Solution

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JEE main - Physics

1. (a) 99 Ω
Explanation: The deflection (θ) is proportional to (i).
ig
S
=
I S+G
1 1
∴ =
100 1+G

∴ G + 1 = 100
∴ G = 99 Ω

2.
(b) 245 Ω

I
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Explanation:

0.02i Rg =0.98 × 5

BO
Rg = 245 Ω

3.
R
(d) n−1
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Explanation:

Potential difference across the ammeter

= Potential difference across the shunt
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IR = (n-\)IS
k
or s = (n−1)
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4.
(b) 0.001
Explanation: Shunt resistance
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Vg
S =
I−Ig

Neglecting Ig, we can write

Vg −3
25× 10 Volt
S ≅ ≅
I 25Amp
VE

−3
≅10 ohm = 0.001Ω

5.
(b) a high resistance in series
Explanation: A voltmeter is a high resistance galvanometer. So, to convert an ammeter or galvanometer into a voltmeter, a
high resistance should be connected in series with the galvanometer.
6. (a) 25
Explanation: Given that, V = 5 volt; Ig = 0.005 amp; and R = 975 Ω
V V
R= Ig
− G or G = Ig
− R

5
∴ G= 0.005
- 975 = 25 Ω
7.
(c) 4450 Ω
3
Explanation: The current through the galvanometer = 2950+50
−3
= 10 A

To reduce the deflection from 30 divisions to 20 divisions, the required current = 20

30
−3
× 10 =
2

3
−3
× 10 A

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 The required resistance R is given by: 3

R+50
=
2

3
× 10
−3

or R = 4450 Ω
8.
(d) S increases, A increase
Explanation: S increases, A increase
9.
(b) 5 × 10-4 Ω
Explanation: G = 50 Q, IG = 100μA, I = 10A
I
Shunt, S = ( G

I−IG
)G

−6
100×10
or S = ( −6
) × 50
10−100×10
−4
10 −4
= × 50 = 5 × 10 Ω
10

10.

I
(d) 3 × 10-3 A/div.

DH
Explanation: Given,
Current passing through galvanometer, I = 6 mA
Deflection, θ = 2o
Figure of merit of galvanometer

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= 3 × 10-3 A/div.
−3

= I

θ
=
6×10

11. (a) By connecting a shunt resistance of 0.3 Ω

Explanation: Length of wire, l = 20 cm
∴ Length of square,
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20
l = = 5 cm
4

As field is perpendicular to coil; θ = 90°

∴ F = IlBsinθ

= IIB
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F
⇒ I =
lB
2
=
0.05×8

I=5A
M

Hence, to make the range of given galvanometer to 5A,

Ig

S = G
LA

(I− Ig )

−3
15×10
=
−3
× 100 = 0.3 Ω
(5−(15× 10 ))

To measure current resistance is connected in parallel.

12.
VE

(c) 0%
Explanation: We have
C.S = and V.S =
N BA

K
NBA

KR

As current sensitivity increases by 50%. So, no. of turns increases by 50%. As no. of turn increases by 50%, so resistance also
increases by 50%. Therefore, V.S remains constant.
13.
(c) 3555.3 ohm
Explanation: Compensating external resistance
=G- = 3663 - 107.7 = 3555.3 Ω
SG

S+G

14.
IG 1
(d) I0
=
11

Explanation: We know that,

I
G S
=
I0 S+G

2.5
=
2.5+25

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 IG 2.5
∴ =
I0 27.5

25
=
275
1
=
11

nK(G+S)
15. (a) S

Explanation: By current division rule

G+S
Ig = I × G+S
S
I= S
Ig ...(i)
Ig
Now, figure of merit (k) =
θ

⇒ Ig = Kθ
as, n = actual number of deflection
So, I = kn, [∵ k represent current]
[(ii) corresponding to one scale division]
So, I = (G + S) [From (i) & (ii)]
Kn

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16.
(d) 100 Ω
Explanation: 100 Ω
17.
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(c) putting in parallel a resistance of 15Ω
Ig G 1×60
Explanation: S = I−Ig
=
5−1
= 15Ω , in parallel

