviatechal l
enges
 I n1967, shewentt oGer manyf orherDoct or atedegr eebef ore
exper iencedbywomenl ike
returningi n1969.
accesst omedi cat ion, saf ewat erandener gy.
 I nMay1969, shegotmar ri
edt oMwangi Maat hai . 5. Sheor gani zedcommuni ty -basedsemi narswher ewomen
st
 I n1971, shewast he1 womanf rom EastandCent ralAf ricat o openl ydi scussedt hei rsoci o-
obt ainaPh. D. economi ci ssues.
 I n1977whi lewor kingatt heNai robi Uni ver sity ,she 6. Shegav emassi v esuppor tt oagr oupofwomenwhohad
campai gnedf orherf emal ecol leaguest obepai dsamesal ar i
es formedt he‘ releasepol itical
witht hei rmal ecount er par ts. pr i
soner s’.
 I n1977, shesepar at edwi thMwangi anddi vor cedi n1979. 7. Shespokeonbehal fofwomeni nt heUNspeci al sessi onsi n
theGener al assembl y.
1. Shewasamemberoft heRedCr ossbef orebecomi ngi ts
Direct orf or m 1973- 1980, amongot heror gani zat ions. Herroles/si gnif icanceonenv ironment alconser vationi nKeny a.
2. I n1977, Wangar i andt heot herNCWK( Nat i
onal Christi
an
Counci lofWomenofKeny a)pl ant ed7t reesatKamukunj iin 1. Shewasaboar dmemberofEnv ironment alLiai sonCent re
honoroft hehi stor ical communi tyl eader s. whi chf aci lit
at edt hepar ti
cipat ionofNGO’ si nt hewor kof
3. Thi smar kedt hebi rthoft heGr eenBel tMov ement . UNEP.
4. I n1979, shebecamet heVi cechai roft heNCWKbef ore 2. Asamemberoft heNat i
onal Chr i
st i
anCounci lofWomen
becomi ngt heChai rin1980t il
l 1987whensher etir
ed. i
nKeny a( NCWK) ,sheencour agedt hepl antingoft rees.
5. Thi sear nedherpopul ar i
tyast hemov ementj oinedpr o- 3. Shehel pedi nt heest abl i
shmentoft heGr eenBel t
democr acymov ementagai nstt heoppr essi veKANUgov ’
ti nthe Mov ementwhi chi nv ol vedwomeni nt ree-plant i
ngt o
2ndhal fof1980s. conser vet heenv ironment .
6. I n1989, shel ear ntt hatKANUgov ’twaspl anni ngt oconst ructa 4. Shemobi lizedwoment opl antmor et han20mi l
liont rees
sky scraperasTi mesMedi aTr ustCompl exatUhur uPar k. whi chwoul dpr ov ideasol utiont osomeoft hei rpr obl ems.
7. Shewr ot el etterst osev er al gov er nmentof fi
ci alsandgot 5. Sheopposedt heest abl ishmentofTi mesMedi aTr ust
suppor tf rom manypeopl e. compl exi nUhur uPar kwhi chwoul ddest royt he
8. I n1990, thepr oposal wascancel led. recr eat ional par k.
9. I n1992wi thot herpr o- democr acyadv ocat es, shemetand 6. Sheaddr essedt heUNonsev er al occasi onsoni ssues
cameupwi thagr oupwhi cht heycal l
edFor um f orRest or at i
on affect ingt heenv ironment .
ofDemocr acy( FORD) . 7. I n2004, shewont heNobel pr i
zef orherr ol
ei n
10. Theyconf ront edt hegov ’tonsuspi ci ont hatsomemember s env ironment al conser vat i
on.
wer et ar get edf orassassi nat i
on. 8. Shechampi onedf ort hepr eser v ationofKar uraf orest .
11. Thi sconf r ontat ionear nedhersev er al ar r
est swhi chat tract ed 9. Sheusedherposi tionast heAssi st antmi nisterf or
theat t
ent ionoft heI nter nat ional Communi ty. Env i
ronmentt of or mul atepol iciesai medatpr eser vingt he
12. Sheal soj oinedandsuppor tedt hegr oupRel easepol iti
cal env ironment .
Prisoner swhi chhadbeenf ormedbywomenwhosesonshad
beenar rest edt oget herwi thMaat hai .
13.Theypr esent edapet i
t i
ont ot heAGandcampedi nacor nerat FORMATI ON, STRUCTUREANDFUNCTI ONSOFTHE
UhuruPar konaHunger GOVERNMENTOFKENYA.
str
ike, whi chcamet obeknownasFr eedom Cor ner .
16. Theycont inuedt i
ll 1993whent hepol iti
cal prisoner swer e El
ectoralPr ocessi nKeny a
released.
17. InSept1998, shest ar tedt heJubi lee2000, whi chcampai gned Met hodsofv otingi nKeny asi ncei ndependence.
fort hecancel lat ionofheav ydebt sowedt or ichcount r
iesby
thepoorones. 1. Ml ol
ongo( Queui ng) .
18. Shef oughtagai nstcor rupt ionespeci al lygr abbi ngofpubl ic 2. Accl amat ion.
landanddest ruct ionoft heenv i
r onment . 3. Secr etbal lot .
19. In2004, shebecamet he1stAf ricanwomant owi nt heNobel
Prize. Theyaret wot ypesGener al andBy -
elect ions.
20. Shewoni tf orhercont ribut iont osust ainabl edev el
opment ,
democr acyandpeace. General
21. In2002el ect i
ons, shewonasanMPf orTet uconst i
tuencyona
NARCt icket .  Thesear ehel daf ter5y ear s.
22. 2003, shebecamet heassi st antmi nist erf orEnv ir
onment ,  Theycompr i
sespr esi dent i
al ,Par li
ament ar y(National and
Nat ural Resour cesandwi ldlifet il
l 2005. Count yAssembl i
es) .
23. Sher emai nedv ocal onmat tersconcer ningenv ironment al

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 48
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
nomi nat i
ng
Reasonsf
orel
ect
ions. candi dat es, pol lingandcount ingofv ot esandot herr elat ed
processes.
1. I tgi vesKeny ansanoppor tuni t
yt ochoosenewpol iti
cal leader s. 3. TheLocal Gov er nmentAct .
2. I tenabl esKeny anst oexer ciset hei rdemocr at icr i
ght . -Thi sgi vest hepr ocedur eandr ulesf orconduct ingel ect ionsf or
3. Theyof feral ter nat ivei deasofr unni ngt hegov er nmentt hrough count y,muni ci pal
differ entpol itical par ties’ mani f
est os. andt owncounci ls.
4. I tisaconst itut ional requi rement . 4. TheEl ect ionOf fencesAct .
5. Theymakeel ect edl eader s/pr ospect i
vel eader swor khar dto -Itlay sdownt heel ect ionof fencesandpenal ties.Forexampl e
ensur et hatt heyar er e- elect ed/el ect ed. bri
bingv ot er s,
threat eni ngv ot er s,v ot ingmor et hanonceofcausi ngv iolence
Causesf or2007post -elect ionv iolence. duri
ngcampai gnsor
ont hepol li
ngday .
11. I rregul aritiesi nt hev ot er s’ regist ers.
-Namesofsomer egi st er edv oter swer emi ssi ngi nt her egister - Requi rement sf orpol i
t i
calpar ti
esi nKeny a.
about30%.
-Keny ansi nt hedi aspor awer enotgi venanoppor tuni t
yt ov ote. 1. Theyshoul dr ef l
ectanat ional out l
ookaspr escr ibedbyanAct
-Someoft henamesoft hev oter si nt her egist erwer edeceased. ofpar l
iament .
-Womenwer eunder -repr esent edi nt hev oters’ regi ster. 2. Theyshoul dhav eademocr at i
cal lygov er ningbody .
2.Imbal anceddi st ribut ionofr egi steredv otersamongt he 3. Theyshoul dpr omot eanduphol dnat ional uni ty.
const i
tuenci esduet ounf ai r 4. Theyshoul dabi debyt hedemocr aticpr inci plesofgood
demar cat ion. gov er nance, pr omot eandpr act isedemocr acy .
3.Sev er al casesofcheat i
ngwi thi nflatednumber sofv otesint he 5. Theyshoul dr espectt her ight sofal l per sonst opar t
ici
pat ein
str
onghol dsoft hemai n political pr ocess.
pol i
tical par ties. 6. Theyshoul dr espectandpr omot ehumanr ight sand
4.Excl usi vest ronghol dsassomeel ect or alareaswer er eserv edf or fundament al f reedomsandgenderequal ityandequi ty.
certainpol itical par ties. 7. Theyshoul dpr omot et hepr inci plesofconst itut ionandr uleof
5.Def ect iv emet hodsofv ot et allyingandr elay i
ngofi nformat i
on l
aw.
whichwasnotdone 8. Theyshoul dsubscr i
bet oandobser vet hecodeofconductf or
transpar ent ly. political par ties.
6.Incompet enceoft heEl ect or al Commi ssionofKeny aof fi
cials.
Ev ent heChai rman- Samuel Ki vui t
ust at edt hatitwasi mpossi bleto Pr ohibi t
ionsf orpol iticalpar ti
es.
tel
lwhowonbot h
Par li
ament ar yandPr esident i
al elect ions. 1. Bei ngf oundedonr eligi ous, lingui stic,r aci al, ethni c, genderor
7.Integr ityi nt her esul tsassomeoft hecr ucial el
ect iondocument s regional basi sorseekt oengagei nadv ocacyofhat redonany
wer enotsi gnedby suchbasi s.
someof f i
ci alsasr equi red, egFor m 16A. 2. Engagi ngi norencour agi ngv iolenceori nt imi dat ingsuppor t
er s
8.Composi ti
onofEl ect oral Commi ssi onofKeny a. ofot herpar ties.
Thi swasev identi nt hemanneri nwhi cht heof ficialswer e 3. Est abl ishi ngormai nt ai ni
ngapar ami li
tar yf or ce, mi li
tiaor
appoi nted, unl ikebef or e. simi laror gani zat ion.
4. Engagi ngi nbr iber yorot herf or msofcor rupt ion.
Pri
nci plesofel ect or al sy stem i nKeny a. 5. Accept ingorusi ngpubl i
cr esour cest opr omot ei tsinter estsor
i
t scandi dat esi nel ect ions, exceptasi tispr ov idedbyanActof
1. Fr eedom ofci t i
zenst oexer ciset hei rpol iti
cal ri
ght s. Par liament .
2. Mor et han2/ 3oft heel ect ivepubl icbodi esmustnotbeoft he
samegender . Funct i
onsofI ndependentEl ect oral andBoundar iesCommi ssion.
3. Fai rr epr esent at i
onofpeopl ewi thdi sabilit
ies.
4. Uni v er sal suf fr agebasedont heaspi r
ationf orf air 1. I tcont inuousl yr egi st er scitizensasv ot er s.
repr esent at ionandequal i
t yofv ot e. 2. I tdr awst heboundar iesofconst ituenci es/ war dsi nal lpar t
sof
5. Fr eeandf ai rel ect ionsbasedon: thecount ryinor dert oensur eequi tabl er epr esent ati
onoft he
-secr etbal lot. peopl e.
-absenceofv iolence, intimi dat i
on, impr operi nf luenceor 3. I tregul at esnomi nat ionofcandi datesbypol itical par ti
essoas
cor rupt ion. toensur epr opor tional nomi nat i
onofmember s.
6. Ther eshoul dbeani ndependentbodyconduct i
ngt heel ector al 4. I tset tlesel ect oral di sput esot hert hanpet itionsar isingf rom the
pr ocess. elect or al pr ocessi nor dert oensur esmoot h/f airel ections.
-transpar ency . 5. I tregi st er sal l candi dat eswhoi ntendt ocont estf orposi ti
ons
-admi nist rat ionoft heel ect i
onsi nani mpar tial,neut ral
,ef fi
cient, dur i
ngel ect ions/announcesandpr ov idesanel ect i
on
accur ateandaccount abl emanner . timet abl e.
6. I teducat esv ot ersont heirr i
ght s/ i
mpor tanceofpar t
icipat i
oni n
Regul at i
onsonel ect ions elect ionssoast omakei nfor meddeci si ons.
7. I tmoni tor s/obser v est heel ect i
onsi nor dert oensur e
1. Theconst i
tutionofKeny a transpar ency / honest y.
-Thi sst ipul at est hatKeny ai saSov er eignRepubl icandal lthe 8. I tregul at est heamountofmoneyspentbycandi dat es/ polit
ical
Sov ereignPower par tiest opr ev entsomecandi dat esf rom i nf luenci ngt hev oters.
belongst hepeopl ewhomayexer cisei tei t
herdi rect l
yor 9. I tdev elopscodeofconductf orcandi dat es/ par ties
thr
ought hei r par ticipat i
ngi nel ect i
onswi t
ht hev i
ewofchecki ng
democr atical l
yel ect edl eader s. mal pr act ices.
2. TheNat ional Assembl yandt hePr esident ialEl ect i
onAct . 10. I tensur escompl iancewi tht heel ector al lawsbyal lparties
-Thi sexpl ainst hest epst obef ollowedwhenr egi st eringv oters, i
nv ol vedi nor dert o

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 49
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
promotef r
eeandf ai
relecti
ons. 2. Ifhe/sheisofunsoundmi nd.
11. Itdi
stri
butes/t
ransport
selectoral
materi
alstoal
lpoll
i
ng 3. Declaredbankruptbycourtofl aw.
stati
ons. 4. Ifhe/sheisamemberoft hecount yassembly.
12. Itappoi
ntselecti
onof f
ici
als. 5. Ifhe/sheisaci vi
lservant.
13. Itannounceselecti
onresultsanddecl
aresthewinner
s. 6. Ifhe/shehasnotbeenaci tizenofKeny afort
helast10year
s
beforedateofelecti
ons.
Way
sofbecomi
ngamemberofpar
li
amenti
nKeny
a. 7. Ifhe/shehashel doffi
ceoft heI EBCwithi
nthelast5year
s
beforethedateofelecti
ons.
a) El
ect
ion. 8. Ifhe/sheisfoundt ohav emi susedorabusedpublicof
fi
ceat
b) Nominati
on anygiventime.
c) Byvi
rtueofhol
dingof
fi
ceofAGandSpeaker
.
Howamemberofpar
li
amentmayl
osehi
s/herseat
.
Pr
ocessofel
ect
ion
1. Ceasest obeaKeny anci tizen.
1. Vot
erandci
vi
ceducat
ion 2. I fhe/sher eceiv esapr i
sonsent enceexceedi ng6mont hsor
deat hpenal ty.
2. Regi st r
at i
onofv oters 3. I ffoundt ohav ecommi ttedanel ect i
onof f enceorhi sel ection
hasbeennul li
fiedbyhi ghcour t.
Itisdonebyt heI ndependentEl ect or al andBoundar i
es 4. Resi gnsf rom t heNat ional Assembl ybywr it
ingt ot heSpeaker .
Commi ssi onofKeny a( IEBC) . 5. I fdecl ar edbankr uptbycour tofl aw.
6. I ffoundt obeofunsoundmi nd.
Qualif
icationofav oter 7. I fhe/shedef ect s/r esi gnsf r
om t hepar tyt hatsponsor edhi m.
8. Fai lst oat tend8consecut ivesessi onsi napar ti
cul ar
1. Aci tizenof18y ear sandabov e parliamentwi thoutper mi ssi onf rom t hespeaker .
2. Onemusthav el ived, donebusi ness, ownedl andorempl oyedin 9. I fhe/shewasel ect edt opar l
iamentasani ndependent
theconst i
tuencyf ive( 5)mont hsi nt hel asty earbef or e candi dat eanddeci dest oj oinapol it
ical par ty.
elections.
3. Oneshoul dnothav ebeenconv ictedofel ect ionof fencedur ing 2. Count y.
precedi ngf ivey ears.
4. Oneshoul dhav eanor iginal IDorpasspor twhi chi sv alidandin a) He/ shemustbear egi st eredv oter .
goodcondi ti
on. b) He/ shemustbel iterat e.
c) He/ shemustbenomi nat edbyar egister edpol i
tical party,if
Whyar egister edv ot ermaynotv ote. shei snotcont est ingasan
i
ndependentcandi dat ewhoi ssuppor t
edby500r egistered
1. Wheni ncust ody . voter si nt hewar d.
2. Whenhei si nsane/ofunsoundmi nd. d) He/ sheshoul dbeofsoundmi nd.
3. I fhepr esent shi msel fi naconst it
uencywher ehei snot e) He/ sheshoul dnothav ebeendecl aredbankr upt .
regist ered. f) He/ sheshoul dnotbeser v i
ngani mpr i
sonmentsent ence
4. Whendi scov er edt ohav er egi steredmor et hanonce. exceedi ng6mont hs.
5. Whenhedoesnothav eanI Dorhasadef ect i
veI Dont hevoting g) He/ shemusthav ebeenaci ti
zenofKeny af orat l
est10y ears
day . precedi ngt hedat eof
6. Whenhi snamedoesnotappeari nt hev oter ’
sr egister. el
ect ion.
7. Whenhei st imebar red/l at e. h) He/ sheshoul dnothav ehel dof ficeofI EBCwi thint helast5
years.
3. Nomi nat ionofcandi dat es
Disqual
ificat ion
Thi sisCount y ,par li
ament ar yorpr esi dent ialnomi nat i
ons.
1. I fhe/ shei saci vilser v ant .
 Par tynomi nat i
ons 2. I fhe/shehas, wi thint hel ast5y ear si mmedi atelybef oret he
 Pr esent ationofnomi nat i
onpaper s dateel ect i
ons, heldof ficeasamemberofI EBC.
 Commencementofcampai gns/el ect i
ons. 3. I fhe/shehasnotbeenaKeny anci ti
zenf ort hel ast10y ear s
befor et hedat eel ect ions.
Requirement sf ornomi nations 4. I fhe/shei sofunsoundmi nd.
5. I fhe/ shei sdecl aredbankr uptbyacour tofl aw.
1.Parli
ament arycandi dates 6. I fhe/shei sser vingapr i
sonsent enceofnotl esst han6
mont hs.
1. Oneshoul dbear egi st eredv ot er. 7. I fhe/shehasbeenf oundt ohav eabusedormi susedst ate/
2. Oneshoul dbel i
ter ate. publ i
cof fice.
3. Oneshoul dbenomi nat edbyapol iti
cal par t
yORf oran
independentcandi dat et ot heNat ional Assembl y,be Conditi
onsf orani ndependentcandi dat e
suppor tedbyatl east1000r egi st eredv otersint he
const ituency .Forani ndependentcandi dat etot hesenat e, 1. He/ sheshoul dnotamemberofapol it
ical par t
yf ort helast3
byatl east2000r egi st eredv ot er si nt hecount y. mont hst ot hedat eel ect ions.
4. Oneshoul duphol dgoodmor al values. 2. He/ shemustbear egi st er edv oter .
3. He/ shemustbel iter ate.
Disqualif
icat ionascandi dat ef orNat ionalAssembl y. 4. Forcandi dat est ot heNat i
onal Assembl y, he/ sheshoul dhav e
thesuppor tofnotl esst han1000r egister edv oter sint he
1. I fhe/shei nser vingapr i
sonsent enceofnotl esst han6 const ituency .
mont hsasatt hedat ef orr egistrat ionordat eofel ections. 5. Candi dat est ot hesenat e, shoul dhav et hesuppor tofatl east

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 50
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2000r
egi
ster
edv
oter
sint
hecount
y. 5. Theysupervi
sevot
ingandcounti
ngofv ot
es.
6. Theyappointpr
esi
dingof
fi
cerineachpolli
ngst
ation.
Pr
esent
ati
onofnomi
nat
ionpaper
s 7. Theyanannouncer
esult
sintheconsti
tuencyaf
tertal
l
ying.

