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CHAPTER 3 GIS DATABASE

3.1 Introduction

The project objective, concerning GIS as stated in the Inception and Interim Report, is the
development of GIS Database (GIS-DB) for storing all basic data and information needed
for the river basin management. The GIS database and the integrated basin analysis
model are effective tools for the development and update of the river basin management
plan.

The main purpose of GIS-DB for MoEW is to create an effective geo-spatial database,
using contemporary GIS principles and technologies, based on international and national
standards and legislation.

The GIS-DB is designed to provide MoEW and related organizations with accurate and
up-to-date geographic information, related to the river basin management.

The development of the GIS-DB is based on the existing technical infrastructure

(software, hardware) of MoEW and related institutions, but it introduce and implement
additional software products, technologies and procedures for use of geographical data.

The general functions for the use of the GIS-DB for MoEW are:

• Collection and integration of digital and non-digital data from variety of sources
and formats to a standardized and structured model;

• Storing of geographic information and other related non-spatial information on a

geodatabase level;

• Actualization of the geographic and other related non-spatial information;

• Performing of analysis and modeling of the geographic information;

• Facilitating the exchange of geographic information between the different

informational databases within MoEW system;

• Exchange of geographic information with external systems (other ministries,

governmental institutions, European commission).

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The organizational structure of the GIS-DB will be in MoEW (Water Directorate), ExEA
and four RBDs.

The informational scope of GIS-DB includes three main parts (see Figure 3.1.1):

• Core Portion of GIS-DB – basic data, including fundamental data common to

all basin directorates;

• WFD Portion of GIS-DB – specialized data, required by the Water Framework

Directive;

• Local Portion of GIS-DB – specialized data, used by River Basin Directorates

and MoEW, following the Water Act regulations.

This figure illustrates the main parts of the GIS Data Model.

The Core Portion includes all fundamental data, which covers the whole territory of
Bulgaria. It provides the “common picture” and up-to-date map of country, including
over 40 layers of information.

Local Portion of the Data Model provides information, which is generated and used by
the River Basin Directorates. The Local Portion of the Data Model is build and
maintained “on the top” of the Core Portion.

WFD portion of the Data Model provides information for the reporting requirements to
EU. This data is generated from Core Portion and Local Portion, following the WFD data
requirements.

All these three parts form an Integrated GIS Data Model for MoEW and RBDs.

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3.2 Main Principles and Stages of GIS Data Modeling and Development

3.2.1 Main Stages in GIS Data Model Development

All GIS systems are built using formal models that describe how things are located in
space. A geographic data model defines the vocabulary for describing and reasoning
about the things that are located on the earth.

Data modeling is simply building a structure for data, including tables, relationships,
specifications, metadata, identification, feature definition, topology rules, etc. The
essential tasks in these activities include:
• Gathering of information and requirements analysis for:
• Maps and visualization products required;
• Analysis and decision support products required.
• Design and development:
• Conceptual design: identify data, metadata, specifications, relationships,
etc;
• Physical data model: identify GDB feature datasets, classes, relationships,
domains, subtypes, geometric networks, linear referencing systems,
topology rules, etc.

Through the project the stage of assessment and requirements analysis included two main
tasks:
• Collection of spatial data from MoEW, RBDs, ExEA, NIMH, NSI, MAF and
many other governmental institutions;
• Collection data resources regarding WFD regulations, Water Act regulation and
other Bulgarian, European and International regulations and standard.

Based on the collected data and resources and after evaluation and validation of the data
we started the design and development of the GIS Data Model.

The design stage including conceptual modeling of the data often require document,
describing what will be in the data base, how data will be organized, etc. Developed
during the project are conceptual and detail technical documents for all three main parts
of the data model.

After the design of the conceptual data model we started the development of the physical
data model. An ongoing procedure of these activities was constant collection and
validation of spatial and non-spatial data to be loaded in the final GIS database.

The figure below gives an overview of the Data development activities and other
activities during the project.

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GIS-DB Development Activities in the study

The Design for Technology or Guideline for future Integrated Information System (IIS)
of MoEW and related institutions was produced in the form of Terms of Reference for
IIS.

The training was organized in training courses on the main parts of the data model.

3.2.2 Main Elements of the GeoDataBase

The ESRI GeoDataBase format that is used for the physical development and
implementation of the GIS Data Model. The geodatabase supports a variety of modeling,
management, and analysis functions. One of its key benefits is that its implementation of
tables, feature classes, feature dataset, and rules allows you model reality more closely
than was possible with other data models. The geodatabase data model can minimize the
differences between logical and physical models of reality by incorporating more
intuitive data objects. The GeoDataBase provides many advantages such as:
• Centralized spatial and attribute storage;
• Easy to use standard behavior rules including domains, subtypes, topology and
networks;
• Multiple customization options;
• Easy to import, export and share schema with or without data.
GeoDataBase contains various types of objects:
• Tables - store non-spatial objects like monitoring data for hydrometric stations;
• Feature classes are collections of lines, points or polygons. Specialized feature
classes are used to store annotation, dimension and route features;
• Feature datasets are container for feature classes that share a common spatial
reference. They are required for geometric networks and topologies;
• Relationship classes manage thematic relationships between tables, feature
classes, or a combination of the two. They enforce referential integrity between
the origin and destination classes;

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• Geometric networks are specialized topological relationships between line and

point feature classes that are used to perform analysis on directed flow network
systems;
• Raster datasets are gridded data derived from a variety of sources (IMG, PG, etc.);
• Raster catalogs are tables that reference a collection of raster image files;
• Survey datasets store survey information and can group survey data into Project’s,
for direct use or improvement of existing feature geometry;
• Toolboxes contain geoprocessing tools used in the geoprocessing framework;
• Behavior rules may be created to define legal attribute values, thematic
relationships between classes, topological relationships between features, and
connection between network features;
• Linear referencing system – one-dimensional linear system (rivers) for input and
recording of data.

All data types and the main advantages of the GeoDataBase provide state of the art
capabilities for MoEW GIS data model.

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3.3 Structure of GIS Data Model

As described in the introduction the GIS data model is compiled from three main parts:
Core Portion, WFD Portion and Local Portion.

All parts of the data model are in a common coordinate reference system - WGS 84, UTM
Zone 35N.

The Core Portion of the data model should be stored and maintained on a central level and
distributed to all users (RBD’s) on a regular basis.

The WFD Portion should be produced from the Core Portion on a regular basis as defined
in the WFD requirements.

The Local Portion should be developed and maintained on the top of the Core Portion of
the Data Model.

Figure 3.3.1 shows the general structure of the data model:

3.3.1 Detail Structure of Core Portion

The Core Portion of the Data Model is build following the main GIS principles for
completeness, consistency and accuracy. The Core Portion uses and steps on many
national and international standards and regulations in order to produce a standardized
data model for the countrywide use.

Main parts of the Core portion are organized on a thematic principle and are as follows:

(1) Thematic Group “Administrative”

This thematic group of data includes information on the administrative – territorial

division of the territory of Bulgaria. The data have been structured pursuant to the
Administrative – Territorial Structure of the Republic of Bulgaria Act. This Act arranges
the development of administrative – territorial and territorial units in the Republic of
Bulgaria and the conducting of administrative – territorial changes. Pursuant to the Act
administrative – territorial units are regions and municipalities, compound administrative
– territorial units in the municipalities are city/town halls and districts, аnd territorial units
are populated places and settlement formations. The populated places are towns and
villages.

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The basic layers relationships include:

"Sub-division of municipality (Zemlishte)" is the aggregate of land properties, belonging

to a certain populated place (settlement). The Zemlishtes’ borders shall be identified and
defined in an order, stated in an act.

The municipality territory includes the territory of populated places, included in it. The
boundary is formed by the zemlishtes’, belonging to the municipality.

Region borders’ amendments could be conducted only along the borders of existing
municipalities. The amendment shall be approved by a Decree of the President of the
Republic of Bulgaria on a proposal of the Council of Ministers.

Based on existing regulation and collected data we have identified the following
layers of information:
• A_BgBorder_Line - this layer represents information on the border of Republic of
Bulgaria, like linear feature class.
• A_BgBorder_Poly - this layer represents information on the border of Republic of
Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgRegion - this layer represents information on the Planning Regions in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgDistrict - This layer represents information on the Regions in the Republic
of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgMun - This layer represents information on the municipalities in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgZem - This layer represents information on the Sub-divisions of
municipalities in the Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgSettle_Poly - This layer represents information on the populated places in
the Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• A_BgPlace_Point - This layer represents information on the populated places in
the Republic of Bulgaria, like point feature class.
• Census_2001-2005 - These Attribute Tables represent information on the
population in the Republic of Bulgaria, like Attribute Tables.

(2) Thematic Group “Hydrography”

This thematic group includes information on the Basin Directorates’ borders, Water
Catchments, River Network, Channels, etc.

The basic layers relationships include:

The Layer with Basin Directorate borders’ has been developed, using the water
catchments’ borders on the grounds of Article 152 of the Water Act. The Basin
Directorates’ borders coincide with the state border of the Republic of Bulgaria.

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The Layer of River Basins includes the main rivers’ river basins. The river basins
coincide with the Basin Directorates’ borders and the state border, with the exception of
parts of the border between Danube Basin Directorate and Black Sea Basin Directorate.

The Layer with Water Catchments includes the water catchments of 550 rivers in
Bulgaria. The water catchments fall within the water catchment basins’ borders, the Basin
Directorates’ borders and the state border. The water catchments have been organized on
the basis of two rivers’ inflow or a river and a lake inflow, with the addition of “own”
water catchments of significant reservoirs, as defined in Annex 1 of the Water Act.

The Layer with Rivers includes all the rivers in Bulgaria in a scale 1:100 000. Rivers
have been structured from the inflow of two rivers or the inflow of a river and a lake (from
junction to junction). The rivers fall into the water catchments’ borders, the river basins’
borders, the Basin Directorates’ borders (with the exception of parts of the border
between Danube Basin Directorate and Black Sea Basin Directorate) and the state border.

The Layer with Lakes includes all the lakes in Bulgaria in a scale 1:100 000. The Layer
with Lakes falls within the water catchments’ borders, the river basins’ borders, the Basin
Directorates’ borders and the state border of the Republic of Bulgaria.

The Layer with Channels includes all the channels in Bulgaria in a scale 1:100 000. The
Layer with Channels falls within the state border of the Republic of Bulgaria.

The Layer with Linear Referencing System includes a linear system of all the main rivers.
The Layer with Linear Referencing System falls within the river basins’ limits, the Basin
Directorates’ limits and the state border of the Republic of Bulgaria.

The Layer with Danube River includes the Danube River delineation. The Republic of
Bulgaria state border passes along the river midstream and has been defined by the Chief
Directorate “Border Police”.

The Layer with Islands includes all islands, which fall into Danube River (Bulgarian and
Romanian). The Layer with Islands falls within the Danube River delineation.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• H_RBD: This layer represents information on the Basin Directorates’ borders in
the Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• H_RivBasin: This layer represents information on the river basins’ borders for the
I rank rivers in the Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• H_Catchment: This layer represents the Water catchments in the Republic of
Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• H_River: This layer represents information on rivers in the Republic of Bulgaria,
like linear feature class.
• H_Lake: This layer represents information on lakes and reservoirs in the Republic
of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• H_Channel: This layer represents information on the Channels in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like linear feature class.

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• H_River_LRS: This layer represents information on the Rivers in the Republic of

Bulgaria (first, second and third rank rivers), as well as linear referencing system.
• H_Danube: This layer represents information on the Danube River in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like Polygon Feature Class.
• H_Island: This layer represents information on the Danube River islands, like
Polygon Feature Class.

(3) Thematic Group “Transportation”

This thematic group of data consists of information on the road and railroad network at
the territory of Bulgaria.

The basic layers relationships include:

The Layer with Roads is linked to the point layer of settlements (the points of settlements
are “attached” to the road lines). The layer of road network is represented via a geometric
network, which allows navigation and optimal routes’ determination.

The Layer with Roads and the Layer with Rail Roads fall into the Republic of Bulgaria
state border.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• T_BgRoad: This layer represents information on the Road network in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like geometric network.
• T_BgRailRoad: This layer represents information on the Rail Road network in the
Republic of Bulgaria, like linear feature class.

(4) Thematic Group “Other Data-Reference”

This thematic Group of Data contains additional information on elevations, horizontals,

earth cover, soils, geology, etc. for the whole country territory.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• O_BgElevPoint: This layer represents information on elevation points in the
Republic of Bulgaria territory, like point feature class.
• O_BgContour: This layer represents information on horizontals in the Republic
of Bulgaria territory, like linear feature class.
• O_BgCorine: This layer represents information on land cover in the Republic of
Bulgaria territory, like polygon feature class.
• O_BgErosion: This layer represents information on accessibility of soils to
erosion at the territory of Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• O_BgSoil: This layer represents information on soils at the territory of Republic
of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• O_BgGeology: This layer represents information on the Geology at the territory
of Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
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• O_HydroGeology: This layer represents information on the hydroGeology at the

territory of Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class
• O_ProtectedArea: This layer represents information on the Protected Areas at the
territory of Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.
• O_Natura2000_pSCI: This layer represents information on the Special Areas of
Conservation borders, pursuant to the EC Habitats Directive, defined in
NATURA 2000 Project, like polygon feature class.
• O_Natura2000_SPA: This layer represents information on the Special Areas of
Conservation borders, pursuant to the EC Birds Directive, defined in NATURA
2000 Project, like polygon feature class.
• O_Mine: This layer represents information on Mineral Resources deposits at the
territory of Republic of Bulgaria, like polygon feature class.

(5) Thematic Group “Rasters and Image Base”

This Thematic gtroup of data contains information for Digital Elevation Model, satellite
images, scanned and georeferenced topographic maps for the territory of Republic of
Bulgaria.

This thematic group includes five raster catalogs:

• Raster catalog “Satellite”: In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on two
satelite images of the Republic of Bulgaria territory. The satellite images have
been represented as ortho rectification Landsat ETM (Enhanced Thematic
Mapper) in 34 and 35 zones.
• Raster catalog “Elevation”: In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on two
Raster Layers: Digital elevation model (DEM) and Hillshade. The DEM is with
pixel size 50x50 meters. Hillshade is obtained by DEM via a special algorithm for
Multi-Dimensional Oblique Weighting, and the result obtained is a more realistic
Hillshade.
• Raster catalog “HydroRasters”: In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on
two Raster Layers: Flow Direction and FlowAccumulation, for the Republic of
Bulgaria territory. These two layers’ destination is their use in generating of water
catchments for a random location of the terrain or for outlining the direction of
outflow of a random point at the terrain.
• Raster catalog “TopoMap_100000”: In this Raster Catalog information is
preserved on 67 raster images of scannered and georeferenced topographic maps
in a scale 1:100 000 for the Republic of Bulgaria territory.
• Raster catalog “TopoMap_25000”: In this Raster Catalog information shall be
preserved on raster images of scannered and georeferated topographic maps in a
scale 1:25 000 for the Republic of Bulgaria territory. As these maps are present at
the Basin Directorates, they could be added in addition to the Geo Data Base.

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(6) Thematic Group “Monitoring”

The Monitoring data is stored in the Time Series. The Time Series data model includes
data from National monitoring. The GIS information from the stations is connected to the
monitoring information from the time series for analysis purposes. Additionally an
automatic import procedure is developed in order to fill in all monitoring data from
different institutions, different formats and structures into a common database. The
import procedure comes with tutorial and step-by step wizard.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• Climatic_Stn: This layer represents information for the climatic stations from
NIMH for the territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• GW_Quality: This layer represents information for the GW Quality stations from
ExEA for the territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• GW_Springs: This layer represents information for springs from NIMH for the
territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• GW_Wells: This layer represents information for wells from NIMH for the
territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• Hydrometric_Stn: This layer represents information for hydrometric stations
from NIMH for the territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• Precipitation_Stn: This layer represents information for precipitation stations
from NIMH for the territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• SW_Quality: This layer represents information for SW Quality stations from
ExEA for the territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• Synoptic_Stn: This layer represents information for the synoptic stations for the
territory of Bulgaria, as point feature class.
• DHI_IDManager: This table contains information for the automatic DHI ID,
which is maintained by the Time Series database.
• DHI_Sensor: This table contains information for links between the GIS objects
(monitoring stations) and the table data (monitoring measurement values).
• DHI_TimeSeries: This table contains the information for the Time Series, for
each monitoring station.
• DHI_TSGroups: This table contains information for the Time Series groups of
monitoring data.
• DHI_TSValues: This table contains information for the Time Series Values and
stores the actual measurements.

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(7) Part “Analytical Layers”

This Thematic Group of Data contains additional information on Layers, which are used
for analysis and modelling in the study. This Group of data shall not be considered as
a part of the Core Portion of the data model. As data have been collected and
structured for the whole country, they were included as an information of reference in the
model supplied.

This thematic group includes three Raster Catalogs:

• Raster catalog “Precipitation”: In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on
the precipitation average monthly values in 12 raster layers (one layer for each
month) and an average annual value in 1 raster layer for a 50 years’ period
(1950-2000).
• Raster catalog “PET”: In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on the
average monthly values of the potential evapotranspiration in 12 raster layers (a
layer for each month) and an average annual value in 1 raster layer for a 50 years’
period (1950-2000).
• Raster catalog “Temperature”. In this Raster Catalog information is preserved on
the average monthly values of temperature in 12 raster layers (a layer for each
month) and an average annual value in 1 raster layer for a 50 years’ period
(1950-2000).

(8) Part “Supplementary Layers”

In the Core Portion of the data model there are also some “Supplementary” data, which
includes information from neighboring countries and data for Irrigation systems in
Bulgaria. This data is defined as “supplementary” because is collected from different
sources and although checked and verified cannot follow the same data quality standards
as Core Portion. For example the data for neighboring countries is collected in scale 1:1
000 000 from free sources and can be used for visualization purposes only; the data for
Irrigation is collected from different sources – topographic maps in 1:100 000, 1:25 000,
different sketches and drawings, site visits and local experts knowledge – although
up-to-date and correct this data cannot follow the standards used for other data in Core
Portion.

