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Unit 11 - Matrix Converters

Matrix converter

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13 views

Unit 11 - Matrix Converters

Matrix converter

Uploaded by

Sajid Akhter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Winter Semester 2020

ENGI 9863: Grid Integration of Energy Systems

Unit 11
Matrix Converters

Mohsin Jamil, PhD


Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5
[email protected]
Outline
➢Introduction
➢Fundamental Operation
➢Topology (Three Phase To Three Phase)
➢Operation System
➢Switching Pattern
➢Output Waveform For Higher Frequency Of Output
Voltage Waveforms
➢Operation Pattern For Low Frequency Of Output Voltage
And Current Waveforms
➢Practical Issue
➢Matrix Converters Versus Traditional Rectifier-inverter
Type Power Frequency Converters
Introduction
➢Matrix converter is a type of
direct ac-ac converter
➢Does not need any large energy
storage elements
➢Uses an array of bi-directional
fully controlled switches
➢Does not use dc-link circuit
Fundamental Of Matrix Converter
• Bidirectional Switch Topology
➢Capable of blocking voltage and conducting current
in both directions
➢Type of switches:-

Two anti-parallel
Diode bridge with Two anti-parallel
IGBT with series
a single diode NPN-IGBT’s with
diode
reverse blocking
capability
Fundamental Of Matrix Converter
• Matrix Converter Topology
➢ n*m bidirectional power switches;
➢ n-phase voltage source to m-phase load

- Type of configuration
(based on number of input and output phases) :-
➢ Single phase
➢ Three phase to single phase
➢ Three phase to three phase
Topology (Three Phase To Three Phase)
➢The matrix converter consists of 9 bi-directional switches
that allow any output phase to be connected to any input
phase
➢Regardless to the control method used, the choice of the
matrix converter switching states combinations (from now
on simply matrix converter configurations) to be used must
comply with two basic rules.
➢The input phases should never be short-circuited
➢The output currents should not be interrupted
➢The practical point of view for these rules imply that one
and only one bi-directional switch per output phase must be
switched on at any instant
3-phase To 3-phase Matrix
Converter

Input
terminals Inductive
filter
Capacitiv
e filter

9 bidirectional Output
switches terminals
Operation System
➢ Relationship between input and output voltages:-
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑇 ∗ 𝑉𝑖 ;where T = instantaneous transition matrix

𝑉𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑎𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑏𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑉𝑎 (𝑡)


𝑉𝐵 (𝑡) = 𝑆𝑎𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑏𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑉𝑏 (𝑡)
𝑉𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑎𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑏𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑉𝑐 (𝑡)

➢ Relationship between input and output current:-


𝐼𝑖 = 𝑇 𝑇 ∗ 𝐼𝑜 ;where 𝑇 𝑇 = Transpose matrix of T

𝐼𝑎 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑎𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑎𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑎𝐶 (𝑡) 𝐼𝐴 (𝑡)


𝐼𝑏 (𝑡) = 𝑆𝑏𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑏𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑏𝐶 (𝑡) 𝐼𝐵 (𝑡)
𝐼𝑐 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑆𝑐𝐶 (𝑡) 𝐼𝐶 (𝑡)
Operation System
➢ Defining the switching function of a single switch:-

1 ; switch closed
𝑆𝑖𝑗 =
0 ; switch opened

where i = (a, b, c) and j = (A, B, C)


➢ Then expressed as 𝑆𝑎𝑗 + 𝑆𝑏𝑗 + 𝑆𝑐𝑗 = 1 (avoid short-circuited)
Switching Pattern
➢ In order to derive the modulation rules, consider the switching
pattern.
➢ Note that the bidirectional switches work with high switching
frequency.
➢ Hence, low frequency output voltage can be produced by
modulated the cycle of the switch 𝑆𝑖𝑗 using respective switching
functions.

Switching Pattern Typical Form


Output Waveform For Higher
Frequency Outputs

Waveform of
output phase
voltage

Waveform of input
current
Operation Pattern For Low
Frequency Outputs
➢ Low frequency transfer matrix can be defined by;
𝑚𝑎𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑏𝐴 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑐𝐴 (𝑡)
M(t) = 𝑚𝑎𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑏𝐵 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑐𝐵 (𝑡)
𝑀𝑎𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑏𝐶 (𝑡) 𝑚𝑐𝐶 (𝑡)

➢ Low frequency component of output phase voltage;


𝑉 ′ 𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑀 𝑡 ∗ 𝑉𝑖 (𝑡)
➢ Low frequency component of input current;
𝐼′ 𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑀𝑇 𝑡 ∗ 𝐼𝑜 (𝑡)
Practical Issue
1. Input Filters
➢Filter Must be used at input to reduce
switching harmonics present in the input
current
➢Have Cutoff frequency lower than
switching frequency
➢To minimize its reactive power at the grid
frequency
➢To minimize the volume and weight for
capacitor and chokes
Practical Issue
2. Overvoltage Protection
➢Appear from input, originated by line
distresses.
➢Appear at output side, cause by
overcurrent fault.
➢When switch off, load current
interrupted, energy stored in motor
inductance has to discharged without
creating dangerous over voltages. 14
Matrix Converters Versus Traditional
Rectifier-inverter Type Power
Frequency Converters
• Advantages • Disadvantages
➢ It provides sinusoidal input and ➢ it has a maximum input output
output waveforms, with minimal voltage transfer ratio limited to ≅
higher order harmonics and no 87 % for sinusoidal input and
subharmonics output waveforms
➢ it has inherent bi-directional ➢ It requires more semiconductor
energy flow capability devices than a conventional AC-
AC indirect power frequency
➢ the input power factor can be fully converter
controlled
➢ it is particularly sensitive to the
➢ it has minimal energy storage disturbances of the input voltage
requirements, which allows to get system
rid of bulky and lifetime-limited
energy-storing capacitors
Questions??

Thanks!!!

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