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AWS B2.1-1-004:2002
An American National Standard

Standard Welding Procedure

Specification (SWPS) for

Gas Metal Arc Welding

(Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of
Carbon Steel (M-1,
Group 1), 18 through
10 Gauge, in the
As-Welded Condition,
with or without Backing

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Site License to Make Copies for Intra-Company Use

This License is issued by the American Welding Society (hereinafter referred to as “AWS”) to you
(hereinafter referred to as “Licensee”) based upon your application and conditions:
1. By becoming a Licensee, Licensee agrees to all the terms contained in this License.

2. Licensee is authorized to reproduce this AWS B2 Standard Welding Procedure for intra-
company use only. Copies may not be made available to any individual not employed by
Licensee or for any purpose unrelated to the business being conducted by Licensee.

3. Any reproduction must include the following copyright notice: “Copyright by the American
Welding Society. Reproduced with the express written permission of the American Welding
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4. Licensee may not enter into any sublicense agreement.

5. Reproduction of this Standard Welding Procedure signifies that you agree with the terms of the
License. If you do not agree with the terms of this License please return this document, and a
new document without the copyright notice will be issued.
6. The AWS B2 Standard Welding Procedures are not the subject of any warranty. AWS disclaims
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actual or consequential damages that may arise from the use of any Standard Welding
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9. The terms of this License are governed under the laws of the State of Florida, and both parties
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Key Words — Welding procedure specification, AWS B2.1-1-004:2002

WPS, standard welding procedure An American National Standard
specification, SWPS, base metal,
allowable joint designs, filler metal, Approved by
carbon steel, semiautomatic, gas
metal arc welding, short circuiting
American National Standards Institute
transfer mode June 10, 2002

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for

Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel, (M-1,
Group 1), 18 through 10 Gauge,
in the As-Welded Condition,
with or without Backing

Supersedes ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-004-90

Prepared by
AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification

Under the Direction of

AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by
AWS Board of Directors

Abstract
This standard contains the essential welding variables for welding carbon steel in the thickness range of 18 through 10
gauge, using semiautomatic gas metal arc welding (short circuiting transfer mode). It cites the base metals and operating
conditions necessary to make the weldment, the filler metal specifications, and the allowable joint designs for fillet
welds and groove welds.

--`,``,,``,`,``````,,,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

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Statement on Use of AWS American National Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the
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American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of,
documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies,
their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be
approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and
regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the
AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS
standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-676-3

American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

© 2002 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings
together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process
and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or
verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-
cial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this
standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.

In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on
behalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone
else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice
of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.

This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.

Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement
of any patent resulting from the use or reliance on this standard.

Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.

On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly (errata). Such errata, when discovered, are shown on the
American Welding Society web page (www.aws.org) under “Technical” in the Departments column.

Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in writing,
to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL
33126 (see Annex A). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards
may be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them.
These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or inter-
pretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification. It must be reviewed
every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,
or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to
AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualifi-
cation and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited
to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification to express their comments verbally. Proce-
dures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the
Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W.
LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

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Personnel
AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification

J. J. Sekely, Chair Eichleay Corporation

G. M. Wisbrock, 1st Vice Chair Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
J. J. Fluckiger, 2nd Vice Chair Bechtel Babcock & Wilcox Idaho
P. B. Dickerson, 3rd Vice Chair Consultant
L. P. Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
T. J. Anderson Consultant
*W. L. Ballis Consultant
*H. B. Cary Consultant
J. L. Cooley J. C. and Associates, Incorporated
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates
E. A. Gallagher Non Destructive Testing Group
E. H. Gray, P.E. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
M. Herrle ABS Group, Incorporated
*J. E. Hinkel The Lincoln Electric Company
*M. J. Houle Welding Engineering Services
R. W. Jackson Consultant
A. W. Johnson A. W. Johnson and Associates
*N. K. Kanaya BEAR Testing Laboratory
R. A. LaFave, P.E. Elliott Company
*B. B. MacDonald United Association
K. M. McTague Factory Mutual
A. S. Olivares Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company
*G. W. Oyler Retired
S. Panezic Canadian Welding Bureau
J. F. Pike NASA Langley Research Center
*B. J. Rampolla, P.E. J. J. McMullen and Associates
W. M. Ruof Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated
*J. B. Shore Brooks Automation
A. W. Sindel Sindel and Associates
C. E. Speader, Jr. Aristech Chemical Corporation
*W. J. Sperko, P.E. Sperko Engineering Services
*R. F. Waite, P.E. Consultant
R. K. Wiswesser Welder Training and Testing Institute