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(9) Thematic Group “Neighbour_Countries”

This Thematic group includes data for neighboring to Bulgaria countries. This data can be
use for map preparation and general overview of the region.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• N_EU_Borders: This layer represents information for the boundaries of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as polygon feature class.
• N_EU_Districts: This layer represents information for the districts of neighboring
to Bulgaria countries, as polygon feature class.
• N_EU_Settle_Points: This layer represents information for the settlements of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as point feature class.
• N_EU_Urban_Areas: This layer represents information for the urban areas of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as polygon feature class.
• N_EU_Catchments: This layer represents information for some catchments of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as polygon feature class.
• N_EU_WaterObjects: This layer represents information for the water objects of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as polygon feature class.
• N_EU_Road: This layer represents information for the roads of neighboring to
Bulgaria countries, as line feature class.
• N_EU_RailRoad: This layer represents information for the railroads of
neighboring to Bulgaria countries, as line feature class.

(10) Thematic Group “Irrigation Systems”

This thematic group of information includes data for Irrigation Systems. This data is
extracted from topographic maps from scale 1:25 000, sketches and drawings from
Irrigation Systems Company, etc. Additional validation is made based on rivers,
settlements and lakes from the Core Portion.

This thematic group includes the following layers:

• I_ChannelPipe: This layer represents information for the channels and pipes, used
for irrigation purposes, as linear feature class.
• I_CompensatingBasin: This layer represents information for the compensating
basins, as point feature class.
• I_Dam: This layer represents information for the Dam, used for irrigation
purposes, as polygon feature class.
• I_WaterIntake: This layer represents information for Water Intake, used for
irrigation purposes, as point feature class.
• I_PumpStation: This layer represents information for Pump Stations, used for
irrigation purposes, as point feature class.

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• I_IrrigationSystem: This layer represents information for the Irrigation fields and
Irrigations systems, as polygon feature class.
• I_Dikes: This layer represents information for Dikes, as line feature class.
3.3.2 Detail Structure of WFD Portion

This part of the Data Model includes information, necessary for reporting and using of the
Water Framework Directive. The information has been developed on the basis of
Guidebook No 9: “Implementing the Geographical Information System Elements (GIS)
of the Water Framework Directive”. The information in WFD is prepared to the extend of
currently available and defined digital data.

This part of the data model includes the following layers:

• Compauth: The Layer full name is Competent authority. This Layer represents
information on the competent authorities’ borders, like polygon feature class.
• Cwbody: The Layer full name is Coastal Waters. This Layer represents
information on Coastal Water Bodies, like polygon feature class.
• Ecoreg: The Layer full name is Eco region. This Layer represents information on
EcoRegions, like polygon feature class.
• Gwbody: The Layer full name is Ground Water Body. This Layer represents
information on Ground Water Bodies, like polygon feature class.
• GWStn: The Layer full name is Ground Water Monitoring Station. This Layer
represents information on Ground Water Monitoring Stations, like point feature
class.
• Lwseg: The Layer full name is Lake Water Segment. This Layer represents
information on the Lake Segments, like polygon feature class.
• Lwbody: The Layer full name is Lake Water Body. This Layer represents
information on Lake Water Bodies, like polygon feature class.
• Protarea: The Layer full name is Protected Areas. This information represents
information on Protected Areas, like polygon feature class.
• RBD: The Layer full name is River Basin District. This Layer represents
information on Basin Directorates’ borders, like polygon feature class.
• Rivbasin: The Layer full name is River Basin. This Layer represents information
on the River basins, like polygon feature class.
• RivSubBasin: The Layer full name is River Sub Basin. This Layer represents
information on the River Sub-basins, like polygon feature class.
• Rwseg: The Layer full name is River Water Segment. This Layer representes
information on River segments, like linear feature class.
• Rwbody: The Layer full name is River Water Body. Тhis Layer represents
information on River Water Bodies, like linear feature class.
• SWstn: The Layer full name is Surface Monitoring Station. This Layer represents
information on Surface Monitoring Stations, like point feature class.
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• Twbody: The Layer full name is Transitional Water Body. This Layer represents
information on „Transitional Water Bodies”, like polygon feature class.
• Fweccls: This Table describes the status of „Fresh” Waterbodies.
• GWStatus: This Table describes the Ground Waterbodies’ status.
• Pchemcls: This Attribute Table describes the Water bodies’ PhysicoChemical
Classification status.
• Saleccls: This Attribute Table describes the „Saline” Waterbodies’ status/ Saline
Ecological Classification.
• Swstatus: This Attribute Table describes the SurfaceWaterbodies’ status.
3.3.3 Detail Structure of Local Portion

Local portion of data model includes the following groups of information:

• “Cadastre” group of data;
• “Permissions” group of data;
• “Monitoring” group of data;
• “Other” data.
These groups are organized following the organizational structure of the River Basin
Directorates and includes to corresponding GIS information in each department.

(1) “Cadastre” Group of Data

This thematic group of data, including information on the Sanitary Protected Areas, as
defined in Regulation No 3 from 16.10.2000 of the Water Act.

The „Cadastre“ group of data is developed for the needs of „Water and Water Economy
Cadastre“ Department. The information within the Department is developed and used in a
Coordinate system 1970. The data in this group shall be structured in separate Groups of
data (Feature Datasets) by zones. The information from this department shall be recorded
in the Central Group of data in a coordinate system WGS84, UTM Projection Zone 35N
for use from other departments.

“Cadastre” group of data includes the following thematic layers with spatial information
and additional attribute tables.
• SPA (Sanitary Protected Areas): This Layer represents information on the
Sanitary Protected Areas, within the Basin Directorate territory, like polygon
feature class.
• PA_Bath: This Layer represents information on Protected Areas for Bathing,
within the Basin Directorate, like polygon feature class.
• PA_Fish: This Layer represents information on Protected Areas for Fish
breeding.
• MapSeries_25000: Map series of scanned and georeferenced topographic maps.
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(2) “Permissions” Group of Data

Main types of permission – water intake, water use and discharge, structure GIS data with
location of permissions – the basic types of Layers. Each type of permission has
corresponding purposes. For example gravel excavations or sand pits are located in layer
SW_Use, Permission purpose type: gravel excavations.

“Permissions” group of data includes the following thematic layers with spatial
information and additional attribute tables. A list of layers:
• SPA (Sanitary Protected Areas): This Layer represents information on the
Sanitary Protected Areas, within the Basin Directorate territory, like polygon
feature class.
• PA_Bath: This Layer represents information on Protected Areas for Bathing,
within the Basin Directorate, like polygon feature class.
• PA_Fish: This Layer represents information on Protected Areas for Fish
breeding.
• MapSeries_25000: Map series of scanned and georeferenced topographic maps.
(3) “Permissions” Group of Data

Main types of permission – water intake, water use and discharge, structure GIS data with
location of permissions – the basic types of Layers. Each type of permission has
corresponding purposes. For example gravel excavations or sand pits are located in layer
SW_Use, Permission purpose type: gravel excavations.

“Permissions” group of data includes the following thematic layers with spatial
information and additional attribute tables. A list of layers:
• P_SW_Intake: This Layer represents information on the location of water intake –
surface water, falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like point feature
class.
• P_GW_Intake: This Layer represents information on the location of water intake
– surface water, falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like point feature
class.
• P_MW_Intake: This Layer represents information on the location of mineral
water places, falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like a point feature
class.
• P_SW_Use: This Layer represents information on the location of places for water
use – surface water, falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like point
feature class.
• P_GW_Use: This Layer represents information on the location of places for
groundwater use, falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like a point feature
class.

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• P_Discharge: This Layer represents information on the location of places for

discharge (domestic and industrial water), falling within the Basin Directorate
territory, like point feature class.
• F_HydroFacility_Line: This Layer represents information on hydraulic facilities,
falling within the Basin Directorate territory, like a linear feature class. This
Layer shall be used for linking HPP and water intake for a HPP, as well as for
other objectives (WWTP - discharge of a WWTP).
• F_HydroFacility_Point: This Layer represents information on the location of
linear infrastructure systems and facilities, crossing water bodies – aqueducts,
bridges, portable networks and lines. This layer is represented as point feature
class.
• F_DischargeFacility_Point: This Layer represents information for the Discharge
Facility Point, as point feature class. This layer is to be connected to discharge
point thought F_HydroFacility_Line.
• F_HPS: This Layer represents information on the location of HPP, falling within
the Basin Directorate territory, like point feature class. HPP have been spatially
represented with the location of HPP site. Information on the water intake for a
HPP shall be available in Water intake Surface Water Layer, with an objective for
water use - HPP. The relation between the HPP site and the HPP water intake
shall be effected via a „straight” line from F_HydroFacility_Line Layer.
• F_WWTP: This Layer represents information on the location of the Waste Water
Treatment Plants, as point feature class.

(4) “Monitoring” Group of Data

The “Monitoring” group of data includes the following thematic layers with spatial
information and additional attribute tables. A list of layers:
• Data from permissions with location of structures by basic types of permissions;
• Own monitoring Tabular data.
In addition data are used from:
• Monitoring stations from “Core Portion” of data model;
• Tabular data in a time series’ format.
The monitoring data at Basin Directorates shall include two basic groups of information:
data from the National Network for Monitoring of Water and data from own and control
monitoring, related to the procedures of issuing of permissions.

The data from the National Network for Monitoring of Water is structured in the „Core
portion“ of the data model. The structure is in Time Series, allowing an analysis of
statistical rows. The monitoring data are still under processing and they shall be input into
the developed structure of data.

The own monitoring data, affected on the Basin Directorate territory, shall be attached to
the GIS objects form the „Permissions“ Group of data. The place of performing the own

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monitoring shall coincide with the location of the permission in GIS, and the relation
between the Protocols for measurements and the object in GIS shall be realized along
with the number of permission and the serial number of point (оbject) from the respective
permission.

(5) Group of Data “Other”

The thematic group of data „Other“ include other data, which shall be used at the Basin
Directorates, but which is not directly related to cadastre, monitoring and permissions.
Тhese data shall be obtained from sources outside the Basin Directorates or they shall be
developed according to the needs of certain departments/experts within the Basin
Directorates. Тhis group of data should be expanded and supplemented.

The group of data “Other” includes the following thematic layers with spatial information
and additional attribute tables. A list of layers:
• O_Waste_Landfills: This Layer represents information on waste landfills in the
Basin Directorate territory, as point feature class.
• О_Lagoon_Sites: This Layer represents information on earth lagoons in the Basin
Directorate territory.
• O_Uranium_Mines: This Layer represents information on Uranium extraction
mines in the Basin Directorate territory, as polygon feature class.
• O_Industry: This Layer represents information on industries (without
permissions) in the Basin Directorate territory, as point feature class.
• O_Tailing_Ponds: This Layer represents information on the tailing ponds in the
Basin Directorate territory, as polygon feature class.
• O_Pestiscide_Storages: This Layer represents information on the pesticides’
storages in the Basin Directorate territory, as point feature class.
• O_CrossSection: This Layer represents information on river cross-sections,
falling within the Basin Directorate borders, as point feature class.

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3.4 GIS Activities

Apart from the GIS Data Model development other main GIS activities during the project
were as follows:
• Establishment of GIS workgroup;
• Development of Terms of Reference for Integrated Information System for
MoEW and related institutions (supplied as separated Annex);
• Training of counterparts.
3.4.1 GIS Workgroup Activities

The GIS Workgroup was established with the main purpose for discussion, review and
acceptance of the common structure of the GIS Data Model, including all main parts.

There were five official meetings of the GIS workgroup and one additional interim
meeting.

The GIS Workgroup includes participants from MoEW, all River Basin Directorates,
ExEA and JICA Study Team members.

Main topics, which were discussed, were as follows:

• Review of the collected data from all RBDs: data condition and structure;
• Review and discussion on Core Portion of data model – review of documentation
and geodatabase;
• Review and discussion on WFD Portion of data model – review of documentation
and geodatabase structure;
• Review and discussion on Local Portion of data model – review.
Detail documentation for each main part of the data model was delivered to the
Workgroup participants. All participants provided feedback with comments and
recommendations for improvement of the data model. Based on the feedbacks the
structure of all part of the data model was modified and finalized.

Each meeting of the Workgroup and all activities and decisions were documented with
official meeting protocols signed by all participants.

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3.4.2 GIS Training

The GIS training includes trainings of all members of GIS Workgroup. For EABD and
WABD there was training on their premises, which included additional GIS personal
from different departments. Main topics of the trainings were:
• Introduction of main building blocks of GeoDataBase;
• Review and use of Core Portion of the Data Model;
• Review and use of the WFD Portion of the Data Model;
• Review and use of the Local Portion of the Data Model.
Each training was conducted based on a preliminary developed and approved program
and with list of participants.

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3.5 Conclusions, Recommendations and Results

In the first phase of the project was conducted extensive evaluation of the current status of
MoEW and RBD’s in regards to GIS.

The main conclusions of the analysis of GIS in MoEW system, as stated in the
Interim Report are as follows:
• A major problem specified explicitly by all four RBDs is the condition of GIS
data, especially for layers standardization, work methodology standardization,
boundary area issues and other. There is no consistent data format and data model
for four basin directorates and MoEW;
• There is a variety of different digital data, collected from different organizations,
in different time periods, different coordinate systems and scale. The data is
structured, maintained and use in different ways within the directorates and
MoEW. This cause significant problems inside the basin directorates departments,
between the basin directorates and between basin directorates and MoEW
(especially for reporting activities to EC);
• The condition of GIS data in all four RBDs includes (based on the collected and
verified data):
• Topological errors (by WFD topological rules and other standards);
• Referential errors (compared to 25 000, 100 000 topographic maps,
satellite images and additional map sources for reference – hydrological
maps and atlases of Bulgaria);
• File naming issues (layers, attributes) – use of different naming
conventions in different RBDs;
• Metadata issues – lack or no update and maintenance of metadata
information;
• Digital formats – use of different formats for data storage (GeoDatabase,
shape files, MS Excel, MapInfo Tab, MS Access, ZEM, text files).
• Lack of GIS working group or GIS coordination unit in MoEW, which should
produce main guidelines and coordinate activities between RBDs;
• A minimum GIS hardware and software is installed in the RBDs allowing initial
input of basic GIS data and fulfillment of most urgent GIS tasks;
• To the present day sector experts as additional tasks apart from their main
obligations undertook the GIS activities in the RBDs. Generally there is constant
lack of IT and GIS expert;
• In all RBDs the GIS experts feel the need for specialized GIS training;
• Lack of clear GIS DB specifications;
• Lack of clear metadata specifications.

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The priority matters identified in the Interim report for improving GIS status are:
• Increase the Number of GIS staff and additional training for existing staff;
• Establishment of GIS Database Specification and Explicit metadata;
• Developing of spatial data from accurate and reliable sources with will allow
correct modeling and analysis activities;
• GIS maintenance and guideline.
Through the second phase of the project, the GIS activities were concentrated on:
• Ongoing development of data for Core Portion, WFD Portion and Local Portion,
based on accurate and reliable sources;
• Ongoing development and support for the development of water quality and water
quantity models;
• Finalization of clear GIS Database specifications for Core Portion with complete
digital data;
• Finalization of clear GIS Database specifications for WFD Portion and input all
available and defined data in the project time frame;
• Finalization of clear GIS Database specification for Local Portion and input most
of the available data for WABD, EABD and pilot areas in BSBD and DBD;
• Development of extensive documentation for each part of the data model;
• Establishment and collaboration of GIS Workgroup for development of data
model and related GIS issues;
• GIS Training of counterparts.
The main results of the GIS activities from the study can be summarized as follows:
• Development of standardized data model for the needs of MoEW and RBDs,
which includes Core Data Model, WFD Data Model and Local Data Model;
• Technical GIS training of MoEW, ExEA and RBDs personal;
• Establishment and collaboration of activities of the GIS technical workgroup;
• Development of TOR for future information systems of MoEW and RBDs.
The main recommendations for future work activities in regards to GIS are as
follows:
• MoEW should continuously maintain and expand the Core Portion of the Data
Model. This could be achieved with the specialists of Water Directorate,
specialists of ExEA or to be outsourced to external company. Considering the
available resource may be most appropriate solution is to outsource the
maintenance of Core Portion to external organization, which will be responsible
to update on a regular basis;
• RBDs should continuously maintain and further develop and populate the Local
Portion of the Data Model;
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• RBDs should further populate the WFD portion of the data model based on the
WFD time frame requirements;
• MoEW should continue the meetings of the GIS workgroup on a regular basis in
order to discuss the data maintenance; further data model development and all
other GIS related issues (training, software, hardware, work procedures);
• MoEW should use and implement the proposed TOR for Integrated Information
System.

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CHAPTER 3

3.1

Main Report

Chapter 3

Figures

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Figure 3.1.1 General Structure of the Data Model

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3.2

3.3

Figure 3.3.1 General Structure of the GIS Data Model.

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CHAPTER 4 INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN ANALYSIS MODEL

4.1 Modeling Concept

4.1.1 General

Figure 4.1.1 shows the data treated in the study. There are several kinds of data to be
handled as follows.
• Level 1: Core Data
• Level 2: Waterbodies Data
• Level 3: Monitoring Data
• Level 4: Basic Analysis Data
• Level 5: Spatial Distribution Analysis Data
• Level 6: Water Management Plan Data

The model developed in the study will be mainly used to produce the Level 5 and Level 6
data using the other level data. In other words, the model can be utilized for the following
purposes.
• Assessment for existing condition
• Observed point data to spatially distributed presentation with some
assumptions
• Planning such as long term strategy for water management, program measures
• Checking effectiveness of some of program measures
• Reference for permission based on long term strategy for water
management

The model developed in the study is not suitable for the following purposes due to
insufficient data and information so far.
• Operational decision such as daily reservoir operation and flood warning
• It requires additional data, information and model development with
additional modules and so on (or different types of model might be
required).

