Triangles

PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL n

Subject: Mathematics
Std.: X Practice Sheet

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

ft
Chapter 2: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Q1. Two figures having the same shape and not necessarily the same size are called
(a) congruent (b) equal figures (c) similar figures (d) symmetric
figures figures
Answer: option (c)
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a similarity criterion of triangles?
(a) AA (b) SAS (c) AAA (d) RHS
Answer: option (d)
Q3. If triangles ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠A = 45° and ∠E = 85°, then
∠C is equal to
(a) 50° (b) 60° (c) 70° (d) 80°
Answer: option (a)
Q4. If triangles ABC and RPQ are similar triangles such that AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm,
AC = 6 cm, RP = 6 cm and PQ = 10 cm , then the measure of QR is
(a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 6 cm
Answer: option (b)
Q5. In the figure given below, XY ∥ BC, then which of the following is true?
A
X Y

B C
AB AX AX AY AX AY AB AC
(a) = (b) = (c) = (d) =
AC AY XB AC YC XB YC XB
Answer: option (a)
Q6. In the given figure, DE ∥ BC, AE = a units, EC = b units, DE = x units and BC = y
units. Which of the following is true?
A

D E

B C
ab ax ay x a
(a) x  (b) y  (c) x  (d) 
y ab a b y b
Answer: option (c)

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Q7. In ∆ ABC, DE ∥ AB. If AB = a, DE = x, BE = b and EC = c. Then x expressed in terms
of a, b and c is:
A

B E C
ac ac ab ab
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b b+c c b+c
Answer: option (b)
AB BC CA
Q8. If in ∆ ABC and ∆ PQR, = = then:
QR PR PQ
(a) ∆ PQR~∆ CAB (b) ∆ PQR~∆ ABC (c) ∆ CBA~∆ PQR (d) ∆ BCA~∆ PQR
Answer: option (a)
AB BC
Q9. If in triangles ABC and DEF, = , then they will be similar, when
DE FD
(a) ∠B = ∠E (b) ∠A = ∠D (c) ∠B = ∠D (d) ∠A = ∠F
Answer: option (c)
Q10. In ∆ ABC, DE ∥ BC, AD = 2 cm and DB = 3 cm, then DE : BC is equal to
A
2 cm

3 cm D E

B C

(a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 5 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 5

Answer: option (b)
Q11. In the figure given below, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at the
point P such that PA = 6 cm, PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm,
∠APB = 50° and ∠CDP = 30°. Then ∠PBA is equal to:

(a) 50° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 100°

Answer: option (d)
Q12. ABCD is a trapezium with AD ∥ BC and AD = 4 cm. If the diagonals AC and BD
AO DO 1
intersect each other at O such that = = , then BC =
OC OB 2
(a) 6 cm (b) 7 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 9 cm
Answer: option (c)

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Q13. ∆ ABC is such that AB = 3 cm, BC = 2 cm, CA = 2.5 cm. If ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF and
EF = 4 cm, then perimeter of ∆ DEF is
(a) 7.5 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 22.5 cm (d) 30 cm
Answer: option (b)
Q14. ∆QABC ~ ∆ PQR. If AM and PN are altitudes of ∆ ABC and ∆ PQR respectively and
(AB)2 : (PQ)2 = 4 : 9, then AM:PN =
(a) 16:81 (b) 4:9 (c) 3:2 (d) 2:3
Answer: option (d)
Q15. AQ vertical stick 20 m long casts a shadow 10 m long on the ground. At the same time a
tower casts a shadow 50 m long. What is the height of the tower?
(a) 30 m (b) 50 m (c) 80 m (d) 100 m
Answer: option (d)
Direction for questions 16 & 17: In question numbers 16 and 17, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Q16. Assertion (A): If D is a point on side QR of ∆ PQR such that PD ⊥ QR, then
∆ PQD ~ ∆ RPD.

Reason (R): Two triangles are similar if their corresponding angles are equal, and their
corresponding sides are proportional.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Answer: option (d)
Q17. Assertion (A): In a ΔABC, D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively such
that BD=CE. If ∠B=∠C, then DE is parallel to BC.
Reason (R): If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line
must be parallel to the third side.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Answer: option (a)

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Section B: Short Answer Questions [Type I]
Q18. In the following figures. DE ∥ BC. Find the value of x.

Sol: 2 cm
Q19. In the adjoining figure, DE ∥ BC. If AD = x, DB = x − 2,
AE = x + 2 and EC = x − 1, then calculate the value of x.

Sol: x = 4
Q20. In the following figure check if XY ∥ QR.

Sol: No
PQ 7
Q21. In the figure given below, XY ∥ QR, = and PR = 6.3 cm. Find YR.
XQ 3
P

6.3 cm
X Y

Q R
Sol: YR = 2.7 cm
Q22. In the figure given below, if AD = 6cm, DB = 9cm, AE = 8cm and EC = 12cm and
∠ADE = 48˚. Find ∠ABC.

Sol: ∠ABC = 48°.

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AD AE
Q23. In figure given below, ∠D = ∠E and = , prove that ∆ ABC is an isosceles
DB EC
triangle.

Sol:
Q24. In the figure given below, AB ∥ DE and BD ∥ EF.
Prove that DC2 = CF × AC.

