CHAPTER 4

Sample Problem 3:

Determine the piston displacement of 35 cm x 45 cm, 4-stroke, 1200 rpm, 8- cylinder diesel engine?

Sample Problem 5BD:

The area of an indicator diagram taken off a four-cylinder, single acting, four stroke engine when
running at 5.5 rev/s is 390 mm², the length is 70 mm and the scale of the indicator spring is 1 mm =
80 kPa. The diameter of the cylinders Is 150 mm and the stroke is 200 mm. Calculate the indicated
power of the engine assuming all cylinders develop equal power.

Sample Problem 7:

A six cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm bore x 89 mm stroke was run in the laboratory
at 2000rpm, when it was found that the engine torque was 153.5 N-m with all the cylinders firing but
123 N-m when one cylinder was out. The engine consumed 12.2 kg of fuel per hour with a heating
value of 54,120 kJ/kg of air at 15.6°C. Determine the indicated power.
Sample Problem 8:

What is the mechanical efficiency of a 0.5 MW diesel engine if the friction power is 70 kW?

Sample Problem 9:

A 16-cylinder V - type diesel engine is directly coupled to 3/4 MW AC generator. Calculate the
generator efficiency of the engine if the brake power is 833.33 kW.

Sample Problem 12:

Determine the volumetric efficiency of 35 cm x 45 cm, 4 stroke 1200 rpm, 8-cylinder diesel engine if
the air drawn in the engine is 3 m³/s?
Sample Problem 13:

A four-stroke, 8-cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 inches and 12 inches respectively
and speed of 950 rpm has a brake mean effective pressure of 164 psi. What is the brake specific fuel
consumption in Ib per hp-hr if the engine consumed 468.55 lbs of fuel per hour?
1. A 2000 kW diesel engine unit uses 1 bbl oil per 525 kw-hr produced. Oil is 25 °API Efficiency of
generator is 93%, mechanical efficiency of engine is 80%. What is the thermal efficiency of the
engine based on indicated power?

A. 31.69% C. 29.47%
B. 39.6% D. 35.6%
2. Find the power which a 2.5 MW natural gas engine can developed at an altitude of 1981.2 m
taking into consideration that the pressure change alone.

A. 1.957 MW C. 1.597 MW
B. 1.795 MW D. 1.579 MW

3. A four cylinder, 4 stroke cycle, 20 cm x 25 cm x 550 rpm diesel engine has a mean effective
pressure of 150 psi. Calculate the brake power in kW if engine efficiency is 88%.

A. 131 kW C. 141 kW
B. 138 kW D. 148 kW
4. If the brake mean effective pressure of a diesel engine is 500 kPa and the mechanical efficiency is
85%, what is the indicated mean effective pressure?

A. 588.24 kPa C. 524.88 kPa

B. 688.24 kPa D. 624.88 kPa

5. The brake thermal efficiency of a 1 MW diesel electric plant is 36%. Find the heat generated by
fuel in kW if the generator efficiency is 89%.

A. 3,121.10 kW C. 3,528.64 kW
B. 4,121.10 kW D. 4,528.64 kW
6. A diesel engine is operating on a 4 stroke cycle has a heat rate of 8000 Btu/Hp-hr. The
compression ratio is 13, cut-off ratio is 2 and k = 1.32 Find the brake engine efficiency.

A. 63.49% C. 64.39%
B. 69.43% D. 46.93 %

7. Sample Problem 6: The flywheel of a rope brake is 1.22 m diameter and the rope is 24 mm
diameter. When the engine is running at 250rev/min the load on the brake is 480 N on one end
of the rope and 84 N on the other end. Calculate the brake power.
8. Gas is expanded in an engine cylinder following the law PV n = C where the value of n is 1.3. The
initial pressure is 2,550 kPa and the final pressure is 210 kPa. If the volume at the end of
expansion is 0.75 m3, calculate the volume at the beginning of expansion.