There are general notes regarding a model as follows.

• Model is not perfect. It is simplified representation of actual world. However, it
can help thinking of what happens and what will happen.
• If a model is used for decision support, it is not necessary for the model to be
perfect. However, it should be transparent in its assumption and methodology.
Conesus on the model is important.

The present study proposes the model that will be directly handled by Basin Directorates
and will support their river basin management activity. Transparency of the model with
clear explanation on assumptions for the model will be important for this purpose.

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4.1.2 Two Different Types of Model

(1) Simple Model and MIKE11 Model

In the present study, two different types of model are proposed. One is “Simple Model”,
which is based on basically simple mass balance and can be working in general software
such as MS-Excel. Another one is “MIKE11 Model” which is well known but requires
specific software for implementing the simulation. Characteristics of the two models are
summarized as below (see also Figure 4.1.2).
• Simple Model
• No specific modeling software
• Spread sheet calculation only
• Point representation at key points for management
• Time scale: Monthly or Average in whole year and/or summer time
• Reference for permission
• Scenario setting for improvement plan
• MIKE11 Model
• Specific software (MIKE11& MIKE BASIN)
• Physical process-based model
• Spatio-temporal representation along river network
• Time scale: Daily
• Detailed simulation for confirming effects of improvement plan
As for MIKE11 model, the following modules are introduced in the present study.
• Rainfall-Runoff Module (MIKE11-RR)
• Conversion of Precipitation to Runoff in Catchment
• NAM model has been selected.
• Hydro Dynamic Module (MIKE11-HD)
• Conversion of Inflow (Runoff in Catchment) to Flow Condition along
River
• Water Quality Module (MIKE11-AD & Eco-Lab)
• Conversion of Flow Condition and pollution load in River to Water
Quality Condition along River

It is noted that MIKE11 can run the above components simultaneously.

MIKE11 model is selected because of its integrated treatment on water quantity and
quality. HEC model, which is public domain software and thus could be one of
alternatives, does not have water quality module in the current version. The Pollution
Load Calculator as a part of MIKE11 model in the present study, which is an extension of
ArcGIS, can be also integrated in order to prepare some of input files on pollution load for
MIKE11 model simulation in a transparent way on GIS platform. Furthermore, MIKE11
model was introduced in the previous JICA Study on the Maritsa River Basin. The
concept and parameter setting developed in the previous JICA Study will be referred in

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the present study so that the model in the present study will be efficiently developed in a
limited timeframe.

(2) Structure of Modeling Environment

Figure 4.1.3 shows the proposed structure of modelling environment. The GIS-DB is a
base of the modelling environment.

MIKE11 model development and simulation are implemented within MIKE ZERO
platform, which is provided by DHI as a native platform for MIKE11 model. For
development of a model, some layers in the GIS-DB such as river network and catchment
can be imported to MIKE ZERO platform.

MIKE11 model requires a lot of time series data for input, although format of input file is
special format for MIKE11 model. For smooth implementation of the simulation using
the GIS-DB, MIKE BASIN Temporal Analyst and Pollution Load Calculator, which are
extensions of ArcGIS, as well as Excel sheet, are utilized for preparing input files for
MIKE11 simulation. Conversion of .xls file, .txt file and/or Geodatabase (.mdb) to .dfs0
(MIKE11 time series format) will be easily implemented by using the Temporal Analyst.

MIKE View on MIKE ZERO platform can be used for visualization of the simulation
result of MIKE11 model. However, output files can also be imported to ArcGIS using
MIKE BASIN Temporal Analyst, and then result presentation and analysis would be
conducted in GIS environment. For example, linear reference system in ArcGIS may be
utilized for the analysis and presentation on the result of the simulation in GIS
environment.

As for Simple model, input data for the model are extracted from the GIS-DB. Some
model parameters such as runoff volume are set using the result of MIKE11 model.
Simple model is rather independent from GIS software so that user can use it without any
knowledge of specific GIS software.

4.1.3 Modeling Cycle

There are three stages for the modeling, which consists of modeling cycle, as follows.
• Model development stage
• Model usage stage
• Model revision and refinement stage
The present study covers model development stage and a part of model usage stage. It is
expected that Basin Directorate will continue model usage after the study. Model
revision and refinement is proposed to be conducted after sufficient data and information
will be accumulated in future. The best timing for model revision and refinement seems
to be just before the river basin management plan will be revised.

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Model Development
Coverage by the Study

Model Usage

Accumulated (Good) monitoring

data, permission data and so on

At least Every 6 years Model Revision & Refinement

(proposal) By conducting re-calibration

Modeling Cycle
The following table summarizes the activities which the present study has conducted in
the model development and usage stages and which the Study expects for RBDs to
conduct in model revision and refinement stage after the study.

Activities in Each Modeling Stage

Stage MIKE11 Model Simple Model

Model development -Calibration of parameters for -Preparation of Excel sheets

stage rainfall-runoff module for MIKE11 model (incl. Macros) as templates
(2001 – 2005: 5 years)
-Setting river-network for hydro dynamic
module for MIKE11 model
-Calibration of parameters for water
quality module for MIKE11 model (2004:
a representative year)

Model usage stage -To run the developed model by changing -Checking of water balance for
water use, pollution load based on different water use conditions
scenarios
-Examination on effect of
pollution load reduction on
water quality

Model revision and -Re-calibration of model parameters -Re-calibration of model

refinement stage using accumulated data and information. parameters using
accumulated data and
(After the study) information.

4.1.4 Target Users

Target users for Simple model and MIKE11 model are proposed as shown in the
following table. There will be two kinds of users. One is the user who will run the model
for different scenarios only. Another is the user who will maintain the model. Model run
for MIKE11 model and model maintenance for both models require detailed knowledge
on the model. It is thus recommended that Basin Directorate keep a few responsible
persons for model maintenance, who will conduct model maintenance and model run for
MIKE11 model, and model maintenance for Simple model.

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Target Users

User Simple Model MIKE 11 Model

Responsible person for model

maintenance in RBD
Planning & Monitoring &
Model Run with discussion among
Permission Dept.
Planning & Monitoring &
Permission Dept.

Responsible person for model Responsible person for model

maintenance in RBD maintenance in RBD
Model Maintenance with discussion among with discussion among
Planning & Monitoring & Planning & Monitoring &
Permission Dept. Permission Dept.

4.1.5 Modeling Layer

Modeling layer has been prepared as one of supporting layers beside core data model and
WFD layer discussed in GIS-DB as shown in the following figure and Table. The
modeling layer will be utilized for:
• Reference for preparing WFD layer, and
• Base for preparing basin management plan.
Each object in the modeling layer has its ID for modeling purpose. To avoid confusion
with WFD code for water bodies, it is totally different from the WFD code.

WFD Layer

Modeling Layer

Core Data Model

Modeling Layer

Prepared Modeling Layer

Layer Explanation
Base unit for modeling, same as Core data, but has unique ID for
Catchment
modeling
Base unit for Rainfall-Runoff modeling, which is prepared by
NAM Catchment
aggregation of Catchment
Selected river segment corresponding to Catchment
MainRiverSegment
One Catchment has one MainRiverSegment basically.
Selected reservoir and lake for modeling purpose
SignificantLake Significant reservoirs specified by Water Act and lakes whose surface
area is more than 5km2 are selected.

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4.2 Modeling Activities during the Study

Outline of modeling activities during the study is shown below.

Data Collection

Preliminary Analysis Model Development

for Water Quantity
Model Usage
Model Concept Model Development
for Water Quality

Technical
Seminar
Technical (Jun 2007)
Meeting Training for Water Training for Water
(Oct 2006) Quantity Modeling Quality Modeling
(Jun - Jul 2007) (Nov 2007)

Phase I Phase II

Inception Report Interim Report Draft Final Report

(June 2006) (Jan 2007) (Jan 2008)

In Phase I of the study, data collection and preliminary analysis on the data were done.
Based on the preliminary analysis, modeling concept was developed and presented at
technical meeting on October 2006.

After the seminar, selection of MIKE11 river network and setting of NAM catchment for
each river basin was conducted. Firstly, the Study Team proposed the initial idea. The
initial idea was modified by the discussion with C/P in EABD and WABD. Some rivers
are added and some are excluded. Finally, the draft version of MIKE11 river network and
NAM catchment was agreed between C/P in EABD, WABD and the Study Team.

In Phase II of the Study, data collection was continued because of delay of data collection
in Phase I. Actual model development was also conducted. The developed model was
used for scenario simulations for formulation of river basin management plan (draft).

Technical seminar was held on June 2007 to present progress of model development.
Consequently, training for water quantity model, which is total 6 days with once a week,
was conducted in June to July 2007. Training for water quality model, which is total 3
days with once a week, was also conducted in November 2007. There were totally about
10 participants from EABD and WABD but also MoEW, ExEA, DRBD and BSBD for
trainings for both water quantity and quality modeling.

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4.3 MIKE11 Model for Water Quantity

4.3.1 Outline of Model

MIKE11 model for water quantity consists of MIKE11-RR (Rainfall-Runoff module)

and MIKE11-HD (Hydrodynamic module).

Several different rainfall-runoff models are prepared for MIKE11-RR. Among those,
NAM model is selected in the present study. In the present study, snow routine for
MIKE11-RR is considered, because snow-melting process in mountain region is one of
key hydrological processes.

MIKE11-HD module is to simulate river flow process. One-dimensional version of

governing equations for momentum transfer and continuity of fluid flow is basic
equations for MIKE11-HD. In the present study, dynamic wave model is selected for
solver option.

The outline of the model set-up is shown in the following table. Figures 4.3.1 – 4.3.5
show MIKE11 river network and rainfall-runoff (NAM) catchment for each river basin.
Outline of MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment
Total Modeling Number of Total Length of
Number of
River Basin Catchment Area Rainfall-Runoff Modeling River
Branch
(km2) (NAM) Catchment Network (km)
Struma 8667.18 25 343.14 6
Mesta & 3397.71 14 141.80 3
Dospat
Arda & Biala 5811.84 12 332.10 5
Tundzha 7890.93 20 409.46 5
Maritsa 21272.27 34 954.98 20

4.3.2 Input Data for Water Quantity Model

The following data were collected for modeling in the present study.
• Meteo-Hydrological Data
• Precipitation
• Potential evapo-transpiration (PET)
• Air Temperature
• Water quantity at key HMSs
• Water Transfer, Abstraction, Discharge Data
• Reservoir operation (for significant reservoir)
• Water abstraction
• Irrigation water use
• Domestic & Industrial water use
• Water discharge (waste water)
• River Condition Data
• Cross-section data
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4.3.3 Calibration

The rainfall-runoff (NAM) model has many model parameters to be calibrated. In the
present study, the model parameters were calibrated using the water quantity during
2001-2005. During this period, there were both extremely dry and wet years. The
calibration was conducted to reproduce reasonable hydrograph with such wide range of
precipitation conditions. Therefore, it is expected that the calibrated model parameters
can be valid against relatively wide range of precipitation condition.

When the calibration was conducted, it was set for duration of simulation to be from the
beginning of August 2000 to the end of 2005 so as to avoid including significant
influence of initial condition for the model parameters on the simulated results. Duration
from the beginning of August 2000 to the end of 2000 was regarded as initial running
period, which should not be used for further analysis.

The model parameters were basically calibrated against estimated quasi-natural runoff
from the watershed that was determined by calibrated points and/or rainfall-runoff
catchment. The quasi-natural runoff was estimated by using observed flow and estimated
transferred water, abstracted water and discharged water within the watershed.

It should be noted that the effect of regime change by local reservoirs was not taken into
account for estimating quasi-natural runoff in the present study, because of lack of the
information.

The data used for the estimation of quasi-natural flow were sometimes monthly data. The
monthly data were converted to daily data, assuming same fluctuation pattern as the
reference daily data with keeping mass balance for monthly basis. The reference daily
data were selected from the observed data, which were recorded at the HMS nearby same
river.

During the calibration, the following priority was considered.

• 1st Priority: Total mass balance during 2001-2005
• 2nd Priority: Overall fitness during 2001- 2005
• 3rd Priority: Low flow condition
Water balance for quasi-natural condition by calibrated NAM model is shown in Table
4.3.1. It can be seen that runoff rate (RO/P) ranges 20 to 45%. The storage shown in the
table is mainly because of large time scale of retention in lower ground water storage.

Hydrodynamic simulation, in which water transfer, abstraction and discharge are taken
into account, was tested using the calibrated parameters for Rainfall-runoff (NAM)
model. Figures 4.3.6 – 4.3.10 show comparison between observed (disturbed flow) and
simulated hydrograph at a representative HMS for each river basin. It can be seen that the
simulated results agree fairly with the observed ones.

4.3.4 Presentation and Analysis of Simulated Results

As an output of the study, an environment that users in river basin directorates can easily
see and analyze the results of MIKE11 have been prepared. Simulated results by
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MIKE11 water quantity model have been linked to ArcGIS platform using Temporal
Analyst for ArcGIS. Figure 4.3.11 shows an example of presentation of results of
MIKE11 model using Temporal Analyst. Many kinds of statistical analysis such as
calculation of average, maximum and minimum value for the output of MIKE11 can be
conducted and those results can be presented in ArcGIS platform.

The simulated results by MIKE11 water quantity model are utilized further for MIKE11
water quality analysis directly. Furthermore, the outputs of Rainfall-runoff model are
utilized for Simple Model for water quantity.

4.4 MIKE11 Model for Water Quality

4.4.1 Introduction

A MIKE 11 Water Quality Model (MIKE 11 EcoLab) is set up for all the water bodies
described by the MIKE 11HD Hydraulic Model for water quantity. The selected water
quality module focuses on degradation of organic matter, transformation of
N-components and the consequences for the oxygen concentrations. The selected model
includes in addition phosphorus compounds.

The BOD, oxygen and N-transformation processes are outlined in Figure 4.4.1. The
model includes both the transformation processes for the substances flowing in to the
rivers as well as processes as photosynthesis and respiration of plants animals and
sediment.

The Phosphorus Model used describes absorption-desorption sorption processes

expanded with relevant processes related to plant, animal and sediment.

The WQ-module describes the following concentration (State Variables):

• BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
• Diluted Oxygen (DO)
• Total Ammonium (NH4-N)
• Nitrate (NO3-N)
• Phosphate (PO4-P)
• Phosphor bound to particulate material (Particulate –P)
• Temperature

4.4.2 Input Data for Water Quality Model

Data concerning the pollution load to the rivers in EABD and WABD has been collected
with focus on quantification of the following groups of sources:
• Agricultural sources
• From domestic live stock
• From use of fertiliser
• Urban point sources
• Out flow from WWTP (may include industrial wastewater)
• Sewered but not treated sewage (may include industrial wastewater)

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• Urban non-point sources

• Sewered small settlements
• Non severed settlements and individual houses/farms
• Industries, point sources:
• Direct discharge (including big animal breeding farms)

4.4.3 Calibration of Water Quality Models

The pollution load has been relative roughly quantified and there exist significant
uncertainties on domestic, industrial, as well as agricultural load. Therefore the pollution
is to be regarded as estimations of the levels. The year 2004 has been chosen as the
hydraulic basis for the calibration. These in spite that the pollution loads to a higher
extent represent the level in the period 2005-2007. The year 2004 has been selected as
hydraulic basis, because this year has been characterized closed to an average year
between those for which hydrological data was available. All together this mean that it
can’t be expected to achieve very precise simulation of the monitored concentration and
especially not the suddenly peaks and variation through the year. For these reason it has
during the calibration process been aimed to achieve a representation of the measured
level not only in 2004 but also that measured other resent years.

Examples of the calibration result for the variables BOD, Oxygen (DO), Ammonium
(NH4-N) and Phosphate-P (PO4-P) at a representative station in each river basin are
shown in Figures 4.4.2 – 4.4.6.

Generally the simulated concentration levels correspond to the measured ones except the
most upstream reach of some rivers although some of the dynamic variation is not
described too well. To achieve an improved simulation of the dynamic in the river system
requires at least better estimations of the variation in pollution load. No such data have
been available.

The results of the simulation for several different scenarios are shown in Chapter 6.

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4.5 Simple Model

4.5.1 Water Quantity

(1) Basic Ideas of Model

The Simple model for water quantity is basically based on monthly mass balance
calculation. The calculation is implemented on spread sheet such as Ms-Excel.

Unit of analysis in space for the simple model for water quantity is a catchment. The
simple model analyzes water movement and balance among the catchments. To develop
the simple model for water quantity, connectivity of the catchments is examined and an
additional attribute for modelling catchment layer is recorded using GIS environment.
The additional attribute for the catchment connectivity allows analyzing easily affected
catchments by a source catchment.

“Matrix for contribution” can also be prepared based on the additional attribute table.
Using this matrix, one can easily calculate the total accumulated value at an observation
point from all of upstream catchments. In the present study, the matrix of contribution for
each river basin has been prepared and stored in the Excel sheet as a part of the Simple
Model.

In a catchment, the following sources are estimated.

• Catchment Area
• Run-off from Catchment
• Abstraction from Catchment
• Discharge from Catchment
• Transfer from Catchment

For example, the simple model of water quantity utilizes the results of calibrated
rainfall-runoff (NAM) model. To estimate quasi-natural runoff from each catchment, the
following is assumed.
• Runoff from each catchment inside a rainfall-runoff (NAM) catchment is
proportional to: (Cacthment Area) x (Precipitation – Evapo-transpiration)

The other sources such as abstraction, discharge and transfer from a catchment are
estimated by using same methodology for MIKE11 water quantity model.

