CROP PRODUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT
CLASS-VIII SCIENCE(NCERT)
CROP
❖ When plants of same kind are grown and cultivated at
one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
TYPES OF CROPS
Kharif Crop:- The crops which are sown in rainy season are
kharif crops.
Examples: Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, cotton etc.
Rabi Crop:-The crops grown in the winter
season are called rabi crops.
Examples: Wheat, gram, pea, mustard, linseed etc.
BASIC PRACTICES OF CROP
PRODUCTION
Preparation of Soil
Sowing
Adding manure and fertilisers
Irrigation
Protecting from weeds
Harvesting
Storage
SOWI
*The process of scattering or putting seeds into the
NG
ground is called sowing.
*Before sowing good quality seeds are selected.
Good quality seeds are clean and healthy, free from
infection and diseases.
*There are two methods of sowing seeds-
SOWING BY HAND and SOWING WITH A SEED DRILL.
*Sowing with a seed drill is considered better than
sowing with hand because-
1. The seeds are in regular rows
2. it saves time and labour.
Manures- Fertilisers-
1.A manure is a natural substance 1. A fertiliser is a salt or an
obtained by the decomposition of organic compound.
animal wastes like cow dung,
human
2. Fertilisers are prepared in
waste and animal residue.
factories.
2. Manure can be prepared in the
fields. 3. A fertiliser does not
provide any humus to
❖ All the crop plants need water for their growth.
❖ It is, therefore, necessaryto supplywater to the
crop plants in the fields, periodically.
❖ The process of supplying water to crop plants in the fields
is called irrigation.
❖ Irrigation requirements of crops depends upon the nature
of the crop, nature of the soil and season.
❖ Sources of irrigation arerivers, canals, wells,
tube-wells, dams (reservoirs), ponds and lakes.
❖ Traditional methods of irrigation are:-
1. Moat (Pulley System) 3. Dhekli
2. Rahat (Lever System) 4. Chain Pump
❖ Modern methods of irrigation are:-
1. Sprinkler System 2. Drip System
❑ Theunwanted plants which grow alongwith a
cultivated crop are called weeds.
❑ The process of removing weeds from a crop field is called
weeding.
❑ Thebest time for the removal of weedsis before
they produce flowers and seeds.
❑ The various methods of weeding are:-
1. Removal of weeds by pulling them out with hand.
2. Removal of weeds by using a trowel.
3. Destroying the weeds by spraying special chemicals
called weedicides.
HARVESTING STORAGE OF
FOOD GRAINS
The cutting and gathering The practice or means
of the matured food crop of
keeping grain until it is sold
is called harvesting. It is or used is called storage.
done either by hand using The large scale storage of
a sickle or by a motorised food grains is done in gunny
machine called harvester. bags and in grain silos.
MADE
1.BY-
Gouri
Gusain(6)
2. Gracy
Kaur(7)