A. 0.1099 m3 C. 0.099 m3
B. 0.9019 m3 D. 0.991 m3

CHAPTER 5

1. Air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 227°C and 43 m/s. The products of
combustion leave the combustor at 517 kPa, 1004°C and 140 m/s. Liquid fuel enters with the
heating value of 43000 kJ/kg. The combustor efficiency is 95%. What is the air-fuel ratio?
Note: Properties of Air: At 500 K, h= 503.02 kJ/kg; At 1280 K, h= 1372.25 kJ/kg.

A. 47.39 C. 56.93
B. 32.25 D. 44.95
2. What is the thermal efficiency of an air-standard Brayton cycle if the pressure ratio is 10?

A. 48.21% C. 45.36%

B. 50.16% D. 42.44%

3. Air is drawn into a gas turbine working on the constant pressure cycle at 1 bar 21°C and
compressed to 5.7 bar. The temperature at the end of heat supply is 680°C. Taking
expansion and compression to be adiabatic where C v = 0.718 kJ/kg-K, Cp = 1.055 kJ/kg-K,
calculate the heat energy supplied per kg at constant pressure.

A. 472 kJ/kg C. 501 kJ/kg

B. 389 kJ/kg D. 489 kJ/kg

4. What is the efficiency of the compressor in a gas turbine plant if the compressor power is
300 kW. Power input is 400 kW.

A. 75% C. 85%
B. 80% D. 70%
5. Calculate the work done per kg of gas expanding from 6.33 kg/cm 2 abs to 1.05 kg/cm2 abs. in
a gas turbine of 82% internal efficiency. Initial temperature, 750°C; k= 1.34, M=29.

A. 349 kJ/kg
B. 425 kJ/kg
C. 249 kJ/kg
D. 525 kJ/kg
6. Kerosene is the fuel of a gas turbine plant: fuel-air ratio, m f= 0.012, T3= 972K, pressure ratio,
rp= 4.5c exhaust to atmosphere. Find the available energy in kJ per kg air flow. Assume k=
1.34 and Cp= 1.13.

A. 352.64 kJ/kg
B. 452.64 kJ/kg
C. 252.64 kJ/kg
D. 552.64 kJ/kg
7. Products of combustion with k of 1.35, 556K, molecular weight M= 29, are moving within an
exhaust pipe at 174 m/s; 1.12 kg/cm 2 abs. static pressure. Find the total pressure and
temperature.

A. 1.61 kg/cm2, 580K

B. 1.61 kg/cm2, 570K
C. 1.13 kg/cm2, 570K
D. 1.13 kg/cm2, 580K
8. A gas turbine power plant operation on the Brayton cycle delivers 15 MW to a standby
electric generator. What is the mass flow and volume flow rate of air if the minimum and
maximum pressures are 100 kPa and 500 kPa respectively, and the temperatures of 20°C
and 100°C.

A. 31.97 kg/s, 26.88 m3/s

B. 36.98 kg/s, 28.99 m3/s
C. 41.97 kg/s, 26.88 m3/s
D. 46.98 kg/s, 28.99 m3/s
CHAPTER 6

1. During the process of raising steam in a boiler, when the pressure was 1.9 bar gauge
the temperature inside the boiler was 130°C and when the pressure was 6.25 bar
gauge (0.625 MPag) the temperature was 165°C. If the volume of the steam space is
constant at 4.25 m³. Calculate the mass of steam.
3
m
Steam Properties: At 130°C, P = 2.7 bar: vg = 0.6686
kg
A. 3.356 kg C. 5.356 kg
B. 4.356 kg D. 6.356 kg

kJ
2. A turbine in a Rankine cycle has an available enthalpy of 1000 . Determine the net
kg
kg kJ
cycle output if the mass flow rate is 6 and the pump work is 150 .
s kg
A. 6.8 MW C. 4.6 MW
B. 3.7 MW D. 5.1 MW

kJ kg
3. A steam generator has an exit enthalpy of 3500 at the rate of 15 . Calculate
kg s
the heat lost between boiler outlet and turbine inlet if the enthalpy available at the
kJ
turbine inlet is 3200 .
kg
A. -4500 kW C. -5700 kW
B. -2500 kW D. -7650 kW
4. The difference in enthalpy at the entrance and exit in the first and second stage of a
kJ kJ
reheat power plant are 500 and 900 respectively. Determine the plant cycle
kg kg
efficiency if both stages has an efficiency of 90% and the heat added to the boiler is
3500 kJ/kg. Neglect pump work.
A. 36 % C. 40 %
B. 34 % D. 42 %

