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Encyclopedia of African American Business
Encyclopedia of African American
Business
Updated and Revised Edition
VOLUME ONE: A–L
Jessie Carney Smith, Editor
Copyright © 2018 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion
of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the
publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Smith, Jessie Carney, 1930– editor.
Title: Encyclopedia of African American business / Jessie Carney Smith,
editor.
Description: Updated and revised edition. | Santa Barbara : Greenwood,
[2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017026438 (print) | LCCN 2017051010 (ebook) | ISBN
9781440850288 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440850271 (set : acid-free paper) | ISBN
9781440850295 (vol. 1 : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9781440850301 (vol. 2 :
acid-free paper)
Subjects: LCSH: African American business enterprises—Encyclopedias. |
African American businesspeople—Encyclopedias.
Classification: LCC HD2358.5.U6 (ebook) | LCC HD2358.5.U6 E53 2018
(print) | DDC 338.7092/396073—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017026438
ISBN: 978-1-4408-5027-1 (set)
978-1-4408-5029-5 (vol. 1)
978-1-4408-5030-1 (vol. 2)
978-1-4408-5028-8 (ebook)
22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available as an eBook.
Greenwood
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
www.abc-clio.com
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
Alphabetical List of Entries
Guide to Related Topics
African American Business Leaders by Occupation
Preface
Introduction
Encyclopedia of African American Business: Updated and
Revised Edition
Appendix
Selected Bibliography
About the Editor and Contributors
Index
Alphabetical List of Entries
Volume One
Aaron, Henry "Hank"
Abbott, Robert Sengstacke
Advertising Agencies
Advertising and Marketing
African American Businesses in Major Cities
Alexander, Archie Alphonso
Alexander, Clifford Leopold, Jr.
American Savings and Loan League
Amos, Wally "Famous Amos," Jr.
Bannister, Christiana Carteaux
Barbecue Establishments
Barber Shops
Barden, Don H.
Beauty Shops
Berry, Edwin C.
Binga, Jesse
Black Americans and Business Development in Other Countries
Black Banks
Black Business Development and the Federal Government
Black Businesses in Large Cities
Black Corporate Directors Conference
Black Press
Black Retail Action Group
Blacks in Agriculture
Black Wall Street
Booker T. Washington Business Association
Boyd, Richard Henry
Bridgeman, Ulysses "Junior"
Brimmer, Andrew Felton
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Burns, Ursula M.
Bush, John Edward
Business Law and Legal Issues
Business Ownership in Select Academic Institutions
Business Trends in the 21st Century
Cardozo Sisters
Career Pathways Initiatives in Black Colleges
Cassell, Albert Irvin
Catering Industry
Centers for Entrepreneurship in Academic Institutions
Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade in the 1920s and 1930s
Chase, Debra Martin
Chase, Leah Lange
Chenault, Kenneth Irvine
Church, Robert Reed, Sr.
Citizens’ League for Fair Play
Clark, Alexander G.
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
Coincoin, Marie Therese
Coleman, Kenneth L.
Colored Merchants' Association
Combs, Sean John "Diddy"
Conferences and Studies on the Negro in Business
Conferences on African American Businesses
Consumer Cooperatives
Conyers, Nathan G.
Cooper, Edith W.
Corporation of Caterers
Credit Unions
Cuffe, Paul
Cullers, Vincent T.
Darden, Calvin R.
Davis, Edward
Day, Thomas
De Passe, Suzanne
Diggs, Charles, Jr.
Don't Buy Where You Can't Work Movement
Douglass, Frederick
Dr. Dre (Andre Young)
Dudley, Joe L., Sr.
Economic Boycotts and Protests
E. E. Ward Transfer & Storage Company
Eldridge, Elleanor
Ellison, William
Eta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc.
Faith-Based Entrepreneurship
Farley, James Conway
Farr, Melvin
Fashion Industry
Federal Records for African American Business History
Federation of Southern Cooperatives Land Assistance Fund
Food Service Industry
Ford, Barney Launcelot
Forten, James
Frazier, Kenneth C.
Free Black Entrepreneurs
Fudge, Ann M.
Fuller, S. B.
Funderburg, Ilon Owen
Funeral Industry
Garvey, Marcus, and UNIA Enterprises
Gaston, Arthur George
Gibson, John Trusty
Gordy, Berry, Jr.
Graves, Earl G.
Grocery Store Enterprises
Hamilton, Jeremiah G.
Hannah, Marc R.
Harris, Carla Ann
Healthcare Industry
Herman, Alexis M.