 Presidenti
alcandidatespresentt
heirpaperstothechai
rperson 4) Pr
esi
dingof
fi
cer
s
ofIEBC.
 Parli
ament aryandciviccandidat
espr esent
sthei
rpaper
st o 1. Theyarein-chargeofeachpolli
ngstat
ion
I
EBCof fi
cial
sintheconst i
tuency
. 2. Theyconductpol ls
 Theyal lpayanomi nati
onf eetotheIEBC. 3. Theyensur eeli
gibl
evoter
sv oteonl
yonce.
4. Theyassistill
it
erat
evoter
s
Campai
gns 5. Theyseal ball
otsboxesaft
ercounti
ngandtransfert
hem
total
l
yingst ati
ons
 Thi
sbeginsaft
erthecandidateshavehandedov ert
heir 6. Theymaint ainl
awandor derinthepol
li
ngstat
ion.
nominat
ionpaper
s. 7. Theyensur efair
nessandopennessinthestat
ion.
 I
tisdoneaccordi
ngt otheel
ectoralcodeofconduct
 Theyinf
ormthepoliceofanintendedral
lyforsecur
it
ypurpose.
5) Pol
li
ngcl
erks
 Campaignsend12.00am ontheev eofelecti
ons/12hours
befor
ethedateel
ect i
ons.
a) Theycheckv oter
s’ document segI Dcar ds.
b) Theyconf irmvoters’namesi nthev oters’
Pol
li
ng
regi
ster
.
c) Theyissuebal l
otpaper s.
 Pol li
ngst ationsar eopenedat6. 00am t o6. 00pm
d) Theyassistt heil
li
terateandt hedi sabledvoter
s.
 Presi di
ngof fi
cersar ei nchar geoft hepol l
ingst ations e) Theyputi ndeli
bleinkonv oter
s’fingers.
 Av oterproducesanor i
gi nal ID. f) Theydirectthev oterstot heballotboxandout
 Bal l
otpaper sar ethenpl acedi nt heballotboxes. ofthepollingstati
on.
 Vot ersf i
ngeri smar kedwi thi nkt oprev ent2ndv oting. g) Theyhelpi nthecount ingandseal i
ngofbal l
ot
 Lat el
y ,count i
ngi sdonei nt hepol li
ngst ati
ons. boxes.
 Presi di
ngof fi
cerannouncest her esultsbef oresendi ngtothe
const it
uencyhal lfort al
ly i
ngbef oreof f
ici
al compi li
ng,recor
ding 6) Secur
it
yper
sonnel
andannouncementbyt her eturningof fi
cer.
 Thesearepoli
ceof fi
cer
sassigneddutytomaint
ainl
awand
By-
elections orderdur
ingel
ections.
 Theyhelpthepresidi
ngoff
icertomaintai
nlawandorder
.
Reasons
7) Count
ingcl
erks
1. Deat hofMemberofPar liament
2. I fanMPi sdecl aredbankr uptbycour toflaw.  Theysortoutt
heball
otboxesanddot
hecount
ingoft
hev
otes
3. I mpr isonmentofMPf orov er6mont hs. percandi
datebef
oreanal
yzing.
4. Def ectionfr om thepar t
yt hatsponsor edhi m /hert oanother
par ty 8) Par
tyagent
s
5. Resi gnat i
onofanMP.
6. Rul edbycour tofl aw- notv alidl
yel ected/Nul l
ifi
cat i
onof  Theyrepr
esentt
hepar
ti
es/
candi
dat
esi
npol
l
ingst
ati
onsor
electionr esultsbycour tofl aw. count
inghal
ls.
7. Changeofci t
izenship
8. Mi ssing8consecut ivesessi onswi t
houtper missionf r
om 9) Obser
ver
s
speaker
9. Whenel ectedasspeakerofnat ionalassembl y.  Thesear
eneutralornon-par
ti
sanpeopleappr
ovedbyt
heI
EBC
10. Ifamemberi ssent encedt odeat h. to‘
watchover
’theelect
ions.
11. Ifamemberi sdecl aredi nsane.  Theywri
teareportonthewholeexerci
se.
El
ect
ionsof
fi
cial
s Fact
orst
hatmayi
nter
fer
ewi
thf
reeandf
airel
ect
ions.
1)Di
str
ictEl
ect
ioncoor
dinat
or 1. Et hni cloyal t
ies/pol ar i
zati
on/al l
egi
ance/Tr ibal
ism /r
acism /
Nepot i
sm.
1. Worksatdi
str
ictl
evel
asel
ecti
onof
fi
cer 2. Par tyl oyalties.
2. Li
nksthepeoplewi
thCommissi
onHeadquar
ter
s. 3. Mi suseofmassmedi a.
4. Har assmentofv ot
ersbyr i
v algroups.
2)Regi
str
ati
onof
fi
cer
s. 5. Incompet entel ecti
onof fi
cials.
6. Par tisanel ecti
onof ficial
s.
 Regi
sterv
oter
satev
eryconst
it
uency
. 7. Elect i
onv iolenceandconsequentchaost hatmarelecti
ons.
8. Genderi nsensi ti
vit
y .
3) Ret
urni
ngOf
fi
cer
s 9. Elect i
onr igging.
10. Feari nst i
l
ledoncandi dates.
1. Theyareinchar
geofelecti
onsinaconsti
tuency. 11. Useofnegat iv
epr opagandabycandi datesandsuppor t
ers.
2. Theysetuppoll
ingboothsi
nstati
ons. 12. I
nef ficientdi st
ributi
onofel ectionmat er
ial
s.
3. Theyrecei
venominati
onpapersfor
mt hecandidates. 13. Corr upt i
on/Br i
beryofcandi datesandtheirsupport
ers.
4. Theydist
ri
butebal
lotpaper
sandboxestoal lpol
li
ng 14. I
ll
iter acyofsomev oters.
st
ati
ons.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 51
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
15. Inadequatecivi
ceducati
on. theirremov alf
rom of fice.
16. Inaccessibi
li
tyofsomepollingst
ati
onsduetoextremeweather 7. I tappr ovest hedeclarat i
onofwarandext ensionofst
ateof
conditi
ons. emer gencywhendecl ared.
17. Communi cati
onprobl
emsbet weenheadquart
ersandpoll
i
ng 8. I tsuper visesoperationsofst at
eor gans.
stati
ons.
Senate.
FORMATI ONOFGOVERNMENT
1. I thas47member sel ectedfrom thecounties.
 Thegov ernmentisformedaf t
erel
ecti
onsofthepresi
dent
,the 2. I thas16nomi natedwomen.
governors,thesenat
orsandMP’ s 3. I talsohas1manand1womanr epresent
ingtheyout
h.
 Thepr esi
dentthenappointsthecabi
netsecr
etar
ies. 4. I thas1manand1womanr epr
esent i
ngthepersonswit
h
disabilit
ies.
TheCount yExecut i
veCommi tt
ee 5. I talsohast heSpeakerast heex-offi
ciomember .

 Thi
sconsi
stsofThecountyGover
nor,
theDeput
yCounty Funct
ions
Gover
nor(
bothareel
ected)andMembersappoi
ntedbyt
he
Count
yGovernorwi
thapproval
oftheAssembl
y. 6. Themember srepresentt hecount i
esand
protectt heinterest
soft hecount iesandt hei
r
WhenaCount
yGov
ernorcanber
emov
ed/l
eav
eof
fi
ce. gover nment s.
7. Theyparti
cipateinthepr ocessofl awmaki ngby
1. Forgr oss-violationoft heconst it
ut i
onoranyot herl aw. consider ing,debati
ngandappr ov i
ngbillsconcerning
2. Whent herei sst rongbel i
eft hathehascommi ttedacr i
me count ies.
undernat ional ori nt er national law. 8. Theydeterminet heallocati
onofnat i
onal
3. Whenf oundgui ltyofabuseofof ficeorgr oss-mi sconduct . revenueamongcount ies.
4. Whenhe/ shei sPhy sical orment al incapaci tytoper form. 9. Theyexerci
seov er
sightofst ateoffi
cersby
5. Whenhe/ shedi es. consider inganddet er
mi ninganyr esolutiontoremov et
he
6. Whenhe/ sher esi gns. presidentordeput ypresidentfrom power .
7. Whenhe/ sheeasest obel egiblef ort heof f
ice.
8. Whenhe/ shei simpr i
sonedf oratl east12mont hs. Speaker
9. Whenhe/ shei sr emov edf r
om t heof f i
ceundert heconst i
tut
ion.
His/herr oles/funct i
ons.
Functi
onsoft heCount yExecut iveCommi t
tee.
1. He/ sheChai r
spar l
iament arysessi onsdur ingwhi chhe/she
1. I ti
mpl ement scount yl egislat i
on. i
nv i
tesmember sofpar liamentt ocont r
ibut et o
2. I ti
mpl ement snat ional l
egi slati
onwi thinthecount y. mot ions/debat es.
3. I tmanagesandcoor dinat est hecount yadmi nistrationandi ts 2. He/ shemai ntai
nsor derbyenf orcingst andi ngorders/r ules.
depar tment s. 3. He/ shegi vesper mi ssiont omember swhowi sht obeabsent
4. I tper f
ormsanyot herf unct ionsconf erredoni tbyt he foreightconsecut i
v esessi ons/He/ shemar kstheregi sterin
const i
tuti
onornat ional l
egi slati
on. parl
iament .
5. I tpreparespr oposedl egi slationf orconsi der ati
onbyt hecounty 4. He/ sheswear sinmember sofpar liamentaf t
erelecti
onsbef ore
assembl y. theycanpar tici
pat ei npr oceedings.
6. I tprov i
dest hecount yassembl ywi thf ullandr egul arr eporton 5. He/ shei si nchar geoft hegener al admi ni strat
ionoft heNat ional
mat tersrelatingt ot hecount y. Assembl y.
6. He/ shechai rsthest andi ngorder scommi tt
eewhi chi nterpret s
Str
uctureandf unct ionsoft heNat ionalGov ernment . thest andingor der soft heNat i
onal Assembl y.
7. He/ shedecl arespar li
ament aryseat sv acanti nor dertopav e
1) Legi sl
ature/Par l
iament . wayf orgener al
/by -elect i
ons.
8. He/ sher eceivesandaccept slett
er sofr esignationfrom
I
sfall
si nto2cat egor i
es: TheNat i
onal Assembl yandt heSenat e. member sofpar liamentwhohav el eft/def ectedtoot herpar ti
es
orjoinedpar t
ies.
Nati
onalAssembl y 9. He/ shechai rsthepar li
ament aryser v
icecommi ssionwhi ch
l
ooksaf terthewel fareoft hemember s.
1. I thas290member sr epresent i
ngt heconst ituenci es. 10. He/sher epresent spar liamenti nint ernational foradeal i
ngwi th
2. I thas47women, onef r
om eachcount y . mat tersofcommon
3. I thas12nomi nat edmember stor epr esentt hespeci alint
erests i
nterest.
i
ncl udingthey out h, per sonswi t
hdi sabili
tiesandwor ks.
4. Thespeaker ,
whoi st heex- offi
ciomember . DeputySpeaker

Funct
ions  He/shei
sthechai
rper
sonoft
hecommi tteeoft
hewhol e
house
1. I
tr epresentsthewi l
lofthepeopleatt henational l
egisl
ati
v e  He/sheper
for
mstheduti
esofthespeakerinhi
s/herabsence.
l
ev el.
2. I
tdel iberat
esandr esolv
esissuesofconcer nt ot hepeople. Thecl
erk
3. I
tmakes, r
epealsandamendsl aws.
4. I
thast hepowert oenactlegisl
ationthataffectsthenat i
onand  Heist
heChiefExecut
iveoft
hePar
li
ament
arySer
vice
nott hecount ygovernment. Commissi
on
5. I
tcont r
olsnationalr
evenueandexpendi t
ureoft herepublic.
6. I
tr eviewst heconductoftheof fi
ceoft hepresident,t
hedeput y 1. He/sher
ecor
dsminut
esofproceedi
ngsinthehouse,
and
presidentandot herstat
eof f
icers,andifnecessar y,i
nit
iat
es adv
isesmember
sonmattersofprocedur
e

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 52
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. He/ sheadv icest hespeakerandMP’ sonmat tersconcerning andground.
thepar li
ament 5. He/sheexecut
esor
der
soft
heSpeaker
.
3. He/ sher ecordsal lnot icesofmot ionandot hermat t
ershanded
i
nbyt heMP’ sei theri nt hehouseorhi sofficersandt hen Whypar
li
amenti
sani
mpor
tanti
nst
it
uti
oni
nKeny
a.
adv i
sest hespeakeronor derofpar l
iament arybusi ness.
4. He/ shemai ntainsr esponsewi thcabi netsecr etari
es 1. Iti
st hesupr emelawmaki ngbody .Oncei tmakesl aws, they
concer ni
ngpar liament arymat t ers. arebindingt oeverybody .
5. He/ shepr epar esandkeepssaf elyallthepar li
ament aryrecords 2. Iti
smadeupofel ectedr epresent ativ
eswhoar eelectedbyt he
i
nt he‘Hansar d’ people, t
hereforei
trepr esent sthei nt
erestsoft heelectorate.
6. He/ shepr epar est ruecopi esofbi ll
spassedandpr esent
st hem 3. Itchecksont hepossibleabuseofpowerbyt heexecut ive,and
aftercertifi
cationbyt hepr esident . thuspr omot i
nggoodgov ernanceandaccount abil
ity
.
7. He/ sheor ganizesandmai ntainsal i
br aryforusebyt he 4. Iti
sempower edtocont rol r
ev enuecol l
ectionandgov ernment
member s. expendi t
ure.Forexampl e,theannual budgetisdiscussedand
8. He/ shecont r
olst hef inancesoft hehouse. approvedbyt heparli
ament .
9. He/ sheeducat est hepubl icont hewor ki
ngofpar l
i
amentt o 5. Itensurest hatgovernmentmoneyi sspentwel l
.Thecont r
oll
er
fosterinterestandr espectf ornat i
onal assembl y. andAudi torGeneral checksont hespendi ngofal l
mi nistri
es
10. He/ shesuper visespar li
ament ar ystaff. andpr oducesacompr ehensi ver epor tfordiscussi
onby
11. He/ sheact sasbr anchsecr etar yt oCommonweal t
h parli
ament .
Par l
iament aryAssoci at i
on.
Pr
ivi
legesenj
oyedbyMember
sofPar
li
amenti
nKeny
a.
Theconst
it
uti
onstipulat
esthattheParli
amentshal
lhavetheleader
oft
hemajori
typart
y( Lar
gestparty/
coali
ti
onofparti
es)andthe 1. Freedom ofspeech.
l
eaderoft
hemi nor
ityparty(
secondlargestpar
tyofcoal
it
ionof 2. Freedom from arr
estf
orciv
ilof
fence.
par
ti
es) 3. Ri
ghtt opunishmember sorstr
angersforcont
empt
.
4. Theyregulatethei
rownprocedureinparl
iament
.
Rol
esoft
her
uli
ngpar
tyi
nKeny
a.
Howt heexecut ivecontrol
slegisl
ature.
1. Itformulat
espoliciesonr unningthegov er
nment.
2. Itmobili
zespeopl ee.g.toattendrall
iesandparti
cipat
ein 1. Thepr esidentassentsbil
lbeforetheybecomelaw.
electi
ons. 2. Thecabi netsecretari
espreparegovernmentbil
l
sbefor
ethey
3. Itactsasal i
nkbet weent hegov er
nmentandt hepeople/ canindirectl
yinfl
uencewhatgoesoni nparl
iamentand
i
nitiat
edebateoni mpor tantissuesaffecti
ngthepeopleandt
he proceedings.
gov er
nment.
4. Itprovi
desciviceducationtot heelector
ate. Par
li
ament arysupr emacy

Funct
ionsoft
hePar
tyl
eader
sinPar
li
ament
. Thisref
erstotheparl
iamentasanoveral
ll
awmaki ngorganofthe
government.Alll
awshavetopassthroughthepar
liamentbef
ore
1. Pr omot i
nganduphol dingofnat ionalunit
ythroughpar ty theyarefor
mulated.
act i
v i
ties.
2. Enf orcingadher ence, democr acy,anduphol di
ngHumanRi ght
s. Howt
hepar
li
amenti
ssupr
eme
3. Wor kingt oadvancet hegoal soft hepar t
yandensur et hei
r
progr ammei scarr
iedoutt othesat i
sfacti
onoft hepar t
y. 1. Iti
stheonl ybodyt hatmakes, repealsandamendsl aws.
4. Thel eaderoft hemaj oritypartyhast oensureandmai ntai
n 2. Itcantermi natethepr esi
dent’sappoi ntment.
suppor tf orl
egisl
ati
on. 3. Itcanlimitthepoweroft heexecut i
v ebyamendi ngthe
5. Thel eaderoft hemi noritypartyhast oprotecttheinterest
sof constit
ution.
themi nor it
y. 4. Cabinetsecr etari
esar eaccount abl
et othepar l
iament.
6. Thel eaderoft hemi norityhast oensur eaccountabil
i
t yand 5. Itl
egislat
esbi ll
s.
transpar encyinthepar tyandgov er
nment . 6. Itapprovesgov ernmentexpendi tur
eandr evenue.
7. Canpassv oteofnoconf idencei nthepr esi
dentandhis
Howt
heopposi
ti
onpar
tychecksont
heGov
ernmentexcesses. government .
8. Member sofPar l
i
amentenj oyimmuni tyduringparli
ament
ary
1. Theypoi
ntoutonthemistakesmadebythegov
ernment
. contri
butions.
2. Theypoi
ntoutmisuseofpubli
cresour
ces.
Li
mit
ati
onst
opar
li
ament
arysupr
emacy
Funct
ionsoft
hel
eaderofgov
ernmentbusi
nessi
npar
li
ament
.
1. Increasedpowersoft hepresidenttendstoover-rul
eparl
i
ament
1. Secondingbil
l
smov edbycabi
netsecretar
ies. decisions
2. Chair
ingcommi tt
eemeet i
ngsonallproceduralmotions. 2. Itcannotmakel awscont r
arytot heconsti
tut
ion.
3. Regularl
yconsul
tingwitht
heleaderofoffi
cialopposit
ion. 3. Itisalsobeovershadowedbyt heinter
nati
onallaw.
4. He/sheisinchargeofgovernment’
sdebat i
ngt eam. 4. By -
lawsaremadebyt heCount yauthori
ti
eswi t
hout
5. Noti
fyingthehouseonwhent oadjour
n. consul t
ati
onofthepar l
i
ament .
5. Cust omsandtradit
ionsoft hepeoplemustber espect
ed.
Ser
geant
-at
-Ar
ms
Mer
it
sofpar
li
ament
arysupr
emacy
1. Heorganizesallceremoniesi
nandar oundpar l
iament
.
2. Hemai ntai
nsdiscipl
ineinandaroundparli
ament . 1. I
tcancr eateharmonyi nt
hecountr
y.
3. He/sheisthecustodianofthemace, whichisthesymbolof 2. I
tisflexi
ble,henceitcanchangewi
thtimeandsituat
ions
aut
horityofparl
iament. 3. I
tisef f
ecti
ve,asMPssi tandanswerquesti
ons
4. He/sheisresponsibleformai
ntenanceofpar l
i
amentbuil
dings 4. I
tgivesableKeny ansachancetoparti
cipat
eindebat
es

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 53
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
5. I
tallowsciti
zenstoparti
cipat
eint
heirgovernmentbyel ect
ion. passthebil
lasecondt imewi thoutamendment .
6. I
tgivestheelector
ateachancetorejectnon-perf
ormingMPs 2. Amendt hebil
l i
nli
ghtwiththePr esident’
sreser vati
ons
7. Cit
izensparti
cipat
einnati
onalpol
it
icall
eadership andthespeakersubmi tsittot hePresidentf
orassent .
8. I
tallowsconstructi
veacti
onsofgovernmentf orgood 3. ThePar li
amentcoul dpasst hebillaft
erconsideringthee
governance. Presi
dent’
sreservati
ons,eit
herwi thoutorwith
amendment sthatdonotf ul
lyaccommodat et he
Demer
it
s. Presi
dent’
sreservati
ons.
Thi
sisonlypossiblebyav otesuppor tedby:
1. I
tcancreatei
nstabi
l
itywheni
tsdeci
sionconf
li
ctswi
thot
her (
a) 2/3ofthemember softheNat ionalAssembly, and
or
gans. (
b) 2/3ofthedelegati
onsintheSenat e,i
fiti
sabi llthat
2. I
tisnoteff
ect
iveduri
ngemergenci
es. requi
resapprovaloftheSenate.
3. I
tweakenstheexecuti
ve.
NB/Suchbill
mustbepassedtoPresi
dentwit
hin7day
sf orassent
Pr
ocessofl
awmaki
ng andthePresi
dentshoul
dassenti
twit
hin7days.Ot
her
wiseitwillbe
consi
der
ednul l
andvoid.
Thiscanonlybegi
nwhentheSpeakerort
heDeput
ySpeakeri
s
presentandift
her
eisquor
um of50membersoftheNat
ional Reasonst
hatcanmaket
hepar
li
amenti
nKeny
atobedi
ssol
ved.
Assembl yor15membersoft
heSenate.
1. Whenv ot
eofnoconf i
denceispassedonthegover
nment/
1. Therearetwot ypesofbil
l
s, publicandprivate president
.
2. Thepubl i
cbil
lisfur
therbrokeni ntogovernmentandpriv
at e 2. Aftertheexpir
yofthe5y earpar
li
amentar
yperi
od.
member ’sbil
l
. 3. Duringstateofemergency.
3. Thepubl i
cbil
lsdealswit
hmat tersofpublicpoli
cyt
hataffects 4. Whenopposi ti
onhasmor emembersthanther
uli
ngpar
tyi
n
allci
ti
zens parli
ament.
4. Apr i
vatebil
li
ntendstoaffectpar ti
cul
arpar toft
hecountr
y .
5. TherearealsoMoneybi l
lswhi chdealswi thtax,
paymentsand THEEXECUTI
VE
chargesbythepubl i
cetc
6. Iti
sproposed, t
hendraft
edbyt heAt t
orneyGeneralof
fi
ceby  Theexecut iv
eisheadedbythepresidentwhoisel
ectedona
theParli
amentaryCounsel. maximum of2t ermsoffi
veyeareach.
Theot hermember softheexecut
iveincl
udedeput
yPr esi
dent
,
Whent heCabi netissat isfi
edwi t
ht hebi ll
, i
tist henpubl ishedi nt he CabinetSecr et
ari
es,
Attor
neyGeneral,Di
rect
orofPubli
c
Keny aGazet te, atleast14day sbef or eiti sintroducedi nPar l
iament . ProsecutionsandThePublicServ
ice.
Abi llthatconcer nst heCount ygov ernmentcanor i
gi natei nei ther
theSenat eort heNat ional assembl y. El
ecti
onoft hepr esident
Abi llthatdoesnotconcer nthecount yAssembl ycanonl ybe
consi der edi nt heNat ional assembl y .  El ect i
onoft hepr esidenti sbyt heci ti
zenandi tisbasedont he
Abi llcanbei nt r
oducedi nei t
heroft heHouses, butaMoneybi llcan principleofuni versalsuf frage( one- man- one-v ote).
onlybei nt r
oducedi nt heNat ional Assembl y.
Whent hepr esidentcanl eaveof fi
ce.
Thest agesabi ll
goest hroughbef or ei tbecomesl aw.
1. Deat hoft hepr esident.
1. Thebi ll isdr aftedbyt heAGandpr esent edt opar li
ament/ 2. Whenhe/ sheresi gns.
pr ivatemember sbi ll
. 3. Whenhe/ sheisi mpeached.
2. I tispr esent edi npar li
amentf ort he1str eadi ngbyei thert heAG 4. Whenhe/ sheisphy si
cally /ment allyincapaci tated.
acabi netsecr etaryconcer nedf orf ami li
ar i
zat ionandappr ov al 5. Whenhe/ shelosesapet iti
oni nSupr emeCour t.
byMPs. 6. I the/ sheceasest obeKeny anci t
izen.
3. Thebi ll ispresent edf ort he2ndr eadi ngwher ei tisdebat ed 7. I fher /shedef ect ectsfrom t hepar tythatsponsor edhi m/herto
bef or ei tisei t
herappr ovedorr eject ed. par l
iamentori fhe/ shewasel ectedasani ndependent
4. I tt hengoest ot heCommi tt
eest aget oi ncor por at ethe candi dat eandj oinsapol iticalpar tyafterwar ds.
recommendat i
onsmadeatt he2ndst age.
5. I tgoest ot her epor tstagewher ei treadi npar l
iamentt oseei f Qualificationf orelect ionsasapr esident
ther ecommendat ionshav ebeeni ncor por ated.
6. I tt hengoesf ort he3rd r eadingf orv oting.Fur therchangescan 1. Onemustbeaci tizenbybi r
th
bemade. 2. He/ shemustbequal i
fi
edt ost andasanMP.
7. Thebi ll istakent ot hepr esidentf orassentbef orei tbecomes 3. Onemustbenomi natedbyapol i
tical part
y,or
law. contestasani ndependentcandi date.
8. I tist henpubl ishedi ntheKeny agazet tewi thin7day sf or 4. Onemustbeendor sedbynotf ewert han2,000
publ i
cnot iceaf terwhi ch, i
tbecomesoper ational ont he14 t
h voters fr
o m eacho f the ma j
o r
ityof thec o unties.
dayofpubl i
cat i
on.
 Foronet obedecl aredt hepr esident i
alwi nner ,he/shemust
Bill
-1streadi ng- 2ndreadi ng- Commi tteest age- Repor tst age- 3rdreadi ng gunner50%pl us, ofallthev otescast .
-President i
al assent -
Actofpar li
ament .  He/ sheshoul dal sogunner25%oft hev otescasti n24count i
es.
ThePr esi denti sgi ven14day sf r
om t hedat eher ecei vest hebi l
l to  D ua lcit
ize nshi
pi s notc on s i
de r
e df orpres i
de ntialc and i
dature.
assenti torr et urnitbackt othePar liament .  I fhe/ shedi es, t
heDeput yt akesov erandf r
eshel ectionst obe
Incasei tisr eturnedt ot hePar li
ament ,thef ol l
owi ngst epscanbe hel dwi thin60day s.
takenbyt heMPs:
Constituti
onaldut i
esoft hepr esident .
1. Amendt hebi l
l i
nl i
ghtoft hePr esident ’sr eser vat ions, or

