Formulating Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluids

Steven Tang, Business Manager

Industrial Lubricants, Oil & Gas, CASE & Emulsion Polymerization

March 16, 2023

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 1

Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluids

• Contains base oil & water

Neat Oils • Dilute with water at use
Soluble Oils
MWF

• Formulated to be bio‐stable
Water-dilutable Semi-synthetic
• Combines both lubricity of soluble oil with
Synthetic
cleanliness of synthetics to form a unique
working fluid
• Applicable for all metalworking processes
• Light to Heavy Machining

Concentrate
• Standard waste treatment processes

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 2

Metalworking Fluid Additives
Additive Type Function Additive Chemistries
Boundary Lubricity Additives Lubricate the interface between workpieces and tools Fatty esters, Polymers, alkanolamides

Corrosion protection for workpieces and tools during and Triazoles, Amine carboxylates, amine borates,
Corrosion Inhibitors/Metal Deactivators after working process (ferrous and non-ferrous) Imidazolines, phosphate esters, pyridinium compounds
Wear protection under normal and extreme conditions (T Chlorinated paraffins; sulfurized oils, phosphate esters
Antiwear/Extreme Pressure Agents & P) (PEs)
Emulsify oil & water sodium petroleum sulfonates, salts of fatty acids,
Emulsifiers alkoxylates, alkanolamides, PEs; ether carboxylates
Disperse particulates & soaps Ether carboxylates, PIB-Based chemistry, etc.
Dispersants
Maintain the basicity (pH) of working fluids; built-in or Reserve Alkalinity Boosters
Reserve Alkalinity Boosters tankside
Whet surfaces Alkoxylates and derivatives, phosphate esters, etc.
Wetting agents
Stabilize concentrates to prevent phase separation and Glycols, glycol ethers
Coupling Agents facilitate emulsion formation.
Color the working fluids as markers (Manufacturer specific)
Colorants/Dyes
Prevent foam (Antifoamers, built-in) and decrease foam ( High molecular weight polymers; polyalkylsiloxanes
Antifoamers/Defoamers Defoamers; tankside)
Prevent oil oxidation in neat oils Aminics, phenolics, sulfurized oil, thiocarbamates; etc.
Antioxidants
Prevent mist formation (tankside addition) High molecular weight polymers; polyisobutylene
Antimist Agents (tankside addition) polymer
Prevent microbial growth triazine compounds, oxazolidine compounds
Antimicrobial Pesticides (biocides)
CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 3
Mask odors Pine Oil, Almond Extract etc.
Fragrances
Colonial’s Additive Portfolio for Metalworking Fluids

Corrosion Inhibitors
(Cola®Cor)
Metalworking Fluid Additives

Capable of extending performance coverages as

Boundary Lubricants
(Cola®Lube) ➢Wetting agents
➢Dispersants
EP Wear Additives
➢Coupling agents
(Cola®Lube & Cola®Fax)
➢Alkalinity Boosters

Emulsifiers
(Cola®Lube, Cola®Fax,
Cola®Zoline; Cola®Carb)

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 4

Design of the Semi-synthetic Fluid
• Oil Levels (0 – 50%) • Targeted Metalworking processes
- Low-Oil: ca. 20% - Cutting: grinding, Cutting, milling, drilling,
- High Oil: ca. 50% tapping, etc.

• Targeted dilution: 5% - Forming: stamping etc.

• Low-, medium-, and heavy-duty processes

• Suitable for multimetal working processes:

