Rochella Jane E.

Rondario
BSN 3-2

1. Male nurses’ experiences of providing intimate care for women clients

This paper reports a study of male nurses’ experiences of providing intimate care for women clients.
The number of men entering the nursing profession has increased worldwide. As a consequence of the move to a more gender-
balanced profession, debate has ensued over how intimate care should be performed when this requires male nurses to be physically
close to women clients. As there was little previous work on this topic, we wished to provide nurses, clients and other healthcare
professionals with a better understanding of male nurses’ experiences of working with women clients and within a healthcare system
where they often feel excluded.
Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with male nurses working in various clinical settings in Western Australia.
Latent content analysis was used to analyse the interviews, which were carried out between June and July 2004.
Three themes were identified: the definition of intimate care, the emotional experience associated with providing intimate care and
strategies used to assist in the delivery of intimate care for women clients. Providing intimate care for women clients was a challenging
experience for male nurses. Participants described how it required them to invade these clients’ personal space. Consequently, they
often experienced various negative feelings and used several strategies to assist them during care delivery.
Nurse educators should assist male nurses to be better prepared to interact with women clients in various settings. Furthermore,
workplace environments need to provide additional support and guidance for male nurses to enable them to develop effective coping
strategies to manage challenging situations.

Reference: Inoue, M., Chapman, R., & Wynaden, D. (2006). Male nurses’ experiences of providing intimate care for women
clients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(5), 559-567.

2. I prefer a male nurse to a female nurse”: patients’ preference for, and satisfaction with nursing care provided by male
nurses at the Komfo Anokye teaching hospital

Although most male nurses join the profession for self-actualisation, the cultural and societal stereotyping of male nurses as “He-
Man”, “gay” and “troublemakers”, and their marginalisation at the hospital during certain personal and intimate care procedures, tend to
deepen the existing gender discrimination prevalent within the nursing profession. This study therefore assessed patients’ preference
for, and satisfaction with nursing care provided by male nurses at the medical and surgical wards of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
[KATH].
An inferential cross-sectional study design, in which the prevalence of a condition among an identified population is determined,
was used. Using convenience sampling, 150 respondents who meet certain practical criteria and are available and willing to participate
were sampled. Data from a context-based research instrument on the opinion, preference and satisfaction of patients with male nursing
were analysed using χ2 test, Mann Whitney U test, ordinal logistic regression and logistic regression.
The study indicates that more females than males had ever been attended to by a male nurse for the period considered by the
study, and females described male nurses as polite and courteous and were comfortable with their treatment. Being single [OR =
0.111, 95% CI (0.013–0.928)] and professing Islamic faiths [OR = 36.533, 95% CI (2.116–630.597)] were functions of respondents’
preference for a male nurse. Significantly too, affiliating to a religious sect (OR = 2.347, 95% CI [0.076–1.630]) and being educated
(OR = 1.387, 95% CI [0.040–0.615]), were associated with higher odds of falling in one of the higher categories of satisfaction with
nursing care provided by male nurses as against the lower categories.
Although marital status, religious affiliation and educational level were the significant predictors of patients’ preference for, and
satisfaction with care provided by male nurses, the effect of the other variables should not be overlooked. The finding disproves
assertions on the negative effect of religion on male nurses. It is recommended that public awareness be created on the role of male
nurses in the healthcare delivery system to promote acceptance of gender diversity in the nursing profession.

Reference: Budu, H.I., Abalo, E.M., Bam, V.B. et al. “I prefer a male nurse to a female nurse”: patients’ preference for, and
satisfaction with nursing care provided by male nurses at the Komfo Anokye teaching hospital. BMC Nurs 18, 47 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0369-4

3. Experiences of and satisfaction with care provided by male nurses: A convergent mixed-method study of patients in
medical surgical units
To understand, comprehensively, patients’ experiences of and satisfaction with care provided by male nurses in medical surgical
units.
Patients’ positive experiences of and satisfaction with care are plausible indicators of nurses’ caring attitude. Female nurses are
considered more caring than male nurses and knowledge about patient experiences and satisfaction with care by male nurses is
minimal. A convergent mixed methods.
Patients (N = 262) completed an Urdu language-translated version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale and 15
participated in semi-structured interviews from August - December 2017. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative analysis and
thematic analysis for qualitative analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were merged and integrated for mixed-method analysis.
High experience and moderate satisfaction scores were reported. Six themes emerged from care experiences: providing support
and comfort, respecting privacy, providing information to patients and families, inability to manage workload and rushing too much,
responding late and disturbing sleep. Three themes from satisfaction with nursing care: spending time with
patients, capability of providing care and respecting autonomy. It was found that patients’ actual experiences and satisfaction
with the male nurses’ care were considerably better than culturally accepted beliefs and perceptions about the role of men and women

in the society.
 Male nurses were caring, but patients’ views of nurses’ caring attitude were influenced by socio-culture perceptions of the men.
Male nurses supported and comforted patients and respected their privacy but did not respond to them on time and were perceived to
be authoritarian.