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 54
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
1. He/sheact sastheheadofst ate, her epresent sthecountr
y thepresi
dentont heappoi nt mentofjudges.
bothlocal
lyandi nt
ernationall
y . 6. He/ sheheadst heAt t
or neyGener al
’schamber s.
2. He/sheact sasheadofgov ernment , heappoi ntstheDeputy 7. He/ shehandl esmat t
er sconcerningthejudici
aryli
kequesti
ons
presi
dent. andbudgeti nt henationalassembl y
3. He/sheopenspar l
i
amentatt hest ar tofev er
ysessi on 8. He/ sheregist ersandr ecei
v esannual r
eturnsofsociet
iesand
4. He/shechai r
scabinetmeet i
ngs, anddi r
ectsandcoor di
nat
es poli
ti
calparties.
thefuncti
onsofmi nistr
iesandgov ernmentdepar t
ments. 9. He/ shetakespar ti
nt hedr afti
ngofgov ernmentbill
sbefor
e
5. He/sheistheCommanderi n-chi efoft heAr medf orces. theyaretabledi nparli
ament .
6. He/shemaypar donaconv i
ctedper son, postponet he 10. He/sheactsasaf r
iendoft hecourtincivi
lproceedi
ngs.
executi
onofpuni shmentf ort heof fender ,
orsubst it
utewit
ha
l
esssev erepunishment. Di
rect
orofpubl
icpr
osecut
ion.
7. He/sheconf ershonorsfordi stingui shedser vices.
8. He/shepresidesov ernational hol i
day si
nt hecount ry
. He/shei
sappoint
edbyt
hepr
esi
dent
,wi
tht
heappr
oval
oft
heNA
f
oran8yeart
erm.
Dut
iesoft
hepr
esi
dent
.

1. Torespect,
uphol dandsaf eguardtheconsti
tution. Hi
s/herf
unct
ionsandpower
s.
2. Tosafeguardthesov erei
gnt yoft
her epubl
i
c.
3. Topromoteandenhancet heunit
yoft henati
on. 1. Todi rectt heInspect or-
Gener aloft heNat i
onalPol i
ceServ i
ceto
4. Topromoter espectforallthepeopleinKenya. i
nv est igat eanyi nf
ormat ionoral legat i
onofcr iminal conduct.
5. Toensurethepr otecti
onofhumanr i
ghtsandf undament
al 2. Toexer cisesthest atepowerofpr osecution.
fr
eedomsandt her ul
eoflaw. 3. Toi nst itutesandunder takescr imi nalprosecutionagai nstany
per sonbef or
eanycour tothert hanacour tsMar shal.
Functi
onsoft heDeput yPr esident. 4. He/ shemayt akeov erandcont inueanycr iminal proceedings
commencedi nanycour tothert hanacour t
smar shal.
1. He/shei st hepr i
nci
palassistantofthe 5. He/ shemaydi scontinueatanyst agebef oreanyj udgmenti s
president. deliver ed, anycriminal proceedings, wit
hper missi onofthe
2. He/shedeput isesthepr esi
dentinexecuti
ngof cour t.
duti
esconf erredt ohim /herbyt heconst it
uti
on.
3. He/sheact sast hepresidentintheabsenceof Thepubl icser vice
thepr esi
dent .
 I tisheadedbyt hePubl icServ i
ceCommi ssion
Cabinet  Pr inci pal secretari
esar einchar geofday -t
o-dayr unningof
mi nistries.
 I tconsistsoft hePr esident ,DeputyPresident,Cabi
net  Theyi ncl udecivilservants,mi l
i
t aryof f
icers,parast at
al
secretari
eswhomustnotbel essthan14andnotmor ethan22, empl oy eesandt eachers.
AttorneyGener alandt hepubl icservi
ce.  ThePubl i
cSer vi
ceCommi ssionappoi nts,confir
msand
 Thepr esidentappoi ntsthecabi netsecretar
ieswiththe discipl i
nesci vilservants.
approv aloftheNat ionalAssembl y.  I tismadeupofachai rperson,Vi cechai rpersonand7ot her
member sappoi ntedbyt hepr esi dent,andappr ov edbyt he
Functi
onsoft hecabi net Nat ional Assembl y.

1. Toadv i
seandassi stt hepr esi dentingov er
ni ngthecount ry. Funct
ionsoft
heci
vi
lser
vice.
2. Todi scussnat ional andi nter nationalissues.
3. Toper form delegat eddut iesbyt hepr esi
dente. gappoi ntment 1. I testabl ishesandabol ishestheof fi
cet hepubl i
cser vice.
ofboar dmember sofpar ast atals. 2. I tappoi nt sper sonst oact/hol dt hoseof fices,andt oconf i
rm
4. Theyf ormul at
egov ernmentpol i
ciesandpr ogrammesl ike appoi ntment s.
givi
nggui del i
nesonKeny a’sdomest i
cpol i
cywhi chincludethe 3. I texer cisesdi scipl i
nar ycont r
ol overt hepeopl eint hoseof f
ices.
economy ,socialwel fare,lawandor der . 4. I tpromot est hev aluesandpr i
nciplesoft hepubl icser vi
ce.
5. Theyi ni
ti
at enewbi l
lsandt ablet hem int henat i
onal assembly. 5. I ti
nv est i
gat es, moni torsandev aluat estheor ganization,
6. Theyar einchar geoft hei
rmi nist r
iesgi v
ingt hem directi
on, admi nist rationandper sonal practicesoft hepubl icser vi
ce.
managi ngt hem andensur ingt hattheyar er unningsmoot hly. 6. I tensur est hatt hepubl i
cser vi
cei sef fi
cientandef fect i
ve.
7. Theonei nchargeoff inancef or mulatest hebudgetand 7. I tdev elopshumanr esour ceint hepubl icser vi
ce.
presentsi ttotheNat ional assembl yforappr oval. 8. I treviewsandt akesr ecommendat ionst othenat i
onal
gov ernmenti nr espectcondi ti
onsofser vice,codeofconduct
At
tor
neyGener
al andqual i
f i
cat i
onsofof fi
cersint hepubl icser v
ice.
9. I tevaluat esandr epor tst othepr esidentandpar l
iamentont he
 He/i
sappoi
ntedbyt
hepr
esi
dent
,appr
ovedbyt
heNA. extentt owhi cht hev aluesandpr inciplesoft hepubl i
cser vi
ce
arecompl i
edwi t
h.Hear sanddet ermi nesappeal si nrespectof
Hi
s/herf
unct
ions. count ygov er nment s’ publ i
cserv i
ce.
10. Itperfor msanyot herf unctionsandpower sconferredbyt he
1. He/sheisthelegaladviserofthenat i
onal gov ernment . national l
egi slat i
on.
2. He/sheistheChiefstateprosecutor .
3. He/sheisamemberoft headvisorycommi tteet hatassist
st he OrgansofNationalSecuri
ty.
presi
dentinpardoninganyconv ictedper son.
4. He/sheistheProtectorofpublicinterestsi.
epr ot ect
s  Theseor gansprotectandguar
ant
eeNat
ional
Secur
it
y.
chari
tabl
eendowment s/adv i
sesondi sbursementofpubl ic
funds. Nati
onalsecuri
ty.
5. He/shei samemberoft heJudicialCommi ssiont hatadvises

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 55
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
8. InvasionofKeny a’
ster r
it
orialwatersbyf orei
gn
 Thi sisthepr otect ionofagai nstinternal andexternalthreatsto fi
shermenandf orei
gnf i
shingv esselsf r
om foreign
Keny a’snat i
onal i
nt egri
tyandsov ereignty,it
speople,their countr
ieslikeChi na.
rightsfreedoms, property, peace, stabil
ityandpr osperi
tyand 9. Thel ocationofMoi Ai rBaseatEast l
eighwhich
ot hernati
onal i
nt erests. i
shumancongest edi nterf
ereswi thlanding.
 Theconst it
ut i
onhasest abl i
shedt heNat ionalSecuri
tyCounci l 10. All
egat i
onsofv i
olat
ionofhumanr ightse.g.
tosuper viseov ert heNat ional secur i
tyor gans. duri
ngt he2007post -
electionviolence,
 TheCounci l consi stsoft hePr esi
dent ,Deput ypresi
dent, thear mywer edepl oyedt or estorepeaceatMtEl gonar ea
Cabi netsecr etaryi nchar geofdef ence, cabinetsecretar
yi n wheret heyrappedwomen,har assedpeopl e,et
c
char geoff oreignaf fai
rs,cabi netsecr etaryinchargeofi nternal
secur it
y,AG, Chi efofKeny aDef enceFor ces,Dir
ectorgener alof TheNati
onalIntelli
genceSer vice( NIS)
theNat i
onal
Intell
igenceSer viceandI nspect or-Gener aloftheNat i
onal  Thef orceprotectst henat ionalsecur i
tyinterest
sofKeny aand
Pol i
ceSer vice. safeguardstheci t
izensf rom sucht hreatsliketerr
orism.

Funct
ionsoft
heNat
ionalSecur
it
yCounci
l. I
tsf
unct
ions

1. Itintegratest hedomest ic,forei

gnandmi l
it
arypoli
cies 1. Iti
sr esponsibleforsecurit
yintelli
genceand
relati
ngt onat i
onal securityforthenati
onal secur
it
yor gansto count erintel
li
gencet oenhancenat i
onal securi
ty.
oper ateef fecti
vely. 2. Itperformsanyot herfunctionsaccor dingtot he
2. Itassessandappr aisestheobj ecti
ves,commi tmentsand national l
egislati
on.
riskst other epublici nrespectt oact
ual andpotenti
alnat i
onal 3. Itl
iaiseswi t
hKeny aPoliceCr i
mi nal
secur it
ycapabi l
it
ies. Investigati
onDepar tment(CID)toinvest i
gatesome
3. Itrepor tsannual l
yt opar l
iamentonst ateoft hesecuri
tyof threatsthathav ecri
mi nali
mplicati
one. g.terr
orism.
Keny a. 4. Itprotectshumanr ightsissuesandi ndividual
4. Wi thappr ov alofpar li
ament ,thecouncilmaydeploynat ional freedoms.
forcesout sideKeny aforinternati
onalpeace. 5. Itobtainsinformati
onf r
om bot hopenand
5. Wi thappr ov alofpar li
ament ,itmayalsoappr ovedeployment conf i
dent i
alsour cestoassistthegov ernmenti ndecision
off oreignf orcesinKeny a. maki ng.

 Thenati
onalsecuri
tyorgansi
ncl
udeKenyaDefenceForces, Chal
lenges.
Nati
onalI
ntell
igenceServi
ceandNat
ionalPol
iceSer
vice.
1. Lackoft rustf rom Keny anci t
izensdeni est hem
TheKeny
aDef
enceFor
ces thenecessar yinfor mat ion.
2. Financi allyandpol iti
cal l
y ,
itisaccusedt obea
 Thesei
ncludetheKenyaArmy,Keny
aNav yandKenyaAi
rFor
ce toolfort ortureandoppr essionwhi chdi sregar dedt hel aw
 Theypr
otectthecount
ryagai
nstext
ernal
aggressi
on. andconst itution.
3. Lackofcl eardi ffer encebet weenaccount abi li
ty
Thei
rfunct
ions andnecessar ysecr ecy .Itshoul dbeaudi tedl i
keanyot her
governmentor gani zation.
1. Theydef endt hecountryfr
om ext er
nal attacksandaggr essi
on 4. Growi ngv ol
umeandcompl exityof
throught heairorwaterorland. communi cat i
onsar eachal lengeast hegov ernment
2. Theypar tici
pateinpubli
cwor ks/nat i
onbui ldi
ngact i
vit
iese.g. agenci eshav et oi nterceptandt hei nformat ioncanbe
roadconst r
ucti
on(publi
c/nat i
onbui ldinginiti
ativ
e) usedi ncour tasev i
dence.
3. Theypr ov i
deemer gencyservi
cese. g.fightingfir
e 5. Thecompl exityoft het askr equi rescont inuous
4. Theypar tici
pateinter
nati
onalpeacekeepi ngmi ssions. capaci tymeasur esl iker egul art raini
ng.
5. Theysomet imesassisttheregularpol i
cei nmai ntai
ninglaw 6. Highr anki ngpol iticianshav eal way si nterf ered
andor der. withoper ati
onsoft hef orce.
6. Theypr ov i
deentertai
nmentduringnat ional functi
ons. 7. Limi t
edf inanci alandhumanr esour cest or units
7. TheNav yspeciali
zesindetecti
ngandf ightingoffcriminals operations.
whousewat ermassest ocommi tcr i
mei nKeny a. 8. Keny anshav enoi deaoft heoper ationsi nt he
NISe. g.dur ingt he2008v i
olence, ifthef orcewasdoi ngits
Chal
lengesf
aci
ngt
heKeny
aDef
enseFor
ces. workef fi
ciently ,
thi scoul dhav ebeenpr event ed, hence
blamedbyt hepubl ic.
1. I
nv olv
ementi ncasesofi ndiscipli
nee. g. 9. Lackofpowert of ollowuponi mpl ement ing
att
empt edcoupof1982, thei
radv i
ce.
2. Someoft hem hav ebeeninvolvedi ncor r
upt
dealsintheiroperations. TheNat
ionalPol
iceSer
vice.
3. Regionalism, t
ribali
sm andnepot ism havealso
beenpr act
icedint hef or
ces.  I
tcompr i
sesoftheKenyaPoli
ceServ i
ceandtheAdmini
str
ati
on
4. I
nadequat efundsdur ingeconomi cdiffi
cult Poli
ce(AP).
ti
mes  TheServi
ceisheadedbyInspector
-General
andeachunit
5. Oppor t
uni t
iestof urt
hereducat ionarenot headedbyaDeput yI
nspect
or-General
.
avai
ledt omostoft heper sonnel i
nthefor ces.
6. Conser v
at i
v eregulat
ionslikegender -based Funct
ions
di
scriminati
onar eexper iencedint heforces.
7. Piracyandmi l
iti
aat t
acksandr aidsatt heKenya 1. Topreventcorr
upti
onandpromoteandpr
acti
setranspar
ency
boarderisalsoexper ienced. andaccountabi
li
ty.
2. Toensurecompl i
ancewi
thconst
it
uti
onal
standar
dsofhuman

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 56
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
ri
ght sandf undament alfreedoms.
3. Tof ost erandpr omot egoodr elationshi pwi ththesociety. 1.Theyconf ineinmat esconv i
ctedbythel awcourts,toprotect
4. Tot rainst afft or especthumanr ightsandf undament al public’
sr ightsand
fr
eedomsanddi gnity . freedoms.
5. Tomai ntainlawandor derbyar restingl awbr eakers. 2.Theywat chov erbehav i
ourofsuspect edcr i
minalswher ecases
6. Topr ot ectt hel awt osaf eguar dlifeandpr oper ty. arest i
llpendingi nl aw
7. Todet ectcr imet hroughpat r
olsandar restthesuspect sand cour ts.
handt hem ov ert ot herelev antaut hor it
y . 3.Theyexecut iv
e( i
mpl ement )thedecisionsofthecour tsregardi
ng
8. Toi nvest igatecr imeandpr osecut et hesuspect sincourtoflaw. thetreatmentoft he
9. Toconf i
nesuspect edcr imi nalsinr emandast heyawaitthe pr i
soner s.
hear i
ngandr ulingoft heircasesi ncour t. 4.Theyr ehabi l
it
atei nmat est hroughcounselinginanat temptto
10. Tor egul atet rafficandar resttrafficof f
ender s. correctthei rbehav iour .
11. Topr ov i
deassi stanceandr eli
efser vicest ov i
cti
msofnat ural 5.Theyof ferpr i
soner sv ocationaltr
ainingtomaket hem pr oducti
ve
calami tiese. g.f l
oods. cit
izensaf t
ert hen
12. Tot akepar tinnat ional projectse. g.const r
uct i
onofbr i
dges. jailterm.
13. Tol eaddur ingpubl ichol i
day sbycont roll
ingcr owdsand 6.Theyt akecar eoft hewel fareofprisonersbyprov i
dingthem with
prov i
deent ertainment . thenecessar ybasi c
14. Tol i
aisewi thi nternat i
onal police( Interpol),toinvesti
gateand needse. g.medi cal attent
ion.
arresti nternat i
onal 7.Theyhel pinconf iningconv i
ctedpeoplewhoar eat hreattostate
crimi nal se.g.t errorists secur i
ty.

Pr
obl
emsf
aci
ngt
heNat
ional
Pol
iceSer
vice Chal
lengesf
aci
ngcor
rect
ional
ser
vicesdepar
tment

1. Poorandi nadequat etranspor tandcommuni cati

on 1. Congest ioni npr isonsduet or i
singcr imer at e.
2. Theyhav ebeenaccusedofcor ruptionwhi chhamper stheir 2. Fr equentout br eakandspr eadofdi seaseduet ocongest ion.
oper at ions. 3. Mi streatmentofpr isoner sbypr isonwar der s.
3. Hi ghconcent rat i
onofpopul ationi nsomear easl i
kesl ums. 4. I nadequat ebasi cf acilitatese. g.medi cal,clot hing, et c.
4. Pol iti
cal i
nt erferencewhi chint erfereswi tht heiract i
viti
es. 5. Poorl i
v i
ngandwor kingcondi ti
onsf orpr isonwar der s
5. I nfluxanduseofsophi st i
catedequi pmenti ncr i
me, which 6. Poorr emuner at ionandt ermsofser vicef ort hewar ders
comef rom nei ghbor i
ngcommuni ties. 7. Cor rupt i
onamongt hewar der sandot herseni orof ficials.
6. Ter ror i
sm act ivitiesar oundt hegl obe. 8. I nterferencebyi nf luent i
al peopl e.
7. Moder nizat ionandadv ancementi ni nf ormat iont echnology 9. Rapi dchangesaf fect ingpr i
soner s.
e.g.cy ber crimeshav eincr eased. 10. Shor tageoff inancet or unt hei nst it
ut i
ons.
8. Pooranddanger ousl iv i
ngandwor kingcondi ti
ons 11. Somei nmat eshav ehar denedhencedi fficultt or ehabi l
itate
9. Poorr elationshi pwi tht hepubl icwhoar er eluct anttogi ve them.
them i nfor mat i
on. 12. Longdel aysi nt hecompl eti
onofcour tcaseswor sen
10. Lackofr egul ari n-serv i
cet raini ngf ort heof ficersofl ower congest ioni npr isons.
ranks, whi chhasl ower edt hei rper for mancei npubl i
cr el
ations 13. Shor tageoft rai nedcounsel or st or ehabi li
tat ei nmat es.
andhumanr i
ght sandquestf orpr omot ion.
11. Lackofani nf ormat i
ont echnol ogypol icy ,ast heyr elyon Remedi es
out dat edmet hodsofr ecor dkeepi ng, givingr i
set ocasesof
l
ostf iles. 1. Pr ov i
sionofbet terf oodandi mpr ov edmedi cal ser vices.
12. Incompet enceofsomepol i
ceof f
icer s, whi char isesf r
om 2. Pr ov i
sionofsuf fi
ci entcl othi ngandbeddi ng.
recr uitmentofl owacademi cal ly,qual ifiedpeopl elackof 3. Ef fi
cientt ranspor tbypur chasi ngnewv ehi cles.
pr omot ion. 4. Rel easeofdeat h- rowi nmat eswhohav eser vedf orov er10
13. Poormet hodsofi nvest igation, ast her eisl ackofpr oper yearsawai tingexecut ion.
trainingoni nvest igationandl ackofaccesst osophi sti
cated 5. St ream l i
ni ngoft hehear i
ngofcasest okeeppr isoner si n
for ensi cf aci l
i
t i
es. remandf orashor tper iod.
14. Lackofaccount abili
tyandt ranspar ency 6. Equi ppi ngt hepr i
sonswi t
hmeansofcommuni cat ione. g.
15. Shor tageofper sonnel TV’s, Radi oset ci nt hei rbusesandr esi dence.
16. Poorr emuner ation
JUDICI ARY
Remedi es
 I tconsi stsoft hej udgesoft heCour ts, magi strat es, and
1. Acqui sitionofmoder ncommuni cat ionequi pmentand theot herof fi
cer sandst aff.
vehi clest oi mpr ov et ranspor tandcommuni cat i
on.
2. I ntroduct ionofpubl i
cr elationsof ficerandspokesper son.
3. Rai sequal ifi
cat i
onr equi rement s.
4. I ntroduct ionofpr ofessi onal tr
ai ni
ngpr ogr ammes. Rolesoft heJudi ci aryi nKeny a
5. I mpr ov ementi nl i
v i
ngandwor kingcondi tionsandt erms.
6. Communi typol i
cinghasbeeni ntr
oduced. 1. Admi nistrat i
onofj ust i
ce
2. I
nt er pret ationoft heconst it
ut ion.
Corr
ectionalSer v ices
Pri
ncipl esoft hej udi ci ary
 Thi swasest abl i
shedi nt heconst it
ut iont opr ov i
decor r
ection
measur est oconv ictedcr iminal s. 1. Just i
cemustbedonet oal l,r
egar dl essofst atus.
2. Just i
ceshal l notbedel ay ed.
Funct
ions 3. Al ternativef or msofdi sput er esol utionmustbepur sued
incl udingr econci li
at ion, medi ation, arbitrationandt radi t
ional .