When the sources from catchments are given, accumulated values without influence of
significant reservoir such as quasi-natural flow and total abstracted water at an
observation point are calculated using the matrix of contribution.

Influence of operation of significant reservoir is taken into account by introducing

“matrix for reservoir influence”. At the catchments, which are affected by specific
reservoir, modified water quantity by the operation of the reservoir is substituted by
quasi-natural water quantity to get disturbed water quantity. All of the calculation is
implemented in Excel sheet with Macros, which have been prepared in the present study.

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(2) Versions of Simple Model for Water Quantity

The simple model for water quantity has the following four versions.

Versions for Simple Model for Water Quantity

Version Purpose
-To estimate existing condition
SimpleModel_ver_Existing -Developed in the study (No need to change until RR model will
be revised.)
-To estimate probable water quantity for quasi-natural and
potential flows
SimpleModel_ver_Potential
-Developed in the study (No need to change until RR model will
be revised.)
-To examine the effect of permitted water amount
SimpleModel_ver_Permit -Local + Existing water abstraction by Significant Reservoir
-Local + Permitted water abstraction for Significant Reservoir
SimpleModel_ver_Demand -To estimate water demand with several scenarios

An example of the presentation of simple model_ver_Existing is shown in Figure 4.5.1.

The user can specify any observation points to see the time series of water balance.

The results of ver_Exitsing and ver_Potential are basis for the draft basin management
plan prepared by the present study. On the other hand, Basin Directorate itself has
prepared Simple Model_ver_Permit and ver_Demand rather for Decision Support Tools
for proper water management. Main features for each version are as follows:
• Ver_Permit
• Entering permission data for hydropower, irrigation, drinking water
supply and industrial water supply.
• Selection of reference points for management
• Summary table for annual average and average during summer time (Jul.
to Sep.) for year 2001 -2005 for each catchment/segment and reference
point
• Longitudinal plot of the summarized results along main channel
• Time series plot for each reference point and/or catchment/segment
• Globally and locally changeable coefficient for permitted water amount
• Preparation of an input file related to local water abstraction for each
NAM catchment for MIKE11 water quantity model
• Ver_Demand
• Entering parameters for estimation of water demand for irrigation,
drinking water supply and industrial water supply
• Selection of reference points for management

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• Summary table for annual average and average during summer time (Jul.
to Sep.) for each catchment/segment and reference point
• Longitudinal plot of the summarized results along main channel
• Time series plot for each reference point and/or catchment/segment
• Preparation of an input file related to local water abstraction for each
NAM catchment for MIKE11 water quantity model

4.5.2 Water Quality

In order to facilitate the formulation of water quality management plan and for future use
for water quality management, simple model for water quality was developed in the
Study.

(1) Basic Concept of the Simple Model for Water Quality (WQL Simple Model)
• The WQL Simple Model will simulate the effect of reducing pollution loads to the
river water quality in terms of BOD5.
• The simulation will be done at key calculation points along the rivers.
• The calculation will be done by MS-Excel.
• The model can be utilized for quick review of the conditions of BOD loads in the
river basins comparing the future required BOD loads to attain good status of
water (such as Class II with BOD5 3.0 mg/l).

(2) Procedure of Developing the WQL Simple Model

Figure 4.5.2 shows the procedure for developing the WQL Simple Model.
• First to check the general co-relation between the present accumulated catchment
BOD loads from the upstream of the calculation points and the river BOD loads at
the calculation points. If there is junction of tributary, the calculation points are set
at the upstream side of the main stream. If there is no tributary, the calculation
point is just on the main stream at that point. Figure 4.5.3 shows the calculation
points for EABD and WABD with NAM catchments. There is clear co-relation
between the accumulated catchment BOD loads and the river BOD loads as
shown in the “Main Report 6.2 Water Quality Management Plan”.
• The existing sewer networks in EABD and WABD have significant loss of
pollutants such as at least 50% loss for the Maritsa and Tundzha River Basin, 40%
in the Arda River Basin, and 60% in the Struma and Mesta River Basin. The
current loss percentage to the domestic BOD load and industrial BOD load
discharged into the sewerage system is applied for calculating their inflow BOD
loads to the river. This assumption is more or less acceptable because the domestic
loads without sewerage system are calculated with smaller unit loads (15
g/day/PE) compared to the generated unit load of 60 g/day/PE, and it may reach to
the river through ditch or gulley.
• Ratios between the inflows BOD loads and river BOD loads are calculated at
every calculation point.
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• Under the assumed condition of reducing the loss from the sewer networks up to
10% in the long time future, inflow BOD loads based on the Near Future BOD
load including under constructed WWTPs or committed for constructing WWTPs
in EABD and WABD are calculated. Corresponding to this, River BOD load and
the BOD concentration in the near future condition with loss of sewerage with
10% are calculated.
• In order to attain the good status of water, which is better than Class II with BOD5
of 3.0 mg/l, required inflow BOD load and corresponding accumulated catchment
BOD load is calculated.
• Setting the pollution reduction plan such as construction of WWTPs in the future,
future accumulated catchment BOD load is calculated, and compared with the
required accumulated catchment BOD load.

(3) Results of the Calculation

Based on the procedure described above, the following figures show the results of the
calculations by the WQL Simple Model.
Figure Contents
Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.4
EABD
Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.5
EABD with High Priority Towns for WWTPs
Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.6
EABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs
Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.7
WABD
Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.8
WABD with High Priority Towns for WWTPs
Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
Figure 4.5.9
WABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs

Effects of reduction of BOD loads in EABD by the high priority towns for WWTPs as
well as the high and medium priority towns for WWTPs are rather good along the Maritsa
and Tundzha Main Rivers in general. However, for the upstream to mid-stream part of
the Tundzha River, reduction rate is slightly lower than the downstream. This reaches of
the Tundzha River might have more influence from the medium and smaller settlements.
Therefore, in the future, it will be necessary for reduction of pollution loads in this part
from medium to smaller settlements as well.

Overall effects for reducing BOD Loads by the high priority towns for WWTPs as well as
the high and medium priority towns for the Struma and Mesta Rivers are generally good.
However, for the Struma River, reduction rate of the pollution loads is insufficient
especially from upstream to mid-stream part. Therefore in the future, it may be necessary
to treat medium and smaller settlements in the upstream to the mid-stream parts as well.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1

Main Report

Chapter 4

Tables

4.2

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Table 4.2.1 Water Balance for Quasi-Natural Condition during 2001-2005 by

Calibrated NAM Model
Source: JICA Study Team

Struma Mesta Dospat Arda Biala Tundzha Maritsa

Catchment Area (km2) 8541 2785 613 5213 599 7891 21272

Average Elevation (m) 919 1225 1330 639 418 386 569

Precipitation (P) (mm/y) 761 844 875 902 833 710 723

PET (mm/y) 629 577 552 671 717 689 669

ET (mm/y) 483 442 490 511 567 513 488

Total Runoff (RO) (mm/y) 231 349 321 371 232 158 173

Lower Base Flow (LBF) 28 56 81 14 12 27 41

OverlandFlow (OF) (mm/y) 25 26 30 165 99 26 31

Storage (ST) (mm/y) 48 53 64 20 35 39 62

ET/P (%) 63.5 52.4 56.0 56.7 68.1 72.3 67.5

RO/P (%) 30.4 41.4 36.7 41.1 27.9 22.3 23.9

LBF/P (%) 3.7 6.6 9.3 1.6 1.4 3.8 5.7

OF/P (%) 3.3 3.1 3.4 18.3 11.9 3.7 4.3

ST/P (%) 6.3 6.3 7.3 2.2 4.2 5.5 8.6

ET/PET (%) 76.8 76.6 88.8 76.2 79.1 74.5 72.9

Total Runoff (m3/s) 62.6 30.8 6.2 61.3 4.4 39.5 116.7

Specific Total Runoff (l/s/km2) 7.325 11.067 10.179 11.764 7.357 5.010 5.486

1) Catchment
area is only for
modelled area
in Bulgarian 1) Catchment 1) Catchment 1) Catchment 1) Catchment 1) Catchment 1) Catchment
teritory. area is only for area is only for area is only for area is only for area is only for area is only for
2) Two modelled area. modelled area. modelled area. modelled area. modelled area. modelled area.
catchments are 2) Precipitation 2) Precipitation 2) Precipitation 2) Precipitation 2) Precipitation 2) Precipitation
Remarks
disturbed is modified is modified is modified is modified is modified is modified
condtion. considering considering considering considering considering considering
3) Precipitation elevation in the elevation in the elevation in the elevation in the elevation in the elevation in the
is modified model. model. model. model. model. model.
considering
elevation in the
model.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1

Main Report

Chapter 4

Figures

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1. Surface Water Quantity Management and Improvement Plan

(Simple Model and MIKE11 Model )

Water Quantity and Quality Model
2. Surface Water Quality Management and Improvement Plan
3. Groundwater Quantity and Quality Management and Improvement Plan
Level 6 4. Monitoring Plan for Surface Water, Groundwater, Water Use and Wastewater Discharge
Water Management
Plan Data 1. Water Balance Distribution by Sub-Basin and in the River Networks
2. Pollution Load Distribution by Sub-Basin
3. Water Quality Distribution in the River Networks
4. Hydro-biological Index Distribution in the River Networks
Level 5 5. Groundwater Quantity and Quality Distribution by Sub-Basin
Spatial Distribution 6. Distribution of Risk (Surface Water and Groundwater)
Analysis Data
1. Time Series Data at Points:
Meteo-hydrology, Surface Water Quantity and Quality,
Groundwater Quantity and Quality,
Level 4 Intake Water Volume, and Reservoir Operation.
Basic Analysis Data 2. Annual Condition at Points
at Points Hydro-biology
Wastewater Discharge and Pollution Load

1. Meteorology (Temperature, Relative Humidity and Precipitation)

Level 3
2. Hydrology (Surface Water Level and Discharge)
Monitoring Data
3. Surface Water Quality and Hydro-biology
4. Groundwater (Level and Quality)
5. Water Abstraction and Control (Intake and Reservoir) including Permission
6. Pollution Source and Wastewater Discharge (Quantity and Quality) including Permission
Level 2
Water Bodies Data
1. Surface Water Bodies
2. Groundwater Bodies
Level 1
Core Data 1. Topography, Geology, River & River Basin Boundary, Hydro-geology,
2. Administration Boundary/Towns/Villages, Population, Landuse, Economy, and
3. Natural and Social Environment including Protected Areas

Figure 4.1.1 Work Contents and Data in the Study

Input Sophisticated Model ( MIKE11)

- Simulation of longitudinal variation of discharge,
Precipitation
-water level and water quality along rivers
- Continuous simulation for time series
Rainfall Runoff Simulation
Discharge Q(m3/s) BOD, COD etc.(mg/l)
(MIKE11-RR）
Runoff Output
q(m3/s/km2) Input
Outflow from Dam
Month
1 2 11 12Month 1 2 11 12Month
Input
Pollution Load
from Town
Irri
gat
ion
Are
a
Intake

Input Pollution Load from

Livestock farm

Input
Simple Model Irri
gat
io nA
- Simulation at key stations only re a
- Simulation for monthly averaged values

Monthly. Ave. (m3/s) Monthly. Ave. Input Pollution Load

BOD, COD etc.(mg/l) from Industry
Output

1 2 11 12Month 1 2 11 12Month

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.1.2 Relationship between Simple Model and MIKE11 Model

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MIKE11 & MIKE BASIN

Boundary
Ms-Excel Condition MIKE11
(MIKE Zero platform)

- Preparation of input Connection of

Simple Model file for simulation output file to GIS
(Spread sheet)
environment
MIKE BASIN
Temporal Analyst &
Parameters
(Quasi-Natural Pollution load calculator
(ArcGIS extension:
Run-off etc.) part of MIKE11 GIS after ver2007)

Extract from DB

Final - Extract base layer

Assembling - Connection to DB

GIS-DB
- Water Body
- Natural & Socio-economical information
- Monitoring Data for Water Quantity and Quality
- Permission Data
- Operation record for reservoir and irrigation

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.1.3 Structure of Modeling Environment

4.2

4.3 ST_KON

ST_M8
ST_TRE
ST_M9

ST_M10

ST_DRA ST_ARK
ST_M7

ST_SOV ST_M6 ST_DZH2

ST_DZH1

ST_ELE ST_RIL

ST_M5
ST_BRA

ST_GRA

ST_M4

ST_M3

ST_SAN

ST_M2

ST_PIR RiverNetWorkMIKE11
ST_M1
MainRiverSegment
ST_STR1 SignificantLake
ST_STR2 Catchment
NAM Catchment

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.1 MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment in
the Struma River Basin

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ME_M6

ME_M5
ME_IST1

ME_ZLA

ME_IST2

ME_M4
ME_GLA DO_M2

ME_KAN

ME_M3

DO_M1
ME_NEV
ME_M2

ME_M1 RiverNetWorkMIKE11
MainRiverSegment
SignificantLake
Catchment
NAM Catchment

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.2 MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment in
the Mesta and Dospat River Basins

A R_M3

A R_M2

A R_M4 A R_M1
A R_CHE

A R_M0
A R_KRU1
A R_VA R1
A R_M5

BI_M

A R_VA R2 A R_KRU2

RiverNetWorkMIKE11
MainRiverSegment
SignificantLake
Catchment
NAM Catchment

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.3 MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment in
the Arda and Biala River Basins

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TU_A SE2 TU_MOC2

TU_BEL
TU_M8 TU_A SE1
TU_M5
TU_M7 TU_M6
TU_M4
TU_M9 TU_M3

TU_MOC1

TU_KA L
TU_M2

TU_POP1
TU_SIN

TU_A RA TU_POP2

TU_M1

RiverNetWorkMIKE11
MainRiverSegment
SignificantLake
Catchment
NAM Catchment

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.4 MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment in
the Tundzha River Basin

MA_TOP4
MA_STR2
MA_TOP3

MA_RDO
MA_LUD2
MA_PYA2
MA_TOP2
MA_BLA
MA_STR1
MA_TOP1 MA_PYA1 MA_SAZ2
MA_LUD1

MA_M7
MA_ROV
MA_M6
MA_M3

MA_M5 MA_SAZ1
MA_M2
MA_M4
MA_CPI1
MA_STA1
MA_VAC1

MA_STA2
MA_RBA MA_CPL1
MA_CPI2

MA_M1
MA_HAR2 MA_HAR1
MA_CPL2 MA_YUG

MA_VAC2

RiverNetWorkMIKE11
MainRiverSegment
SignificantLake
Catchment
NAM Catchment

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.5 MIKE11 River Network and Rainfall-Runoff (NAM) Catchment in
the Maritsa River Basin

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51880
Discharge, ST_M 0.000-12713.450 4

600
Water Quantity (m3/s)

500

400

300

200

100

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Time

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.6 Comparison between Observed and Simulated Hydrograph (The
Struma River: HMS51880)

61550
Discharge, AR_KRU 21091.111328125
300
Water Quantity (m3/s)

250

200

150

100

50

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Time
Source: JICA Study Team
Figure 4.3.7 Comparison between Observed and Simulated Hydrograph (The
Mesta River: HMS52850)

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61550
Discharge, AR_KRU 21091.111328125
300
Water Quantity (m3/s)

250

200

150

100

50

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Time

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.8 Comparison between Observed and Simulated Hydrograph (The
Arda River: HMS61550)

74850
Discharge, TU_M 53379.5703125
150
Water Quantity (m3/s)

100

50

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Time
Source: JICA Study Team
Figure 4.3.9 Comparison between Observed and Simulated Hydrograph (The
Tundzha River: HMS74850)

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73750
Discharge, MA_M 50444.6015625

1200
Water Quantity (m3/s)

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Time

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.10 Comparison between Observed and Simulated Hydrograph (The
Maritsa River: HMS73750)

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.3.11 Example of Presentation of Results of MIKE11 Model Using
Temporal Analyst

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Sun
4.4 Pollution sources Reaeration light
(N2)
BOD N
NH 4 ( NO3) -DO
(NO3) +DO
NH4 nitrification
-DO
BOD
BOD -DO degradation
Org. Matter

+DO Photosynthesis

Sediment respiration -DO Respiration

nitrification

Figure 4.4.1 Basic processes with respect to BOD, N-component and oxygen (DO)
included in the MIKE 11 WQ Model used under this study

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4-26
BOD
Concentration
Chapter 4

[mg/l] Time Series Concentration

ST_M 8406.41 BOD
8.0
External TS 1
7.0 464_BOD Ammonia (NH4-N)
6.0

5.0
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
ST_M 8406.41 AMMONIA
4.0
1.6 External TS 1
3.0 464_NH4
Final Report - Main Report

1.4
2.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Oxygen (DO)
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
ST_M 8406.41 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
13.0
External TS 1
464_DO
12.0
Phosphate (PO4-P)
11.0

JICA
10.0

[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
9.0 ST_M 8406.41 ORTHOPHOSPHATE

1.6 External TS 1
8.0
464_PO4
1.4
7.0
1.2

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005 1.0

Concentration at Station 464, Struma River

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Figure 4.4.2 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) , Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at

Figure 4.4.2 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N)

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

Station 464, The Struma River
The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
 BOD

JICA
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
ME_M 21250.00 BOD
14.0 Ammonia (NH4-N)
External TS 1
12.0 432_BOD

10.0
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
ME_M 21250.00 AMMONIA
8.0
1.6 External TS 1
432_NH4
6.0 1.4
in the Republic of Bulgaria

4.0 1.2

1.0
2.0

0.8
0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005 0.6

0.4

0.2
The Study on Integrated Water Management

0.0

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Oxygen (DO)
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
ME_M 21250.00 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

13.0 External TS 1
432_DO
12.0 Phosphate (PO4-P)
11.0

10.0
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
1.1 ME_M 21250.00 ORTHOPHOSPHATE
9.0

1.0 External TS 1
8.0
432_PO4
0.9
7.0
0.8
6.0
0.7
5.0
0.6

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at Station 432, Mesta River

Figure 4.4.3 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) , Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at
Station 432, The Mesta River