5. In a Rankine cycle, what is the entrance pressure of the turbine if the condenser
kJ
pressure is 105 kPa and the pump work is 20 . Use density of water entering the
kg
kg
pump, 950 3 .
m
A. 17.916 MPa C. 19.105 MPa
B. 15.601 MPa D. 18.432 MPa
6. A thermal power plant generates 4000 kW and 400 kW for auxiliaries. Determine the
net thermal efficiency if the heat generated by fuel is 15000 kW.
A. 24 % C. 28 %
B. 26 % D. 30 %

7. Steam enters the turbine of a cogeneration plant at 7.0 MPa and 500°C. Steam at a
flow rate of 7.6 kg/s is extracted from the turbine at 600 kPa pressure for process
heating. The remaining steam continues to expand to 10 kPa. The recovered
condensates are pumped back to the boiler. The mass flow rate of steam that enters
the turbine is 30 kg/s. Calculate the cogeneration efficiency in percent.
Steam Properties:
kJ kJ
At 7 MPa and 500°C: h = 3410.3 , s = 6.7975
kg kg−K
kJ kJ kJ kJ
At 600 kPa: hf = 676.56 , hfg = 2086.3 , sf = 1.9312 , sfg = 4.8288
kg kg kg−K kg−K
kJ kJ kJ kJ
At 10 kPa: hf = 191.83 , hfg = 2392.8 , sf = 0.6493 , sfg = 7.50146
kg kg kg−K kg−K
A. 60 C. 65
B. 50 D. 55
8. In a cogeneration plant, steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa and 400°C. One fourth of
the steam is extracted from the turbine at 600 kPa pressure for process heating. The
remaining steam continues to expand to 10 Kpa. The extracted steam is then
condensed and mixed with feedwater at constant pressure and the mixture is
pumped to the boiler pressure of 4 MPa. The mass flow rate of the steam through
the boiler is 30 kg/s. Disregarding any pressure drops and heat losses in the piping,
and assuming the turbine and pump to be isentropic, how much process heat is
required in kW?
Steam Properties:
kJ kJ
At 4 MPa and 400°C: h = 3213.6 , s = 6.7690
kg kg−K
kJ kJ kJ kJ
At 600 kPa: hf = 670.56 , hfg = 2086.3 ,s = 1.9312 , s = 4.8288
kg kg f kg−K fg kg−K
A. 15,646.8 C. 3,578.5
B. 2,468.2 D. 1,026.9
9. A steam plant operates with and initial pressure of 1.7 MPa and 370°C temperature
and exhaust to a heating system to a heating at 0.17 MPa. The condensate from the
heating system is returned to the boiler at 65.5°C and the heating system utilizes
from its intended purpose 90% of the energy transferred from the steam it receives.
The turbine efficiency is 70%. If the boiler efficiency is 80%, what is the cogeneration
efficiency of the system in percent. Neglect pumpwork.
Steam Properties:
kJ kJ
At 1.7 MPa and 370°C: h = 3187.1 , s = 7.1081
kg kg−K
kJ
At 65°C: hf = 274.14
kg
kJ kJ kJ kJ
At 1.7 MPa: hf = 483.2 , hfg = 2216 , sf = 1.4752 , sfg = 5.7062
kg kg kg−K kg−K
A. 78 C. 91.24
B. 102.1 D. 69
10. A back pressure steam turbine of 100,000 kW serves as a prime mover in a
cogeneration system. The boiler admits the return water at a temperature of 66°C
and produces the steam at 455°C. Steam then enters a back pressure turbine and
expands to the pressure of the process, which is 0.52 MPa. Assuming a boiler
efficiency of 80% and neglecting the effect of pumping and the pressure drops at
various location, what is the incremental heat rate for electric? The following
kJ kJ
enthalpies have been found: turbine entrance = 3306.8 , exit = 2700.8 ; boiler
kg kg
kJ kJ
entrance = 276.23 , exit = 3306.8 .
kg kg
kJ kJ
A. 22504.23 C. 12435.72
kg kg
kJ kJ
B. 52244.32 D. 32234.82
kg kg
CHAPTER 7
1. 150 grams of water at 75°C is heated at constant pressure. The water is completely
vaporized. Find the heat added.
a. 543.52 kJ c. 354.67 kJ
b. 816.66 kJ d. 1135.66 kJ