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 57
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
4. Justi
ceshallbeadmi nist
eredwit
houtunduer
egar
dto
procedural
techni
cal
ities. Qual
if
icat
ions
5. Purposeandpr i
nci
plesoft heconst
it
uti
onmustbepr
otect
ed
andpr omoted. 1. Adegr eeinlawf r
om arecogni
zeduniversi
ty.
2. Atleast10y ears-
experi
enceasasuperiorcourtjudgeor
St
ruct
ureandf
unct
ionsofcour
tsy
stem i
nKeny
a. professi
onallyquali
fi
edmagist
rateordisti
nguishedacademi
c
orlegalpracti
ti
onerorinanyotherr
elevantlegalfi
eld.
 Thecour tsy stem i nKeny aconsi stsofSupr emeCour t ,Cour tof
Appeal ,TheHi ghCour tandSubor dinatecour ts( Magi strates Functi
onsoft heHi ghCour t
.
courts,Kadhi ’
scour ts,Cour tsMar shal andanyot hertribunal s
thatmaybeest abli
shedbyanActofPar l
iament ). 1. I thandlesci vil
andcr imi nal case.
2. I tdetermi nesifar ightoraf undament alfreedom hasbeen
NB/Thesuper i
oronesar eSupr emeCour t
,Cour tofAppeal andt he viol
ated, denied, i
nf r
ingedort hreatened.
HighCour twhi letheot hersar esubor di nat
e. 3. I thearsanyquest ionsr egar dingt hei nterpretat
ionoft he
constituti
on.
SupremeCour t 4. I thearscasesofl argeamountofmoneyorcasesofser ious
crime.
 I tcompr isest heChi efJust ice,theDeput yChi efJust i
ceand5 5. I tdealswi thpet it
ioncases.
judges. 6. I tcorrectsanyi rregul ar
itiesi ndeci sionsbyt helowercour t
s.
 Theyr etir
eat70y earsofage, thought heycanchooset or eti
re 7. I thasadmi nistrati
v ejurisdictionov ermar i
ti
meornav al aff
airs.
at60. 8. I thearscasesr egar dingi nher it
ance.
9. I texercisesdi vorcej uri
sdi ction.
Quali
ficati
onst ot heSupr emeCour t
. 10. Itdealswi thanycasebet weenanyper sonsf r
om anypar tof
thecount ry/unl imitedt er ri
torialjurisdiction.
1. Adegr eei nlawf rom ar ecogni zeduni v ersityor 11. I tprotectst heright sandf undament alfreedomsi ntheBi ll
of
anadv ocat eoft heHi ghCour t. Rights.
2. Atleast15y earsofexper i
enceasasuper ior 12. Ithearsanappeal fr
om adeci sionofat r
ibunal appointedunder
cour tjudgeorasadi st i
nguishedacademi c,j
udicial of f
icer
, theconst ituti
onei thertoconsi derr emov aloftheper sonf rom
legal pract it
ionerorot herrelevantlegal field. offi
ce.
3. Highmor alcharact er,i
ntegrityandi mpar tiali
ty. 13. I tsuper vi
sesov erthesubor dinatecour tsandanyot herper son,
bodyoraut hority
Functionsoft heSupr emeCour t. exercisingaj udicial f
unct ion.

1. I thear sanddet er minesdi sput esov ertheel

ect iontot
heof fi
ce Ter
minat
ionofaj
udgef
rom of
fi
ce.
ofthepr esi
dent .(Origi
nalJur i
sdi cti
on).
2.Ithear sappeal casesf rom theCour tofappeal,Hi ghCourtand 1. Duephy sical
orment alincapaci
tat
ion.
anyot herl owerCour t s. 2. Breachofcodeofconductpr escri
bedforjudgesorsuper
ior
3.Itl
istenst opet iti
onsont heint erpr etati
onorappl icati
onofthe courtsbyanactofpar l
i
ament .
constituti
on. 3. Ifhe/shedeclar
edbankr uptbycourtoflaw.
4.Onr equestbyt heNat ionalGov ernmentoranyot herstat
eor gan 4. Ifhe/shei si
ncompet ent.
orcount y, i
tmay 5. Gross-misconductormi sbehavi
orbythejudge.
adv i
seonanymat terconcer ningt hesame.
5.Itbindsal ltheot hercour ts. Magi
str
atesCour
ts
6.Itmayr eviewcer ti
ficationoft heCour tofAppeal onmat t
ersof
general publ i
cinterest ,  I
tisheadedbymagist
ratesasjudges.
andmayei theraf f
irm, var
yorov erturnt hecert
if
icat i
on/Itmakes  Theyexerci
sebot
hori
ginalandappell
atej
uri
sdi
cti
onl
i
mit
edt
o
rul
esf ort hrexercise ageographi
carea
ofitsjur i
sdicti
on.
Funct
ions.
Cour
tofAppeal
.
Theydeal
wit
hcr
imi
nal
andci
vi
lmat
ter
sconcer
ning:
 I
tconsistsofatl
east12judges,f
rom whom t
heyel
ecta
presi
dent. 1. Claimsundercust
omarylawe.g.dowry.
Theyareappointedbyt
hepresidentonrecommendat
ionbyt
he 2. Divorce
Judi
cialSer
viceCommission(J.S.C.)
. 3. Legiti
macy
4. Admi ni
str
ati
onofest
atesofthedeceasedperson.
Qual
i
ficat
ions. 5. Customarymatter
sonland,adul
teryandinher
it
ance.

 Atl east10y ear

s-exper
ienceasasuperi
orcourtjudgeora TheKadhi
’
sCour
ts
distingui
shedacademi corlegal
pract
it
ionerorinanyother
relevantlegalfi
eld.  TheIslamicShar
ial
awisappli
edinthesecourt
s,headedbyt
he
Kadhis.
 I
tdeal
swi
thAppel
lat
eJur
isdi
cti
on.  Theydealwithmatt
ersconcer
ningi
nheri
tance,
divorceor
marri
age.
TheHi
ghCour
t  Bothparti
esmustbeMuslims

 Judgesher
eareappoint
edbythepr
esidenton TheCour
tsMar
ti
al
recommendat
ionbytheJudi
cial
Ser
viceCommi ssi
on(
J.S.C.
).

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 58
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
 Thesearemi li
tarycourtsconv enedbyTheChi efofGeneral 5. I
thel
pst
osat
isf
ythedemandoft
hepeopl
eforj
ust
ice.
Staf
fandCommanderoft hear medforces.
 Theyaremai nlyconcer nedwithindi
scipli
neissuese.g. Funct
ionsofJudi
ciar
y
assi
sti
nganenemy ,cowardice,desert
ion,drunkenness,negl
ect
ofduty,mali
nger i
ngandabsencewi thoutleave. 1. I tsettlesdi sput esamongi ndi v i
dual sorbet weeni ndi vidual s
 Thereisnoappeal tot hehighercourtsunlessi fon andst at e
consti
tut
ionalissues. 2. I tguar ant eesr ul eofl awbyexer ci singj ust i
ce.
3. I thelpsi nt hedev el opmentofl aw, e. g.whenaj udgei sf aced
TheJudi cialSer viceCommi ssi on withacaset hati snotcov eredbyexi stingl aw, hecancomeup
withadeci si
on, usi ngpr incipl esoff ai rnessandnat ur al just i
ce.
 Thi swasi ncor por at edi nt heconst itutiont ohandl ej udicial 4. I tadmi ni ster sj ust ice, thuspuni shi ngcr imi nal saccor di ngt othe
mat ter s. l
aw.
5. I tguar dst heconst itutional asi tmakessur et hatenact edl aw
Itcompr i
ses conf or mst ot heconst itut ion.
6. I trecommendschi ldrent oappr ov edschool s, t
hus
1. Chi efj ust iceaschai rper son rehabi litatingt hem.
2. 1Supr emeCour tjudgeel ect edbyt hej udgesoft hesamecour . 7. I
t tarrangesf ort headmi ni strationofdeceased’ sest at esby
3. 1Cour tofAppeal judgeel ect edbyCour tofAppeal judges. appoi nt ingguar diansort rust ees.
4. 1Hi ghCour tjudgeand1magi strat e( amanandawoman) 8. I tswear si nt hepr esi dentandot hergov er nmentof f
icial sbyt he
electedbymember soft heAssoci at ionofj udgesand ChiefJust ice.
magi strat es.
5. At tor neyGener al
. Howt heJudi ci aryensur esf air nessi nt headmi ni str ationofj ust i
ce.
6. 2adv ocat es, amanandawomanof15y ears- exper ience
electedbyt heLawSoci et yofKeny a. 1. TheJudi ci al Ser v i
ceCommi ssi onensur est hatj udges
7. 1per sonnomi nat edbyt hePubl icSer vi
ceCommi ssi on dischar get hei rdut ieswi thouti nt erfer ence.
8. Amanandawomanr epr esent ingt hepubl ic, notl awy er s, 2. Suspect edcr imi nal sar ehel di nnocentunt il prov edgui ltyi na
appoi nt edbyt hepr esi dentandappr ov edbyt heNat ional cour tofl aw, giv ingt hem achancet obehear dbycour ts.
Assembl y . 3. Per sonsf oundadmi nist er i
ngmobj ust i
cear el iablet o
9. Chi efr egi st raroft hej udi ci aryassecr etar y
. prosecut ion.
4. Suspect edcr imi nal sar eent i
tledt ol egal repr esent ationt hrough
Funct i
onsoft heJSC. anadv ocat eoft heHi ghCour t.
5. Suspect edcr imi nal sofser i
ouscr i
mee. g.mur derar e
1. I tpromot esandf aci litatesi ndependenceandaccount abili
tyof guar ant eedf reegov ernmentser vicesofbei ngr epresent edby
thej udi ciar yandadmi nistrat ionofj ust i
ce. adv ocat e.
2. I trecommendst ot hepr esi dentt heper sonst obeappoi ntedas 6. Per sonsnotsat isfiedwi tht hev er dictar eal lowedt oappeal toa
j
udges. highercour t.
3. I trev i
ewsandmakesr ecommendat i
onsont hecondi t
ionsof
serv i
ceofj udgesandj udi ci al officer sot hert hant heir Chi
efJust ice
remuner at i
ons.
4. I tappoi nts, r
ecei v escompl ainsagai nst ,invest igatesandt akes Funct i
ons
actionagai nstj udi cial of fi
cer s.
5. I tprepar esandi mpl ement spr ogr ammesf ort hecont i
nui ng 1. He/ shei st heheadoft hej udi ciar yashegi v esdi rect i
v eson
educat ionandt raini ngofj udgesandj udi ci
al of fi
cer s. howt hej udi ciar yshoul dadmi ni st erj ust i
cei nt hear bi trat ionof
6. I tadv isest henat ional gov er nmentoni mpr ov i
ngt heef ficiency disput es.
ofadmi nist rationofj ust ice. 2. He/ shechai rst hej udi cial serv icecommi ssi onasheadv ises
thePr esi dentonappoi ntment , remov al andpr omot ionof
NB/Thespeci al cour t
si ncl udeKadhi cour ts, Militarycour ts/Cour t
s j
udgesofcour tofAppeal andHi ghCour t.
mar t
ial,Juv eni le/chi ldr en’scour t
sandI ndust ri
al cour ts/Speci al 3. He/ shepr escr i
besf eest obechar gesbyt hecour ts.
tri
bunal se. g.r entr est ri
ct ionandbusi nesspr emi sest ribunal /Law 4. He/ sheexer cisest heconst itut i
onal funct i
onsv est edi nt he
societyofKeny a. Supr emeCour t,Hi ghCour tandCour tofAppeal .
5. He/ sheswear si nt hecabi netandt hepr esident , adv ocat esof
highcour t.
6. He/ sheadv i
sesonr emov al ofpr esi dentongr oundof
SourcesofKeny anl aw i
ncapaci tycour ts.
7. Wi thconsul t
at ionwi thKadhi cour ts, hedet er mi nest he
1. Af ricancust oms/cust omar yl aw establ ishmentofKadhi cour ts.
2. Rel igion 8. He/ sheappoi ntsj udgest obemember soft her ulescommi t
tee
3. Br iti
shcommonl aw( age- ol dcust omsandj udi ci
al deci sions). whi chdr awst hepr ocedur et obef ol l
owedi nal mostal l casesi n
4. Act sofpar l
iament/l egi slat ion cour ts.
5. Judi cial pr ecedent se. g.whatcour tofappeal rulesi sal so 9. He/ shesuper visesadmi ni strat i
v el yt hesubor dinat ecour ts,
appl i
edbyt heot hercour ts. thusmagi st rates’ cour t sandKadhi cour ts.

Obj
ect
ivesofsent
enci
ngl
aw-
breaker
s I
ndependenceofJudi
ciar
y

1. I
thelpstodetercri
minalsfr
om futur
ecrime. -Thisreferstot hecapacit
yofthecourt
stoperformthei
r
2. I
tdeterother
sf r
om commi t
ti
ngsimilarcr
ime. constituti
onal
3. I
thelpstosecureforpubli
caper i
odofprotect
ionf
rom t
he functionsfreef r
om actualorappar
entdependenceuponany
of
fenderwhoi sinpri
son. personsor
4. Torefor
m orrehabil
it
atethecr
iminal. insti
tuti
ons, part
icul
arl
ytheexecuti
veandlegisl
atur
e.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 59
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
-
Itrequi
resthatthej
udi
ciar
ybefreef
rom bi
as,i
ndependentandnot
answerabl
et oanyaut
hori
tyi
ntheexer
ciseofi
tspowers.

I
mpor
tanceofi
ndependenceoft
hej
udi
ciar
y Pr
inci
plesofr
uleofl
aw

1. Iti
st hebasi softher uleoflaw. 1. Al llawsshoul dbepr ospect i
v eandopen, thuswhent heyar e
2. Itenablest hecourtst ointerpr
etthelawwithoutunduefearor passed, t
heyshoul donl yappl yi nf utur e.
pressur e. 2. Lawsshoul dber elat i
v elyst abl e, notchangi ngt ooof t
en
3. Itsafeguar dsthejudiciaryfrom t
heabuseofpowerbyt he 3. Themaki ngofcer tai nl awsshoul dbegui dedbyopen, stable,
l
egislatureandt heexecut i
ve clearandgener al rules.
4. Ithelpst heestabl
ishmentofef fi
cientandeff
ecti
vecommer ci
al 4. Thei ndependenceoft hej udi ciar ymustbeguar ant eed.
andf inancialmarkets. 5. Thepr inci plesofnat ur al j
ust icemustbef ol l
owed.
5. Itpromot esliber
tyforci t
izens. 6. Thecour tsshoul dhav epower st orev iewt heimpl ement ati
onof
thesepr inci ples
Pri
ncipalsofi ndependenceoft heJudi ci ary 7. Thecour tsshoul dbeeasi lyaccessi ble, thusnott oo
i
nt i
mi dat ingandexpensi ve, tot hedi sadv ant ageoft hepoor .
1. I tisconst itutional andhencet hegov ernmenthasnoopt ionbut 8. Thedi scr etionofsecur it
yf orcesshoul dnotbeal lowedt o
respecti t. prev entl aw.
2. Judi cialof ficersshal ldecidemat t
er sbef oret hem i mpar t
ially,
ont hebasi soff actsaccor dingt ot hel aw. I
mpor tanceofr uleofl aw.
3. Noi nt erferencewi tht hejudi cial process, norshal lthej udi ci
al
deci sionsbyt hecour tsber evised. 1. I tpr otect st her i
ghtofi ndi vidual s/gr oups.
4. Thecour tsandj udiciarymusthav et heconf idenceoft he 2. I tspel lsoutr ulesofconduct/r esponsi bilitiesamongpeopl e.
communi tyi nor dert omai nt aint hei raut hori
ty . 3. I tpr omot esf airnessi nt headmi nistrationofj ustice/equal i
ty
bef oret hel aw.
Li
mitationsofj udi cialindependence 4. I tcreat espeaceandor derint hesoci ety.
5. I tgiv esdi rect iononwhati sr ightandwr ong.
1. Fi nanci al dependenceont heexecut iveandext er nal assi stance.
2. Massmedi a, quest i
oni ngthepr acticeoft hej udicial Howt hegov ernmentuphol dsr uleofl awi nt hecount ry.
i
ndependenceandt heabi l
ityofcour tst obef air.
1. Byest abl ishi ngani ndependentcour tsy st em t ot rycriminals
Howj udici ali
ndependencei sprot ect ed andci v ilof fences.
2. Ensur ingt hatsuspect edcr i
mi nal sar et riedi nacour tofl aw
1. Thej udiciaryhasbeensepar atedf rom t heot heror gansof andi ff oundgui lty,theyar esent enced.
gov er nment . 3. Byal l
owi ngt hosef oundgui l
tyt oappeal forr etrial.
2. Judgesandmagi stratesar eappoi nt edbyt heJudi ci alSer v i
ce 4. Byempower ingpar l
iamentt ocont r
ol theexcessesoft he
Commi ssionandnott hePubl icSer viceCommi ssion. execut iv eandt hej udi ciary.
3. Thel ongert enur eofj udgesl eadst opr ofici
encyandenhances 5. Byent itlinganyaccusedper sonl egal repr esent ationbyan
theirabi li
tyt oper form dut i
eswi thdi li
gence; other wiset he adv ocat eoft hehi ghcour t.
j
udgescoul ddependonappoi ntingbodyf orr e-appoi ntment . 6. Byar rest ingcr i
mi nals.
4. Secur it
yoft enur ef orjudgesmakest hem i mpar t
ial;not 7. Bysubj ect ingal l citi
zensi nt hecount rytobegov ernedbyt he
dependi ngonsomeone samel aw.
5. Theoat hofal legiancebyj udgest oper form dut ieswi thoutf ear
orf av our. Concept sofnat ur al just ice
6. Judgesandmagi stratesar enotanswer ablet ot heexecut i
ve,
hencenotsubj ectt ov icti
mi zat i
onandmol estation.  Thi sr ef erst ot her equi rementt hatt hepeopl eorbodi est hat
7. Thej udiciaryhasasepar atesy stem ofcommand, headedby solv edi sput esadher et oatl eastmi nimal standar dsoff air
theChi efJust i
ce. deci sion- maki ng
8. Remuner at i
onsoft hej udgesar enotdi scussedi npar l
iament .  Thi si sal way sgui dedbyt hequest ion“ i
st hisf air”,beforethe
actioni st aken.
Rul
eofl aw
Pri
nciplesofnat ur aljust ice

1. Thej udici alservicecommi ssi onensur esthatjudgesdischarge

theirdut ieswi thoutinter
ference.
Thisistheexer ciseofgov ernmentaut horityaccordingtowr i
tt
en
2. Suspect edcr iminalsareheldi nnocentunt i
lprovenguilt
yby
andest abl
ishedl awsandpr ocedur es.
cour tofl aw.
3. Peopl ef oundadmi ni
ster
ingmobj usti
ceareliableto
Element sofr uleoflaw
prosecut i
on
4. Suspect edcr iminalsareent it
ledt olegalr
epresentati
ont hrough
1. Pr i
ncipl
eofl egal
it
y
theadv ocateoft hehighcour t.
Thust hestat ecanonl yexer ci
set hosepower sgrantedtoitbythe
5. Per sonsnotsat i
sfiedwithv erdictareall
owedt oappeal toa
law,soast opr omoteagov ernmentofl aw,andnotofmen.
highcour t.
2. Separ ati
onoft he3armsofgov er
nment ,thustheyshoul dhave
6. Suspectcr i
mi nalsofseriouscr i
mese. g.murderareguar anteed
equalpower sandcontr oleachot hert hr
ought hesy st
em of
freegov ernmentser vi
cesofbei ngrepresentedbyanadv ocate.
checksandbal ances.
7. Thosei nv ol
v edinadi sputeshoul dbegi venadequat enot i
ce
3. Equal i
tybef orethelaw; thusev eryoneshoul dbet reat
edequall
y
bef oretheyar ehear d.
befor
et hel aw
8. Noper sonshoul dbeanadj udi catorofhis/herowncase.
4. Thej udiciaryshouldwor kwithoutf earorfavour
9. Aj udgeshoul dnothav eani nterestinacaset oavoidbias.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 60
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

Rul
eagai
nstbi
as.  I
tmai
nlyai
medatl
i
mit
ingt
hepoweroft
heCent
ral
gov
ernment
.