Reference: Younas, A., & Sundus, A. (2018). Experiences of and satisfaction with care provided by male nurses: A convergent
mixed‐method study of patients in medical surgical units. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(11), 2640-2653.

4. I am called girl, but that doesn’t matter” -perspectives of male nurses regarding gender-related advantages and
disadvantages in professional development

Exploration of professional development experiences of male nurses can help develop evidence-based strategies to attract males
into nursing. The study aims to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of being a male in nursing profession that male nurses
and male nursing students experience in their professional development.
A descriptive qualitative research was designed. Purposive sampling was applied and 24 males (12 nursing students and 12
clinical nurses) participated. Semi-structured individual interviews were used in data collection. Thematic analysis was used in data
analysis.
Professional development of male nurses was related to three interplayed identities: a man, a nurse, and a minority. Three themes
emerged relating to the professional development of the males: “feeling role strains” “taking perceived advantage of masculine traits”
and “taking an egalitarian viewpoint”. There was no clear line between the gender-related advantages and disadvantages as factors
influencing professional development can be turned by the males from barriers to facilitators.
Male nurses perceive nursing as equally suitable for males and females and make use of masculine traits to thrive in their
professional development.

Reference: Mao, A., Cheong, P.L., Van, I.K. et al. “I am called girl, but that doesn’t matter” -perspectives of male nurses regarding
gender-related advantages and disadvantages in professional development. BMC Nurs 20, 24 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-
021-00539-w

5. Two male nurses’ experiences of caring for female patients after intimate partner violence: a South African
perspective

South Africa is perceived to be one of the countries with the worst reputation regarding the occurrence of intimate partner violence.
The women who suffer from serious physical injuries are admitted to emergency care units and their first contact with health care is
through the nurses in these units. Emergency care nurses become secondary victims of violence due to their exposure to the pain of
assaulted patients. Female nurses tend to identify with these patients as some nurses are in similar relationships. Not much research
has been done on the challenges that male nurses face when they are confronted with abuse of women inflicted by males.
In this case study with a phenomenological research methodology two African male emergency care nurses were interviewed.
The participants experienced a dichotomy of being-in-nursing and being-in-society and had been confronted with the conflicting
roles of being men (the same sex as the perpetrators) and being nurses (the carer of the victim). They tried to manage the situation by
using the ‘self’ to care for the patient and to be a problem solver for the patient and her partner or husband.
The authors conclude that society expects men not to be in a caring profession and nursing is still a female-dominated caring
profession that finds it difficult to move away from its engendered and caring image. The participants experienced role conflict when
they took care of female patients who have suffered intimate partner violence.

Reference: Ajayan Kamalasanan, Arun Vijay Subbarayalu, Athirarani MR, Harikrishna GL, Vinoth Raman, Ola Ibrahim Ramzi,
Manoj Kumar L & Eshtiaq Alfaraj. (2023) Nurses’ perception on the quality of healthcare services: A cross-sectional study..
International Journal of Healthcare Management 0:0, pages 1-10.

6. If they do call you a nurse, it is always a “male nurse”: Experiences of men in the nursing profession
Men are underrepresented in nursing, accounting for less than 6% of Canadian nurses. This research explores issues surrounding
recruitment, retention, and work life satisfaction for men who are nurses working in acute care settings
Purposive and snowball sampling was used in this descriptive, qualitative study. Sixteen men participated in four focus groups
conducted in three communities in southwestern Ontario. The participants revealed that work stress, lack of full-time opportunities, and
gender-based stereotypes contributed to job dissatisfaction. Providing care to patients and making a difference were personal rewards
that influenced their desire to stay in the profession. To promote nursing as a viable profession, unrestricted by gender, the participants
recommended that recruitment strategies begin at an earlier age. Findings are discussed in relation to recruitment and retention issues
with implications for education, practice, and management.

Reference: Rajacich, D., Kane, D., Williston, C., & Cameron, S. (2013, January). If they do call you a nurse, it is always a “male
nurse”: Experiences of men in the nursing profession. In Nursing forum (Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 71-80).

