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Demand Side Management

Demand Management

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Emmanuel Nyantakyi
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18 views

Demand Side Management

Demand Management

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Nyantakyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

• WHAT IS DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT?

“Demand Side Management” is the modification of consumer’s demand of electricity through


various methods such as financial incentives and consumer education

Usually the goal of DSM is to encourage the consumers to use less energy during peak hours or
to move the time of energy use to the off-peak hours
• UNDERSTANDING DEMAND AND SUPPLY?
Q) Who Demands electricity?
A) The consumer

Q) Who will manage demand for electricity by the consumers?

A) The Service provider with equal participation from the Consumer.


• SMART GRID

.
• NEW TECHNOLOGIES

.
• NEED FOR DSM?

Increasing energy requirement

Increasing threat of climate change and other environmental considerations

Energy security

Lack of other supply options

.
.
• Observations
The peak demand is only 5-6 hours in the evening

The base demand is much less than the peak demand

To meet the extra demand utility has to arrange additional installed capacity or
purchase power at high rate

.
• DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT LOAD SHAPE CHANGE
OBJECTIVES

.
• DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT LOAD SHAPE CHANGE
OBJECTIVES

.
• DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT LOAD SHAPE CHANGE
OBJECTIVES

.
• TYPES OF DSM MEASURES AND PROGRAMS

Financial Incentive

Load Scheduling

Energy Conservation

.
• Energy Conservation
LIGHTING
 Street Lights
 Festive Seasons

AGRICULTURE & INDUSTRIAL SECTOR


 Agriculture & Industrial Sector
 Power factor correction
 Variable Speed Drives

.
• POLICY DRIVERS
Climate
Strong policy-drive gives many opportunities to find support for focused
programmes, especially when fossil fuel is targeted and renewables promoted
Trade and carbon taxes provide financial incentives

Energy Efficiency
Supply

High Density Low Density


(e.g. fossil, nuclear) (e.g. solar, wind, bio)
High Efficiency
. (Low Intensity)
End-Use of Energy

e.g. CFL and LED lighting; UNECONOMICAL SUSTAINABLE


Adjustable speed drives
Low Efficiency
(High Intensity)
e.g. Incandescent lamps, PRESENT SYSTEM HARDLY FEASIBLE
Direct electrical heating
• POLICY DRIVERS
Energy Security

Fuel and system diversification is increasingly important and is coupled to use of


distributed generation

Supplier market position and demand elasticity is an issue with policy


implications

.
.
• FORECASTING
• LOAD FORECASTING
Forecasting refers to the prediction of the load behavior for the future

Load Characteristics
• LOAD FORECASTING
Load Driving Parameters
• Time factors such as
– Hours of the day (day or night)
– Day of the week (week day or weekend)
– Time of the year (season)
• Weather conditions (temperature and humidity)
• Class of customers (residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, public, etc.)
• Special events (TV programmes, public holidays, etc.)
• Population
• Economic indicators (per capita income, Gross National Product (GNP), Gross
• Trends in using new technologies
• Electricity price
• LOAD FORECASTING
Load Driving Parameters
•Load forecasting techniques can be classified into

Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF): The STLF methods are used for hour-by-hour predictions. This can help
prevent can help to estimate load flows and to make decisions that can prevent overloading. Timely
implementations of such decisions lead to the improvement of network reliability and to the reduced occurrences
of equipment failures and blackouts.

Medium Term Load Forecasting (MTLF): The MTLF methods are used for daily predictions

Long Term Load Forecasting (LTLF) methods : LTLF may be used for the peak seasonal predictions

 In the deregulated economy, decisions on capital expenditures based on long-term forecasting are also more
important than in a non-deregulated economy
• LOAD FORECASTING
Load Driving Parameters
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•Time-Series Method (or Extrapolated Forecasting)

•Econometric Method (a type of Single-Equation Regression Modelling)

•End-Use Approach (a type of Multi-Equation Simulation Modelling)


• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods
•Time-Series Method (or Extrapolated Forecasting)
The time series load-forecasting model thus utilizes only the information contained in the
dynamic history of electricity consumption to predict future demand
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods
•Time-Series Method (or Extrapolated Forecasting)

Advantages

Expected increase in forecast accuracy, particularly in the short run


It makes full use of the information contained in the history of sales
It can readily produce month-by-month forecasts, including seasonal variations, which may
be useful in short-term planning
In general, for short-term forecasts, the time-series forecasting is the most reliable
method
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•Econometric Method (Regression Modelling)

The econometric forecast is a form of single-equation regression model, and constructs


models to identify the past relationship or suitable correlation between electricity
demand and various economic determinants such as

• Economic activity
• Gross national product (GNP)
• Rate of inflation
• Price of electricity
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•ECONOMETRIC METHOD (REGRESSION MODELLING)

A general econometric model for electricity demand is


• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•End-Use Analysis and Forecasting

End-use analysis starts at the level of the customers

Load is usually broken down by sector (residential, commercial and industrial sectors) and
further by end-use (lighting, cooling, motive power, etc.)

Analyzing the customer‘s load requires analyzing the customer‘s equipment and its
characteristics
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•End-Use Analysis and Forecasting

Advantages
•It affords a more detailed description of the various load components
•It allows a better understanding of the way that customers use electricity.
•It increases the accuracy of the forecast and thus the ability to make a much better forecast
•It can be used to support demand-side management (DSM) efforts
•The end-use approach quantifies the relative importance of the components of load (and by
implication, the relative importance of introducing measures to deal with specific load
contributors), and patterns of current and future use
• LOAD FORECASTING
Long Term Load Forecasting Methods

•End-Use Analysis and Forecasting

Disadvantages of end-use load forecasts

•It requires a very large amount of data and so many separate forecasts, since each end-use
must be forecast.
•It is very detailed and intensive, and involves high expenditures of time, not only in the
acquisition of data, but also computer time
•It is costly to produce end-use forecasts
•It requires skilled personnel, due to the complexity of the forecasting methodology.
THANKS

MAY GOD BE YOUR HELP DURING THIS CRITICAL PERIOD

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