 Theadj udi cator(Arbit

rator)shoul
dbef airandj ust
,andlett
he 1. Topr omot edemocr at i
candaccount abl eexer ciseofpower .
culpritunder standhow, whyandt heeffectofthedecisi
on. 2. Tof ost ernat ional uni tybyr ecogni zingdi versity.
 Nat uraljusticeisthereforeaconceptusedt oensurethat 3. Togi v epower sofsel f-gov ernancet ot hepeopl eandpr omot e
properpr oceduresar efoll
owedt oallowaf airhear
ingtooccur. theirpar ti
cipat ioni ndeci sion- maki ngonmat terst hataf fects
 Itrequirest hatonei sinnocentuntilhe/shepl eadsorisproven them att hel ocal lev el.
guiltybycour toflaw. 4. Tor ecogni zet her ightofcommuni t i
est omanaget hei rown
affairsf orf ur therdev elopment .
JudicialRight s/Fai rhear i
ng 5. Topr ot ectandpr omot et hei nter est sandr i
ght sofmi nor it
ies
andmar ginalizedcommuni ties.
1. Onemustbegi venanoppor t
uni tyt odef endhi msel f/Shoul d 6. Toensur eequi tabl eshar i
ngofnat ional andl ocal r
esour ces
behear d. throughoutt hecount ry .
2. Onehasar ight st oappeal 7. Tof acilitat et hedecent ralizat i
onofst ateor gansandt heir
3. Oneshoul dbepr esentwhencour tpr oceedi ngsar et akingpl ace. functionsandser v i
cesf rom t hecapi tal ofthecount ry .
4. Onehasar ightt ol egal repr esent at ion. 8. Tohav echecksandbal ancesandt hesepar ationofpower s.
5. Onei si nnocentunt il pr ov engui lty. 9. Topr omot esoci al andeconomi cdev elopment , andt he
6. Onemustbei nf ormedoft hechar geswi t
hsuf fici
entdet ailsso prov i
sionofeasi l
yaccessi bleser v icest hroughoutt hecount ry.
astopr epar eadef ense.
7. Oneshoul dnotbef or cedt ogi veev idence. Pri
nciplesofdev olv edgov er nment .
8. Oneshoul dbegi venadequat et i
met oconsul twi tht he
advocat eorwi tness 1. Itshal lbebasedondemocr aticpr i
nci plesand
9. Onemustbegi vent imepr epar ehi s/herdef enseandconsul ta thesepar at i
onofpower .
l
awy erofhi schoi ce. 2. Itwi l
l hav er eliablesour cesofr ev enuet oenabl e
10. Oneshoul dbegi venachancet opl eadf orl eni ence. them t ogov er nanddel iverser vicesef fect ively.
3. Ensur egenderbal ancei nt heirr espect i
v ebodi es.
Factorst hatmayunder mi net headmi ni strationofj usticei nKeny a. 4. Itisf oundedont hedoct ri
neofsepar ationof
power s.
1. Censor ingj udgespubl i
clyondeci sionsmadei n
cour tmayi nf luencet hef i
nal judgment/Pol it
ical
i
nt er ference, assomesuspect edcr i
mi nal smaybef reed
onor der sf rom abov ewi thoutf ollowi ngl ai ddown Str
uctureandf unct ionsoft hecount ygov ernment .
pr ocedur e.
2. Cor r uptpr act icesbysomej udi cialper sonnel Thecount ryisdi videdi nt o47count ies, namel y1-Bar ingo, 2-
andpol iceof f i
cer s. Bomet , 3-Busi a,
3. Lackofi mpar ti
ali
tydur i
ngt r
ialsmayl eadt o 4-Bungoma, 5-El gei y oMar akwet ,6-Embu, 7-Gar isa8-Homa
unf airj udgment Bay ,9-I siolo,
4. Highi nci dent sofcr imemaycausedel aysint he 10-Kakamega, 11-Kaj iado, 12-Ker icho, 13-Ki sumu, 14-Ki sii,
hear i
ngandf i
nal izingofcases. 15-Ki li
fi,16-Kwal e,
5. Conf ini ngsuspect si nr emandf orlongerper i
ods 17-Ki ambu, 18-Ki tui ,19-Lai ki pia, 20-Lamu, 21-Mombasa, 22-
wi thoutpr esent ingt hem t ocour tofl awf orpr osecut i
on. Mander a,
6. Fai luret opr otectt hel egal ri
ght soft heor dinary 23-Ki riny aga, 24-Mi gor i
, 25-Mar sabi t,26-Mer u, 27- Machakos,
peopl ewhent heyconf li
ctwi tht her ichandt hepoor . 28-Makueni ,
7. Lackofcommi tment/i nabi li
tybyt hepol icet o 29-Mur ang’ a, 30-Nai r obi ,31-Nakur u, 32-Nar ok33-Ny andar ua,
car ryoutt hor oughi nv est i
gat ionsonsuspect edcr i
mi nal 34-Ny er i,
act iviti
es. 35-Ny ami ra,36- Nandi ,37-Si ay a, 38- TransNzoi a, 39-Tana
8. Inabi lityofor dinarypeopl et omeett hecost sof River,40-Tai ta/Tav et a,
pr olongedcour tcases. 41-Sambur u, 42-Thar aka- Nithi,43-Tur kana, 44- Vihiga, 45-
9. Lackofknowl edgeonl egal pr ocedur eshence Uasi nGi shu, 46- Waj ir
findt hemsel vesi mpl i
cat edunf airly
. 47-WestPokot
10. Fai lurebyl egal officerst oat tendt ocases
pr ompt lyduet opr essur eofwor k/ Eachcount yhasi tsownl egisl ativear m cal l
edCount y
inadequat el egal off i
cer st ohandl et hemanycases/ Assembl yandexecut ivecal l
edCount yExecut i
v e.
Incr easedcr i
mer at e.
11. Useofout dat edcol onial l
awswhi chdonot Requirement st ochangeboundar iesofacount y.
addr esst hecur rent/cont empor aryi ssues
/Lackofmoder nt echnol ogy . 1. Popul at iondensi tyanddemogr aphi ct rends.
12. Lackofcommonl awder ai l
st heef fect iv
e 2. Phy si cal andhumani nfrast r
uct ur e.
admi ni strat i
ononj ust ice 3. Hi st or i
cal andcul tur al t
ies.
4. Thecostofadmi ni st r
ation.
5. Thev i
ewsoft hecommuni ti
esaf fect ed.
DEVOLVEDGOVERNMENT 6. Theobj ect i
vesofdev olut i
onofgov ernment .
7. Geogr aphi cal feat ur es.
Thisreferst ot hegr ant ingofpowerf r
om t hecent ral gov ernmentof
asov ereignst at et oal owerl ev el l
iker egi onal ,thusdecent rali
zat on Count
i yAssembl y
ofpowerandr esour ces.
 Thi si st hel egi slat ivear m oft hecount y.
Objectivesofdev olutionofgov er nment .

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 61
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

I
tconsi
stsof
:  TheCount
yAssembl
yhast
oadher
etot
hef
oll
owi
ng:

1. Member selectedbyregist
eredvoter
softhe 1. Thenat i
onalinterestsmustprev ai
l.
wards. 2. Itshouldconductbusi nessopenl y
,hol
dingi
tsmeet i
ngsin
2. Speci
alseatmember sforgenderbal
ance. public.
3. Member srepresenti
ngthemar gi
nali
zedgroups 3. Itshouldfaci
li
tatepubl i
cparti
cipati
onandinvol
vementevenin
i
ncl
udingt
hedisabl
edandt heyouth. i
t scommi tt
ees.
4. Thespeaker,astheex-offi
ciomember . 4. Itshouldnotexcl udethemediaorpubl i
cinit
ssitt
ingsunl
essi
n
specialci
rcumst anceswher ethespeakerhasestabli
shed
Qual
i
ficat
ionf
orel
ect
iont
otheCount
yAssembl
y. l
egiti
mat ereasonsf ordoingso.

i
) Hemustbear egist eredv ot er .  TheCount yExecut iveCommi tteei smadeupof :
j
) Hemustsat i
sfytheeducat ion, mor al andet hical requi rement s
accor dingt ot he 1. Count yGov er nor
const it
utionorActofpar liament . 2. Deput yCount yGov er nor
k) Hemustbenomi nat edbyar egi steredpol i
ti
cal party,ifshei s 3. Member sappoi ntedbyt heCount yGov er nor
notcont est i
ngasan witht heappr ov al oft heCA
i
ndependentcandi dat ewhoi ssuppor tedby500r egist er ed
vot ersint hewar d. Power sandf unct ionsoft heCount yGov er nor .
l
) Heshoul dbeofsoundmi nd.
m) Heshoul dnothav ebeendecl aredbankr uptbycour tofl aw. 1. He/ sheheadst hemanagementandco-
n) Heshoul dnotbeser vingani mpr isonmentsent enceexceedi ng ordinat i
onoft hef unct ionsoft hecount yadmi nist ration.
6mont hs. 2. He/ shenomi nat est heDeput yCount yGov ernor.
o) Hemusthav ebeenaci tizenofKeny af oratlest10y ear s 3. He/ sheappoi nt st hemember soft heCount y
pr ecedingt hedat eofel ect ion. Execut iveCommi tteewi thappr ov al oftheCount y
p) Heshoul dnothav ehel dof ficeofI EBCwi thint hel ast5y ears. Assembl y.
4. He/ shesuper v i
sest hef unct i
onsoft heCount y
Conditionst hatmayl eadt odi squal i
f i
cat ionofcandi dat uref or Execut iveCommi ttee.
CountyAssembl y. 5. He/ shepar ticipat esi nt hel awmaki ngpr ocess.
6. He/ sheensur est hei mpl ement ationoft he
1. Ifonei sofunsoundmi nd. count yandnat i
onal legi sl ation.
2. Ifonei sbankr upt .
3. Ifser vi
ngapr isonsent enceofatl east6mont hs.  TheDeput yGov ernor( DG)mayt akeov ert heGov ernor ’sr oles
4. Ifonehol dsapubl i
cof fice. i
nt heabsenceoft hel ater.
5. Ifonehasbeenamemberoft heI ndependent
ElectoralandBoundar iesCommi ssionwi thin5y ear s Functi
onsoft heCount yExecut iv eCommi ttee( CEC)
befor etheel ect i
ondat e.
6. Ifonehasmi susedorabusedpubl icof fice. 1. Toi mpl ementcount yl egisl ation.
7. Ifonehasnotbeenaci ti
zenofKeny af orat 2. Toi mpl ementwi t
hi nt hecount y,thenat i
onal legi slat i
on.
l
east10y earsbef or et heel ect ion. 3. I tmanagesandcoor dinat est hef unct ionsoft hecount y
admi nistrat i
onandi tsdepar tment s.
Functionsoft heCount yAssembl y. 4. I tperformsanyot herf unct ionsassi gnedt oitbyt he
constitution.
1. Itexer cisest hel egislativeaut hor ityint he 5. I tmaypr epar epr oposedl egi slat i
onf orconsi der at ionand
count ybymaki ngl awst hatar enecessar yf oref fect iv
e debat ebyt heCount yAssembl y.
performanceoft hecount y . 6. I tprovidest heCount yAssembl ywi thcompl eteandr egul ar
2. Itsuper v isest hecount yexecut ivecommi t t
ee reportonmat tersr el atedt ot hecount y .
andanyot hercount yexecut iveor gans.
3. Itmayr ecei v eandappr ovepl ansandpol i
cies Functi
onsoft heCount yGov ernment s.
forthemanagementandexpl oitationoft hecount y’s
resour ces. 1. Promot i
onofAgr icul tur e, especi allyi nar eas
4. Itmayappr ov epol i
ciesf orthedev elopmentand witht hepot ent ial.
managementoft hei nf rast ruct ureandi nst i
tutionsi nt he 2. Prov i
si onandsuper v isionofcount yheal th
count y. ser vices.
5. Itenhancesl egi slationt osetoutt hest ruct ure 3. Put tingst ruct ur esi npl acet of aci li
tat ecul tur
al
andf ramewor kf ort hebet teradmi nistr
ationand act i
v i
ties, publ icent ertai nmentandpubl icameni ties.
managementoft hecount ygov ernment s. 4. For mul atingl egi slationt of acilitatet or egul ate
6. Itappr ov esov ersi ghtbudget sanddev elopment andcont rol airpol lution, otherpubl icnui sancesand
projects. out dooradv ert i
si ng.
7. Itappr ov esi nv est mentdeci sionsandl oans. 5. Ensur ingcount yt ranspor tliker ods, str
eet
8. Itsuper v isesot heruni t
swi t
hint hecount y l
ight ing, traffi
candpar ki nget c.
throughpol i
tical aut hor ity ,guidanceanddi r
ect i
on. 6. Ensur ingani mal cont rol andwel far et hrough
9. Itmoni tor st heexecut ionofpr oject sunder l
icensi ngofdogsandpr ov i
si onoff acili
tiesf ort he
appr oveddev elopmentpl ans, andassessi ngand accommodat i
on, car eandbur ial ofani mal s.
evaluat i
ngt hei rimpactondev elopmenti nt hecount y. 7. For mul atingl egi slationt of acilitatet rade
throughact i
vitiesl i
ket our ism.
Processofl awmaki ngatCount yl ev el . 8. Regul at i
ngcount ydev elopmentandpl anni ng
throughl andsur veyandmappi ng, boundar iesandf encing,

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 62
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
housing,el
ectrici
ty ,gasandener gyr egulati
on. overlapacr ossmor et hanonecount y/Cr oss-country
9. Formul atingl egisl
at i
ont opr omot eandr egulate planninganddev elopment .
educationatall l
ev els. 5. St ruct ural ov erl
apse. g.insomet ownsand
10. I
mpl ement ingspeci ficnat i
onal government citi
es,thef unct i
onsofcer tainsect ionsanduni tsare
poli
ci
esonnat ural resour cesand similar.
envi
ronment alconser vation. 6. Pol icyandl egal gaps, thusneedf orclear
11. Formul atel egislat
iont or egulatecountypubl ic guidelinesi ncer tainar easl i
ket her elati
onbet ween
worksandser vices count i
esandconst ituenci es.
12. Ensur i
ngt hatf ire-
fi
ght i
ngser vi
cesanddi saster 7. Economi esofscal ewher et hecount i
esmaybe
managementcent resar eav ailableand requiredf orjoi ntcommi tteesf oreconomi cdev elopment.
workinginthecount y. Howt odev eloppol iciesont hisislikelytobeachal l
enge.
13. Putt
ingi npl acemeasur est ocont rol
drugusage 8. Rest ructur ingt hecount iesf orcertain
andaccesst opor nogr aphyint he i
nst i
tutionst obei nlinewi tht heconst it
uti
one. g.
county. Provincial admi nistrat i
onandCDF.
14. Ensur i
ngt hepar ti
cipationofcommuni t
iesi n 9. Occur renceofnat ur alcalami ti
eslikefloods,
governanceatt hel ocal level,andassi stingthem to droughtandf ami necal li
ngf oremer gencyreliefaid.
devel
opt headmi nistrativeeffectiveness. 1.

Rel
ati
onshi
pbet
weent
henat
ional
andCount
yGov
ernment
.

1. TheNationalGov ernmentisstoppedbythe PUBLI

CREVENUEANDEXPENDI
TUREI
NKENYA
const
it
uti
onf r
om i
nterfer
ingwi ththerol
eoft heCounty
Gover
nment s.  Thisisplannedandr eadbythesecr etar
yofthemi ni
stryof
2. TheNationalGov ernment’sr
oleinthecounti
es Financeinparli
amentatt hebeginni
ngofev eryfi
nancialyeari
n
i
sseeninitsfunct
ionswhi char enotperf
ormedbyt he form ofanationalbudget.
Count
yGov ernment.  Thisnationalbudgetisacompr ehensivest
atementof
3. The2gov ernment srelat
easscheduledinthe estimatedNat i
onalGovernmentandCount yGov ernment
const
it
uti
on. revenueandexpendi tur
eduri
ngt hef i
nanci
alyear.
HowtheNat
ionalGov
ernmentexer
cisescont
rol
overt
heCount
y Composi
ti
onofagov
ernmentbudget
.
Gov
ernment
s.
1. Esti
mat edamountofrevenuerequi
redbythegov
ernment
1. TheNat ional Assembl ysetsl egislati
onst oensur ethat duri
ngt haty
ear.
Count yGov er nment shav eadequat esuppor tt oenabl et hem 2. Thev ari
oussourcesfr
om whichthegover
nmenthopestor
aise
per f
ormt heirf unctions. therevenue.
2. Thr oughnat i
onal legi slati
on, procedur esf orset tl
ing 3. Proj
ectsonwhi chtherev
enuewouldbespent.
disputesbet weent heCount yandNat ional Gov er nment sare
prov i
ded. Reasonsf
ort
hePr
epar
ati
onofanat
ionalbudgeti
nKeny
a
3. TheNat ional Gov ernmenthaspower st oi nt ervenei na
Count yGov er nmenti fitisunabl et operfor mi tsf unctions. 1. I tenabl est hegov ernmentt oi dentifysour cesofgov ernment
4. I ncaseofaconf lict,nat ionallegislati
onpr ev ai l
sov er revenuet omeeti tsfinanci al obli
gat ions.
Count yl egislation. 2. I tenabl est hegov ernmentt oexpl aini tstaxst ruct uret ot he
5. Af unct i
onorpowerofgov ernmentatonel ev elmaybe publ i
candSett het axl evel.
transferredt oagov er nmentatt heot herlev el byagr eement 3. I thelpst oensur et hatt her eisabal anceint hecount ry’s
betweent het wogov er nment s. revenueandexpendi tur e,henceav oidingbudgetdef i
cit.
6. Nat i
onal andCount yGov er
nment sper formanceoft heir 4. Thegov ernmenti sabl et oi dentifyway sofspendi ngwi thout
funct i
onsandexer ciset hei rpower swi t
hmut ual respectof anywast age.
eachot her . 5. Thepar liamenti sabl et omoni torpubl icsour ceut il
ization
7. Thet wol ev el
sofgov ernmentassi st,suppor tandconsul t throughi tswat chdogcommi t t
ees.
eachot heri npol icyimpl ement at i
on. 6. I tenabl est hegov ernmentt oi dentify/pr ior
itizet he
8. Bot hgov ernment sco- operatei nper f
or manceoft heir dev elopmentpr ojectst of inancei nt hecomi ngy ear .
funct i
onsandatt imessetupj ointcommi tt
ees. 7. Thegov ernmenti sabl et oassessi tsper for
mancei nthe
9. Bot hgov ernment swor ktoget herinexchangi ng prev i
ousy earandi mpr ovewher enecessar y.
i
nf ormat ionandco- or dinat epoliciesonadmi ni strationto 8. Thegov ernmenti sabl et osetasi desomef undst obeused
enhancecapaci ty. i
ncaseofemer genci esi nt hecour seoft hef inanci al year .
10.TheNat ional Gov ernmentt hr ought hePr esidentmay 9. Thegov ernmenti sabl et ogi veusef ulinformat i
ont ot hose
suspendt heCount yGov ernment . organi zat i
onsandi ndividual swhomaywantt okeept rackon
thegov er nmentexpendi t
ur e/ensur esaccount abili
tyand
Chal
lengesf
aci
ngCount
yGov
ernment
sandpossi
blesol
uti
ons. transpar encyi nt heey esoft hepubl ic.
10. Thegov ernmenti sabl et owi nconf idenceamongl ocal and
1. Rev enueallocat i
on, t
husi tmaynotbeeasyt o i
nt ernational dev elopment
sharetherevenuefrom t heNat ional governmentequall
y. par t
ner s/donor sthroughi t
spl ansandpol i
ciesspel touti nthe
2. Transferoff unct i
onse. g.Pre-schooleducat
ion budget .
i
smanagedbyCount yGov ernmentwhi l
et heotherl
evels 11. Itensur eequi t
abl eshar eofr esour cesandbal anced
aremanagedbyNat ional Gov ernment . dev elopment .
3. Inadequateper sonnel t
or unkeydepar tments
withi
nthecount y/needf orcapaci t
ybui ldi
ng,tr
aini
ngof St
agesi
npr
epar
ingaNat
ional
Budget
.
theoffi
cer
sf orthenewst r
uctureofgov ernment.
4. Thepr obl
em ofmanagi ngst r
uct ur
esthat 1. Eachgov
ernmentmi
nist
rypr
epar
esi
tsest
imat
e.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 63
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. Theesti
mat esareforwardedtothemi ni
stryoffinance.
3. Theministryoff
inancecompilestheestimat esintoasingle 1. Cust om dut y -
oni mpor ts
budget/theproposedbudget. 2. Exci sedut y-goodst hatar elocal l
yproducedandsol dwi thinthe
4. Theproposed/compi ledbudgetisdiscussedbyt hecabinet. count ry.
5. Thegov’tannouncesthebudgetday . 3. Val uedaddedt ax( VAT)
6. Theministeroff
inancepresents/readsthebudgetbef orethe Indirectsal est axesonspeci f
icgoodsl i
kesugar .
parl
i
ament . 4. Tr af ficr ev enuet ax-onv ariouscat egor i
esoft r
affi
cservices.
7. Theparl
iamentdiscuses/debat es/approv esthebudget. 5. I nvest mentr ev enue- from par ast atalbodiesandot herprof i
t
maki ngi nstitutionst hrought het reasur y
Pr
inciplesofpubl i
cf inance. 6. Tr adi ngl icenses-onbusi nesse. g.hotel,shop, l
iquordeal ers
etc.
1. Opennessandaccount abil
it
yi ncludingpubl icpar ti
cipationin 7. Loani nt er estr eceipt s-from par astatal
st owhi cht he
financi almat ters. gov er nmentgi vesmoneyoni nt erest.
2. Pr omot i
onofanequi t
abl esoci et
ywher ethebur denoft axati
on 8. Houser ates- from gov ernmentbui ldings.
i
sshar edequi tably. 9. Fees- from f uel ,woodet c.
3. Equal shar i
ngofnat i
onal revenueamongt henat i
onal and 10. Cour tfines
count ygov ernment s. 11. Tour ism f ees.
4. Publ i
cexpendi turegear edt owar dspr omot ingt heequi table 12. Domest i
cbor r
owi ng- throught hesal eoft reasur ybil
lsandpost
dev el
opmentoft hecount ry. officebonds.
5. Speci al provisionst ocat erformar ginal i
zedgr oupsandr egi
ons.
6. Shar i
ngt hebur densandbenef itsoft heuseofr esourcesand Exampl esofSour cesofPubl icRev enue.
publ i
cbor rowingequi tablybet weenpr esentandf uture
gener at i
ons. 1.Taxes.
7. Usi ngpubl i
cmoneyi napr udentandr esponsi bleway . 2.Licensef ee.
8. Responsi blef i
nanci alandcl earf iscal repor t
ing. 3.Legal fi
nes
4.Prof i
tf rom par ast atals.
Typesofpubl i
cr evenuei nKeny a 5.Saleoft hegov ernmentbonds
6.Treasur ybi l
lsandpostof f
icebonds.
1. Equal isationFund 7.Interestonl oansandl oanpay ment s
8.Feesf rom gov er nmenti nstitut
ionse. g.school s.
 Thi sis50%oft her evenuecol l
ectednat ionallyeachy ear . 9.Char gesf rom pr ov i
sionofgov er nmentser vicese. g.heal
th.
 I tisusedbyt heNat i
onal Gov ernmentt opr ov i
debasi cser vces 10.Gr
i ant s, giftsandt echni cal assist ancef rom friendlycountries.
l
ikewat erroadset c. 11.Institut i
onse. g.Wor ldBank.