Figure 4.4.3 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) ,

4-27
Chapter 4
Final Report - Main Report
4-28
BOD
Chapter 4

[MG/L] TOTAL BOD

Time Series TOTAL BOD
18.0 AR_M 13198.56

17.0 External TS 1 Ammonia (NH4-N)

412_BOD
16.0

15.0
[mg/l] Concentration
14.0 Time Series Concentration
AR_M 13198.56 AMMONIA
13.0 2.0
External TS 1
12.0 1.9 412_NH4

11.0 1.8
1.7
10.0
1.6
Final Report - Main Report

9.0
1.5
8.0
1.4
7.0 1.3
6.0 1.2
5.0 1.1

4.0 1.0
0.9
3.0
0.8
2.0
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.5
1-7-2000 17-1-2001 5-8-2001 21-2-2002 9-9-2002 28-3-2003 14-10-2003 1-5-2004 17-11-2004 5-6-2005 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

1-7-2000 17-1-2001 5-8-2001 21-2-2002 9-9-2002 28-3-2003 14-10-2003 1-5-2004 17-11-2004 5-6-2005
Oxygen (DO)
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
AR_M 13198.56 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
13.0
External TS 1 Phosphate (PO4-P)
412_DO
12.0
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
11.0 AR_M 13198.56 ORTHOPHOSPHATE

2.4 External TS 1

JICA
10.0 412_PO4
2.2
9.0
2.0
8.0
1.8
7.0
1.6
6.0
1.4
5.0
1.2

4.0
1.0

3.0
0.8

2.0
0.6

1.0 0.4

1-7-2000 17-1-2001 5-8-2001 21-2-2002 9-9-2002 28-3-2003 14-10-2003 1-5-2004 17-11-2004 5-6-2005
0.2

Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at Station 412, Arda River

0.0

1-7-2000 17-1-2001 5-8-2001 21-2-2002 9-9-2002 28-3-2003 14-10-2003 1-5-2004 17-11-2004 5-6-2005

Figure 4.4.4 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) , Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

Station 412, The Arda River

Figure 4.4.4 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) ,
The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
 JICA
BOD
[MG/L] TOTAL BOD
Time Series TOTAL BOD
TU_M 31004.34

18.0 External TS 1
17.0 309_BOD

16.0 Ammonia (NH4-N)

15.0

14.0
[mg/l] Concentration
13.0 Time Series Concentration
TU_M 31004.34 AMMONIA
12.0 2.4
External TS 1
11.0 2.2 309_NH4
10.0 2.0
in the Republic of Bulgaria

9.0 1.8

8.0 1.6

7.0 1.4
6.0 1.2

5.0 1.0
4.0 0.8
3.0 0.6
2.0 0.4
1.0 0.2
The Study on Integrated Water Management

0.0 0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Oxygen (DO)
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
TU_M 31004.34 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
12.0
External TS 1
309_DO
11.0
Phosphate (PO4-P)
10.0

[mg/l] Concentration
9.0 Time Series Concentration
TU_M 31004.34 ORTHOPHOSPHATE
2.4
8.0 2.2 External TS 1
309_PO4
2.0
7.0
1.8

6.0 1.6

1.4
5.0
1.2
1.0
7-3-2003 15-6-2003 23-9-2003 1-1-2004 10-4-2004 19-7-2004 27-10-2004 4-2-2005 15-5-2005 23-8-2005
0.8

0.6

0.4
0.2

0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at Station 309, Tundzha River

Figure 4.4.5 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) , Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at
Station 309, The Tundzha River

Figure 4.4.5 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) ,

4-29
Chapter 4
Final Report - Main Report
4-30
BOD
Chapter 4

[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
MA_M 3640.44 BOD
18.0
External TS 1
16.0 387_BOD Ammonia (NH4-N)
14.0

12.0
[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
10.0 MA_M 3640.44 AMMONIA

8.0 External TS 1
Final Report - Main Report

3.0
387_NH4
6.0
2.5
4.0

2.0
2.0

2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005 1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Oxygen (DO)

[mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
MA_M 3640.44 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
12.0
External TS 1
11.0 387_DO Phosphate (PO4-P)
10.0

JICA
9.0 [mg/l] Concentration
Time Series Concentration
MA_M 49472.20 ORTHOPHOSPHATE
8.0
2.2
External TS 1
7.0 2.0 385_PO4

6.0 1.8

1.6
5.0
1.4
4.0
1.2

1.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
2-3-2000 18-9-2000 6-4-2001 23-10-2001 11-5-2002 27-11-2002 15-6-2003 1-1-2004 19-7-2004 4-2-2005 23-8-2005

Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at Station 387, Maritsa River

Figure 4.4.6 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) , Phosphate (PO4-P) Concentration at

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

Station 387, The Maritsa River

Figure 4.4.6 Simulated and Monitored BOD, Oxygen (DO) , Ammonia (NH4-N) ,
The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 4

4.5
Point
1: RefPoint
No. of
RefPoint
Catchment
JICA_ID
2: Segment (for 1) (For 2) Re-plot TimeSeries
2 ST4 538

250.00
Quasi-Natural Flow
Potential Flow with Significant Reservoir
200.00 Total Abstracted Water
Disturbed Flow
Discharge (m3/s)

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
Jan 2001

Apr 2001

Jul 2001

Oct 2001

Jan 2002

Apr 2002

Jul 2002

Oct 2002

Jan 2003

Apr 2003

Jul 2003

Oct 2003

Jan 2004

Apr 2004

Jul 2004

Oct 2004

Jan 2005

Apr 2005

Jul 2005

Oct 2005
Time

Total Abstracted Water Abstracted Water for IRR Abstracted Water for DWS Abstracted Water for IWS
6.00
5.00
Discharge (m3/s)

4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00

2005

2005

Jul 2005

2005
2001

2001

Jul 2001

2001

2002

2002

Jul 2002

2002

2003

2003

Jul 2003

2003

2004

2004

Jul 2004

2004
Jan

Jan
Jan

Jan

Jan

Apr
Apr

Apr

Apr

Apr

Oct
Oct

Oct
Oct

Oct

Time

Average in 2001-2005 Average in 2001-2005

Quasi-Natural Flow Potential Flow
Total Abstracted Water Abstracted Water for IRR
Total Abstracted Water Disturbed Flow
Abstracted Water for DWS Abstracted Water for IWS

120.00 5.00
4.50
100.00 4.00
Discharge (m3/s)
Discharge (m3/s)

3.50
80.00
3.00
60.00 2.50
2.00
40.00 1.50
1.00
20.00
0.50
0.00 0.00
ov
b
ar

r
ay

ct

ec
n

p
ov
b

ay

ct

ec
n

ar

Ju
Ap
Ju
Ap

Fe

Au
Ja

Ju

Se
Fe

Au
Ja

Ju

Se

O
M
O

D
M

Time Time

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 4.5.1 Example of Presentation of Simple Model_ver_Existing

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Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
Chapter 4 in the Republic of Bulgaria

1. Present Catchment BOD Load 3. Present BOD5 Concentration

by NAM Catchment and Discharge in the River
1) Domestic load and industrial load BOD5 of normal maximum values
discharged into sewerage system Average discharge quantity in the
2) Livestock load river during summer season
3) Industrial load directly discharged
into rivers and water bodies

2. Present Accumulated Catchment 4. Present River BOD Load at the

BOD Load and Inflow BOD Load Calculation Points
Upstream from the Calculation

5. Co-relation of the Present Accumulated Catchment

and Inflow BOD Loads and River BOD Load
1) General co-relation from upstream to downstream for
accumulated catchment BOD load and river BOD load.
2) Ratios at each calculation point between inflow BOD
load including current pollutant loss from sewer networks to
the river BOD load.

6. Near Future Catchment BOD 7. Near Future River BOD Load

Load and Inflow BOD Load with and BOD Concentration with 10%
10 % Loss from Sewer Networks Loss from Sewer Networks

8. Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads

BOD5 in the river to be better than Class II (3.0 mg/l).
Required river BOD Load with BOD5 of 3.0 mg/l.
Required accumulated catchment BOD load with 10 %
loss from sewer networks.

Accumulated Catchment BOD Load

Inflow BOD Load

NAM Catchment 1 River Discharge : Q
BOD concentration: C

NAM Catchment 2 River BOD Load

Calculation point

Figure 4.5.2 Procedure of Developing the Simple Model for Water Quality

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The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
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Figure 4.5.3 Calculation Points for EABD and WABD with NAM Catchments

Figure 4.5.3 Calculation Points for EABD and WABD with NAM Catchments

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Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
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Figure 4.5.4 Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads
in EABD

Figure. 4.5.4 Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in EABD

4-34 JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
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Figure 4.5.5 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD
Loads in EABD with High Priority Towns for WWTPs

Figure. 4.5.5 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in
EABD with High Priority Towns for WWTPs

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Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
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Figure 4.5.6 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD
Loads in EABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs

Fig. 4.5.6 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads
in EABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs

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The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
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Figure 4.5.7 Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads
in WABD

Fig. 4.5.7 Present Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in WABD

JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. 4-37

Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
Chapter 4 in the Republic of Bulgaria

Figure 4.5.8 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD
Loads in WABD with High Priority Towns for WWTPs

Fig. 4.5.8 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads in WABD
with High Priority Towns for WWTPs

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The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 4

Figure 4.5.9 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD
Loads in WABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs

Fig. 4.5.9 Required Accumulated Catchment BOD Loads and River BOD Loads
in WABD with High and Medium Priority Towns for WWTPs

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Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
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4-40 JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 5

CHAPTER 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK

5.1 Population

Population in Bulgaria is on the decrease from the year 1985 as a peak. Nevertheless the
population in Bulgaria shows a falling trend as a whole, that in some municipalities are
increased during past several years as the Capital City, Sofia. Generally speaking,
decrease of population is caused by hemorrhage of labor force of young generation as 20s
or 30s of ages. But, on the other hand, increase in population in some cities and/or
municipalities means to show a trend of concentration of the population in urban areas.

The population of the largest municipality of Plovdiv in the East Aegean River Basin has
increased from 340,122 in 2001 to 341,873 in 2005 even showing some fluctuation
depending on the year. And, the population itself of the Municipality of Blagoevgrad in
the West Aegean River Basin is less than that in 2001, but it has slightly increased from
77,346 in 2003 to 77,462 in 2005.

Based on the above trend, the population of both the Municipalities of Plovdiv and
Blagoevgrad may be increased to the year 2015, and that of the other municipalities in the
West and the East Aegean River Basins may remain on the same level as it is. As shown
in Figure 5.1.1, in the Plovdiv, 3 cases are assumed as (1) the most optimistic case of
population increase with 0.23% to the year 2015 based on the same trend of past 3 years,
(2) medium case with 0.18% based on 50% of past 3 years increase, and (3) the most
pessimistic case with 0.12% based on 25% of past 3 years increase.

On the other hand, the municipality of Blagoevgrad is the largest municipality in the West
Aegean River Basin, but a scale of the municipality is far small comparing with Plovdiv.
Therefore, increasing rate of the population is also small. Accordingly, 3 cases are
assumed as (1) the most optimistic case of population increase with 0.05% to the year
2015, (2) medium case with 0.03%, and (3) the most pessimistic case with 0.01%. Figure
5.1.2 shows a summary of population projection to the year of 2015.

5.2 Economic Growth

The clearest factor to express the economic growth is GDP. The following table shows a
summary of GDP trend during past several years.

Trend of GDP and Per Capita Production for the Past Several Years

(At current price)

Annual Average
Description 2001 2002 2003 2004 Increasing Rate
GDP (million Levs) 29,709 32,335 34,547 38,275 8.82%
GDP per Capita (Levs/capita) 3,754 4,109 4,416 4,919 9.44%
Source: NSI.

GDP has increased by 8.8% annually in average, and GDP per Capita has also increased
by 9.4% annually in average, so these trend seems to be quite firm. However, in case
taking price increase into account, the situation cannot be taken lightly.

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The following table shows a summary of GDP revised by the Consumer Price Index
(CPI).

GDP and Per Capita Production Revised by CPI

Annual
Average
Description 2002 2003 2004
Increasing
Rate
GDP Annual increasing rate 8.84% 6.84% 10.79% 8.82%
CPI 3.81% 5.64% 3.98% 4.48%
Actual annual increasing rate 5.02% 1.20% 6.82% 4.35%
GDP/capita
Annual increasing rate 9.46% 7.47% 11.39% 9.44%
CPI 3.81% 5.64% 3.98% 4.48%
Actual annual increasing rate 5.64% 1.83% 7.41% 4.96%

Both the actual GDP and the actual GDP Per Capita have been fluctuated around middle
to upper end of 4%. Accordingly, it may be appropriate that GDP will be increased
around 5% for the future too.

5.3 Transition of Industrial Structure and Tasks of Agricultural Sector

Industrial structure for the past several years can be expressed by the share rate of
production (gross value added) (see Table 5.3.1). Production of the agricultural sector
(Agriculture/ Hunting/Forestry) has around remained on the same level until 2004, but
has fallen in 2005 in the share rate to GDP. On the other hand, that in the manufacturing
sector has increased constantly in production. The sector of Electricity/Gas/Water
Supply has fallen in production in 2005, but the production has increased steadily even
increasing rate is no so much great. The production of the sectors of (1) Trade/Repair of
Motor Vehicles/ Personal-Household Goods, (2) Hotels/Restaurants, (3)
Transport/Storage/Communi- cations, (4) Financial Intermediation, (5) Real
Estate/Renting, (6) Public Administration/ Compulsory Social Security, (7) Education,
(8) Health/Social Work is also increased steadily during past several years. Table 5.3.2
shows a summary of share rates of production by economic activities to GDP.

Generally speaking, Bulgaria is a national commitment of agriculture. However,

according to the above, the share rate of agricultural production to GDP is less than 10%,
and it has been fallen annually. In the year 2005, it has fallen to less than 8%. It may be
that to ensure the agricultural production is the most urgent task for the nation. For
realizing it, development of incentives of farmers may be the most important factor. For
this purpose, as well as governmental policy for increasing the agricultural production, to
stabilize and accessibility of farmers to agricultural market is required to ensure.

5.4 Irrigation

According to the Agricultural Statistics, a share rate of irrigated agricultural area to total
arable area is only 4% as of 2005.

And, in so called potential irrigable areas (potential irrigation areas) where have formerly
been laid down irrigation facilities as canals, the share rate of actual irrigated areas are,
nevertheless discrepancies exist depending upon districts, and/or differs by year, less than
10% in overall average in the whole nation.

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Share rates of actual irrigated area to the total potential area in each irrigation branch are
ranging from 1.29% to 19.22%, and 7.43% in overall average (see Table 5.4.1).

Each irrigation branch consists of several irrigation systems. According to this detail of
irrigation systems, the share rate of the West Aegean River Basin is only 4.76% and that
of the East Aegean river Basin is 7.17% in average.

Data indicated in Table 5.4.1 comes only from Irrigation Systems PLC. Actually, there
exist some the other irrigation water supply companies as Hydro Melioration-Sevlievo
PLC, Zeminvest PLC as quasi-largest companies as well as small-scale irrigation water
supply companies located over the nation reached from 50 to 60 firms. The Irrigation
Systems PLC supplies the said 2 quasi-largest companies cover only 2% of supplied
water volume, and remaining 98% of irrigation water. Supplied water volume by the
smallest companies is not clear, but anyway, it may say that the data above indicates
overall status of actual irrigated areas of the nation.

Through the Study, it has been made clear that the reason of low actuality ratings to the
potential area caused by mal-function of irrigation facilities because of its deterioration
and of lack of suitable operation and maintenance. As discussed in previous sub-clause,
to develop the agricultural productivity is the urgent task in the nation. However, there
will be a lot of matters to be solved as financing matters, farming skills of farmers and
accessibility to the market, so that to prompt realization of improvement of the
agricultural production will face to a lot of difficulties.

Based on the Study, it is assumed that the irrigation areas will be expanded by 20% of the
potential area in each river basin in average and this rate may be ceiling rate of irrigation
improvement until the target year 2015.

5.5 Living Standard and Water Consumption

Average income level per household in Bulgaria, the level in 2001 has fallen from that in
2000, but after that the income level has been increased by 7.66% annually, and it seems
that the income per household has constantly been increased, as shown in Chapter 2.3.

Among them, the income level can be illustrated as shown in Figure 5.5.1. In a simple
average, the income level has been increased by 7.66% as discussed above. But the
increasing rate has been decreased year by year, so that it may not be optimistic. And,
during the same period, the CPI has fluctuated on the rate of 2.91% in average, so that the
actual increase of income is on a level of 4%. Therefore, the increase of income is not so
much.

On the other hand, according to the table “Average Annual Expenditure per Household
and per Capita” in Chapter 2.3, share rate of foods to the total expenditure has improved
from 42% in 2000 to 36% in 2005 that almost the same level of developed countries as
summarized in the following table. But, it is rather questionable.

Share Rate of Foods to the Total Expenditure in Bulgaria

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Engel Coefficient 42.09% 42.72% 40.30% 38.14% 36.98% 35.97%

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Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
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According to a result of “Water Utility Survey” made by JICA Study Team in 2006, the
share rate of expenditure for foods to the total expenditure is more than 50% in both the
Basins as shown in the following table, and it implies that the living of people may be in
needy circumstances.

Share Rate of Expenditure for Foods to the Total Expenditure in Bulgaria

(Lev/HH per month)
Income/HH Expenditure
River Basin in Overall Food and
Fuel Water Others Total
Average Drinks
West Aegean 283.60 62.36 17.07 229.45 592.48
592.48
River Basin 47.87% 10.53% 2.88% 38.73% 100.00%
East Aegean 271.22 62.83 17.56 141.73 493.33
493.33
River Basin 54.98% 12.74% 3.56% 28.73% 100.00%
Both the 274.39 62.77 17.47 165.52 520.14
520.14
Basins 52.75% 12.07% 3.36% 31.82% 100.00%
Source: A result of "Water Utility Survey" made by JICA Study Team, 2006.