Sol:
Q25. A and B are respectively the points on the sides PQ and PR of a ∆ PQR such that
PQ = 12.5 cm, PA = 5 cm, BR= 6 cm and PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give reasons for
your answer.
Sol: Yes, by converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem.
Q26. In the figure given below, altitudes AD and CE of Δ ABC intersect each other at the
point P. Show that: (i) ΔABD ~ ΔCBE (ii) ΔPDC ~ ΔBEC

Sol:
AD AC
Q27. In the given figure below, = and ∠1 = ∠2. Show that ΔBAE ~ ΔCAD.
AE BD

Sol:

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Section C: Short Answer Questions [Type II]
Q28. In the figure given below, DE ∥ BC. Find x.
A
4x − 3 8x − 7
D E
3x − 1 5x − 3

B C
Sol: x = 1
Q29. In the adjoining figure, DB ⊥ BC, DE ⊥ AB and
BE AC
AC⊥BC. Prove that = .
DE BC

Sol:
Q30. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC and P and Q are points on AD and BC,
AP BQ
respectively such that PQ ∥ DC. Prove that = . If PD = 18 cm, BQ = 35 cm and
PD QC
QC = 15 cm, find AD.
A B
35 cm
P Q
O
18 cm 15 cm

D C
Sol: AD = 60 cm
Q31. P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively of Δ ABC. If AP = 3 cm,
PB = 6 cm, AQ = 5 cm and QC = 10 cm, show that BC = 3 PQ.
Sol:
Q32 In the figure given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. Point P divides AB in the ratio
2:3 and point Q divides DC in the ratio 4:1. Prove that OC is half of OA.
D Q C
O

A P B
Sol:

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 B
Q33 In the given figure, P is the mid-point of BC and Q is the
mid-point of AP. If BQ when produced meets AC at R,
1
prove that RA = CA.
3

Sol: Hint: construction: Draw PS || BR, meeting AC at S.

Q34 In figure, two triangles ABC and DBC lie on the same
side of base BC. P is a point on BC such that PQ ∥ BA
and PR ∥ BD. Prove that QR ∥ AD.

Sol: Hint: Prove using converse of Basic proportionality theorem.

Q35 A girl of height 100 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of
1.9 m/s. If the lamp is 5 m above the ground, find the length of the shadow
(shown by variable x) after 4 sec.
A
Lamp
Girl
5m E

100 cm
B m D x C
Sol: Shadow of the girl after 4 sec is 1.6 m long.

Q36 A 15 meters high tower casts a shadow 24 meters long at a certain time and at the same
time, a telephone pole casts a shadow 16m long. Find the height of the telephone pole.
Sol: The height of the telephone pole = 10 meters.

Q37. In the figure given below, ∠A = 90°, AD ⊥ BC. If BD = 2 cm and CD = 8 cm find AD.

Sol: AD = 4 cm

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Section D: Long Answer Questions
Q38. State and prove Basic Proportionality theorem.
AB AE
In the given figure ∠CEF = ∠CFE. F is the midpoint of DC. Prove that = .
BD FD
A

E
D C
F
B
Sol:
Q39. Legs (sides other than the hypotenuse) of a right triangle are of lengths 16cm and 8 cm.
Find the length of the side of the largest square that can be inscribed in the triangle.
16
Sol: Side of the largest square is of length cm.
3

Q40 In the figure given below, if PQRS is a parallelogram and AB ∥ PS, then prove that
OC ∥ SR.

Sol:

Section E: Case Study Based Questions

Case Study I
There is a triangular agricultural land shown by ∆ABC in figure given below. Adjacent
to it, there is one more triangular pond denoted by ∆EDC. AB || CD and DE || CA.
Triangles are said to be similar if they are of same shape. Also, the corresponding sides
of similar triangles are proportional.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions :

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Q1. Check if the two triangles ∆ABC and ∆EDC are similar. If yes, which similarity
criterion is used?
Sol: Yes, the given triangles are similar by AA criterion.
Q2. Find the value of x.
Sol: 16 m.
Q3. If perimeter of ∆ABC is 50 m, then find the length of CE.
Sol: 9.8 m.

Case Study II
A group of students is working on making a safety board for school. They prepared a
triangular shaped safety board with the title “School Ahead” and “Drive Slowly” in
two parts of the triangular board as shown in the diagram below. (Note that DE ∥ BC).
A

SCHOOL
AHEAD
D E

DRIVE SLOWLY

B C
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
Q1. If AD = 20 cm, BD = 50 cm, and AE = 30 cm, find EC.
Sol: EC = 45 cm
Q2. If ∠A = 60° and ∠ADE = 50°, then find the measure of ∠C.
Sol: ∠C = 70°
Q3. Check if ∆ADE and ∆ABC are similar.
Sol: Yes.

Case Study III

Shweta went to a beach with her uncle. From a point A where Shweta was standing, a
ship and a light house came in a straight line as shown in the figure below.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

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Q1. Which criteria of similarity can be seen in this case if the ship and a light house are
considered as straight lines?
Sol: AA
Q2. What is the ratio of the distance between Shweta and top of the ship to the distance
between the tops of ship and lighthouse?
Sol: 1:5
Q3. If the distance of Shweta from the lighthouse is twelve times the height of the ship,
then what is the ratio of the heights of the ship and the lighthouse?
Sol: 1:6

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