ferrous and aluminum

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 5

Selected Additives Additives in BOLD GREEN are from Colonial Chemical Inc.
Ingredient Chemistry & Performance Attributes
100 SUS naphthenic oil Base oils
ColaLube 3449 AMP Amides: emulsifier, boundary lubricants, biostability
High rosin tall oil fatty acids Tall oil fatty acids: emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor,
ColaLube 3440 Poly(ricinoleic acid): boundary lubricity additives, emulsion stabilizer, beneficial for Al
ColaLube 3430 Polymerized polyol esters: boundary lubricity additives, emulsion stabilizer
ColaDol 91-6 EO-Based Alkoxylates: emulsifier, coupling agent
Colonial A225 EO-PO based alkoxylates: emulsifier, coupling agent
ColaCarb OXC Ether carboxylates: emulsifier, lime-soap dispersing agent, hard-water tolerance improver
ColaCarb O5C Ether carboxylates: emulsifier, lime-soap dispersing agent, hard-water tolerance improver
Fungicide Microbial control (Fungicide)
Triethanolamine Alkanolamine: Alkalinity booster
ColaCor 300 Amine carboxylates: corrosion inhibitors for ferrous metal
ColaCor IT Acylamidocarboxylates: corrosion inhibitors for ferrous
ColaCor RP Amine Borates: non-foaming Corrosion inhibitor
ColaLube 3407 Long alkyl chain ethoxylate phosphate esters: EP wear, emulsifier, aluminum corrosion inhibitors
Corrguard EXT Specialty amine: alkalinity booster extending sump life
Deionized water DI Water: Fluid carrier
CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 6
Bactericide Bactericide: microbial control
High Oil, Semi-synthetic Fluids
Ingredient A B C
100 SUS naphthenic oil (Hygold 100)
ColaLube 3430
48.0
6.0
48.0 48.0
6.0
• Lubricity Additives
TMPTO 6.0 - ColaLube 3430 (A): polymerized polyol esters
ColaLube 3449
Alkoxylate Emulsifiers
6.5 6.5
6.5
- TMPTO (B): trimethylolpropane Trioleate
ColaLube 3440 5.0 5.0 5.0
High rosin tall oil fatty acids (Altapyne M28B) 3.0 3.0 3.0
• Emulsifiers
ColaCarb O5C 2.0 2.0 2.0
Colonial A225 4.0 4.0 4.0 - ColaLube 3449 (A): AMP amide
ColaCor IT 1.5 1.5 1.5 - Alkoxylates Emulsifier (C): long-chain
ColaLube 3407 2.5 2.5 2.5
Propylene Glycol 2.0 2.0 2.0
ethoxylates
ColaCor RP 6.5 6.5 6.5
Triethanolamine 99-LFG
JEFFADD MW-781
4.5
1.0
4.5
1.0
4.5
1.0
• Blend order: from top to bottom
Deionized water 6.45 6.45 6.45
Sodium tolytriazole 50% 0.6 0.6 0.6
Densil DG-45 0.35 0.35 0.35
Deformer 0.10 0.10 0.10

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 7

Total 100 100 100
Concentrate Stability @ 0 oC and 60 oC
24 hours at 0 oC Concentrate Stability

• At 0 oC for 24 hours
- ColaLube 3430 (A) offers better concentrate
stability than TMPTO (B)
- ColaLube 3449 (A) ≈ ethoxylates emulsifer
(C)

• At 60 oC
- All equivalent on concentrate stability

A B C

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 8

Emulsion Stability @ 5% in Tap Water (150 ppm)

• 5% dilution with tap water at ~ 150ppm.

• Milkiness as an indicator of emulsion stability

• ColaLube 3430 (A) performs better than

TMPTO (B) in stabilizing emulsions.

• ColaLube 3449 (A) arguably betters the

ethoxylate emulsifier (C) in emulsification.
A B C

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 9

Emulsion Stability: 1000 ppm Water Hardness @ Ambient Temperature

Day 0 Day 7

A B C A B C

• The oil/water split observed in the emulsion containing TMPTO.

• ColaLube 3430 (A) performs better than TMPTO (B) in stabilizing emulsions at high water
hardness.
- Likely attributed to the better/stronger emulsification capability.
CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 10
Foaming Tendency (w/o AF): 5% in 150 ppm Water Hardness
2 min after agitation
• No anti-foaming agents were added.

• Tested at 5% dilution with tap water at ~

150ppm.

• ColaLube 3430 (A) shows better foam

performance than TMPTO (B).

A B C • Unequivocally, as an emulsifier, ColaLube

3449 (A) delivers much better foam
Seconds (for foam to break) performance than ethoxylate.
A 50
B 120
C >300 CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 11
Cast Iron Chip Testing; 3% @ 150 ppm, 24 hours

• Tested under a modified ASTM D4627

protocol

• 3.0% in 150ppm water

• ColaLube 3449, present in both samples A

and B, enhances corrosion protection of the
A B C formulation.