Herndon, Alonzo Franklin
Hightower, Dennis Fowler
Hill, Jesse, Jr.
Hip-Hop and Consumerism
Holstein, Casper A.
Hoteliers, Hotels, and Inns
Howell, Christine Moore
Howroyd, Janice Bryant
Hughes, Catherine "Cathy"
International Black Women's Congress
Jackson, Maynard Holbrook, Jr.
Jackson, O'Shea "Ice Cube"
Jakes, Thomas "T.D."
John, Daymond G.
Johnson, Earvin "Magic," Jr.
Johnson, Eunice Walker
Johnson, John H.
Johnson, Robert L.
Johnson, William Tyler
Jones, Caroline R.
Jones, John
Jones, Quincy
Jordan, Vernon Eulion
Joyner, Marjorie Stewart
King, Don
Lafon, Thomy
Lane, Lunsford
Langston, Ronald N.
Lankford, John Anderson
Lawal, Kase
Leavell, Dorothy R.
Lee, Debra Louise
Lee, Spike
Legal Defense and Educational Fund
Leidesdorff, William
Lewis, Byron Eugene
Lewis, Delano Eugene
Lewis, Reginald F.
Lewis, William M., Jr.
Ligon, Alfred M.
Llewellyn, James Bruce
Volume Two
Madison, Paula
Malone, Annie Turnbo
Malveaux, Julianne
Marketing to Youth
Mason, Bridget "Biddy"
Mays, William G.
McCall, H. Carl
McCann, Renetta
McKissack, Calvin, and McKissack, Moses, III
McKissack and McKissack Architects and Engineers, Inc.
Mercado-Valdes, Frank
Merrick, John
Michaux, Lightfoot Solomon
Minority Enterprise Development Week
Moore, Aaron McDuffie
Morgan, Rose
Mowatt, Cecilia Antonietta
Murphy, Eddie
Myers, Isaac
Myers, Woodrow Augustus, Jr.
Nail, John E. "Jack"
Napier, James Carroll
National Afro-American League
National Alliance of Market Developers
National Association of Black Accountants
National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters
National Association of Black Women Entrepreneurs
National Association of Investment Companies
National Association of Minority Contractors
National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's
Clubs
National Black Chamber of Commerce
National Black Farmers Association
National Black MBA Association
National Black United Fund
National Negro Business League
O'Kelly, Berry
O'Leary, Hazel R.
O'Neal, E. Stanley
100 Black Men of America
Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America
Otis, Clarence, Jr.
Overton, Anthony
Pace, Harry H.
Parks, Henry Green, Jr.
Parsons, Richard Dean
Paschal, Robert, and Paschal, James
Paschal's Family Business
Patterson, Frederick Douglas
Payne, Charles V.
Payton, Philip A., Jr.
Perry, Heman Edward
Philanthropy and the Black Community
Phillips, Charles E., Jr.
Pierce, Joseph Alphonso
Potter, Myrtle Stephens
Procope, Ernesta G.
Proctor, Barbara Gardner
Raines, Franklin Delano
Real Estate Industry
Reid, Antonio "L.A."
Retail Industry
Rhimes, Shonda
Rhone, Sylvia
Rice, Linda Johnson
Rice, Norman Blann
Roadside and Street Vending
Roberts, Roy S.
Ruggles, David
Russell, Herman Jerome
Sailors and Merchant Mariners
Savage, Frank
Savings and Loan Associations
Scottron, Samuel R.
Shaw, Alan
Shoeshine Establishments
Simmons, Joseph Jacob (Jake), Jr.
Simmons, Russell
Sims, Naomi R.
Sklarek, Norma Merrick
Smith, Barbara "B"
Sneed, Paula Ann
Social Media and Marketing
Spaulding, Charles Clinton
Steward, David L.
Sullivan, Leon Howard
Sutton, Percy Ellis
Switzer, Lucious (Lou)
Tandy, Vertner W., Sr.
Taylor, Susan L.
Theater Owners Booking Association and the Entertainment
Industry
Thompson, John W.
Toote, Gloria E. A.
Transportation Businesses
Travis, Dempsey Jerome
Trotter, Lloyd G.
Urban Financial Services Coalition
Vaden-Williams, Sheila
Walker, A'Lelia
Walker, Antonio Maceo
Walker, Madam C. J. (Sarah Breedlove)
Walker, Maggie Lena Mitchell
Ward, Lloyd David
Ware, Carl H.
Washington, Augustus
Washington, Booker T.
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