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Documents

My personal Documents

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NIKHIL BAWANE
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Introduction to Node.

js

1. Introduction to Node.js

What is Node.js?
- Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that
executes JavaScript code outside of a web browser.
- It's built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine, allowing JavaScript to be used for
server-side scripting.
- Key Features of Node.js:
- Asynchronous and Event-Driven: Non-blocking I/O operations, which makes it
efficient and scalable.
- Fast Execution: The V8 engine compiles JavaScript into native machine code,
which boosts performance.
- Single Programming Language: Developers can use JavaScript for both
frontend and backend, streamlining development.

Why Learn Node.js?


- Scalability: Ideal for building applications that need to handle many concurrent
connections, like chat apps or online games.
- Community and Ecosystem: Rich package ecosystem via npm, with thousands
of libraries available for various functionalities.
- Real-World Applications: Companies like Netflix, LinkedIn, Uber, and Walmart
use Node.js for its speed and scalability.

---

2. Environment Setup

Download and Install Node.js


- Visit the [Node.js official website](https://nodejs.org/).
- Two versions are available:
- LTS (Long Term Support): Recommended for most users due to stability.
- Current: For developers who need the latest features.
- Installation Process:
- Windows:
- Download the installer, run it, and follow the setup wizard.
- Select the default options unless you have specific needs.
- macOS:
- Download the `.pkg` file and run it.
- Alternatively, use a package manager like Homebrew: `brew install node`.
- Linux:
- Use the package manager for your distribution, e.g., `sudo apt-get install -y
nodejs` and `sudo apt-get install -y npm`.

Verify Installation
- Open the terminal (Command Prompt for Windows) and run the following
commands:
- `node -v` - Displays the Node.js version installed.
- `npm -v` - Displays the npm version installed.
- If both commands return version numbers, the installation was successful.

---

3. Understanding npm (Node Package Manager)

What is npm?
- npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for Node.js. It
allows developers to install, update, and manage third-party packages (modules).
- Role of npm:
- Manage project dependencies.
- Distribute and share reusable code.
- Streamline project setup and configuration.

Basic npm Commands


- Initializing a Node.js Project:
- `npm init`: Initializes a new Node.js project, creating a `package.json` file.
- `npm init -y`: Skips the prompts and creates a `package.json` with default
values.

- Installing Packages:
- `npm install <package-name>`: Installs a package locally in the project
directory.
- `npm install -g <package-name>`: Installs a package globally, making it
available across projects.

- Managing Packages:
- `npm uninstall <package-name>`: Uninstalls a package from your project.
- `npm update <package-name>`: Updates a package to its latest version.

Creating a `package.json` File


- Purpose: The `package.json` file stores metadata about the project and lists
dependencies.
- Key Fields:
- `name`: The name of the project.
- `version`: The project version.
- `description`: A brief description of the project.
- `main`: The entry point of the application (e.g., `app.js`).
- `scripts`: Scripts to automate tasks (e.g., `"start": "node app.js"`).
- `dependencies`: Lists packages required to run the project.
- `devDependencies`: Lists packages required only for development.

Installing Dependencies
- Example: Installing Express.js, a popular web framework:
- Run `npm install express`.
- This command installs Express and adds it to the `dependencies` section in
`package.json`.
- node_modules Folder: All installed packages are stored here.
- Reinstalling Dependencies:
- If you clone a project or share it, run `npm install` to install all listed
dependencies from `package.json`.

---

4. First Node.js Script

Creating a Simple Node.js Application


- Step 1: Create a new directory for your project and navigate into it:

mkdir my-first-node-app
cd my-first-node-app

- Step 2: Initialize the project:

npm init -y

- Step 3: Create a file named `app.js`:


javascript
// app.js
console.log("Hello, Node.js!");

- Step 4: Run the script using Node.js:

node app.js

- Output: You should see `Hello, Node.js!` printed in the terminal.

Understanding `require` and `module.exports`


- `require`: Used to include modules (both built-in and third-party) in your
application.
javascript
const fs = require('fs'); // Include the File System module

- `module.exports`: Allows you to export functions, objects, or values from a


module so they can be used in other files.
javascript
// math.js
function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}

module.exports = { add };

// app.js
const math = require('./math');
console.log(math.add(2, 3)); // Output: 5
Introduction to `console.log` for Output
- `console.log`: A simple way to output messages to the console.
- Encourage students to experiment with logging different data types: strings,
numbers, arrays, objects, etc.
- Example:
javascript
console.log("Hello, World!");
console.log(42);
console.log([1, 2, 3]);
console.log({ name: "Alice", age: 25 });

---

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