2. A high temperature source at 950 K provides 580 kJ heat to a heat engine. The heat
engine converts 200 kJ network and rejects the balance to a temperature sink at 295
K. Compare the thermal efficiency E t of this engine to the thermal efficiency E rev of
the Carnot cycle reversible engine.
a. Et = Erev c. Et< Erev
b. Et> Erev d. Et ≤ Erev
3. What is the total pressure loss in steam pipe 164 m long if the equivalent pressure
loss is 50 kPa per 30 meters?
a. 273 KPa c. 372 KPa
b. 173 Kpa d. 473 KPa

4. A fire-tube boiler operates at 200 psia (1.378 MPa) with 200°F (93.3°C) feedwater,
both at saturated condition. The diameter of the boiler is 213.4 cm, length of 5.5 m,
and having 84 tubes, 10.2 cm inside diameter, 10.5 cm outside diameter. Determine
the boiler heating surface in m² and the weight of steam generated in kg/s if the
boiler evaporates 34.5 lb/hr of water per 12 ft² of heating surface or 3.9 g/m 2-s?
a. 2,360.67 kg/hr c. 3,247.76 kg/hr
b. 1,234.57 kg/hr d. 4,576.68 kg/hr

5. One hundred thousand pounds of water per hour at 750 psia and 250°F (he 230.9
BTU/lb) are received by a steam generating unit. Steam leaves the superheater at
650 psia and 600°F (hs = 1286.5 BTU/lb) The fuel used is coal whose heating value is
 12,500 BTU/Ib. Calculate the weight of fuel fired per hour if economizer efficiency is
85%
a. 4.44 long tons per hour c. 3.43 long tons per hour
b. 5.44 long tons per hour d. 1.45 long tons per hour

CHAPTER 8
m
1. A 4 kg air enters a turbine with enthalpy of 600 kJ and velocity of 250 . The enthalpy at
s
m
exit is 486 kJ and velocity of 170 . What is the work developed if there is a heat loss of
s
10 kJ?
A. 128.83 KJ C. 80.2 kJ
B. 171.2 kJ D. 28.3 kJ

2. An engine requires 4300 kg of dry steam per hour. The quality of steam is 90%. What
must be the weight of steam?
kg kg
A. 4778 C. 4000
hr hr
kg kg
B. 5258 D. 6000
hr hr
3. After checking on the properties and phase descriptions of water, the quality is found to
be x = 0.7 How many percent of the mass is in the liquid phase?
A. 70% C. 0.70%
B. 100% D. 30%

kg kJ
4. Steam enters the turbine at the rate of 11,000 with enthalpies of 3000 and 1000
hr kg
kJ
at the entrance and exhaust respectively. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 3500
kg
kg kJ
for heating purposes with enthalpy of 2700 . Calculate the turbine work.
hr kg
A. 5,468.33 kW C. 4,569.33 kW
B. 4,458.33 kW D. 5,425.33 kW
 kJ kJ
5. A steam turbine has an entrance enthalpy of 3000 and an exit enthalpy of 2000 .
kg kg
kJ
What is the stage efficiency if the actual enthalpy after isentropic expansion is 2,200 ?
kg
A. 82% C. 86%
B. 70% D. 80%