2. Consol
idat
edFund Howi
tisspent
.

 All
themoneyrecei
vedorraisedbytheNati
onalGov
ernmenti
s 1.I
tisusedf ormai ntaini
nggov er
nmentf aci l
it
iese.g.roads.
pai
dtothi
sfund. 2.I
nit
iat
enewpr ojectse. g.governmentof fices.
 I
tisusedt
ocarryoutser
vicesoftheNati
onalGover
nment. 3.I
tisusedt of i
nancer ecurrentgovernmentexpendi turee. g.payi
ng
ci
vilservants.
3.Cont
ingenci
esFund 4.I
tisusedt osubsi dizepubl i
cservi
cee. g.heal t
handeducat i
on.
5.I
tisusedt oser v
icel oans.
 Thi
sfundt
akescar
eofemer
genci
es. 6.I
tisusedt opaysubscr ipti
onst oi
nternational or
ganizat i
onse.g.
UNO,EAUet c
7.Thi
sistof inancesecur i
tyexpendit
uree. g.trai
ningsol diers.
4.Rev
enueFunds 8.I
tisusedt omeetemer genciese.g.fl
oods.
9.I
tisusedt oassistcount r
iesthatmayexper ienceemer genciese.g.
Thisestabl
i
shedi
neachcount
ywi
tht
hemoneyr
aisedf
rom t
he natur
aldisaster.
county.
Sour
cesofr
evenuef
orCount
yGov
ernment
.

Domest
icr
evenuesour
ces 1. Theyimposepr oper t
yr ateswi t
hint heirterri
toriestoenabl e
them raiser evenuef ort heiroper ations.
 Taxeslevi
edonciti
zenr
y,pr
ivat
eandpubl
i
cor
gani
zat
ions, 2. Theychar gef ort heser vicest heyr endert ot her esi
dent sof
for
eigninv
est
orsetc. thecount iesi nor dertogener at
ei ncome.
3. Theyar eal locat edpar toft henat ional revenuei nor derto
 Theyarein2groups:
supli
mentt heiri ncome.
4. Bybor rowi ngl oansf rom t henat ional gov ernmentor
a) Di
rectt
axes
i
nternational or ganizationst of i
nancedev elopmentpr oject
s.
5. Theylev yt axesont heser vices/goodsgener atedi nthecounty
1.I
ncomet ax/PAYE
tofi
nancet hei ractivi
ties.
2.Capit
al gai
ntax
6. Throughl icencesgr ant edt obusi nesses/ ser vi
cesoper ati
ngin
3.Corporatetax
thecount ies.
7. Bychar gingf eesont heuseoft hecount i
es’ property.
b) I
ndi
rectt
axes
8. Byrentingpr oper ty
/housest opeopl einor dertor aisefunds
fordevelopment .
 Taxesongoodsandser
vices.
9. Throughgr ant segf rom l ocal andi nternational sources.
Theyi
ncl
ude:
Ext
ernalr
evenuesour
ces

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 64
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
goodsandser vi
cesandt herei sapr ocedur et obef ollowed.
a. Bi
l
ateralaid-fr
om fr
iendl
ynat
ion(2)  Someoft hepr ocurementbodi esi ncludet hePubl i
c
b. Mult
il
ateral-
invol
vesmanynations. ProcurementOv ersightAut hor i
ty( PPOA) , Public
ProcurementOv ersightAdv isor yBoar d( PPOAB) ,
Chall
engestogov
ernmentef
for
tsi
nrai
singr
evenuef
rom domest
ic PublicProcurementAdmi ni
strat i
v eRev i
ewBoar d
borr
owing. (PPARB) .
7. TheNat i
onal Governmentwi llalsoi mposesanct i
onson
1. Manyi ndividual
sandcompani esev adetax. contractorswhof ailt
of ulf
il
l t
hei rcontract ual agreement se.
g.
2. Inwealthdecl ar
ation,manycompani esorindi
vi
dualsgi
ve fai
li
ngt ocompl etetheirwor k.
wrongi nformati
on, thus,reducingtheamountduef ortaxation. 8. Al lgover nmentcont ractsarepubl icl
yadv er ti
sedf ort he
3. Governmentof f
ici
alscol l
udewi thpeopletocheataboutt heir awardingoft enderandawar ds.
i
ncome. 9. Thegov ernmenthasv estedi ncer tai
nof ficer s,thepowert o
4. Moneybei ngkeptinf orei
gnaccount s spendmoneyi nthei mplement ationofspeci ficobj ect iv
es,
5. Peoplear eignorantonhowt oinvestinthegover
nmentt hrough andt heyar eexpect edtobeaccount ableandt ranspar ent.
tr
easurybi ll
s. 10. Thegov ernmentest abli
shedt heKeny aAnt i
-Cor ruption
6. Embezzl ementoff undsbyi ndi
v i
dualsresponsi
blewit
hrev enue Commi ssion( KACC)i n 2004.
coll
ecti
on. 11. X-r
aycamer astov eri
fycargoonar ri
val att hepor tof
Mombasa.
I
next
ernalr
evenue,
thef
oll
owi
ngpr
obl
emsar
emet
.
Thecommi
tt
eesi
nvol
ved.
1. Donorcondi ti
onsmustbef ulf
il
ledbeforethefundi
ngis
released. 1. Publi
cAccount sCommi t
tee(PAC),whichrecei
vesreport
s
2. Loansar eissuedathi
ghi nterestrat
es. fr
om cont rol
lerandAudi t
orGeneralonbehalfofpar
li
ament ,
3. Increaseingovernmentdebtduet otendencytorel
yonf or
eign scrut
inize,befor
epr esent
ingtoparl
iament,summon
aid. governmentof fi
cialstoexpl
ainthei
rexpendit
ureorgive
4. Donornat i
onscompel recipientstoimportgoodsfrom t
hem. cl
arif
icationandcl osel
ymonitortopubl
icandnot eweaknesses.
5. Amountgi vendependsongener osi
tyofthedonor.
2. PublicI
nvestmentCommi tt
ee( PIC)whichensuresthepubl
ic
Howt
hegov
ernmentspendsi
tsr
evenue fi
nanceisspentonintendedproject
s,invest
mentstarget
edare
worthy,
moni t
orsproj
ectimplementati
onandr eport
stothe
Thi
sisdoneintwoway s. parl
i
amenti fi
treal
i
sesanyi r
regular
it
ies.
Capi
tal
andrecurr
entexpendi
tur
es
3. Committ
eeofSupply
-whi
chver
if
iesest
imat
esf
orwar
dby
1.Capi
talexpendi
tur
e gov
ernmentmi
nist
ri
esanddepar
tments.

 Thi
sinv
olv
esnewdev
elopmentpr
oject
se.
g.uni
ver
sit
ies,
dams 4. Committ
eeofWay
sandMeans–whi
chv
eri
fi
esal
lbudgesand
et
c. pr
oposal
s.

a) Constr
ucti
onofnewcountyamenit
iesl
i
kest adi
a,social
hall
s, I
tal
soaddr
essest
axat
ionmat
ter
s.
school
setc.
b) Constr
ucti
onofcount
yfaci
li
ti
esl
ikepurchaseofmot orvehi
cles  Thecont r
ol l
erandAudi torgener alaudi tsmi nistri
esand
andequipment
s. governmentdepar tment sandr epor t
sf indingst oparl
iament.
 Permanentsecr etariesinministriesansweral lquesti
ons
2.Recur
rentexpendi
tur
e regardingt hemi nistriesexpendi t
ur e.
 Gov ernmentcont ract sareadver ti
sedf orawar dingoft ender
s.
 Tosustai
nandmaint
aintheal
readyexi
sti
ngf
aci
l
iti
esand  TheKeny aAnt i
-CorruptionCommi ssion( KACC)est abli
shedin
ser
vicesasi
nthef
oll
owingexamples. 2004whi chi nvestigatescorruptcases
 Gov ernmentof fi
cer shav ebeengi v enpowert ospendmoneyi n
1. Wagesandsal ari
esofci vi
lservant
s, t
eachersetc. i
mpl ement i
ngspeci ficproj
ects;hencet heyhav ebeenmade
2. Generalr
epairandmai ntenancee.g.bridges,
roadsetc. account able.
3. Debtservi
cing–loansbyt hegov er
nment  Supplement aryexpendi t
uresar eappr ov edbyt heparli
ament
4. Contr
ibuti
ontointernati
onalorganizati
onse.g.COMESA, EAC,  Mechani sm hasbeenputi nplacebyt hegov ernmenttocur b
AU,etc. revenueev asione. g.useofe- rayscanner stov eri
fycargoon
5. Grant
sandbur sari
es arri
val attheMombasaPor t
.
6. Embassies–mai ntai
ningKeny aembassi esabroad.
Count
yGov
ernment
s(CG)
Managementofpubl
icf
inance
 Thecount yhasbeenmandat edt oestabli
shar ev
enuefundt o
1. Thepar li
amentwhi chapprovesallnationalandcount y
runitsrev
enue.
expendi t
ur e.
 TheCount yRevenueFundcont ainsthecounty’
sownr evenue,
2. TheCont roll
erofbudgetwhoaut horizeswithdr awals.
transf
ersfrom t
henationalr
evenue,gr ant
sandbor r
owedf unds.
3. Thecabi netsecretaryforfi
nancemayst opt het r
ansferof
fundst oanyor ganofgov ernmentwi ththeappr ovalof  Thecount y’
sisaccountabl
etot heCount yAssembly.
parli
ament .
4. Financialrecordsandt heaudit
ingofaccount sofall Fi
nanci
alof
fi
cer
sinmanagi
ngf
inances
governmentandot herpubl
icbodieswi ll
bedone.
5. TheAudi torGener alaudit
stheaccount sofal lgovernment a) Cont
rol
lerofBudget
andst ateor gans
6. Mostoft hepublicfundsarespentonpur chasingpubl i
c  He/shei
sappoi
ntedbyt
hepr
esi
dentandappr
ovedbyt
he

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 65
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
Nat
ional
Assemblyona10ye art
erm. 4. TheCount yGov ernmentsadher eto
 He/sheisl
egi
bleforr
e-appoi
ntment
. mechani smsest abli
shedbyt heNat i
onal Gov ernmenton
opent enderi
ngofpr ocur ementanddi sposal ofpublic
Hi
s/herr
oles goodsandser vi
ces.
5. Theimpl ement ationoftheCount ybudgeti s
1. Overseeingtheimpl ement at
ionofthebudgetoftheNati
onal supervisedbytheCont roll
erofBudgetwhosubmi tsa
andCount ygov ernment s. reporttoparl
iamentev eryfourmont hs.
2. Authori
zingwi t
hdr awalsfrom t
hepublicfundsli
kethe 6. Therev enueandexpendi tureofCount y
Equali
sation,ConsolidatedandRev enueFunds. Gov er
nmenti saudi t
edbyt heAuditorGener al.
3. Every4mont hs, he/shei sexpectedtosubmittoeachHouse 7. Thegov ernmenti saccount abl etotheCount y
ofparli
amentar epor tontheimplementati
onofthebudgeton Assembl yforfi
nanci almanagementwi thintheCount yand
boththeNat i
onal andCount ygov’t
s. reportsmattersper t
ainingt ofi
nance.
8. TheEt hicsandAnt i
-Corr
upt ionCommi ssion
b) Audi
torGener
al i
nv esti
gatesandr ecommendsf orprosecut i
onofpubl i
c
offi
cerswhomi smanagef undswi t
hi nt heCount y
.
o He/sheappointedbyt
hepresi
dentandappr
ovedbyt
heNAon
an8yeart
erm.
o He/sheisnotlegi
blef
orr
e-appoi
ntment
.
NATI
ONALPHI
LOSOPHI
ES(
KENYA)
Theaccount
she/sheaudi
tswi
thi
n6mont
hs:
 Afterat t
aini
ngi ndependence,therewasneedt obuil
dthe
12. Fundsandaut hori
ti
esoft heNati
onal andtheCount y nation.
Gov ernment s.  Keny attathereforehadt of
ormul at
eaphi l
osophytoappr oach
13. Allcour t
s. thisissue.
14. Everycommi ssi
onandi ndependentof f
iceestabl
i
shedbyt he  Aphi losophyt heref
oreisasyst em ofideologi
calbeli
efsand
constituti
on. valueschampi onedbyt herul
ingpar t
y’sleadershi
pandi tis
15. TheNat i
onal Assembl y,
senateandt heCount yAssembly
. accept edbymostoft heci
ti
zens.
16. Politi
calpartiesfundedf r
om publi
cf unds.  Sincei ndependence, Kenyahashadt hr ee(3)phil
osophies,
17. Publicdebt . namel yAf ri
cansoci al
ism,har
ambeeandny ay
oism Afr
ican
18. Anyot herent it
ythatlegi
slati
onrequireshim /hertoaudi
t. Socialism
19. Anyent ityfundedf r
om thepublicfunds.
Af
ri
cansoci
ali
sm
Commi
ssi
ononRev
enueAl
locat
ion(
CRA)
.
 Itwasestabli
shedbyKANUi n1963
I
tcompr
ises:  Theideaswer elatermodi f
iedassessi onalpaperno.10of
1965–asAf ricanSocialism anditsApplicat
iontoPlanni
ngin
1. Chairpersonappoi nt
edbythepresidentand Kenya.
approvedbyt heNat i
onalAssembly.  ThisAfri
canSoci al
ism therefor
er ef
erstoAf r
icanpoli
ti
cal
,
2. 2Per sonsappoi ntedbyt
hepoli
ticalpart
ies economicsy stem thati
sposi ti
velyAfr
ican,butcapableof
representedint heNat ionalAssembly
.Accordingtothe beingfl
exibl
eenought oincorporateacceptance.Techni
ques
member sintheNat ionalAssembly
. from whatev
ersour ce.
3. Pri
ncipal Secret
ary(PS)i
ntheStateDepar t
ment
(Ministr
y)ofFi nance. I
tspr
inci
ples
I
tsf
unct
ions 1. BasedonAfri
cantradi
ti
ons.
2. Mustbeacceptabl
etot hedy
namiccircumstances.
1. Makingr ecommendat i
onsoft heequi table 3. Mustnotr
estitssuccessonothercountr
ies.
sharingofr evenuer aisedbytheNat ional Gover nment
betweent heCount yandt heNat i
onal Gov er
nment s. Ai
ms/Obj ect
ives
2. Makingr ecommendat i
onsont hefinanci al
mat tersandf i
nanci almanagementbyCount yGov er nment. 1. Tocr eati
onofanewsoci ety
, di
ff
erentfr
om thecoloni
alof
3. Defi
ningandenhanci ngrev enuesour cesoft he i
nequal it
y.
National andCount yGov ernment s. 2. Tocr eateaf airandjustsocietywit
hhumanity.
4. Encouragi ngfi
scalresponsi bili
tytoenhance 3. Touni teandf reeKeny answithrespecttot
heirr
ights.
account abil
it
yforf undst hr
oughappr opr i
atefinanci al 4. Poli
ticalequality.
procedur es. 5. Social j
usti
ce.
5. Determining,publi
shingandr egul
arlyr eviewing 6. Humandi gnityandf r
eedom.
thepol i
cyofset ti
ngoutt hecriteri
atoi denti
fyt he 7. Freedom f r
om want ,diseaseandexploit
ati
on.
mar ginali
zed. 8. Equal opportunity.
9. Equi
tabl
edi
str
ibut
ionofr
esour
ces.
HOW THECOUNTYGOVERNMENTSMANAGEPUBLI
CFI
NANCE.
I
tschar
act
eri
sti
cs.
1. Throughtheprepar
ati
onoft heCountybudget
.
2. All
moni esbor
rowedbyaCount yGover
nment 1. Democracy
mustbeguaranteedbytheNat i
onalGovernmentand 2. Equalopportunit
ies.
appr
ovedbyt heCountyAssembl y
. 3. Respectforhumandi gnit
y.
3. Moneyduet oaCount yGovernmentmaybe 4. Mutualsocialresponsi
bil
i
ty
temporar
il
ystoppedbytheCabinetSecretar
yforFi
nance
toprev
entmismanagement .

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 66
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
I
tspol
ici
es
1. Topr
omot
edevel
opment( nati
onalbui
ldi
ng)
.
1. Tocont rol ofr esour ces. 2. Topr
omot
esel
f-r
eli
ance.
2. Toenhancer oleofgov er nmentandco- oper at i
vesi n 3. Topr
omot
enati
onalcohesion(uni
ty)
.
development . 4. Topr
omot
econstr
ucti
venat i
onali
sm.
3. Tousepl anni ngt echni quesf orr esour cedev elopment .
4. Toext endpl anni ngt ol ocal lev els.  I
thassoci
alandeconomi
caspect
s.
5. Nat ional i
zat ionofent er priseswher epossi ble.
6. Keny anizat ionofpost si ngov er nmenti nst itutionsandpr ivat
e I
tspr
inci
ples
enterprises.
7. I ncreaseoft hecount ry’spr oduct ivecapaci t
yf ort hef uture. 1. Mobili
zepeopl eatlocall
eveltopart
ici
pat
eindevelopment.
8. Toencour agef ami l
ypl anni ng. 2. Part
ici
pationisguidedbypr i
ncipl
esofcoll
ect
ivegood.
9. Toest abl ishaNat i
onal Pr ov i
dentFundandNat ional Heal t
h 3. Choiceofprojecti
sgui dedbytheneedsofthemaj ori
ty.
Insurance. 4. Localresourcesshouldbeusedi ntheimpl
ementationofthe
10. Toest abl ishacent r
al bank. proj
ect.
11. Tot akemeasur est oincr easesav ingandi nvest ment .
12. Tomodi f yt axst ruct uret oi ncr easegov ernmentr ev enue, I
tsachi
evement
s
domest i
csav ingset ct o
achievebet terdi stri
but ionofi ncome. 1. I thaspr omot edsenseofmut ual socialresponsi
bil
i
ty.
13. Tor educet axf orl ow-incomeear ner s. 2. I thasencour ageddemocr ati
cpar tici
pationinnati
onal
14. Tor eviewi ndust ri
al earni ngst opr omot eempl oy mentand dev elopment .
expansi on. 3. Fai rnessi ndi str
ibuti
onofnational resourceshasbeen
15. Taxat i
onofi dler esour ces. enhanced.
16. Toemphasi zeondev elopmentofagr i
cul ture. 4. I thaspr omot eduni t
y.
17. Tor eorgani zemar ketingboar dst opr omot et hewel fareof 5. I thasboost ededucat i
on.
consumer sandpr oducer s. 6. Agr icult
ur aldevelopmenthasbeenachi eved.
18. Tot akemeasur est oensur ebet terfarm management . 7. Br idgesandr oadshav ebeenbui lt.
19. Tocont rol educat ionf ort heneedsandr esour cesoft he 8. Medi calser vi
ceshav ebeenext ended.
count r
y . 9. Phy sicallydisabledhav ebeenassi sted.
20. Todev elopuni versityeducat ionf orhi ghl ev el manpower . 10. Spiritualgr owthhasbeenenhanced.
21. Togui dest udent sf orappr opr iatecour ses. 11. Forum f orl eaderstoeducatet hepubl ichasbeencr eat
ed.
22. Toexpandi n-ser vicet rainingt omeetmanpowershor tage. 12. Livingst andar dshav ebeenimpr oved.
23. Toest abl ishaco- oper at i
v ecol leges.
24. Shor t
ageofcr it
ical manpowert obesour cedext ernal l
y . Way
sthr
oughwhi
chi
thaspr
omot
ededucat
ioni
nKeny
a.
25. Toi nvest igat ewhet hert onat ional i
zet hemaj orgov ernment
util
i
ties. 1. Manyeducat ioninst ituti
onshav ebeenconst ruct edusi
ng
26. Toest abl ishanat i
onal const ruct ioncompany . fundsr aisedt hroughhar ambeeef fort,thusenabl ingmany
27. Toest abl ishanat i
onal tradi ngcompany . childr entoat tendschool .
28. Toi ncreasei nst affandcapi tal resour ceofi ndust ri
al and 2. Manyst udent shav ebeenassi stedt opayschool
commer cial dev elopment fees/ pursuef ur t
herst udies, t
husenabl ingt heneedyt ogoon
corporat ion. withl earning.
29. Toest abl ishKeny aTour i
stDev elopmentCor por ation. 3. Phy sicalfacili
ti
eshav ebeenconst ructed/ i
mpr ov ed
30. Toest abl ishacent r
al or gani zat ionofTr adeUni ons. throughhar ambee.Thi senabl esl earningi naconduci v e
31. Topr ov i
deequal oppor tuni tiesf ordev elopmenti nal lpartsof env i
r onment .
thecount ry. 4. Teachi ng/learningmat erial
shav ebeenpur chased/
donat edt oschool st oimpr ov ethequal i
tyofeducat i
on.
5. Addi t
ional staff
/ wor kersi nschool shav ebeenpai d
I
mpact
soft
heAf
ri
canSoci
ali
sm (
Achi
evement
s) throughhar ambeecont ribut ionsbyt hepar ent stooff setthe
i
nadequacy .
1. Itpromot eddemocr ati
cprocessesi ngov ernance. 6. Thr ought hehar ambeespi ri
ts,co-curricularactiviti
eshave
2. Itpromot edr espectforhumandi gni
ty. beensuppor t
edbywel l
-wi sher sthushel pi
ngt helear nersto
3. Itencour ageduni tyandpeacef ulco-
existence. expl oittheirtalents.
4. Itencour agedr apiddevelopmentt hroughmut ualresponsibi
l
ity
. 7. School f
urniturehasbeenboughtt hroughhar ambeeef for
t,
5. Itpromot edAf ri
cancultures. thusmaki nglear ning/t eachi ngcomf ortable.
6. Mor eeff orthasbeenmadet oachievefairnessandj ustice 8. Par ent shav econt ribut edf undst osuppl ementt he
throughD. F.R.D. gov er nmentschool feedingpr ogramme, thusi mprov ing
7. Commer cialandi ndustr
ialowner shi
phasbeenAf ri
canized. enrol ment/r etention.
8. Agr i
cult
ur aldev elopmenthasbeenachi ev ede.g.ir
rigat
ions
schemes. Waysthroughwhichitpromotesnati
onalunityi
nKeny a.
9. Ther ehasbeensoci aldevelopmenti neducat i
onandheal t
h.
10. Co-oper at i
vesoci eti
eshav ebeenest abli
shed. 1. I tencouragespeopletoworktogether
.
2. I tpromotescooperati
on.
Harambee 3. I tpromotesequit
yinthedist
ri
butionofresources.
4. I tenhancesint
eracti
onofthepeople.
 I sder i
vedf r
om Ki swahil
iwhi chmeans‘ pul l
i
ngt ogether’or 5. I tpromotespatri
oti
sm.
‘
wor kingt oget her’
 Or iginatedf rom theAf ri
cancul tur
eofspi r
itofself-hel
p. Chal
lenges