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 12

 Aluminum Staining Tests: 5%, 150ppm Water Hardness, RT, 24 hours
319 356-T6 2024 6061-T6 7075
• Formula A containing ColaLube 3430 and
3449 shows satisfactory performance in stain
A prevention

• ColaLube 3430 ≥ TMPTO in preventing

B
staining.

• ColaLube 3449 > ethoxylates in stain

prevention.

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 13

Tapping Torque Test (TTT): A B C
Candidate Fluids A, B, &C vs. Industry Benchmark
Steel Aluminum
Max Mean STD Max Mean STD
Fluid Fluid
(Ncm) (Ncm) (Ncm) (Ncm) (Ncm) (Ncm)
A 180.00 143.96 13.83 A 150.00 129.03 6.06
B 190.00 147.25 15.28 B 143.00 125.75 5.47
C 188.00 145.62 16.93 C 146.00 130.21 5.86
Benchmark 188.00 147.55 17.93 Benchmark 125.00 112.19 5.34

• The benchmark is an industry reference for • The data on Al reverses the lubricity ranking
semi-synthetic MWF - TMPTO > ColaLube 3430
• Fluid A gives the best lubricity on steel - Ethoxylates > ColaLube 3449
• ColaLube 3430 > TMPTO on steel • Many factors contribute to the observations
• ColaLube 3449 > ethoxylates • Emulsion particle size casts a direct effect on
the lubricity profile on aluminum. CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 14
Summary
• Lubricity Additives: ColaLube 3430 vs. TMPTO
- ColaLube 3430 is better in
• Stabilizing concentrates and emulsions.
• Loaming profile.
- On steel, ColaLube 3430 delivers better lubricity than TMPTO
- ColaLube 3430 selected over TMPTO as lubricity additive for the guide formula

• Emulsifiers: ColaLube 3449 vs. Ethoxylate Emulsifier

- ColaLube 3449 delivers about the same emulsification power as ethoxylate
- ColaLube 3449 delivers
• Better ferrous corrosion protection
• Lower foaming tendency.
• Better in aluminum staining prevention.
- ColaLube 3449 delivers better lubricity
- ColaLube 3449 selected over ethoxylate as emulsifier for the guide formula. CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 15
Guide Formula: High Oil, Semi-synthetic Fluid
Ingredient
100 SUS naphthenic oil (Hygold 100)
Wt%
48.0
• Ingredients in BOLD GREEN are from Colonial
ColaLube 3449 6.5 • Blend from top to bottom
ColaLube 3430 6.0 • Suggested dilution: 5%
ColaLube 3440 5.0
High rosin tall oil fatty acids (Altapyne M28B) 3.0
- Milk-like
ColaCarb O5C 2.0 - ca. pH = 9 for the work fluid
Colonial A225 4.0
ColaCor IT 1.5
ColaLube 3407 2.5
• Suitable for
Propylene Glycol 2.0 - Medium- to heavy- duty machining processes
ColaCor RP 6.5
- Provides ferrous, aluminum, and yellow metal
Triethanolamine 99-LFG 4.5
JEFFADD MW-781 1.0
corrosion protection
Deionized water 6.45 - Cutting, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.
Sodium tolytriazole 50% 0.6
Densil DG-45 0.35
Deformer 0.10
• For enhanced aluminum and yellow metal protection
- Use ColaCor KAT or ColaCor 215
Total 100
CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 16
Guide Formula: Low Oil, Semi-synthetic Fluid
Ingredient Wt% • Ingredients in BOLD GREEN are from Colonial
100 SUS naphthenic oil (Hygold 100) 20.0
• Blend from top to bottom
ColaLube 3449 5.0
High rosin tall oil fatty acids (Altapyne M28B) 2.0
• Suggested dilution: 5%
ColaLube 3440 3.0 - Milk-like fluid
ColaLube 3430 4.0 - ca. pH = 9 for the work fluid
ColaDol 91-6 2.0 • Suitable for
ColaCarb OXC 2.0 - Low- to medium- duty machining processes
Fungicide (Polyphase FX-40) 1.0 - Ferrous machining process
Triethanolamine 99-LFG 3.5 - Applications in general milling & drilling processes
ColaCor 300 4.0
• Further Performance Enhancement
ColaCor IT 6.0
- ColaLube 3407 to enable the extreme pressure
ColaCor RP 5.0
Corrguard EXT 0.75
wear protection
Deionized water 39.75
- ColaCor KAT or ColaCor 215 for aluminum stain
Bactericide (Triazine) 2.0 prevention
CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 17
Guide Formula for Low- and High – Oil Semi-synthetic
Additive Low-oil Semi-synthetic High-Oil Semi-Synthetic Performance Attributes

