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Shantanu Yadav

Organisational behaviour

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11 views2 pages

Shantanu Yadav

Organisational behaviour

Uploaded by

insanerider888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shantanu yadav /MCA-A/49

Unit -1 Assignment

1. List out different UML modeling tools.


- *Visual Paradigm:* A comprehensive UML tool supporting various diagram types and
design tools.
- *Lucidchart:* An online diagram tool that supports UML diagrams.
- *StarUML:* An open-source UML tool for creating UML 2.x diagrams.
- *Enterprise Architect:* A modeling platform providing UML support and team-based design
capabilities.
- *ArgoUML:* An open-source UML modeling tool that supports standard UML 1.4 diagrams.

2. Describe various concepts used in object oriented programming.


- *Class and Object:* Classes are blueprints for objects. Objects are instances of classes.
- *Encapsulation:* Bundling data and methods operating on the data within one unit (class)
and restricting access to some components.
- *Inheritance:* Mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behaviors (methods)
from an existing class.
- Polymorphism: The ability to present the same interface for different underlying data types.
- *Abstraction:* Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary
features.

3. Explain about OO Analysis.


Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) is a method of analysis that examines the functional
requirements for a system. It identifies and describes objects or concepts in the problem
domain and their relationships. The primary goal of OOA is to create a conceptual model
that depicts the system’s functionalities using object-oriented techniques.

4. Comparison between Include and Extend use case relationships.


- *Include Relationship:* This relationship indicates that the behavior of the included use
case is inserted into the behavior of the including use case. It is used for reuse of common
behavior across multiple use cases.
- *Extend Relationship:* This relationship signifies that the behavior of the extending use
case may be inserted into the behavior of the extended use case. It represents optional or
conditional behavior.

5. What are the actors? Classify three kinds of actors in use case.
Actors are entities that interact with the system. They can be human users, external
systems, or hardware devices. Actors are classified into:
- Primary Actors: Initiate the interaction to achieve a goal (e.g., user logging into a system).
- *Secondary Actors:* Assist the primary actors in achieving their goals (e.g., authentication
service).
- *Tertiary Actors:* Have interest in the system’s outcome but do not interact directly (e.g.,
auditors).
6. Explain the following terms
- (i) OOA and OOD:
- Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) focuses on understanding and modeling the problem
domain with objects. Object-Oriented Design (OOD) involves transforming the conceptual
model from OOA into a detailed design model, which serves as a blueprint for implementing
the system.
- (ii) Reverse Engineering and Forward Engineering:
- Reverse Engineering is the process of analyzing a system to identify its components and
their relationships, typically to recreate or understand the system. Forward Engineering
involves creating a system from a high-level model or design, translating the conceptual
model into implementation.
- (iii) Interface notation in class diagram: Interface notation represents an interface in a UML
class diagram, typically depicted as a circle with the interface name or a class-like box with
the keyword <<interface>>.
- (iv) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of OOAD:
- *Advantages:*
- Promotes code reuse through inheritance and polymorphism.
- Improves system modularity and maintainability.
- Enhances collaboration and communication within development teams.
- *Disadvantages:*
- Can be complex and time-consuming to implement.
- May require more resources and skilled personnel.
- Initial stages can be slower due to the need for thorough analysis and desire

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