Provided that the share rate of expenditure for water of 3.36% is in average based on
answers for expenditure by items, and this may be expressed for expenditure for public
water supply, and it may not expressed the expenditure for water in total. Almost of
people purchase a bottled mineral water. Actual expenditure for water in total is, as
shown in the table entitled as “Expenditure for Water in Grand Total” in Chapter2.12, at
27.32 Lev/HH per month in weighted average in both the Basins, and its share rate to the
total has reached to 5.25%.

Currently, consumed water volume has remained in low level as 92 ldc as of 2005 as
shown in the following table. This is based on water charge collection record in water
supply side, and so, it is the consumed water volume depending upon current public water
supply systems. Namely, this consumed water volume may be the same amount of
supplied water volume.

Changes of Consumed Water Volume by Public Water Supply Systems for the Past
Several Years
(ldc)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Paid Water
99 95 90 95 94 92
Volume
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2005, NSI.

Actual price of mineral water is 371 Lev/m3 as shown in the following table, so that the
price 371 times of unit charge of water supplied by public water supply systems.
Therefore, in case that the supplied water volume is enough for living, they must not
purchase such expensive bottled mineral water.

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The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
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Price of Bottled Mineral Water

Unit Price of Bottled Mineral
Water
River Basin Per Bottle Per Litre Equal:
(Lev/ 1.5
(Lev/ℓ ) (Lev/m3)
ℓ bottle)
West Aegean
0.58 0.39 386
River Basin
West Aegean
0.55 0.37 368
River Basin
Both the Basin 0.56 0.37 371
Source: Water Utility Survey made by JICA Study Team, 2006.

On the other hand, according to the other result of the said “Water Utility Survey”, the
actual consumed water volume is 156 ldc (under the condition of 3.37 persons/HH in
family scale for converting the consumed water volume per household per month) as
shown in the following table. In other words, different water volume between 92 ldc and
156 ldc is to be covered by purchasing the said expensive bottled mineral water and/or
some other source with heavy burden.

Actual Water Consumption

Water Consumption Remarks:
3
(m /HH per month) Conversion
River Basin
into ldc
Summer Winter Average
(Average)
West Aegean
17.55 12.45 15.00 148
River Basin
East Aegean
18.77 13.25 16.01 158
River Basin
Both the
18.43 13.02 15.73 156
Basins
Source: A result of "Water Utility Survey" made by JICA Study Team, 2006.

One of wastewater treatment plants under construction is designed under the condition of
180 ldc of discharge volume. If the discharge volume is assumed at 90% of consumed
water volume, the consumed water volume is to be at 200 ldc. Taking into account of this
as well as increase of consumed water volume for the future according to the current trend
of water consumption as discussed above, it is assumed that envisaged consumed water
volume will be increased by 220 ldc as of the target year 2015.

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CHAPTER 5

5.1

Main Report

Chapter 5

Tables

5.2

5.3

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Table 5.3.1 Fluctuation of Share Rate of Production by Economic Activities to GDP

in the Past Several Years
(million Lev)
Gross Value Added in Each Economic
Activity Group at Basic Prices
Economic Activity Group
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Agriculture/Hunting/Forestry 3,520 3,445 3,485 3,576 3,327
Fishing 13 14 14 14 14
Mining/Quarrying 403 412 440 530 566
Manufacturing 4,606 4,966 5,516 5,989 6,750
Electricity/Gos/Water Supply 1,591 1,634 1,652 1,722 1,626
Construction 1,203 1,276 1,364 1,668 2,026
Trade/Repair of Motor Vehicles/
1,937 2,105 2,186 2,506 2,950
Personal-Household Goods
Hotels/Restaurants 535 563 625 713 899
Transport/Storage/Communications 3,386 3,950 4,166 4,570 4,952
Financial Intermediation 831 986 1,147 1,382 1,682
Real Estate/Renting 4,391 4,751 4,844 5,189 5,568
Public Administration/
1,754 1,958 2,132 2,351 2,457
Compulsory Social Security
Education 1,073 1,127 1,194 1,336 1,404
Health/Social Work 661 858 960 998 1,031
Other
450 480 503 626 771
Community/Social/Personal
Total 26,356 28,526 30,227 33,169 36,023
Adjustment 3,354 3,809 4,319 5,106 5,925
FISIM* -539 -596 -753 -1,043 -1,360
Import Duties 195 188 231 292 372
Net Taxes on Products 1,057 1,143 1,434 1,938 2,115
VAT 2,641 3,073 3,407 3,918 4,798
GDP at Market Prices 29,709 32,335 34,547 38,275 41,948
(Note) *FISIM = Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured.
Source: Statistical Yearbook, 2006, NSI.

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Table 5.3.2 Change of Share Rates by Economic Activities to GDP

Share Rate of Gross Value Added in Each Economic

Activity Group to the Total Gross Value Added
Economic Activity Group
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Average
Agriculture/Hunting/Forestry 11.85% 10.66% 10.09% 9.34% 7.93% 9.97%
Fishing 0.04% 0.04% 0.04% 0.04% 0.03% 0.04%
Mining/Quarrying 1.36% 1.28% 1.27% 1.38% 1.35% 1.33%
Manufacturing 15.50% 15.36% 15.97% 15.65% 16.09% 15.71%
Electricity/Gos/Water Supply 5.36% 5.05% 4.78% 4.50% 3.88% 4.71%
Construction 4.05% 3.95% 3.95% 4.36% 4.83% 4.23%
Trade/Repair of Motor Vehicles/ 6.59%
6.52% 6.51% 6.33% 6.55% 7.03%
Personal-Household Goods
Hotels/Restaurants 1.80% 1.74% 1.81% 1.86% 2.14% 1.87%
Transport/Storage/Communications 11.40% 12.22% 12.06% 11.94% 11.81% 11.88%
Financial Intermediation 2.80% 3.05% 3.32% 3.61% 4.01% 3.36%
Real Estate/Renting 14.78% 14.69% 14.02% 13.56% 13.27% 14.07%
Public Administration/ 6.03%
5.90% 6.06% 6.17% 6.14% 5.86%
Compulsory Social Security
Education 3.61% 3.49% 3.46% 3.49% 3.35% 3.48%
Health/Social Work 2.23% 2.65% 2.78% 2.61% 2.46% 2.54%
Other 1.59%
1.51% 1.48% 1.46% 1.63% 1.84%
Community/Social/Personal
Total 88.71% 88.22% 87.50% 86.66% 85.87% 87.39%
Adjustment 11.29% 11.78% 12.50% 13.34% 14.13% 12.61%
FISIM* -1.82% -1.84% -2.18% -2.72% -3.24% -2.36%
Import Duties 0.66% 0.58% 0.67% 0.76% 0.89% 0.71%
Net Taxes on Products 3.56% 3.54% 4.15% 5.06% 5.04% 4.27%
VAT 8.89% 9.50% 9.86% 10.24% 11.44% 9.99%
GDP at Market Prices 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
(Note) *FISIM = Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured.
Source: Statistical Yearbook, 2006, NSI.

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Table 5.4.1 Potential Area and Fluctuated Actual Irrigated Area

Actual Irrigated Area (ha) Average

Potential
Irrigation Irrigation
Irrigation
Branch Portion
Area (ha)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Average (%)

Burgas 19,922 1,390 499 379 349 63 64 457 2.29%

Varna 17,246 3,276 2,301 2,849 3,306 485 757 2,162 12.54%
Veliko Tarnovo 42,683 3,807 395 396 1,216 862 77 1,126 2.64%
Vidin 20,737 1,208 782 870 822 306 34 670 3.23%
Vratsa 47,224 4,949 1,835 720 1,085 1,103 290 1,664 3.52%
Gotse Delchev 16,809 8,656 1,858 1,070 3,131 2,654 2,010 3,230 19.22%
Dupnitsa 26,317 5,324 1,166 516 678 654 198 1,423 5.41%
Montana 22,750 626 842 477 349 325 163 464 2.04%
Pazardzhik 57,799 20,161 11,476 6,676 9,784 10,046 5,451 10,599 18.34%
Pernik 16,045 1,542 570 368 426 331 339 596 3.72%
Pleven 53,127 8,254 3,732 2,668 3,452 2,874 651 3,605 6.79%
Plovdiv 106,878 30,600 24,792 12,441 20,024 17,598 9,233 19,115 17.88%
Ruse 57,573 895 961 710 1,317 446 137 744 1.29%
Sandanski 15,790 3,657 2,097 1,923 1,172 1,220 1,140 1,868 11.83%
Sliven 199,816 9,738 5,595 4,880 5,469 2,408 1,557 4,941 2.47%
Sofia 29,555 1,726 819 827 824 985 624 967 3.27%
Stara Zagora 75,404 16,693 11,782 4,844 3,527 1,611 957 6,569 8.71%
Targovishte 26,123 5,001 2,497 2,027 3,979 2,718 933 2,859 10.95%
Haskovo 50,059 7,474 3,486 3,710 5,597 5,365 2,988 4,770 9.53%
Shumen 37,398 2,312 2,512 2,113 3,475 1,629 604 2,107 5.64%
Yambol 37,421 4,543 1,949 3,048 3,470 1,609 1,170 2,631 7.03%
Total 976,673 141,834 81,946 53,513 73,451 55,289 29,376 72,568 7.43%
(Remarks) West Aegean River Basin. East Aegean River Basin.
(Note) Some irrigation branches cover several municipalities located in other river basins.
Source: Irrigation Systems PLC.

5.5

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CHAPTER 5

5.1

Main Report

Chapter 5

Figures

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Increase Increase Increase 355,000

Optimistic against Medium against Pessimistic against
Year Opptimistic case: Based on the same trend of the last 3 years
Case previous Case previous Case previous Medium case: Based on 1/2 trend of the last 3 years
352,500
year year year Pessimistic case: Based on 1/4 trend of the last 4 years
2005 341,873 0.1198% 341,873 0.1198% 341,873 0.1198% 350,000
2006 342,770 0.2624% 342,508 0.1857% 342,296 0.1238% e

Population
c cas
misti
2007 343,546 0.2263% 343,142 0.1852% 342,719 0.1235% Opti se
347,500 m c a
2008 344,321 0.2256% 343,776 0.1848% 343,142 0.1233% Mediu
se
istic ca
2009 345,096 0.2250% 344,410 0.1843% 343,564 0.1231% Pessim
345,000
2010 345,870 0.2244% 345,043 0.1839% 343,986 0.1229%
2011 346,644 0.2238% 345,676 0.1835% 344,408 0.1227%
342,500
2012 347,418 0.2232% 346,309 0.1831% 344,830 0.1225%
2013 348,191 0.2226% 346,942 0.1826% 345,252 0.1223%
340,000
2014 348,964 0.2220% 347,574 0.1822% 345,673 0.1221%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2015 349,736 0.2214% 348,206 0.1818% 346,095 0.1219%
Year
Annual Average: 0.2277% 0.1837% 0.1228%

Figure 5.1.1 Population Projection of the Municipality of Plovdiv

Increase Increase Increase 77,900

Optimistic against Medium against Pessimistic against tic case
Year imis
Case previous Case previous Case previous 77,800 Op t
year year year
2005 77,462 0.0517% 77,462 0.0517% 77,462 0.0517% 77,700
m case
Mediu
2006 77,502 0.0510% 77,482 0.0258% 77,472 0.0129%
Popyulation

77,600 se
2007 77,541 0.0516% 77,502 0.0258% 77,482 0.0129% Pessimistic ca
2008 77,581 0.0515% 77,522 0.0257% 77,492 0.0129%
77,500
2009 77,621 0.0515% 77,542 0.0257% 77,502 0.0129%
2010 77,661 0.0514% 77,562 0.0257% 77,512 0.0128% 77,400
Opptimistic case: Based on the same trend of the last 2 years
2011 77,701 0.0514% 77,582 0.0257% 77,522 0.0128%
Medium case: Based on 1/2 trend of the last 2 years
2012 77,741 0.0513% 77,602 0.0257% 77,532 0.0128% 77,300 Pessimistic case: Based on 1/4 trend of the last 2 years
2013 77,781 0.0512% 77,621 0.0256% 77,542 0.0128%
2014 77,821 0.0512% 77,641 0.0256% 77,552 0.0128% 77,200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2015 77,860 0.0511% 77,661 0.0256% 77,562 0.0128%
Year
Annual Average: 0.0513% 0.0257% 0.0128%

Figure 5.1.2 Population Projection of the Municipality of Blagoevgrad

7,000
Income (Levs/Year)

5.2
6,000
5.3

5.4
5,000
5.5

4,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year

Figure 5.5.1 Changes of Income Level per Household in Bulgaria for Past Several

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CHAPTER 6 RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Formulation of River Basin Management Plan

6.1.1 Introduction

EABD and WABD have to prepare the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) in
accordance with the EU-WFD, of which the target is to attain the good physico-chemical
and ecological status for surface water and groundwater by 2015. The main deadlines and
milestones of the planning of the RBMP are set by the WFD as follows:
• Ecological status classification (Type-B) by 2004,
• Impact review completed by member states and register of protected areas by
2004,
• Summary reporting of impact review to Commission by 2005,
• Monitoring programme operational by 2006,
• Programme of measures to be established for achieving the environmental
objectives of the WFD based on sound monitoring and the analysis of the
characteristics of the river basin; and the 1st River Basin Management Plan
completed by 2009, including the designation of heavily modified water bodies,
• Cost recovery for water services in accordance with the polluters pay principal by
2010,
• Programmes of measures operational by 2012,
• Revised overview of significant water issue by 2013, and
• Evaluation of the first period and update the RBMP for the next two six-year
cycles of planning and implementation of measures by 2015.

The Government of Bulgaria established four river basin directorates from 2002 to 2003
in accordance with the Water Act of Bulgaria, which was enacted in 2000. The four basin
directorates have started the arrangement of river basin management activities and also
started the preparation for the RBMP in accordance with the EU-WFD and the Water Act
of Bulgaria.

The output of the present study does not correspond one by one to the form of River Basin
Management Plan defined by EU-WFD. The JICA Study considered both EU-WFD and
Water Act, e.g. the share of water quantity is minimal in EU-WFD, but water quality and
water quantity have been dealt as two pillars in the Study. The results of the present study
would be considered in the forthcoming process of the preparation of the River Basin
Management Plans.

The Study has supported EABD and WABD in preparation of RBMP, of which the
planning process requires the participation of stakeholders through a series of Public
Consultation Meetings. The public consultations have been conducted in three stages as
follows:

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Components according
Planning Stages Public Consultation
to EU- WFD
Current and foreseen - Monitoring the current status 1st public consultation;
scenarios assessment - Assessment of the current status Conducted in November 2006.
Main topics: Current status of
impacts

Target setting and Setting up of the environmental 2nd public consultation;

preliminary objectives and preliminary Conducted in September 2007
programmes of programmes of measures Topics: Direction of
measures Programmes of measures
Alternative - Setting up of the programme of 3rd public consultation
programmes of measures Conducted in December 2007
measures and actions - Establishment of monitoring Topics: Programmes of
taking programmes measures and RBMP (Draft)
- Development of River Basin
Management Plans (RBMP)

6.1.2 Pressures and Impacts in the River Basin Level

The current status of surface water and groundwater in the Study Area are studied and
discussed in Chapter 2 in this report. Significant pressures and impacts to be caused by
human activities are listed as follows:
• Discharges of wastewaters from settlements, industries and large animal breeding
farms without WWTPs or with WWTPs without a proper treatment,
• Discharge of pollution loads from settlements without sewerage facilities,
• Discharge of pollution loads from agricultural lands and animal breeding farms,
• Impacts caused by inappropriate water intakes for water supply, irrigation and
inter-basin water transfer,
• Physical impacts by river-morphological changes, caused by improper activities
like heavy sand and gravel extraction in and along river channels,
• Impacts caused by informal or illegal activities like solid waste dumping into or
along the rivers, and
• Combined effects of various improper management activities in and along the
rivers.

6.1.3 Target Year for the Completion of Programmes of Measures

According to the time schedule set by the EU-WFD, the RBMP including improvement
plans should be formulated by the end of 2008 and commenced in 2010. Bulgaria is
paying effort to follow the schedule, however, it may not be an easy task to formulate the
RBMP of the national level.

To start the implementation of programme of measures from 2010, the implementation of

structural measures will require the three steps, “F/S”, “D/D” and “construction”, and
require more than two years for tendering, selection of consultants and constructors.
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When the conditions of lack of implementing organization and lack of experience are
considered, it may be difficult to expect effective preparation activities.

There are many existing sewerage facilities, which need rehabilitation because of poor
maintenance work and superannuation, and also there may be increment of many
unexpected measures to cope with.

Implementation of the proposed River Basin Management Plan by the target year 2015 is
thus deemed difficult, and hence, the target year should be set at 2021 or 2027, years for
every six years review defined by EU-WFD.

6.1.4 Baseline Scenario for the RBMP

According to the Study on the current status of the surface water and groundwater it is
clear that both the surface water and groundwater are heavily affected by the human
activities and the water related facilities have been deteriorated or superannuated. The
targets of the water quality are set as follows:
• To attain good physico-chemical status for surface water (Reference class-I and
II), and
• To attain good ecological status for surface water (Reference class High and
Good).
In order to attain the target, various measures composed of structural and non-structural
measures shall be implemented duly within a limited period. Accordingly a systematic
implementation of various measures for RBMP shall be required for the managing
organization to the target by 2015.