Ai
ms 1. Mi
sappr
opr
iat
ionoff
unds/
cor
rupt
ion.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 67
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. Pov
ert
yamongKeny
ans. 1. Afri
canizati
onpr ocessandattai
nmentofself
-r
eli
ancehasbeen
enhanced.
3. For
cedcont
ri
but
ion. 2. Co-operativ
esoci eti
eshavebeensetup.
3. Agricul
turalpr oducti
onhasbeenboost ed.
4. Improvedt ranspor tandcommuni cat
ion
4. Et
hni
ci
ty/
tri
bal
i
sm/
nepot
ism/
raci
sm.
5. Conduciveat mospher ef
ortouri
sm hasbeencreat
edbythe
pil
l
ar sbyNy ayoism
5. Abuseofhar
ambeecont
ri
but
ionf
orper
sonal
gai
ns.
Pol
it
ical

1. Nati
onalit
yandpatri
otism havebeenpromoted.
2. Democr acyhasbeenenhanced.
Ny
ayoi
sm 3. Int
ernati
onalunder
standingandco-operat
ionhav
ebeen
encouraged.
o I
twasest abl
ished/adopt edbyMoi whenhecamet opowerin
1978,aft
erKeny at
ta’
sdeat h. Chal
lengesandpr
obl
ems
o I
t’
sf r
om Kiswahili
word‘Ny ayo’
meaning‘footst
eps’
o Theref
oreMoi wast ofol
lowi nt
hefootst
epsofKeny at
t a,
in 1. Dependingonf orei
gnaid.
whichhemeantpeace, l
oveanduni
t yasthepill
arsofthe 2. Fuel
ledcorrupti
on.
phi
losophy. 3. Leaderstendtoexploi
tciti
zense.g.t
hroughforcedharambee.
4. Lacksoluti
onst oemergingprobl
emsl i
keHIV/AIDs,corr
upt
ion
Ai
msofNy
ayoi
sm andethnicclashes.

1. Topromotedmut ualsoci
alresponsi
bil
i
ty.
2. Toperpet
uateharambeespir i
t. SOCI
AL,ECONOMI
CANDPOLI
TICALDEVELOPMENTAND
3. Toenhanceco-operati
onanduni t
y. CHALLENGESI
NKENYASI
NCEINDEPENDENCE.
4. TopromoteJuaKal isect
or.
Pol
it
ical1963-
1991
I
tsachi
evement
sinHeal
thsect
or.
 Afterindependence, Kenyahad3maj orpr obl ems, namely;l
ack
1. Itledtot hebui l
dingofheal t
hcent res,hospi
tal
sandNy ayo ofgoodl eader ship,suspicionandj ealousy ,andi ll
i
teracy.
war ds.  Atindependence, wehadt hemaj imbo( f
eder al)gov ernment
2. Itmobi l
izedpeopl et ocont ributemoneyt opurchasedr ugsfor andconst i
tution
theneedy .  1964, DecemberKADUj oi
nedKANUandest ablisheduni t
ary
3. Moneycont r
ibutedt hrought hephi l
osophyenabledthesi ck gov ernment
peopl eseekf orspeci alizedt r
eatmentwi t
hinandoutsidet he  Fri
ct i
onemer gedasOdi nga, Oneko,Kagiaet c.accused
count ry
. Keny attaoff av ouri
ngt oupl i
ftsomecommuni t
ies.
4. Itmot iv
at edsomemedi calpersonneltoofferf
reemedi cal
 Consequent ly,KANUdel egat esheldaconf erenceatLi muruin
ser vi
cest othepeopl e.
Mar ch1966.
5. Itledtot heconst ruct i
onofmedi caltr
aini
nginsti
tut
ionsand
 Atthemeet ing, VicePr esident’sPostwasabol i
shed.
traini
ngofper sonnel.
 8KANUVi cePr esidentswer eappoi nted.
Chal
lengest
oNy
ayoi
sm  Odingar esignedandf ormedKeny aPeopl e’
sUni on(KPU) .
 Mini -
electi
onwashel d,withmember soft henewpar ty
1. Cor
rupt
ion. cont esti
ngonKPU’ sti
cket.
2. Wit
hhol
dingofai
dbyW.
B.andI
MF.  JosephMur umbi wasappoi ntedtheVi cePr esidenti n1966,but
resignedi n1967bef or
eMoi wasappoi nted.
I
mpact
sofphi
losophi
es  KPUwasbannedi n1969.

Soci
al Pol
it
icalChal
lenges

1. Educat i
onhasbeenpr omot edbybuildingschool sandcol leges. 1. Onepar tydictator shipintr
oducedi n1982.
2. Improv edmedi cal servicesbyconst ructingdispensar
ies, healt
h 2. Mul t
ipartism whi chwasi ntroducedi n1992.
centresandhospi tals. 3. Pol it
ical assassi nationsofPi oGamaPi nt
oo,JM Kariuki
,Tom
3. Encour agedco- operation, underst
andanduni tyamongKeny an Mboy a, Rober tOukoet c
communi ties. 4. Et hniccl ashes.
4. Raisedl i
vingst andar dsbypr omotingt hespiri
tualandsoci al 5. Post -electionv iolenceof2007.
welfareoft hepeopl ebyencour agingKeny anst oacti
vely 6. Pol it
ical detentionandt orture.
parti
cipatei ndev elopmentpr oject
s. 7. At tempt edmi l
itarycoupof1982.
5. Disadvant agedgr oupshav ebeenconsi der
edbyor ganizing 8. Genderi nequal ityinl eadership.
harambeet oassistt hem. 9. Age/Gener ationst rugglef orleadershi
p.
6. Promot edAf ri
cancul t
ur esthroughbor rowingofpositi
ve 10. Borderconf l
ictsf rom neighbour ingcountri
esegUganda.
Afri
cant radi t
ions. 11. Format ionofmi l
iti
agr oupsegShi ft
aandAl -Shabaab.
7. Theyhav epr omot edt hespi ri
tualwellbeingthroughbuildingof 12. Leader shipwr angl es/i deologicaldiff
erences.
churches. 13. Mani pulationoft heconst i
tutionbyt hemember sof
parli
ament .

Economi
c Pol
it
icalassassi
nat
ions

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 68
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
1. I n1965, Pi oGamai nt owasmur der ed. electionont henewpar t
’sti
cket.
2. Hewast heonl yAsi ancr it
ical ofKeny at ta’sgov ernment . 5. I nMay1966-publ i
csecur i
tyActwaspassed-pr esidentwas
3. 5thJul y1969, Tom Mboy a,Mi ni sterf orFi nanceand empower edt odet ai
nci t
izenswithouttri
al,iftheirconducti sa
Planni ngwasgunneddown. threatt ostat esecur it
y.
4. Thi si ncr easedt ensi onbet weenAgi kuy uandLuo. 6. I nApr il1968, presidentwasempower edtoal terpr ov i
ncialand
5. Consequent l
y, whenKeny attav isitedKi sumui n1969, to districtboundar ies.
opent heRussi anf undedNewNy anzaGener al Hospi tal, 7. I n1968, mandat oryageofv ot
ingandwaschangedf rom 21t o
hewaspel tedwi thst onesandr otteneggs. 18y r s.Agef orpr esidencyfrom 40to35y rs.Incaseofdeat hof
6. Pr esident ial guar dsopenedf i
reandki l
ledabout43peopl e. presi dent ,VicePr esidentshouldactf or90day sdur ingwhi ch
7. ThenKPUwasbannedandi tsmaj orassoci at esdet ained. electionsshoul dbehel d.
8. On5/ 3/ 1975, Josi ahMwangi Kar iuki ’s( J.M. )bodywas 8. I n1974, presidentwasempower edtopardonel ection
foundi nNgongFor esthal feat enbywi ldani mal s. offender s.
9. Thi si ntensi fi
edt het ensi oni nt hecount ry,asMoi had 9. I n1982, Keny awasmadeaonepar t
yst ate.
clai
medt hatJM wasi nZambi a, onlyt of indhi sbodyi n 10. In1987, Presidentcoul dnowhi r
eandf ir
et heAG, chief
Ngong. secr et aryandcont roll
edand
10. InOct .1975, Mar tinShi kukut het henMPf orBut ere Audi torGener al atwi l
l
.
clai
medt hatKANU& 11. In1988, secur i
tyoft enure Judges,andchai r
manofpubl ic
par liamentwer edead. serv i
cecommi ssionwas
11. HewassecondedbyJeanMar ieSer oney -Speaker . remov ed.
12. Bothwer ear rest edanddet ained. 12. In1988, poli
cecoul dholdasuspectf or14day sbef oret aking
13. In1976, MPf orEl dor etNor th-Chel agatMut ai wasar r
ested him /hert ocour t.
andi mpr isonedf or 13. In1990, Secur i
tyoft enureforAGwasr einstated.
2 ½y ear sf ori nci ti
ngherconst ituent sf orv iolence. 14. In1991, changedsec- 2A, Kenyabecomeamul t
i-partyst ateby
14. 1977, Geor geAny ona- MPf orKi tut uwasdet ai nedf or dej ur e.
accusi ngt hegov ernment 15. In1991, president i
al t
enurewasl oweredt o2f ivey eart erms.
ofcor ruption.
15. Campai gnsst ar tedt ochanget heconst itution Someoft
hepar
ti
est
hatemer
gedaf
tert
hisi
ncl
uded:
16. On22/ 8/ 1978, Keny at tadi edi nhi ssl eepatst ateHouse-
Mombasa. 9. Forum f
orRestorat
ionofDemocr acy.
17. Moi act edaspr esi dentf or90day s, bef or ebei ngel ect ed 2.Forum forRest
orati
onofDemocr acy-Kenya.3.Forum f
or
unopposed Restorati
onofDemocr acy-
Asil
i.4.Democr at
icPartyofKenya5.
18. Moi appoi ntedMwai Emi li
oKi baki asVi cePr esi dent SocialDemocrati
cPar t
y.
19. Moi rel easedpol itical prisoner s- inDecember1978 6.Li
ber alDemocrat
icParty7.Forum f
orRestorat
ionofDemocracy
-
20. 1980, bannedt ribal or gani zat ionse. g.GEMA, LuoUni on People.
etc. 8.Keny aNati
onalCongress.9.KenyaSocialCongress.
21. Heal sost rengt henedt hepar tybymor er ecr uitment
22. InJune1982, Keny abecameadej ur e( byl aw)onepar ty Fact
orsthatf
aci
li
tat
edt
hef
ormat
ionofmanypol
it
icalpar
ti
esi
n
state. Kenyaby1990.
23. ManyKeny answer enothappyoft hi si ntroduct ionofSec-
2Ai nt heconst itution. Ext
ernal
24. On01/ 08/ 1982, juni orof fi
cer soft heKeny aAi rFor cel ed
bySeni orPr i
vat e 1.Inf
luencef rom EasternEuropeandtheSovietUni
onl edt
omul t
i-
Hezeki ahOchukast agedami litarycoupagai nstt he par
tydemocr acy .
gover nment . 2.Endoft hecol dwarbr oughtanewwav eofdemocr acywhich
25. Ochukawashanged, afterv iolenceandki l
li
ngser upt ed. spr
eadt oKeny a.
26. Moi regi mebecomeev enmor er uthl ess. 3.SomeAf r
icancount ri
esl i
keTogo,Zambia,
GhanaandNi geri
a
27. In1988, Ml olongo( queue)v otingmet hodwasi nt roduced. whohadadopt ed
28. In1989, Kennet hMat i
bawasexpel l
edf rom t hepar tyaf t
er mul ti
-par
tism encour agedKenyatodothesame.
clai
mi ngt hatt her e 1. Pr essuref rom governmentsofdonorcommunityto
wasr i
ggi ngi nel ect i
ons. democr atizeasacondi ti
ontoresumeaid.
29. In1990, KANUdi scar dedMl olongo.
30. In1988, Any onaandkoi gi wer edet ained. I
nter
nal
31. Someaut hor sescapet osel f-
exi leNgugi waThi ong' oand
Mugo. 1.Amendment/r epeal ofsect i
on2Aoft heKeny anconst i
tution,
32. In1990, DrRober tJohnOuko, mi nist erf orFor eignAf fair
s all
owi ngt hef ormat i
on
wasf oundmur der ed. ofmanypol i
ti
cal partiesi nthecount ry.
33. Hisr emai nswer edi scov eredon16/ 2/ 90byaheadsboy 2.Economi chardshi pswi thinthecount ry.
atGotAl ila. 3.Failur ebyt hegov ernmentt oadoptal lrecommendat i
ons
for
war dedbyt hepubl ict o
Const
it
uti
onalchanges-
1963-
91 theSai totiReviewCommi ssionof1990.
4. KANUf ail
edt olistent ocriti
cism andcr i
ti
cswer eeit
her
1. I
n1964Dec, Unitaryconst ituti
onwassetupt oreplacethe suspendedorexpel l
edf rom t heparty/Discontentwi t
hint he
i
ndependencef eder alconst it
uti
on. par ty
.
2. I
n1966, Unicamer allegislaturewasestabli
shedtor epl
acethe 5. Pr essuref r
om mul ti-partyact iv
ist
sdr awnf r
om thecivilsociety
,
i
ndependencebi camer al. pol i
ti
cal andlegal fr aternit
yf orcedthegov ernmenttochange.
Thepresidentalsogotpowert oappoint12MP’ s,whower e 6.Allegedr i
ggingof1988gener alelecti
onsl edtodiscontentamong
prev
iousl
ynomi nat edbyt helegisl
atur
e. theloser s.
3. I
n1966, only65%or2/ 3ofMP’ scouldpassabill
. 7.Pressur ef rom thechur ch/cl ergy.
4. On28/ 4/
66, MP’swhor esignfrom part
yshouldseekr e-

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 69
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

Chal
lengesofmul
ti
-par
ti
sm b)Communi
tyl
and.

1.Ethnici
ty/tr
ibali
sm.  Thi
sisl
andv
est
edi
nandhel
dbycommuni
ti
es.
2.Greedypolit
ici
ansar el
ur edthroughbr i
best odef
ect.
3.Controlofgovernmentmachi nerye.g.mediaoutlet
sbytheparty
i
npower .
4.Lackofadequat efundingbyt hest ate. Thi
sincl
udes:
5.Somemember softheciv i
lsocietytakesidesinpart
ypoli
ti
cs.
6.Somel eadersinci
tetheirsuppor t
ersagainstthei
ropponents. 1. Landl egal l
yr egi
steredint henameofgr oup
7.Inadequatecivi
ceducat i
on. represent atives.
8.Leadershi
pwr angles. 2. Landt ransf erredtoaspeci fi
ccommuni tythr
oughal egal
process.
Ther
oleofpol
it
icalpar
ti
esi
ngov
ernanceandnat
ion-
bui
ldi
ng. 3. Landdecl aredt obecommuni t yl
andbyactofpar li
ament.
4. Landl awf ullyheldorusedbyaspeci fi
ccommuni tyas
1. Theyf or mul atepol i
ciesandpr ogr ammesonhowt or unthe communi tyforest,grazi
ngf ieldsorshrines.
governmentef fi
cient ly. 5. Ancest rallandsorl andt raditi
onall
yusedbyhunt er-
2. Theysel ectcandi dat esf orpubl icof fice, ast heseni oroffi
ciali
n gatherercommuni ty.
governmentar eal sol eader sofpol it
ical par ti
es. 6. Landt hati slawf ul
lyheldi ntrustbyCount yGovernment
3. Theypl ayar ol einmobi li
zingt hepeopl ee. g.t oattendpolit
ical onbehal fofcommuni ti
esi nthecounties,excl
udi
ngpubl i
c
ral
l
ies. l
and.
4. Theycheckt heexcessesoft hegov er nmentbypoi ntingoutits
mistakes. c)Priv
at eland
5. Theypr ovideci v i
ceducat i
ont otheel ector ate.
6. Theyensur et hatt herei sanal ternativ egov ernmenti n-wait
ing Itcomprises
i
nt heev entt hatt her ul i
ngpar t
yi sunabl et or ule.
7. Theyactast raini
nggr oundf orpol i
tical leader shi
p. 1. Regi steredl
andhel dbyaper sonunderanyfreehol
d
8. Theypr ovideagoodav enuef orpol itical associ ati
onsi na nature.
country,thusenhanci nguni ty. 2. Landhel dbyaper sonunderleasehol
dnat ur
e.
9. Theyt akepar tindeci sionmaki ng, ast heypar t
ici
pat einwatch- 3. Anyl anddeclaredpr i
vateunderanActofPar l
iament.
dogcommi tteesl ikePAC.
10. Theylinkt hepeopl eandt hegov ernmentast heyiniti
ate Landowner shi pbynon- ci
tizens
poli
ti
cal debat es
onimpor t
antnat i
onal i
ssues. Thisispossi bl
eundert hef oll
owingconditi
ons:
11. Theypr ovideanal ternat i
veappr oacht omanagementoft he
poli
ti
cal andeconomi c af fairsoft henat i
ont hr
ought heir 1. Onl easehold.
parti
cipationi npar l
iament arydebat es. 2. Corporat ebodycanonlyber ecogni
zedasa
ci
tizenifiti
swhol l
yownedbyormor eciti
zens.

Economi
cdev
elopment
sandchal
lengessi
ncei
ndependence. Landpol
ici
essi
ncei
ndependence

Ty
pesofLandhol
dingi
nKeny
a. 1963,LandReform exerci
sewaschar
acteri
zedby
:
Transf
eroflandfrom Europeanst
oAfr
icansandl
andconsol
i
dat
ion
a) Publ
icl
and andregist
rat
ion.