18.
M

(b) 1 in parallel
Explanation: 1 in parallel
19.
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(d) 900 Ω
V 30
Explanation: R = Ig
− Rg =
−3
− 100
30×10
LA

= 1000 - 100 = 900 Ω

20.
(c) 12 Ω
Explanation: According to the question,
VE

60
n=
30

=2
G
S =
n−1
G
=
2−1

G
⇒ S =
1

∴ S=G
= 12 Ω
21. (a) Voltmeter of range 10 V
Explanation: Voltmeter of range 10 V is likely to have the largest resistance.
Voltmeters by definition measure potential difference so it must be connected in parallel to measure the voltage change across
something (a resistor).
Since voltmeters must be in parallel, as parallel branches have equal voltages, the connection of the voltmeter must not
interfere with the behavior of the circuit (for example, disrupting the current “allocated” to a resistor). Therefore, to prevent any
current from going into the branch with the voltmeter, its resistance is made extremely high, so that very little current goes

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 through the voltmeter branch.
(V = IR and Vvoltmeter ​= Vresistor​so when R is high for the voltmeter, I must be very small in value).

22.
(c) 9975 Ω
Explanation: A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter of given range by connecting a suitable resistance R in series
of a galvanometer, which is given by:
V 100
R= − G = − 25
Ig −3
10×10

= 10,000 - 25 = 9975 Ω
23.
(d) (I/I0) = (1/11)
G+S ig
Explanation: ig
i
= ⇒
i
= S
= 27.5
2.5
= 1

11
S G+S

24.

I
(c) +25%

DH
Explanation: Current sensitivity,
Is = and
N BA

IS
Voltage sensitivity Vs = N BA

CG
⇒ Vs = G
,
As G is constant,

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∴ Vs ∝ Is
∴ Percentage change in Vs is also 25%.

25.
(b) 111 ohm
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IR
Explanation: I
= S
or 1

34
= S

S+G S+G

∴ S = (G/33) = (3663/33) = 111Ω

26.
(d) 40 Ω
M

Explanation: 40 Ω
27.
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(c) Low resistance in parallel

Explanation: A galvanometer is a very sensitive instrument and only a very small amount of current is needed to cause full
scale deflection. So for current measurement purposes, it is desirable to pass the majority of the current through another path
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while allowing only a small fraction to flow through the galvanometer so that it is not damaged. This is achieved by connecting
a very low resistance in parallel with the galvanometer coil.

28. (a) 1.985 × 103 Ω

Explanation: Given: Current through the galvanometer,
VE

ig = 5 × 10-3 A
Galvanometer resistance, G = 15Ω
Let resistance R to be put in series with the galvanometer to convert it into a voltmeter.
V=ig (R + G)

10 = 5 × 10-3(R + 15)
∴ R = 2000 - 15 = 1985 = 1.985 × 103Ω
29.
(b) 2 Ω
Explanation: Let the shunt resistance be S.
Given: I = 750 A ;
Ig = 100A ,RG = 13Ω

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 From the figure,
Ig RG = (I − Ig ) S

or 100 × 13 = [750 − 100]S

or 1300 = 650.S
1300
S= = 2Ω
650

30.
(b) 0.2 ohm
Explanation:
Ammeter circuit is shown in the figure below,

I
DH
So, I g
G = (I − Ig ) S

Here, Ig = 0.002 A,
I = 0.5 A,

BO
G = 50Ω
So shunt resistance required is
Ig G
0.002×50
S= I−Ig
=
(0.5−0.002)
≈ 0.2Ω

31.
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(d) magnetic field will not be radial and strong
Explanation: magnetic field will not be radial and strong
32. (a) 10 V range and 200 kΩ resistance in series
Explanation: 10 V range and 200 kΩ resistance in series
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33.
2

(b) G
M

(S+G)

Explanation: The main current in the circuit will remain unchanged when
The resistance of shunted galvanometer + Series resistance = Original galvanometer resistance
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or GS