100 SUS naphthenic oil (Hygold 100) 20.0 48.0 Base oils
ColaLube 3449 5.0 6.5 AMP Amides: emulsifier, boundary lubricants, biostability

High rosin tall oil fatty acids (Altapyne M28B) 2.0 3.0 Tall oil fatty acids: emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor
ColaLube 3440 3.0 5.0 Poly(ricinoleic acid): boundary lubricity additives, emulsion stabilizer, beneficial for Al
ColaLube 3430 4.0 6.0 Polymerized polyol esters: boundary lubricity additives, emulsion stabilizer
ColaDol 91-6 2.0 -- EO-Based Alkoxylates: emulsifier, coupling agent
Colonial A225 -- 4.0 EO-PO based alkoxylates: emulsifier, coupling agent
ColaCarb OXC 2.0 -- Ether carboxylates: emulsifier, lime-soap dispersing agent, hard-water tolerance improver
ColaCarb O5C -- 2.0 Ether carboxylates: emulsifier, lime-soap dispersing agent, hard-water tolerance improver
Fungicide (Polyphase FX-40) 1.0 -- Fungicide: microbial control

Triethanolamine 99-LFG 3.5 4.5 Alkalinity booster

JEFFADD MW-781 -- 1.0 Jeffamine: Alkalinity booster; coupling agent

ColaCor 300 4.0 -- Amine carboxylates: corrosion inhibitors for ferrous metal

ColaCor IT 6.0 1.5 Acylamidocarboxylates: corrosion inhibitors for ferrous

ColaCor RP 5.0 6.5 Amine Borates: non-foaming Corrosion inhibitor

Propylene Glycol -- 2.0 Coupling agent

ColaLube 3407 -- 2.5 Long alkyl chain ethoxylate phosphate esters: EP wear, emulsifier, aluminum corrosion inhibitors

Corrguard EXT 0.75 -- Specialty amine: alkalinity booster to extend sump life

Deionized water 39.75 6.45 DI water: fluid carrier

: Sodium Tolytriazole 50% -- 0.6 Yellow metal deactivator

Densil DG-45 -- 0.35 Fungicide for microbial control

Deformer (Foam Ban HP-940) -- 0.1 Anti-foaming agent

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 18
Bactericide (Triazine) 2.0 -- Bactericide: microbial control
Recommendations of Use
• To directly retrieve product info
• Blend the prototypes by following the blend
- ColaLube 3449
order in the guide formula from top to bottom
- ColaLube 3430
• Test per your designed performance criteria
- ColaLube 3440
starting with a 5% dilution
- ColaDol 91-6
• Customize the formula per actual performance
- Colonial A225
needs
- ColaCarb OXC
- Reducing or increasing the treat rates for
- ColaCarb O5C
additives
- ColaCor IT
- Introducing new additives to compensate or
- ColaCor 300
enhance certain performance attributes
- ColaCor RP
- Making coarser emulsions for better TTT
- ColaLube 3407
results on aluminum
- ColaCor KAT
• For enhanced aluminum and yellow metal
- ColaCor 215
protection, use ColaCor KAT or ColaCor 215 CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 19
Regulatory Status
• All Colonial Additives have confirmed global regulatory landscapes

• REACH Compliance
- ColaCarb O5C & OXC and ColaLube 3407 are REACH compliant

- ColaLube 3430: the REACH-registration of currently underway and approaching the completion
of the registration process.

- If warranted, other Colonial Additives can be brought to be REACH-compliant

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 20

 Thank You!
For further info on the involved products, please visit: https://colonialchem.com/products/

For direct technical support - Steven Tang: [email protected]

For direct customer service support

US - Tom Rogers: [email protected]
Rest of Americas – Christine Anderson: [email protected]
EU/UK – Paul Whitaker: [email protected]
Asia Pacific - Dr. Andy Sun: [email protected]
Colonial Sales region: https://colonialchem.com/sales-regions/

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 21