I
tincl
udes: Set
tl
ementschemes

1. Landt hatwasun- alienat ed,bythet imet heconst ituti

onwas 1. Mi ll
ionAcr escheme- 1963, sett
li
ngAf r
icanfami
li
eson13. 5
enact edi n2010. hectareseach.
2. Landwhi chi sl awf ullyf orthegov ernment , andi susedbyany 2. Har ambeescheme1969-est abli
shingabout16.25hectaresper
stateor gan. family.
3. Landwhi chhasbeent ransferr
edt othegov ernmentt hr
ough 3. Har akascheme1970set tl
ingsquat t
ersonsmallplot
sin
sale, l
andr ev ertedbackt ogov ernmentowner shipor Cent r
al,Coast,EasternandRi f
tValley.
surrender edt ot hegov ernment . 4. Shi ri
kaScheme- 1971set t
ledlandlessandunempl oyedon
4. Landwhi chi snotl egal lyclaimedbyani ndi v i
dual orcommuni ty
. formerEur opeanf arms.
5. Landi nwhi chnol egal heircanbei dent i
fiedbyanyl egal
process. Benefit
sofl andreformst oKeny ans.
6. Al llandcont ainingmi neralsandmi neraloilsasdef inedbylaw.
7. Gov er nmentf orests, gamer eserves,wat ercat chmentar eas, 1. Far mer scoulduset heirlandt i
tl
edeedst oobtai
nloansfor
national parks, gov er nmentani mal sanctuar iesandspeci f
ic progress.
protect edar ease. g.hi stori
calsit
es. 2. Far mer susedt het i
tledeedst opur chaselandwit
hconfidence.
8. Al lroadsandot herpl acesaspr ov i
dedbyactofpar l
iament. 3. Thousandswer eabl etoownl and.
9. Al lrivers, lakesandwat erbodiesasdef i
nedbyactof 4. Dai ryandcashcr oppr oductionincreased.
parliament .
10. Thet errit
or i
al seas, seabedandcont i
nent al shelf. Nati
onalLandCommi ssion
11. Landt hati snotcat egor i
zedaspr ivateorcommuni tyunderthe
const itution. I
tsfunctions
12. Anyot herl anddecl aredpubl i
clandbyactofpar l
i
ament .
1. Tomanagepubl icland.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 70
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
2. Tor ecommendanat i
onal landpol i
cytot he 9. Far mi nghasbecomeacost lyventuref ormostf armersar
enot
NationalGover nment . abl et omeett hehighcost soffarmi nput s.
3. Toadv i
set heNat ional Gov ernmentona 10. Ov erpr oducti
onofsi mil
aragr i
cult
ural productsleadsto
compr ehensivepr ogr ammef orlandr egistrat
ioninthe wast ageduet olackof
count r
y. buy er s.
4. Toconductr esear chonl andi nthecount ry, 11. Shor tageofagr icult
ureextensionofficershasmadei tdi
ff
icul
t
i
ncludinguseofnat ural r
esour cesandmake forf ar merstoget
recommendat ionst ot her elev antaut horiti
es. adv iceonhowt oimprovey i
elds.
5. Toi nv esti
gat epr esentorpasthi stori
cal 12. Mi smanagementofco- operati
veshasi mpov eri
shedfarmers.
i
njustices,ei
theroni tsowni niti
ativeorasacompl aint, 13. Compet it
ionfr
om COMESA/I ndustriali
zednat i
onshas
andr ecommendappr opriateact ion. frustr atedKenyanf ar
mer s.
6. Toencour aget heuseoft r
adi t
ionalmethodsof
disputeresolutioninl anddi sput e. Benef
it
sofCooper
ati
veSoci
eti
esi
nKeny
aaf
teri
ndependence.
7. Tomoni t
orandov erseet her esponsibil
i
tiesov er
l
anduseandpl anni ngi nthecount ry. Theygi
v eloans/
creditfaci
li
ties.
Theyprovidebanki
ngf acil
i
ties/Sav ingsf
acil
i
ties.
Sever
alst
epswer
etakenbyt
hegov
ernmentt
opr
omot
elar
ge-
scal
e Theyprovidebenevolent/insuranceservi
ces.
far
ming Theyi
nv estonbehalfofmember s.
Theycreateemployment .
1. A.D.C.(Agricultural Dev elopmentCor porati
on) Theyeducatemember sonf inancial
management /i
nvest
ment
.
wasest abli
shedt omanagel argescal efar ms.Est ablished
bythegov ernmenti nWest er n,Ri f
tVal l
ey, Coastandot her
parts.
2. KARI -KenyaAgr icultural Resear chInstit
ut ewas
establi
shedi ndryareasanddur ingdr oughtseasonse. g.
BuraI r
ri
gationScheme- Coastwasest ablishedt oresear ch I
ndust
ri
aldev
elopment
ssi
ncei
ndependence
oncr ops.
3.Establi
shedi rri
gati
onschemest of acil
itateagr i
cul t
ure. Fact
orsbehindi
ndust
ri
aldev
elopmenti
nKeny
asi
nce
4.Dev el
opmentaut horit
ieshavebeenest ablishede. g.Tana&At hi i
ndependence
Ri
v erDev elopmentAut hori
ty( TARDA) .
5. Commi ssionshav ebeenf ormedt odeal withlandi ssuese. g. 1. Exist
ence/ avai
labil
ityofraw-mater
ial
s.
2001, Moi appointedCharlesNj onj ot oinvesti
gat et hepr oblem 2. Freshwat erwithfish.
oflandowner shi
panddi stributioni nKeny a,2003, Kibaki 3. Producti
onoft imberf rom for
ests.
appointedNdung’ uCommi ssiononl and. 4. Richscener y.
5. River
sforel ect
rici
ty .
Howt heKenyangover
nmentf
aci
li
tat
edt
heacqui
sit
ionofl
andf
or 6. Populati
onexpansi on-l
abourandmarket.
Afr
icansaft
er1963. 7. Richagri
cul t
uralfarmland.
8. Transportandcommuni cati
on.
1. Reset tl
ingpeopl einirr
igati
onschemes.
2. Encour agingpeopl etof orm co-
operat
ivesoci
eties/l
and Gov
ernment
’sai
m /obj
ect
ivesi
npr
omot
ingi
ndust
ri
aldev
elopment
buyingcompani es.
3. Openi ngupt heformerWhi t
ehighl
andstowi l
l
ingbuyers. 1. At
tainingrapidgrowthinindust
ri
alpr
oduct
ion.
4. Givi
ng/pr ovidi
ngloanst othosewhower ewill
ingtobuyland. 2. Cr
eat i
ngempl oyment.
5. Consol idation/adjudi
cat i
onoflandtoenabletomaximi ze 3. Cr
eat i
ngf or
eignexchange.
product ion. 4. Ut
il
izinglocalresour
ces.
6. I
ssui ngofl andtit
ledeedst omakeowner shi
plegal/easeland 5. Cr
eat i
nglocal i
ndust
rial
skill
s.
tr
ansf er.
7. Transf erofl andfrom EuropeanstoAfri
cans. St
epsbyt
hegov
ernmentt
oboosti
ndust
ri
es

Pr
obl
ems/chal
lengesf
aci
ngagr
icul
tur
e 1. Establ ishmentoft hemi ni str
yofcommer cet oexpand
commer cialandi ndustrial acti
viti
esi nt hecount ry .
1. Poori nf rast ructurei nsomepar tsoft hecount ryhasl edt o 2. Techni cal assi stancewasal soext endedt osmal l scal
e
greatl ossesoff arm pr oduce, thusr educingt heear ningsof busi nessest ohel pi mprov eenterprises.I talsopr omot ed
farmer s. theJuakal isect or.
2. Unsui tabl epr i
cesf oragr i
culturalcommodi ti
esont hewor ld/ 3. Agr o-basedi ndust riesl
ikebaker ies,teaandcof feehav e
l
ocal mar kethasdi scour agedf armer s. alsobeenpr omot edbyt hegov ernment .Text i
leindustries
3. Var iouspar tsoft hecount ryhav ebeenhi tbydr ought/f ami ne, hav ebeenexpanded.
thusf or cingt hegov ernmentt oprov iderelieffood. 4. Establ ishmentofst ate-
ownedf inanci alandbanki ng
4. Far mer s’ pr oducei sof tendest r
oy edbypest saf t
erhar vest, i
nst itutionshashel pedtoexpandeconomi cgr owt h
l
eadi ngt of oodshor tage/poorst or age. throughi ssui ngofl oans.
5. Poort echnol ogy/useoft radit
ional met hodshav econt r
ibuted 5. Thegov ernmenthassol dpar astatal shar est othepubl ic.
tol owy iel ds. 6. Thegov ernmentest abl
ishedl ightengi neer i
ngindust ri
es
6. Pol it
ical lyi nstigatedet hnicclasheshav edi scouragedf ar mers topr oducebasi cimpl ement s.
from car ryingouti ntensef armingduet oi nsecurit
y. 7. Thegov ernmentsetupamot orv ehicleassembl ingplant
7. Thepopul ationofKeny ahasbeengr owingf asterthant he i
nThi kaandoi lrefineri
esi nMombasa.
gainsmadei nt heagr i
culturalsect or. 8. Tour ism i ndust r
yhasbeenest abl i
shedt oboostt he
8. Cor ruptgov ernmentof fi
cialshav egr abbed/sol dresear chland count r
y ’
seconomy .
ther ebyaf fectingt heoper ati
onsofr esear chinsti
tutions/ 9. Establ ishmentofKeny aI ndustrialEst ate( KIE)topr ovi
de
Mi smanagementoff undsmeantf oragr icult
uredev elopment . techni cal adv iceandcapi talfortheest ablishmentof

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 71
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
fact
oriesbyAfr
icans.
10. Prospecti
ngandmi ni
ngofmi neral
slikeoi
l,
coal
andgol
d.  Pover
ty,
ignor
anceanddi
seaseswer
ethemai
nsoci
alpr
obl
ems
11. Construct
ionofinf
rast
ruct
urelikeroads. af
teri
ndependence.

Chal
lenges Educat
ion

1. Thecapi t
alwast ransf
erredf
rom thecount r
ybythewhit
es.  Ki
swahi
liwasgi
venarespectabl
estatusinthecountr
y.
2. Landlessness.  Commissi
onsweresetuptostreamli
needucation.
3. Inadequateinf
rastruct
ureespecial
lyAf
ricanreser
ves.  Har
ambeewasusedt oexpandeducationfaci
li
ti
es.
4. Rural-
urbanmi grati
onledtoinadequat
ef aci
li
ti
es.
5. ControloftheeconomybyEur opeancommuni tye.
g.l
arge Commi
ssi
ons
i
ndust r
iesandf arms
6. Unskill
edlabour. 1. Keny aeducat i
oncommi ssion/Omi ndeCommi ssi
on(1964)–
recommendedmaj orchanges.
Whypar
ast
atal
sar
esetup 2. National commi t
teeoneducat i
onobj ect
ives&poli
cies(1976)
3. Presidentialworki
ngpar tyont he2nduni versi
ty(
1982)/Mackay
1. Generaterev
enue. commi ssion-
Recommendedt he8- 4-4.
2. Provi
deloanstofarmersandbusi nessmen. 4. KamungeCommi ssion(1988)-recommendedcostshar ingin
3. Creat
eempl oyment. educationandr educt i
onofsubj ectsi n8-4-4
4. Helpthegovernmenttocontrolkeysector
soft heeconomy. 5. Dav yKoechcommi ssi
on( 1988)-recommendedi nt
roducti
onof
5. Toprov i
deessent
ialser
vicestociti
zense.g.KenyaRail
way TotalIntegratedQual i
tyEducationandTr aini
ng(TI
QET)
Corporati
on.
 In1969, Mi nist ryofeducat iont ookov erthePr imaryeducat ion
20/
01/
1978,
Keny
aPor
tsAut
hor
it
y(KPA)
from t hel ocal gov er nment .
 In1978, school mi lkwasi nt r
oducedi nprimar yschool to
Wassetupt
o:-
encour agechi ldr ent ogot oschool
1. Toprovidemoder ncontainersforhandli
ngall
t y
pesofcargoi
n  In2002, NARCgov ernmenti nt r
oducedf reepr i
mar yeducat ion
Keny
a. policy
2. TohandlesKeny a’sexportsandi mpor
ts.  Vocat ional inst itutionshav ebeeni ntroducede. g.vil
lage
3. Toearnf or
eignexchangef orthecountry. polytechni ccol leges
4. Asasour ceofempl oyment .  Teacher s’ Tr aini ngCol leges
5. Tosti
mul at
edl ocali
ndustry.  Agr i
cul tural basedcol l
eges
6. I
tappointspilot
swhobr ingbi gshipst
oKi l
i
ndinihar
bour
.  Univ er sities
7. I
tbui
ldsandmai ntai
nsnav igati
onalgr
ids.  K.I.
E.hasbecomet hemaj ornat i
onal curri
culum dev elopment
andr esear chcent re.
 Kenyapowerandl ighti
ngcompanyhasal sofacili
tat
ed  Keny anat i
onal exami nationcounci l(KNEC)wasest ablishedi n
economi cdev el
opmenti nKeny a. 1977t oev al uat el ear nersatpr imar y
, secondar yandmi ddl e-
 Keny apost al corporati
onhascont ri
butedal ott otheeconomy
. l
ev el col leges.
 1990’ sKeny ast art
edl i
ber al
izi
ngtheeconomy .  In1970, Uni v ersi tycol legeofNai r
obi becauseaf ulluniv ersity.
 In1984, Moi uni v ersitywasest ablished
Probl
emsf acingi ndustrial
izat i
oninKeny a  In1985, Keny at taUni versitywasest abl i
shed
 In1987, Eger tonUni versit
yf ollowed
1. Capi t
al i
sr epat r
iat
edf rom Keny a  Thiswasf ollowedbyJomoKeny attaUni versit
yofAgr icultural
2. I mportedmat eri
alsareused. andTechnol ogyi n1994, Masenoi n1999andWest ernCol lege
3. For ei
gnerst akemostmanager i
alposts. ofSci enceandTechnol ogyasauni versit
yin2003.
4. Mi smanagementofmaj orindustr
ies.  Apubl i
cuni ver sityhasbeenpr oposedf ortheCoastPr ov ince.
5. Mosti ndust riesarelocat edneartowns, thushi nderi
ng  Privat euni v ersi ti
eshav ealsobeenl icensedt opr ovi
dehi gher
expansion. educat ione. g.Day star,Bar aton, USIU, Catholi
cUni versityof
6. Shor t
ageoff inancialsuppor t. EastAf rica, Nazar eneandMet hodist.
7. Compet it
ionf rom mor ei ndustr
ial
i
zedcount r
ies.  In1970’ sHi ghEducat i
onLoansBoar d(HELB)wasest abl i
shed
8. Smal ldomest icmar ketofKeny a. toloant hest udent st ocompl eteeducat ion.
9. Smal lquant it
iesofpr oduceduet ouseofl owtechniques.  In1999, par allel degr eecour seswer ei ntroduced.
10. Lackofst rategicraw-mat er
ial
se.g.petroleum.
Chal
lengesi
neducat
ionsi
ncei
ndependence.
Ef
fect
sofKeny
aindust
ri
aldev
elopment
8. Inadequat elear ni
ngandt eachingf aci
li
ti
eslikecl assrooms.
1. I
thasincreasedempl oy mentoppor tunit
ies. 9. Insuf fi
cientfundst oadequat elyremuner at
et eacher sand
2. I
thasli
berat edKeny afrom ov er-rel
i
anceonagr i
cul
tur
alsect
or. developl earningfacili
ti
es.
3. I
thasimpr ov edtheinfrastruct
ur e. 10. Highdr op-outr ateduet oear lypregnancyamonggi r
ls.
4. I
thasenabl edKeny atodiversifyhereconomy . 11. I
ndisciplineduet odrugabusewhi chcausesst r
ikes.
5. I
thasfacil
itatedut i
li
zationofmi ner
alresources. 12. Highpopul ati
onst rai
nst hef ewresour cesav ai
lable.
6. I
thasfacil
itatedt hegrowt hofur bancent er
s. 13. HIV/AIDSpandemi chast akenaheav ytoll
ont eacher s.
7. Cul
tur
alinteractionhasi ncreased. 14. Culturehasaf fectedthesect orint hatsomet r
aditionalwaysof
8. I
thasearnedt hecount ryself-
reli
ance. l
ifelikenomadi ccommuni ti
esdonotgi vevaluet oeducat i
on.
15. Frequentchangesandr evisi
onoft hecurri
culum whi chi nv
olv
es
Soci
aldev
elopment
sandchal
lengessi
ncei
ndependence hugef inancial r
esources.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 72
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com
16. Qual ityeducationisexpensi ve,henceoutofr eachbyor di
nary  1980’
sMoi I
nternati
onalSpor
tsCentr
e-Kasar
aniwassetup.
Keny anslikethepar al
lelprogrammes.  Thegov er
nmenti sencouragi
ngthecommuni t
ytopar
ti
cipatei
n
17. Toomanyunempl oyedpeopl ewi thhighereducat i
onand tr
adit
ionalsportli
kecockadbull
-fi
ghti
nginWester
nProvince.
techni calskil
lsdiscouragest hey outhsf r
om pur sui
nghigher
educat i
on. St
epstakenbytheKenyangovernmentt
opr
omot
enat
ional
18. Pol i
ticalinter
ferenceonl earninginstitut
ionsbypower f
ul i
ntegr
ati
onsincei
ndependence
i
ndi vidualswhoi nfl
uencetheappoi ntmentofi ncompetenthead
teacher s. 1. Dev elopmentofnat i
onal symbol s
19. Poorper formancei nMat hemat icsandSci encesmakest he 2. Decl ari
ngKi swahi l
ianat ionall
anguage
educat i
onsy stem notto 3. Est abl i
shi
ngaone- partyst atein1982andmul ti
part
ystat
ein
pr oduceenoughmanpoweri nt het echnicalfi
eld. 1992.
20. Cor ruptionandmi smanagementofl earninginsti
tut
ionsand 4. Pr omot i
onofhar ambeespi ri
t
embezzl ementofschool 5. Ny ayophi l
osophyofpeace, loveanduni ty
f unds. 6. Abol it
ionofsoci alsegr egati
on
7. Abol it
ionofet hnicor gani zati
onsandgr oupi
ngs
Heal
th 8. Useofsi milarnational const i
tution
9. Et hni cbalanceinpubl icinstit
utions
 Thegov ernmentest ablishedt hemi nistr
yofHeal thtomanage 10. Promot i
onofgames, spor t
sandcul t
uralact
ivi
ti
es
healthr elat edissuesi nt hecount ry. 11. Promot i
onofnat i
onal publicserv i
cei.
e.civi
lser
vantscanser
ve
 TheNat ional Insur anceFundwasest abli
shedt oassist any wherei nthe
i
npat i
ent st ooffsett hei rmedi calbills. count ry.
 Thegov ernmenthasencour agedNGOs/r eligi
ous
organizat ions/i ndividual stopr ovideheal thservi
ces. Chal
lengesi
nspor
ts
 Resear chi nstit
ut i
onsl ikeKEMRIwer eal soest abli
shedt o
researchoncausesandcur ef orsomedi seaseslikeLepr osy 1. Poorat t
it
udet owar dsact i
vit
ieslikeculture,musicandspor t
s.
 Immuni zat ioncampai gnofchi ldr
ent oprev entthespr eadof 2. Poorf i
nancial rewar ds.
communi cabl edi seaseswascar ri
edout 3. Mi sappropr i
at i
onoff undsmeantf ortheirdevelopment.
 Anumberofhospi tals/cl inics/di spensar i
esandNy ay owar ds 4. Inadequat ef acilit
iesofcul t
ureandspor ti
ngact i
v i
ti
es.
arebui ltusi ngt heHar ambeemot t
o/Cr eat ionoftwor eferral 5. Piracyofar t
isticwor kshasdeni edthem r evenue.
hospital s. 6. MostKeny a’
scul turalar
tif
actswer etakenbyt hecolonist
s.
 Therehasbeent het rainingofmor eheal thper sonnel by 7. For eignteam sy ndrome- Suchteamshav eacquiredfanati
cal
establishi ngmedi cal trainingcent ers. suppor tfrom Keny aattheexpenseoft hel ocalteams.
 Creatingpubl icawar enessonheal thr el
atedi ssues. 8. Expl oit
ati
onofr oyaltypayment sinmusi c, ar
tanddr ama.
9. Influenceoff oreigncul t
ureshasmadeKeny anst oabandon
 Ithasempl oyedmor eheal thwor kers.
theirowncul tures.
 Ithassubsi di
zedt hecostofheal thcar e/f reemedi cal services.
 Licensingt heact i
viti
esofher bali
sts/pr i
v atehospitalsint he Howthegovernmenthasattempt
edt
opr
eser
vecul
tur
alher
it
agei
n
country . Keny
asinceindependence.
Chal
lengest
oheal
th 1. Ithasi ncor por at edsomeaspect sofcul turalst udi
esi nschool
s.
2. Ithaspr omot edcompet i
tionbet weenschool sandot her
1. Rapi dlygr owingpopul at
ion. i
nst it
utionsofl ear ningoncul t
uralissuesl i
kemusi cf esti
val
s.
2. HI V/ AI DSandot herdeadly/termi naldiseases. 3. Hasencour agedi nt ermar riagebet weendi f
ferentethnicgroups.
3. Mi smanagementofheal t
hinstituti
onsandembezzl ementof 4. Ithasencour agedpeopl etoset tl
eandownpr opertyinanypar t
funds. oft hecount ry.
4. Br aindr ainofqual i
fi
edpersonnel hasaf f
ectedt hesect or. 5. Ithasest abl i
shedandmai nt ainedcent er swhi chpr eserve
5. Somecul t
ural practi
cese.g.taboos, femal ecircumci sion. culturalv aluesandher it
ageofdi ff
er entcommuni t
iese.g.
6. Pov ertyandmal nut r
it
ionwhichcausepat i
ent st oresor tto museums, BomasofKeny a, Nat i
onal Ar chives, Media
cheapt reatmentt hatisnoteffective. progr ammesoncul tur
e.
7. I l
legal abor ti
onsandear lypregnanci es. 6. Ithasencour agedt hemi gr ationandset tlementofpeopl efrom
8. I nadequat efundswhi chmakesi tdiffi
cultfort hegov ernmentto differentet hni cgr oupsi nt our bancent ers.
prov i
demedi cal faci
li
ti
eshasl ower edt hequal ityoft he 7. Ithasest abl i
shedl earningi nstit
utionswher epeopl ef r
om
ser v
ices/i nadequat emedi calequi pment . differentcommuni tiesi nteract .
9. Hi ghr ateofacci dentsandinjuri
eswhi chst r
aint hefew 8. Ithasal lowedf reedom ofwor shipwhi chpr ovidesfor
facili
tiesav ailable. i
nt eractionofAf ricanr eli
giousher itage.
10. Poort r
anspor tandcommuni cat i
oni nsomear easunder mine 9. Ithasest abl i
shedami nistryi nchar geofCul t
ur e.
thepr ov isi
onofheal th
ser v
ices. I
mportanceofcul tur al act i
viti
esi nKeny a.
11. Cont inuedpol luti
onoft heenv i
ronmenthasl edt oi ncreased
ailment shereby 1. Forent er tainment
j
eopar disingt hegov ernmentef fort. 2. Educat et hemasses
3. Unit
ethepeople
4. Promotepatr
iot
ism
Cul
tur
e&spor
ts 5. Sourceofemployment
 Cult
uralacti
vi
t i
esenter
tai
nedpeople, educatemasses,unit
e
i
nteractpeople,promot
epat r
iot
ism andcr eateemploy
ment .
 Kenyahasexcel ledi
nsportsli
keathleti
cs,footbal
l
,vol
leybal
l
et
c.

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 73
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

Comput erf orm 1- -

4
Geogr aphyf orm 1--4
Homesci encef 1--
4
I.
R. Estudi esf 1-4
Fr enchnot es
Set booksgui des
Primar yschool notes
KCSETopi cals
* CPA*t uiti
oning
Updat ed* CPA, CIFA
ATD*KASNEBnot es
Updat ed
*CPS, CICT,ATD*KASNEB
*LATESTHI GHSCHOOL Not es
NOTES* Updat ed
*0714497530*( Mr *I
CT, IT,ACCA, CFA*not es
I
saboke) For extradi nggui dance
Mathsf or m 1-4 * CCTV*i nstallati
on
Engli
shf or m 1-
4 &Net wor kingser vi
ces
ki
swahi liform 1-4 Onl i
neser v i
ces
chemi stryform 1--
4 *_Al lthemat erialsarei n
Biol
ogyf orm 1-
4 softcopyandwe' ll
Physicsf orm 1--
4 updat ed
Agri
cul t
ur eform 1--
4 Text/ callorWhat sApp
Businessf orm 1--4 *0714497530t ogety our
Crefor m 1--4 copy _*
Hist
or yform 1--4
Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 74
 PAPER1 i
saboke
mic
ah@g
mai
l.
com

*ht
tps:
//wa.
me/
25471449
7530*

Nove
ls,
Upda
tedI
CT,
CPA,
KAS
NEB,
Hig
hSc
hool
&Pr
ima
ryNot
es0714497530 75