G+S
+ R= G

or GS + GR + SR = G2 + GS
2

or R = G

(S+G)

34.
VE

(d) 0.02 A
Explanation: Let R be the resistance of the ammeter and I be the maximum current passing through the ammeter.
In the first case, 0.03A is the main current, and in the second case, 0.06 A is the main current.
I =
0.03×4r
(for the first case)
(R+4r)

I =
0.06×r
(for the second case)
(R+r)

0.03×4r 0.06×r
=
(R+4r) (R+r)

R + 4r = 2R + 2r or R = 2r
The value of I = =
0.03×4r

2r+4r
0.03×4r

6r
= 0.02A

This is the maximum value of current in the ammeter.

35.
(c) 10 Ω
G
Explanation: Current will be i

ig
= 1 +
S

i.G G
= 1 +
Vg S

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 Putting values, 100 × 10-3 × 40

800
× 10-3 = 1 + 40

Now, shunt resistance S = 10 Ω

36.
(d) 0.75 T
Explanation: Here, A = 4 cm2 = 4 × 10-4 m2,
N = 20, final flux ϕ = 0 (when the coil is removed from the field).
f

q = 7.5 mC = 7.5 × 10-3C, R = 0.8 Ω

−N (dϕ/dt)
As I = e

R
=
R

I dt = − N

R
dϕ

Hence, charge
ϕf
q=∫ I dt = ∫
ϕi
−
N

R
dϕ

−N
= R
(ϕf − ϕi ) =
N

R
(ϕi − ϕf )

I
= N
ϕi (∵ ϕf = 0)

DH
R

Now, initial flux per turn when coil is normal to the field, ϕ = BA i

N BA
∴ q =
R

qR −3
7.5 × 10 × 0.8
or B = NA
=
−4
= 0.75 T
20 × 4 × 10

37.

BO
(c) 10%
Explanation: We have, S(i - ig) = igG
ig ig
⇒ (1 − ) = G
i i

G i
⇒ = − 1
S ig
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ig ig
i G 72 1
⇒ = + 1 = + 1 = 10 ⇒ = . So, % = 10%
ig S 8 i 10 i
M
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38.
(d) VA = VB = VC
Explanation: VA = I × R = IR
LA

VB = I1 × 1.5 R
VC = (I - I1) × 3R
Since, VB = VC
VE

1.5I1 R = (I - I1) 3R
or 1.5I1 = I
So, VA = 1.5I1R
and VC = (1.5I1 - I1) 3R
= 1.5I1R
Hence, VA = VB = VC

39.
(c) a moving coil galvanometer
Explanation: In moving coil galvanometer
I ∝ θ

So deflection increases with increasing current and vice versa.

40.
2
G
(c) (S+G)

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 Explanation:

Let resistance R is to be put in series with galvanometer G to keep the main current in the circuit unchanged.
GS
∴ + R= G
G+S
GS
R= G −
G+S
2
G +GS−GS
R=
G+S
2
G
R=
G+S

41.
(d) None is damaged
Explanation: None is damaged
42. (a) High resistance in series with galvanometer
Explanation: For converting galvanometer to voltmeter, a high resistance should be connected in series with galvanometer.

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43.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: In practice resistance of voltmeter is very large as compared to the value of resistance of galvanometer. The
voltmeter is connected in parallel to the conductor across which potential difference is to be measured. It is because, as the
voltmeter will not practically draw any current due to its high resistance, the current through conductor will not change.

BO
44. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The required value of shunt when galvanometer is converted into ammeter is given by
Ig ×G
S= I−Ig
.
For I < Ig, the above formula gives negative value for S, which is not possible. Therefore, current in shunt is always greater,
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than current in galvanometer for positive value of shunt resistance.
45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Due to the metallic frame, the deflection on a frame is only due to current on a coil and magnetic field, not due to
vibration in the string. If the string starts oscillating, due to the presence of a metallic frame in the field make these oscillations
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are damped.
M
LA
VE

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