RBMP is necessary to be formulated from integrated water resources management

aspects. The programme of measures in the RBMP shall be required for improving
qualitative, quantitative and river morphological conditions. The River Basin
Management Plan shall be formulated based on the Integrated Water Resources
Management approach. The basic scenario is proposed as follows:
• To improve water quality firstly to attain the good physico-chemical status for
surface water and groundwater, and secondly to attain the ecological status for
surface water and groundwater by 2015,
• To improve water quality by phased expansion of the municipal wastewater
treatment capacities and treatment for nitrogen and phosphorous by new
construction of WWTPs and also by phased rehabilitation of the existing WWTPs
from major towns and settlements in priority zones,
• To renovate the existing sewer networks to reduce the sewage loss to increase the
efficiency of wastewater treatment and also reduce the seepage of sewerage into
the ground to avoid possible groundwater pollution,
• To rehabilitate water supply networks to reduce the high rate of water supply loss
of 60-70%,
• To improve the management and regulation in order to conduct more strong
control of reducing the discharge of untreated or improperly treated wastewaters
from industries, mines and animal breeding farms,

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• To improve facilities required for efficient water use of water use sectors like
domestic water supply networks and irrigation facilities,
• To improve the permission of water intakes and the distribution of water
resources based on the water balance of each river basin,
• To improve the management and regulation in order to conduct more systematic
management for river morphology, river channels, river flows, sediment and also
floods disaster, flood hazard areas, and
• To prepare programme of measures composed of the following components:
i) Water quality improvement and management

ii) Water quantity improvement and management

iii) Management of river morphology

iv) Implementation

6.1.5 Required Management Plans

The surface water and groundwater in the EABD and WABD have been studied. The
programmes of measures for the RBMP are required to be studied. The RBMP requires
programmes of measures:
• To improve the status of chemical and physical conditions,
• To improve the status of quantitative conditions,
• To improve the status of river morphological conditions, and
• To improve the status of prevention of flood disasters and incidental disasters
caused by toxic waste or substances.

The RBMP is to be composed of the following plans:

• Water quality management plan,
• Water quantity management plan,
• Groundwater management plan,
• River management plan, and
• Implementation plan.
Each plan is to be discussed in the following sub-sections.

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6.2 Water Quality Management Plan

6.2.1 Objectives of Water Quality Management Plan

• To attain good status of water in terms of ecology and common physico-chemical
parameters by reducing organic pollutants and nutrients inflow to water bodies.
• To prevent direct discharge of wastewater without treatment (domestic, industrial,
livestock wastewaters) into the surface water bodies and relating groundwater
bodies.
• To reduce pollution loads from industries, livestock and agriculture mainly by
strengthening of regulation.
• To propose programme of structural measures with rough cost estimation.
• To propose implementation plan for the programme of structural measures.
• To propose non-structural measures such as monitoring, improvement of
regulation, etc.

6.2.2 Pollution Loads

(1) Methods of Estimating Pollution Loads

(a) Items of the Pollution Loads Estimation in the River Basins

Reduction of pollution loads from the river basins is only the way for improving
water quality in the rivers and water bodies. The following items of pollution loads
were estimated in the Study.
Domestic pollution loads plus industrial pollution loads, which are discharged into the
sewerage systems (BOD5, TN and TP loads).
Industrial pollution loads, which are discharged directly into the rivers or water bodies
(BOD5, TN and TP loads).
Livestock pollution loads, which are composed of the pollution loads from major
livestock firms as the point sources and other small size livestock firms or livestock
owned by farmers as non-point sources (BOD5, TN and TP loads).
Fertilizer as non-point pollution loads (TN and TP loads).

(b) Domestic Pollution Loads plus Industrial Pollution Loads discharged into
the Sewerage Systems

Domestic pollution loads are generated and discharged from people. Therefore,
population in each settlement and town is the basis for calculation.

The existing Water Supply and Sewerage Companies (WSSs) have contracts with
industries, which discharge their wastewater into the sewerage networks. The WSSs
have obligation to send copies of the above contracts to the Basin Directorates, but
this rule is not followed in many cases.

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Basin Directorates either RIEW have almost no information and data about such
industries (list, contracted amount of water supply, and discharge quantity and
quality of wastewater), which discharge into the sewerage system. Basin
Directorates and RIEW have the information of discharge quantity and quality of
wastewater (although not covering all) at the outlet of sewer pipes or outlet of the
existing urban or municipal WWTPs.

Considering the above situation, the industrial loads, which are discharged into the
sewerage systems, have to be estimated together with the domestic loads based on
the population equivalent (PE). In order to overview and manage the total industrial
loads in the river basins, it is very necessary to know the industrial loads which
discharge into the sewerage systems too.

Applied Ratio of PE / Population

PE size of Town / Settlement Ratio of PE / Population
• 1.5 in principle, or
PE ≥ 10,000
• Ratio in Document A.
• 1.2 in principle, or
2,000 ≤ PE < 10,000
• Ratio in Document A.
500 ≤ PE < 2,000 • 1.2 in principle
PE < 500 • 1.0
Document A: “Implementation Programme for Directive 91/271/EC concerning Urban
Wastewater Treatment” (National Programme for WWTP).

The following table shows the applied unit loads for estimating the domestic loads
and industrial loads, which are discharged into sewerage systems.

Unit Loads for Domestic and Industrial Load discharged into Sewerage Systems
BOD TN TP
Item
(g/day/PE) (g/day/PE) (g/day/PE)
1) Raw: 1pe 60 11 1.8
2) Sewered without treatment 60 11 1.8
3) With primary treatment by the
existing WWTP 35 11 1.8
4) With secondary treatment by
the existing WWTP 10 4 1
5) Without sewerage system 15 3 1
6) With new WWTP including TN
and TP treatment 6 2.5 0.9

(c) Loss of the Existing Sewer Networks

Based on the analysis of the self-monitoring data of some of the existing WWTPs in
EABD and WABD, it can be known that the pollution loads, which flow through the
sewer pipes, are lost, and significant dilution is occurred by infiltration of water from
surrounding ground at the same time.

Percentages of above loss in terms of BOD5 are estimated at least about 40% for the
sewer networks in the Maritsa and Tundzha River Basins, 50% in the Arda River
Basin and 60% in the Struma, Mesta and Dospat River Basins in general.

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The existing monitoring data of RIEWs at the outlet of the existing sewer pipes also
show low concentration of BOD5 in general. This fact supports the above estimation
of the significant pollution loss from the sewer networks. The lost pollutants
contaminate surrounding groundwater. There is a fact that many groundwater wells
have problem of nitrate (NO3) contamination, and this might be caused not only by
fertilizers containing nitrogen, but also by the loss from the sewer networks.

Estimated Loss of Pollution Loads at the Inlet of the Existing WWTPs

PE in 2005 Loss
Inflow Outflow Inflow
(NSI data) Generated of
BOD
BOD Load BOD
WWTP Treated Load to
Discharge BOD5 BOD5 Total By PE Load
PE WWTP
(l/s) (mg/l) (mg/l) PE (kg/day) (%)
(kg/day)
=1-F/G
A B C D E F G H
Kyustendil
210 81.3 6.1 70,688 65,638 1,477 3,938 62
WWTP
Pernik
483 51.4 19.6 121,350 120,168 2,148 7,210 70
WWTP
Radomir
51 53.3 2.5 21,621 19,367 236 1,162 80
WWTP
Sliven
168 445.5 87.2 100,294 100,294 6,483 6,134 -
WWTP
Plovdiv
1,667 125.0 - 666,652 599,987 18,005 35,999 50
WWTP
Nova
Zagora
162 301.4 21.2 58,463 32,388 4,318 1,943 -
WWTP
Data sources: 1) Self monitoring data of the above WWTPs.

Estimated Loss of BOD5 at the Outlet of the Existing Sewer Pipes

Average BOD5 at
% of BOD5 against % of BOD5 against
outlets of sewer
River Basin normal low value of normal value of
pipes
sewage (150 mg/l) sewage (200 mg/l)
(mg/l)
Maritsa River Basin 87 58 % (loss 42%) 44 % (loss 56%)
Tundzha River Basin 114 76 % (loss 24%) 57 % (loss 43%)
Arda River Basin 100 67 % (loss 33%) 50 % (loss 50%)
Struma River Basin 64 43 % (loss 57%) 32 % (loss 68%)
Mesta River Basin 70 47 % (loss 53%) 35 % (loss 65%)
Data sources: 1) Data of EABD and WABD based on the monitoring data of RIEWs.

(d) Industrial Pollution Loads discharged directly into the River or Water
Bodies

Industrial pollution loads, which are directly discharged into the rivers or water
bodies are estimated based on the self monitoring data from such industries,
monitoring data of RIEWs for the emission of the industrial wastewater, and
permission data for the wastewater discharge by the Basin Directorates to the
industries.

For estimating the TN and TP Loads from the industries, “Regulation No. 6 of 9
November 2000 on the Limit Values for Admissible Contents of Dangerous and
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Harmful Substances in the Waste Water Discharged in the Water Bodies” is also
referred.

Tables 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 show the major industries in EABD and WABD, which
discharge their wastewater directly into the rivers or water bodies.

(e) Livestock Pollution Loads

Livestock pollution loads are composed of the pollution loads from major livestock
farms as point sources, and pollution loads from small and medium livestock farms
including small numbers of livestock owned by farmers as non-point livestock
farms.

The data of the major livestock farms are based on the information from National
Veterinary Medical Service. Tables 6.2.3 and 6.2.4 show the major livestock farms
in EABD and WABD.

Numbers of heads of livestock are based on the Agro-statistics of MoAF in 2003,

which was used for estimating the non-point livestock loads. Run-off rate of the
non-point livestock load is set at 5%.

Following table shows the applied unit loads for estimating the livestock loads.

Unit Loads for Livestock

Livestock BOD TN TP
(g/year/head) (g/year/head) (g/year/head)
1) Cattle 230 79 1.4
2) Pig 7.98 4.0 0.75
3) Hens for egg production 0.7 0.4 0.12
4) Slaughter chicken 0.05 0.03 0.002
5) Duck 0.2 0.1 0.006

(f) Fertilizer as Non-point Pollution Loads

As the pollution loads from agriculture, fertilizer as non-point pollution loads are
estimated based on the data of the fertilizer amount by district in Bulgaria, which
were collected from the “National Plant Protection Service”. Run-off coefficient of
10% is applied for the estimation. Unit load of fertilizer is as shown below

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Average Amount of Fertilizer by District and Unit Load

Average Fertilizer Amount
Area Unit Load of Fertilizer
(Year 1999 to 2005)
2
(km ) (kgN/year) (kgP/year) (kgN/y/m2) (kgP/y/m2)
Plovdiv 5,961 7,366,998 234,339 0.00124 0.000039
Burgas 7,741 8,189,752 81,045 0.00106 0.000010
Blagoevgrad 6,458 1,743,346 103,836 0.00027 0.000016
Pazardzhik 4,459 2,350,964 164,106 0.00053 0.000037
Kardzhali 3,210 633,216 1,366 0.00020 0.000000
Kyustendil 3,060 760,438 20,776 0.00025 0.000007
Sofia 7,071 2,093,932 94,665 0.00030 0.000013
Stara Zagora 5,148 7,857,141 141,730 0.00153 0.000028
Haskovo 5,528 4,740,222 75,958 0.00086 0.000014
Smolyan 3,204 1,648,178 209,222 0.00051 0.000065
Sliven 3,542 4,183,851 28,153 0.00118 0.000008
Yambol 3,353 6,222,461 86,337 0.00186 0.000026
Pernik 2,397 710,138 3,531 0.00030 0.000001
Gabrovo 2,022 903,478 17,075 0.00045 0.000008
Veliko 5,961 7,366,998 234,339 0.00124 0.000039
Tarnovo
Plovdiv 7,741 8,189,752 81,045 0.00106 0.000010

(2) Pollution Loads and Pollution Mechanism in EABD

(a) Present Pollution Loads and Pollution Mechanism in EABD

Present BOD loads by NAM catchment in EABD are estimated as shown in Figures
6.2.1 and 6.2.2 shows the BOD loads from unit area (= total BOD load of NAM
catchment / area of NAM catchment). From these figures, it is clear that the area
around Pazardjik, Plovdiv and Stara Zagora are the highest producers of BOD loads,
which followed by the Dimitrovgrad and Haskovo Areas. In the Tundzha River
Basin, Yambol to Elhovo areas is the highest producer of BOD loads. Sliven and
Kazanlak Areas also produce high BOD loads from small areas. For the Arda River
Basin, Kardzhali and Smolyan Areas are the highest producers of BOD loads.

These tendencies of the BOD load distributions coincide with the current pollution
conditions along the Maritsa and Tundzha Rivers, where water quality is generally
poor to moderate conditions from the upstream to the downstream. For the Arda
River, the BOD load distribution also coincides with the tendency of river water
quality, where the tributary along Smolyan Town and the river reach around
Kardzhali Town is in poor condition.

These tendencies of BOD load distribution also coincide with the results of the Risk
Analysis for the Surface Water Bodies made by the EABD Directorate.

In addition to the BOD Loads, Figures 6.2.5 and 6.2.7 show the Present TN and TP
loads in EABD.

(b) Near Future BOD Loads in EABD

There are nine numbers of new WWTPs, which are under-construction. They are
Pazardjik, Dimitrovgrad, Stara Zagora, Haskovo, Karlovo and Koprivshtitsa
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WWTPs in the Maritsa River Basin, and Madan, Rudozem and Zlatograd WWTPs in
the Arda River Basin. All of the new WWTPs can treat up to secondary treatment for
BOD. Stara Zagora and Dimitrovgrad WWTPs have facilities of higher treatment for
treating nitrogen and phosphorous. In Karlovo, construction of the new WWTP has
been started only a part. However, it looks that the budget for the Karlovo WWTP
construction is insufficient.

In addition to the above nine new WWTPs, rehabilitation of the existing Sliven
WWTP including some improvement of sewer networks has been committed by
ISPA, and it is under-tendering. New Smolyan WWTP including some
improvements of sewer networks has also been committed by ISPA, and it has been
already contracted with the contractor in 2007.

Figure 6.2.3 shows the BOD loads in the Near Future Conditions in EABD and
Figure 6.2.4 shows the BOD loads from unit area. By the above under-constructed
and soon constructed WWTPs, BOD loads will be reduced around Pazardjik, Stara
Zagora, Dimitrovgrad, Haskovo, and Smolyan areas. Figure 6.2.6 and Figure 6.2.8
show the TN and TP loads in EABD in the Near Future Condition.

(3) Pollution Loads and Pollution Mechanism in WABD

(a) Present Pollution Loads and Pollution Mechanism in WABD

Present BOD loads by NAM catchment in WABD are estimated as shown in Figure
6.2.9 and 6.2.10 shows the BOD loads from unit area. In terms of BOD load in NAM
catchments, Blagoevgrad area is the highest producer followed by Pernik, Dupnitsa,
Sandanski and Petrich area. In terms of BOD load from unit area, Blagoevgrad,
Sandanski, Gotse Delchev area are the highest density of BOD load, followed by
Pernik, Dupnitsa, Bansko and Razlog area.

These tendencies of the BOD load distributions coincide with the current pollution
conditions along the Struma and Mesta Rivers, and the results of the Risk Analysis
for the Surface Water Bodies made by the WABD office.

Figures 6.2.13 and 6.2.15 show the Present TN and TP loads in WABD.

(b) Near Future Pollution Loads in WABD

There are two numbers of new WWTPs, which are under-construction. They are
Blagoevgrad WWTP in the Struma River Basin and Razlog WWTP in the Mesta
River Basin. These two new WWTPs can treat BOD up to secondary level. Razlog
WWTP, which has almost completed construction by September 2007, has a partial
function of nitrogen reduction.

In addition to the above two new WWTPs, rehabilitation of the existing Kyustendil
WWTP including some improvements of sewer networks has been committed by
ISPA, and it is under-tendering.

Figure 6.2.11 shows the BOD loads in the Near Future Conditions in WABD and
Figure 6.2.12 shows the BOD loads from unit area. By the above under-constructed
and soon renovated WWTPs, BOD loads will be reduced around Blagoevgrad,

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Razlog areas. Figures 6.2.14 and 6.2.16 show the TN and TP loads in WABD in the
Near Future Condition.

(4) Co-relation between Catchment BOD Load and River BOD Load

Co-relation between the accumulated catchment BOD load, which accumulate BOD
load of NAM catchments locating upstream from certain calculation point in the
river, and the river BOD Load in dry season (July to September) is calculated.

Accumulated catchment BOD load = ∑ (BOD load of NAM catchment i)

River BOD load = (BOD concentration in the river: C) x (Average discharge of

river in dry season: Q)

NAM Catchment 1 River Discharge : Q

BOD concentration: C

NAM Catchment 2

Calculation point

Figures 6.2.17 and 6.2.18 show co-relation between the “Accumulated catchment
BOD load” and “River BOD load”. Discharge of the river is based on the MIKE 11
Water Quantity Simulation results. BOD concentration (normal maximum values in
dry season) in the river is based on the monitoring data of ExEA. Followings are the
findings of this analysis.
There are very high co-relation between the “Accumulated catchment BOD load” and
“River BOD load” for the Maritsa, Tundzha, Arda, Stuma and Mesta Rivers in general.
The above high co-relations mean that the BOD loads in the upper catchment areas
reflect the BOD concentration at certain location along the river.
Considering the above fact, in order to improve water quality at certain location in the
river, it is necessary to reduce the accumulated catchment load upstream from that
location.

6.2.3 Structural Measures of the Programme of Measures

(1) Planning Principle

Based on the analysis of the pollution loads in the present and near future conditions as
well as the water quality conditions in the rivers, followings are the procedure of planning
the programme of measures, which is mainly applied for planning the structural measures
for water quality management and improvement.
• BOD load is focused as a key parameter for the reduction of catchment pollution
loads.

