Open Hole Logging

Resistivity Log

By
Petroleum Engineer
Abbas Radhi Abbas
Iraq / Missan / 2022

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Resistivity Log

Resistivity Applications
 Determine whether hydrocarbons are present.
 Identify at what depths hydrocarbons are present.
 Determine the quantity of hydrocarbon material that exists (if
porosity is known) through Archie's equation.
 Determine mud resistivity to help define the invasion profile.

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History of Resistivity Log

History of
Resistivity
Log

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Resistivity conductive in salt water and oil

• Resistivity of the salt water is low (  Resistivity of the Oil is high

highly conductive )  ( Poor conductor )
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Resistivity conductive in dry zone

• Dry, nonmetallic minerals

(rock matrix) have a very
high resistivity
• Low conductivity

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Resistivity conductive in salt water and oil

• Resistivity of the salt water is  Resistivity of the Oil is high

low ( highly conductive )  ( Poor conductor )

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Resistivity conductive in dry zone

• Dry, nonmetallic minerals

(rock matrix) have a very
high resistivity
• Low conductivity

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Classification Of Resistivity Log
Electrical tool penetration and resistivity measurements
1.Old Resistivity Log

Old Resistivity Logs :

1. Normal device
2. Lateral device

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1.Old Resistivity Log

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1.Old Resistivity Log

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

1. The LL3 , LL7 , LL8 , tool

2. The Dual Laterolog ( LLD , LLS)
3. The Spherically Focussed Log ( SFL)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2-1.The LL3 , LL7 , LL8 , tool

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2-1. The LL3 , LL7 , LL8 , tool

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2-1.The LL3 , LL7 , LL8 , tool

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2.2.The Dual Laterolog ( LLD , LLS)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2.2The Dual Laterolog ( LLD , LLS)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2.2The Dual Laterolog ( LLD , LLS)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

2.2The Dual Laterolog ( LLD , LLS)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

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2.Modern Resistivity Logs (Latero-logs)

3.2 The Spherically Focussed Log ( SFL)

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3.Micro-Resistivity Logs

Micro-Resistivity Logs :
These are devices that often share the same sort of electrode
arrangements as their larger brothers, but have electrode spacings
of a few inches at most. Therefore, they penetrate the formation to a
very small degree and most often do not penetrate the mudcake.
They are all pad mounted devices that are pressed against the
borehole wall, and often have the electrodes arranged coaxially.
Combinations of these tools may be run together on the same
sonde.

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3.Micro-Resistivity Logs

3.1 The Microlog

The microlog (ML) is a rubber pad with
three button electrodes placed in a line
with a 1 inch spacing (Fig. 6). A known
current is emitted from electrode A, and
the potential differences between
electrodes M1 and M2 and between M2
and a surface electrode are measured.
The two resulting curves are called the 2”
normal curve (ML) and the 1½“ inverse
curve (MIV). The radius of investigation is
smaller for the second of these two
curves, and hence is more affected by
mudcake. The difference between the two
curves is an indicator of mudcake, and
hence bed boundaries. The ML tool is so
good at this that it is used in making sand
counts.
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Resistivity Log

3.1 The Microlog

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3.Micro-Resistivity Logs

3.2 The microlaterolog (MLL)

The microlaterolog (MLL) is the

micro-scale version of the
laterolog, and hence incorporates a
current focussing system. The tool
is pad mounted, and has a central
button electrode that emits a
known measurement current
surrounded coaxially by two ringshaped
monitoring electrodes, and
a ring-shaped guard electrode that
produces a bucking current as in
the DLL (Fig. 7). The spacing
between electrodes is about 1 inch.

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3.Micro-Resistivity Logs

3.3 The proximity log (PL) )

The proximity log (PL) was developed

from the MLL to overcome problems with
mudcakes over 3/8” thick, and is
used to measure RXO. The device is
similar, except that it is larger than the
MLL and the functions of the central
electrode and the first monitoring ring
electrode are combined into a central
button electrode. The device has
a coaxial oblong shape (Fig. 8). The tool
operates in a similar fashion to the LL3. It
has a depth of penetration of 1½ ft., and is
not affected by mudcake. It may, however,
be affected by Rt when the invasion depth
is small.

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3.Micro-Resistivity Logs

3.4 The micro spherically focussed log (MSFL)

The micro spherically focussed log (MSFL)

is commonly run with the DLL on one of its
stabilizing pads for the purpose of
measuring RXO. It is based on the premise
that the best resistivity data is
obtained when the current flow is spherical
around the current emitting electrode
(isotropic conditions). The tool consists of
coaxial oblong electrodes around a central
current emitting button electrode (Fig. 9)

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( MSFL & DLL)

MSFL
1. High resistivity mean: SFL

• Hydrocarbon
• Tight zone ( low porosity )

2. Low resistivity mean:

• Shale
• Water Formation Fluid
different from
• Wash out Drilling Fluid
• losses

3. Separation between resistivites mean

• Formation fluid is different from
drilling fluid . Formation Fluid
similar to
Drilling Fluid

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4-Induction Log

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4-Induction log

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4-Induction log-theory of measurement

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4-Preferred conditions for induction tools

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4-Historical Perspective of induction tool development

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Resistivity Log

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Resistivity Log

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Resistivity Log

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Resistivity Log

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Resistivity Log

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depth Of Resistivity Log investigation

Rm – resistivity of the drilling mud

Rmc – resistivity of the mud cake
Rmf – resistivity of mud filtrate
Rs – resistivity of shale
Rt – resistivity of uninvited zone(true resistivity)
Rw – resistivity of formation water
Rxo – resistivity of flushed zone

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depth Of Resistivity Log investigation

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Resistivity Log-Invasion Profiles

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Resistivity Log-Invasion Profiles

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Resistivity Log-Invasion Profiles

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Resistivity Log-Invasion Profiles

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Borehole conditions

Rm – resistivity of the drilling mud

Rmc – resistivity of the mud cake
Rmf – resistivity of mud filtrate
Rs – resistivity of shale
Rt – resistivity of uninvited zone(true resistivity)
Rw – resistivity of formation water
Rxo – resistivity of flushed zone

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Typical resistivity log responses.

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water saturation calculation

Archie Equation to calculate SW :

Water saturation (Sw) of a

reservoir's uninvaded zone is
calculated by the Archie
(1942) formula

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water saturation calculation

Archie Equation to calculate SW :

Water saturation (Sw) of a reservoir's uninvaded zone is calculated by the
Archie (1942) formula
a
m 1. Core analysis ( cut off value )
2. Pickett plot ( relation between resistivity and porosity )
n 3. Rw also can estimate from SP , or water lab test
Rw

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water saturation calculation

Calculated formation's flushed zone (Sxo)

Logheader
Log header

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water saturation calculation

Rw Determination

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Case 1 : Low resistivity because shale

High GR shale
Low resistivity

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Case 2 : Low resistivity because water zone

sand

Low GR

water
Low resistivity

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Case 3 : high resistivity because oil zone

good resistivity

limestone
Low GR

oil

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Case 4 : So high resistivity because tight zone

Low resistivity
So high resistivity

High GR
shale

Anhydrite

Low GR

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Reference
About Authorized

Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas

Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer

Nationality: Iraq- Missan

Date of Birth: 1978

Gender: Male

Education Background:

Period Education description

1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)

Certificates of Appreciation

15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )

Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)

Period Work description

(2004-2006) reservoir engineer

(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer

during (2011) drilling and workover engineer

(2011 to 2020 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department

Language:
Arabic
Mother language:
Second
language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.

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Thanks

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