AWS B2D Subcommittee on Standard Welding Procedure Specifications

R. W. Jackson, Chair Consultant

L. P. Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates
*M. J. Houle Welding Engineering Services --`,``,,``,`,``````,,,`,

K. M. McTague Factory Mutual

B. J. Rampolla J. J. McMullen Associates
J. J. Sekely Eichleay Corporation
*Advisor

iii
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Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of AWS B2.1-1-004:2002, Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for
Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1, Group 1), 18 through 10 Gauge,
in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing, but is included for informational purposes only.)

The American Welding Society and the Welding Research Council have joined in a cooperative effort to generate
standard welding procedures for industry. The need for pretested welding procedures that are supported by adequate test
data and that satisfy the technical requirements for the commonly used construction codes and specifications has been
expressed by many individuals and organizations. The purpose of a welding procedure qualification is to provide test
data for assessing the properties of a weld joint.
This Standard Welding Procedure Specification is an outgrowth of the coordinated work of the Welding Procedures
Committee of WRC and the Committee on Welding Qualification of the AWS. The Welding Procedures Committee has
provided the test data documented on the Summary of Procedure Qualification Records, which are available from the
Welding Research Council.
The welding terms used in this specification shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in the latest
edition of AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. Welding symbols shall be those shown in the latest edition
of AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination.
The AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification was formed in 1979 to provide welding standards concerning the

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subject of qualification. The primary document developed by this committee is AWS B2.1, Standard for Welding Procedure
and Performance Qualification. This document established the foundation and framework for Standard Welding Procedure
Specifications.
The first two Standard Welding Procedure Specifications were published in 1990. Since then SWPSs are continuing
to be developed and published by the American Welding Society. This is the first revision of B2.1.004.
Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcomed. They should be sent to the Secretary,
AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

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iv
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AWS B2.1-1-004:2002
Page 1 of 12

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode)

of Carbon Steel (M-1, Group 1), 18 through 10 Gauge,
in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
1
Welding Research Council —Supporting PQR Numbers: 092A, 093A,
094A, 095A, 096B, 097A, 098A, 099A, 100A, 101A, 102B, and 103A

Requirements for contract requirements, or capability and judgment

on the part of the user. A SWPS is to be used only
Application of SWPSs as permitted by the applicable fabrication code,
Scope. The data to support this Standard Welding
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specification, or contract document.
Procedure Specification (SWPS) have been derived The ability to produce production welds having
from the above listed Procedure Qualification properties suitable for the application depends upon
Records (PQRs) which were reviewed and validated supplementing the SWPS with appropriate perfor-
under the auspices of the Welding Research Coun- mance qualification tests and sound engineering
cil. This SWPS is not valid using conditions and vari- judgment. The user is responsible for the quality and
ables outside the ranges listed. The American performance of the final product in accordance with
Welding Society considers that this SWPS presents the provisions of the fabrication document(s).

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information for producing an acceptable weld using
the conditions and variables listed. The user needs
Supplementary Instructions. To adapt this SWPS
a significant knowledge of welding and accepts full
to a specific application, a user may issue supple-
responsibility for the performance of the weld and for
mentary instructions. Such instructions may consist
providing the engineering capability, qualified per-
of tighter fit-up tolerances, higher minimum preheat
sonnel, and proper equipment to implement this
temperature or any other instructions necessary to
SWPS.
produce a weldment that meets the requirements of
the fabrication document(s). These instructions shall
Application. This SWPS is to be used only as per-
not be less restrictive than provided in the SWPS.
mitted by the applicable fabrication document(s)
[such as code, specification, or contract docu-
ment(s)]. The fabrication document(s) should spec- Safety. Safety precautions shall conform to the lat-
ify the engineering requirements such as design, est edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting,
need for heat treatment, fabricating tolerances, qual- and Allied Processes, published by the American
ity control, and examination and tests applicable to Welding Society.
the end product. This specification may involve hazardous mate-
rials, operations, and equipment. The specification
User’s Responsibility. A SWPS does not replace does not purport to address all of the safety prob-
or substitute for fabrication codes, specifications, lems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user to establish appropriate safety and health
1. Welding Research Council, Three Park Avenue, 27th
practices. The user should determine the applicabil-
Floor, New York, NY 10016-5902. ity of any regulatory limitations prior to use.

Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society
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AWS B2.1-1-004:2002
Page 2 of 12

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

LIMITATIONS

This procedure is not qualified for Notch Toughness or PWHT applications.

WELDING PROCESSES

Welding Process: GMAW-S (Gas Metal Arc Welding)

Method of Application: Semiautomatic
Mode of Metal Transfer: Short Circuiting Transfer Mode

BASE METALS

2
Base Metal: Carbon Steel, M-1, Group 1 to M-1, Group 1
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3
Thickness Range: Groove Weld: 18 ga. (0.0478 in.) through 10 ga (0.1345 in.)
Fillet Weld: 18 ga. (0.0478 in.) through 10 ga. (0.1345 in.)
Coating: Uncoated

FILLER METALS

2
Filler Metal Specification: AWS A5.18

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A-Number or Chemical Composition: A Number None, ER70S-6
F-Number: F Number 6
Classification: ER70S-6
Supplementary Filler Metal: Not permitted
Supplementary Powder: Not permitted
Deposit Thickness Range: Groove Weld: Sheet metal thickness plus reinforcement, maximum
Fillet Weld Leg: Sheet metal thickness, minimum
Maximum Bead Thickness: Sheet metal thickness plus reinforcement

JOINT DESIGNS

Joint Designs: See Figure 1

Backing: Optional
Backing Material: Carbon Steel, M-1. Nonmetallic or nonfusing metal retainers are not
permitted.

POSITIONS

Welding Positions: All

Vertical Progression: Uphill or Downhill

2. M numbers for base metal and F and A numbers for filler metal and weld metal, respectively, are as detailed in AWS B2.1.
3. See the applicable ASTM Specification for base metal thickness tolerances.

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AWS B2.1-1-004:2002
Page 3 of 12

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

GAS

Torch Shielding Gas: 75% Argon, 25% Carbon Dioxide or AWS A5.32, Class SG-AC-25
Flow Rate: 20 to 40 ft 3 /h
Gas Nozzle Size: 1/2 in. diameter minimum (I.D.)
Root Shielding Gas: None
Trailing Gas: None

PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE

Preheat Temperature: 50°F minimum, 120°F maximum

Interpass Temperature: No maximum
Preheat Maintenance: Continuous or special heating not required

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT

Postweld Heat-Treatment: None (not qualified for PWHT)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Filler Metal Amperes Voltage Current

Base

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Metal Classification Dia. (in.) Groove Fillet Volts Type/Polarity

18 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 60/85 70/90 15/17 DCEP (Reverse)

17 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 65/92 76/93 15/17 DCEP (Reverse)
16 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 70/99 81/96 15/17 DCEP (Reverse)
15 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 75/105 0 87/100 16/19 DCEP (Reverse)
14 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 80/112 0 92/105 16/19 DCEP (Reverse)
13 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 85/118 0 98/108 16/19 DCEP (Reverse)
12 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 90/127 103/112 18/20 DCEP (Reverse)
11 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 95/132 109/116 18/20 DCEP (Reverse)
10 ga. ER70S-6 0.035 100/140 115/120 18/20 DCEP (Reverse)

Pulsing Current: Not Permitted

Contact Tube to Work Distance: 1/2 inch nominal
Mode of Metal Transfer: Short Circuiting Transfer Mode

TECHNIQUE

Weave or Stringer Beads: Stringer or weave

Peening: No
Initial Cleaning: Mechanical or chemical, joint shall be dry prior to welding
Interpass Cleaning: Mechanical only
Single or Multiple Electrodes: Single
Single or Multiple Pass: Either
Backgouging: Not required, mechanical or thermal if used
Repair: Defects in welds shall be removed by mechanical or thermal
methods. The repair cavity may differ in contour and dimension --`,``,,``,`,``````,,,`

form a normal joint preparation and may present different restraint

conditions.

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AWS B2.1-1-004:2002
Page 4 of 12

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

COMPANY NAME _______________________________________________________________________

In the name of the Company stated above, I accept full responsibility for the application of this SWPS for use
with:

________________________________________________________________ Dated ________________

Fabrication Document(s): (Such as Code, Specification, or Contract Document)

Date ____________ Approved By ___________________________________ Title __________________

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Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society
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