7. Male ICU nurses' experiences of taking care of dying patients and their families: a gender analysis
Male intensive care unit (ICU) nurses bring energy and expertise along with an array of beliefs and practices to their workplace.
This article investigates the experiences of male ICU nurses in the context of caring for dying patients and their families. Applying a
gender analysis, distilled are insights to how masculinities inform and influence the participants’ practices and coping strategies. The
findings reveal participants draw on masculine ideals of being a protector and rational in their decisive actions toward meeting the
comfort needs of dying patients and their families. Somewhat paradoxically, most participants also transgressed masculine norms by
outwardly expressing their feelings and talking about emotions related to these experiences. Participants also reported renewed
appreciation of
their life and their families and many men chronicled recreational activities and social connectedness as strategies for coping with
workplace induced stresses. The findings drawn from this study can guide both formal and informal support services for men who are
ICU nurses, which in turn might aid retention of this subgroup of workers.

Reference: Wu, T. W., Oliffe, J. L., Bungay, V., & Johnson, J. L. (2015). Male ICU nurses’ experiences of taking care of dying patients
and their families: a gender analysis. American journal of men's health, 9(1), 44-52.
 8. The challenges of male nurses in the care of female patients in Iran
Nurses professional duty mean that nurses must care for patients without gender discrimination. Meanwhile, the intrinsic
differences between men and women and the need for personal contact with the patients during care procedures can create
challenges for male nurses in the process of caring for a female patient.
The present study aims to understand the challenges of male nurses in the care of female patients in Iran. A descriptive qualitative
study was conducted with 20 male nurses selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-
structured interviews as well as observations and were analysed using conventional content analysis, based on the Graneheim and
Lundman model.
The findings revealed two main themes, including ‘religious-cultural restrictions’ and ‘inappropriate organizational context’.
Male nurses are faced with a combination of religious-cultural and organizational challenges in providing patient care without
discrimination in clinical settings. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of nursing care and satisfaction for female patients, these
problems also create a stressful work environment for male nurses.
These problems can be alleviated in clinical settings by trying to ensure same-gender nurses and patients, especially when
performing personal care. In addition to the efforts made by nurses to present a positive and real image of themselves in caring for
female patients, health policy-makers should also attempt to improve society’s attitude towards male nurses caring for female patients
through the media.

Reference: Vatandost, S., Oshvandi, K., Ahmadi, F., & Cheraghi, F. (2020). The challenges of male nurses in the care of female
patients in Iran. International nursing review, 67(2), 199-207.

9. Patients' experiences and satisfaction about care provided by male nurses in medical surgical units in Islamabad,
Pakistan: A pilot study

Nursing is predominantly a female profession and caring has been considered an attribute of female nurses, which could imply a
noncaring image of male nurses. To determine patients’ experiences and satisfaction from care provided by male nurses in a private
hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan.
This cross-sectional study included a purposive sample of 50 patients admitted to medical surgical units for at least 2 days and
who had at least three professional interactions with a male nurse. The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale was used for data
collection. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
The total score for experience and satisfaction was 81 and 51, respectively. A statistically significant difference existed between
experience and satisfaction scores of male and female participants, indicating that males were more pleased and satisfied with their
experience of receiving care from male nurses compared to the female participants.
The male nurses were concerned for their patients, they were knowledgeable about the patients’ condition and care, and provided
them with clear explanations of the medical and nursing procedures. However, they seem to lack interpersonal relationship with
patients and did not take initiative in understanding their patients.

Reference: Younas, A., & Sundus, A. (2018, January). Patients’ experiences and satisfaction about care provided by male nurses in
medical surgical units in Islamabad, Pakistan: A pilot study. In Nursing forum (Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 12-19).

10. Caring moments and their men: masculine emotion practice in nursing
Theory on men and masculinities has emphasized practice—situated action—as the key site to analyze masculinity. Individual and
organizational practices as well as cultural resources are sites to investigate gender dominance. Similarly, though more recently, theory
on emotion has called for a shift toward an emotion-as-practice approach in which emotion is seen as both an outcome and resource
situationally activated and embodied by constrained actors. Using empirical work on men in nursing, this article develops a synthesis of
masculine and emotion practice. Bourdieu’s [(1990). The logic of practice. (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press]
broader notion of social practice provides a link between the two fields. Reflections from men in nursing suggest a new masculine ideal
centered on the emotionally adept man. Rather than signal an alternative form of masculinity that challenges gender dominance, these
changes might signal a new hegemony—a reconfiguration of practices better suited to an era of post-industrialization. Economic shifts,
including an increase in both the number of middle-class women in the labor force and the number of emotionally demanding, service-
based jobs, may be the catalyst for a new ideal, particularly for white, middle-class men.

Reference: Cottingham, M. D. (2017). Caring moments and their men: Masculine emotion practice in nursing. NORMA, 12(3-4), 270-
285.