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• The current water quality (in terms of BOD, etc.) in the rivers is reflected by the
significant loss from sewer networks (at least 40% in Maritsa and Tundzha River
Basins, 50% in Arda River Basin, and 60% in Struma and Mesta River Basins).
However, the loss should be reduced from now on, which is hopefully up to 10%
in the long time future. This reduction of loss is necessary to stop the pollution of
groundwater by the loss from the sewer networks.
• In case the loss of the sewer networks will be reduced up to 10% and the treatment
conditions of towns and settlements in EABD and WABD areas will be the same
as the Near Future Conditions, the water quality in the river will be much worse
than the present. This assumption is the basis for planning for reducing the
catchment pollution loads as well as for improving future water quality conditions
in the rivers.
• Based on the rough estimation of the required BOD loads in the river basins for
attaining the good status of water in terms of BOD (Class II: target of BOD 3.0
mg/l), the accumulated catchment BOD loads are necessary to be reduced about
50% for Maritsa, Tundzha, Stuma and mid to downstream of Mesta River Basins.
For the Arda River Basin, reduction of BOD load around Kardzhali Town is
required.
• Based on polluter pay principle, reduction of catchment loads shall be shouldered
by domestic, industry, livestock and the other sectors.
• For reducing domestic loads plus industrial loads into sewerage system, new
WWTPs and rehabilitation of the existing WWTPs are planned as the structural
measures.
• For reducing the industrial loads and the major livestock loads, strengthening of
regulations are to be considered as the non-structural measures.
• Based on the distribution of the catchment BOD loads and its loads from unit
areas (load density), high priority zones are identified for reference.
• Considering practical implementation by 2015 or 2021, the towns and settlements
to be treated are selected based on the contribution for reducing the catchment
BOD loads and the above zoning in principle. The target reduction of BOD loads
by the high priority towns are provisionally to be set about 30%. Expert judgments
are also introduced to select some additional high priority towns and settlements.
• For the proposed new and to be renovated WWTPs, higher level of treatment for
reducing nitrogen and phosphorous are included.
• For the proposed high priority towns and settlements, improvement as well as
expansion of the sewer networks are also proposed.
• It is recommendable to consider how to reduce pollution loads from smaller
settlements such as improvement of septic tanks to be sealed septic tank or
individual treatment of houses or some small size WWTP etc. from the
settlements which locate in the high priority zones. In case of improvement of
septic tanks or individual treatment, their sludge should be taken out periodically
and to be treated in the nearby WWTPs or brought to sanitary landfill sites for
temporary solution. Financial support systems are necessary to be considered for

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the improvement of septic tanks and installing individual treatment facilities to

the houses.

(2) High Priority Towns to be Treated in EABD

Considering the impacts to river basin in terms of reduction percentage of BOD Loads
some other consideration to the impacts to the main rivers has been introduced. Figure
6.2.19 shows the selected high priority towns to be treated as well as the reference high
priority zones. The selected high priority towns are shown in the table below. The sewer
networks of these towns are also to be improved including renovation and expansion.

High Priority Towns (22 Towns) for Treatment in EABD Areas

River
Priority Town PE in 2015 WWTP Sewerage Remarks
Basin
I. New WWTPs in the Maritsa River Basin
I-1 Asenovgrad Maritsa 78,054 New Improvement
I-2 Plovdiv Maritsa 681,985 Existing Improvement Only SW
improve.
I-3 Karlovo Maritsa 37,181 New Improvement Under
construction
(only a
part).
Increase
the budget
is required.
I-4 Velingrad Maritsa 28,752 New Improvement
I-5 Peshtera Maritsa 28,691 New Improvement
I-6 Harmanli Maritsa 28,538 New Improvement
I-7 Svilengrad Maritsa 28,050 New Improvement
I-8 Chirpan Maritsa 25,413 New Improvement
I-9 Rakovski Maritsa 23,453 New New
I-10 Panagyurishte Maritsa 23,029 New Improvement
I-11 Parvomay Maritsa 22,200 New Improvement
I-12 Stamboliyski Maritsa 18,068 New Improvement
I-13 Kostenets Maritsa 11,048 New Improvement Most
upstream
town.
II. New WWTPs in the Tundzha River Basin
II-1 Yambol Tundzha 118,971 New Improvement
II-2 Karnobat Tundzha 28,916 New Improvement
II-3 Elhovo Tundzha 16,808 New Improvement
II-4 Kalofer Tundzha 4,229 New Improvement Most
upstream
town.
III. New WWTPs in the Arda River Basin
III-1 Kardzhali Arda 67,346 New Improvement
IV. Renovation of the Existing WWTPs
IV-1 Nova Zagora Maritsa 36,185 Renovation Improvement
IV-2 Radnevo Maritsa 20,691 Renovation Improvement
IV-3 Ihtiman Maritsa 20,234 Renovation Improvement
IV-4 Pavel banya Tundhza 4,407 Renovation Improvement

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(3) High Priority Towns to be Treated in WABD

In the same way as EABD, Figure 6.2.20 shows the selected high priority towns to be
treated as well as the high priority zones for reference. The selected high priority towns
are shown in the table below. The sewer networks of these towns are also to be improved
including renovation and expansion.

High Priority Towns (9 Towns) for Treatment in WABD Areas

River
Priority Town PE in 2015 WWTP Sewerage Remarks
Basin
I. New WWTPs in the Struma River Basin
I-1 Petrich Struma 45,020 New Improvement
I-2 Sandanski Struma 40,358 New Improvement
I-3 Simitli Struma 8,242 New Improvement
II. New WWTPs in the Mesta River Basin
II-1 Gotse Mesta 30,185 New Improvement
Delchev
II-2 Bansko Mesta 11,493 New Improvement
III. New WWTPs in the Dospat River Basin
III-1 Dospat Dospat 3,218 New Improvement Currently,
only
sewage
from the
town flow
in the
river.
IV. Renovation of the Existing WWTPs
IV-1 Pernik Struma 121,350 Renovation Improvement
IV-2 Dupnitsa Struma 55,224 Renovation Improvement
IV-3 Radomir Struma 21,621 Renovation Improvement

(4) High and Medium Priority Towns for EABD and WABD

In order to reduce pollution loads up to around 40%, high and medium priority towns are
also studied. Figures 6.2.21 and 6.2.22 show the high and medium priority towns, where
new WWTPs or renovation of the existing WWTPs as well as improvement or expansion
or new sewer networks are to be constructed. As the numbers of the towns/settlements are
total 56 in EABD, and 20 in WABD. Considering the realistic programme for
constructing the proposed WWTPs, these numbers of the WWTPs may be too heavy for
implementation by 2015 or by 2021. Therefore, these plans can be considered as
reference for the future plans.

(5) Estimated Amount of Reduction Loss by Improvement of Sewer Networks

By improvement of the existing sewer networks, loss of pollutants from the sewer pipes
to the ground will be reduced. This will improve the condition of pollution in the
surrounding groundwater by the loss from the sewer pipes.

It is difficult to estimate the amount of groundwater, which is contaminated by the loss

from the sewer pipes. However, supposing that the NH4 in sewer pipes (about 20 to 25

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mg/l) is leaked out to the ground and contaminate the groundwater, about 20 times
dilution is required to reach 0.5 mg/l of standard permissible level.

Setting the target of loss from the sewer networks to be 10% in the future, Table 6.2.5
shows the estimated amount of reduction of groundwater contamination by the loss from
sewer networks in the high priority towns. In this calculation, dilution is set at 10 times
for conservative calculation. This table also shows the amount of newly treated sewage
by the proposed plans for the high priority towns.

Estimated Amount of Reduction of Polluted Groundwater by Improvement of Sewer

Networks
Amount of polluted Reduction amount of
Basin Amount of Sewage Loss groundwater by the sewage polluted groundwater by
District (m3/year) loss improvement of sewer
(m3/year) pipes (m3/year)
EABD 32,282,000 322,820,000 290,538,000
WABD 13,833,000 138,331,000 124,498,000
Total 46,115,000 461,151,000 415,036,000

(6) Cost Estimation for the Proposed Structural Measures

(a) Construction Cost for WWTPs and Sewer Networks

Data on the construction costs of recently completed WWTPs and under-constructed
WWTPs are collected and analyzed. For the analysis, all the construction costs are
converted to the current price level in the middle of 2007. Based on the analysis, Unit
construction cost of WWTP by PE is estimated. The cost includes the normal secondary
treatment for BOD as well as tertiary treatments for TN and TP load reduction facilities.
Required length and cost of sewer pipes by PE is estimated.
Table 6.2.6 shows the estimated rough construction costs (without VAT) for the new or
rehabilitation of WWTPs and related improvements of sewer networks for the proposed
high priority towns in EABD and WABD areas. Summary of the estimated costs is shown
below:

Estimated Rough Construction Cost for the New and Renovation of WWTPs and
Improvement of Sewer Networks in EABD and WABD Areas
Basin WWTPs Sewer Networks Total
District (in1000 euros) (in 1000 euros) (in 1000 euros)
EABD 206,050 1,628,082 1,834,133
WABD 72,074 536,553 608,627
Total 278,124 2,164,635 2,442,760

(b) Operation and Maintenance Costs for WWTPs and Sewer Networks
Operation and maintenance cost for WWTPs are estimated based on the annual rate of
7.5% to the direct construction cost.
Operation and maintenance costs for sewer networks are estimated based on the annual
rate of 1.5% to the direct construction cost.

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Table 6.2.7 shows the estimated operation and maintenance costs (without VAT) for the
proposed WWTPs and sewer improvements for the high priority towns.

(7) Implementation Plan of the Structural Measures

For implementing the proposed WWTPs and improvement of sewer networks, following
two scenarios are considered.

(a) Optimistic Scenario: All will be implemented from 2012 to the end of
2014

(b) Practical Scenario: Divided into first group and second group.

The first group will be implemented from 2012 to the end of 2014.

The second group will be implemented from 2018 to the end of 2020.

Figure 6.2.23 shows the tentative practical scenario. It can be modified based
on updated information.

6.2.4 Non-Structural Measures of the Programme of Measures

(1) Cooperation with Municipality for Water Quality Management

The coverage area of each Basin Directorate is very wide, number of staff of each Basin
Directorate, however, is very limited between 50 to 60 people. Even with the RIEW,
number of the staff for monitoring and managing the water in the Basin District Area is
very limited. It is thus physically rather difficult to monitor what is happening in the
whole area of the Basin District in every moment. This will delay the actions for
improving the situation. The following are proposed for the proper management.
In order to conduct river basin management for the River Basins more properly and
timely, it is highly recommendable to conduct monitoring for the important or
problematic places such as the key monitoring stations in the river basins under
cooperation from the municipality offices.
Daily patrol with ocular observation is the basic way. Furthermore, it is better to conduct
simple on-site measurement of water such as temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, EC and
others.
If any strange facts such as strange color, floating of many fish, abnormal values of pH,
DO and others can be found by the daily patrol and simple measurement, it should be
reported to the Basin Directorates for immediate actions including more detailed
investigation, regulation to the polluters, etc. as well as warning to the people.
Legislative arrangement is necessary to be made for realizing the cooperation with
municipality offices for water management.

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(2) Strengthening of Regulation for Wastewater Discharge

(a) Monitoring of Industrial Wastewater discharged into Sewerage System

Wastewater discharge into the sewerage system from industries and other private
sectors is controlled and managed by Water Supply and Sewerage Companies
(WSSs), because WSSs have contracts with such industries under the current law.
Furthermore, although the Basin Directorates issue permission for wastewater
discharge into the rivers or water bodies from sewerage systems including discharge
from urban or municipal WWTPs, the Basin Directorates have almost no
information about the wastewater from the industries etc., which discharge into the
sewerage systems. Due to this reason, it is very difficult to grasp the total view of the
pollution loads in the river basin.

As the distribution pollution loads is one of the most important information for
managing or improving water quality, it is very necessary to monitor the wastewater
discharge from industries, etc. into the sewerage systems.

Therefore Water Act and related laws should be revised so that the Basin
Directorates can collect information of the industrial wastewater, which is
discharged into the sewerage systems.

(b) Treatment of Wastewater by Industries and Animal Breeding Farms by

Themselves

Very often, industries discharge harmful substances such as petrol and heavy metals,
which cannot be treated by urban or municipal WWTPs.
It is necessary to strengthen regulation, so that industries and large animal breeding farms
shall treat their wastewater by themselves.
It is not recommendable to include industries into sewerage system, which discharge
harmful substances or huge amount of wastewater.
Furthermore, it should not be allowed that industries or large animal breeding farms to
pay the fines many times, which are imposed to them in case of discharge untreated
wastewater. If industries or large animal breeding farms do not improve the condition of
discharging untreated wastewater by themselves such as installing wastewater treatment
plants for industrial discharge or discharge from large animal breeding farms, Basin
Directorates should not issue discharge permit to those industries or animal breeding
farms.

(3) Strengthening of Individual Wastewater Treatment

Improvement of septic tanks to sealed type or to introduce individual treatment shall be

promoted. Sludge should periodically be extracted and treated. Financial support system
to people shall be necessary for the improvement.

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(4) Reduction in Pollution Load in Agricultural Area

Reduction of pollution load from the agricultural lands by changing farming methods and
technology to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide will be introduced.

6.2.5 Improvement of Surface Monitoring System for Water Quality

(a) New Monitoring Programme for Surface Water

Based on the risk assessment of surface water bodies and groundwater bodies,
MoEW and the Basin Directorates formulated a New Monitoring Programs in March
2007, which is composed of new programmes for surface water monitoring and
groundwater monitoring. This sub-section proposes further improvement for the new
programme for surface water monitoring.

In compliance with the requirements of the EU-WFD, the new programme for
surface water monitoring includes surveillance monitoring (control monitoring) and
operational monitoring. The surveillance monitoring will make overview the
condition of the basin, give idea for efficient monitoring programme, and monitor
long-term changes of the basin. The operational monitoring will monitor the status of
the water bodies at risk, and assess the impact of the programme of measures. Figure
6.2.24 shows the locations of the surveillance and operational monitoring points.

The surveillance monitoring and the operational monitoring will monitor surface
water quality in terms of hydro-biological indicators and physico-chemical
parameters. Hydro-biological indicators to be monitored are Phytoplankton,
Macrophytes, Phytobenthos, Macrozo benthos / Bottom invertebrate, Fishes and
others. Physico-chemical parameters to be monitored are 1st Group (common
parameters such as pH, temperature, DO, BOD5, COD, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, and
PO4-P etc.), 2nd Group (TN, TP, Ca, Mg, hardness etc.), the Group of Priority
substances (33 parameters), and the Group of Specific polluters (organic substances
and heavy metals). Number of parameters to be monitored and frequency of
monitoring differs for the monitoring stations. The number of the monitoring points
is shown in the table below.

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Number of the New Surveillance (Control) Monitoring Points for Surface Water
Basin Directorate River Lake Coastal Water
DRBD 92 41 -
BSBD 26 12 7
EABD 27 5 -
WABD 33 16 -
Sub-Total 178 74 7
Total 259

Number of the New Operational Monitoring Points for Surface Water

Basin Directorate River Lake Coastal Water
DRBD 55 - -
BSBD 32 16 6
EABD 58 4 -
WABD 80 12 -
Sub-Total 225 32 6
Total 263

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(b) Proposals for Improvement

(i) Setting Key Monitoring Stations to Ensure Stable Monitoring

Total number of the monitoring points of the New Surface Water Monitoring
Programme in the country is 522 points, which is slightly more than the number
of the points of the existing surface water monitoring of ExEA. However, the
parameters to be monitored are very much increased and their frequency for
monitoring is also rather high (ex. 12 times per year for the priority substances
for surveillance monitoring for one year at least). Furthermore, Bulgaria has no
enough experience for measuring many items of the priority substances.

Considering this situation, it is recommendable to set Key Monitoring Stations

as well as Important Monitoring Stations among the surveillance monitoring
points to ensure stable monitoring and to overview the water quality conditions
of the river basins. Furthermore, at these Key stations, it is necessary to measure
the water quantity as well. In order to conduct this kind of permanent
monitoring at the Key Monitoring Stations, the Basin Directorates are necessary
to establish their own monitoring stations both for water quality and water
quantity. Figure 6.2.25 shows the proposed Key Monitoring Zones as well as
Important Monitoring Zones in EABD and WABD by the Study, where the Key
Monitoring Stations and Important Monitoring Stations are recommendable to
be set within these zones.

Proposed Key Monitoring Zones and Important Monitoring Zones in EABD and WABD
Key/Important Monitoring
EABD WABD Monitoring
Zones
Daily ocular observation and
Key Monitoring Zone 12 places 7 places simple on-site measurement.
Monthly sampling and analysis.
Weekly ocular observation and
Important Monitoring Zone 10 places 4 places simple on-site measurement.
Monthly sampling and analysis.
Total 22 places 11 places

If Key Monitoring Zones and Important Monitoring Zones will be set in DRBD
and BSBD area as well, order of the Key Monitoring Zones in the country will
be around 50 places and Important Monitoring Zones will be around 25 places.

It is recommendable to start monitoring in the above Key and Important

Monitoring Zones under cooperation from some of the municipalities as the
pilot cases, and will be extended to all over the Basin District Areas.

Furthermore, the results of the monitoring at the Key Monitoring Zones and
Important Monitoring Zones will be reported to EU instead of above 259
surveillance stations.

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(ii) Capacity Building and Stage-wise Implementation of the New Monitoring

Programme

The new monitoring programme for surface water includes several

hydro-bilogical indicators. As the existing hydro-biological monitoring is
mainly based on the macrozo benthos / bottom invertebrate, there are not so
much experience and experts for other indicators. Furthermore, the new
monitoring programme requires for measuring many priority substances, which
are also new for Bulgaria.

Therefore, it is necessary to consider the way of developing human resources to

conduct these measurements, and consider stage-wise implementation of the
new monitoring programme, so that all of the required indicators and
parameters by EU-WFD can be measured properly with sufficient accuracy.

(iii) Quality Control Programme to be formulated and implemented

In terms of physico-chemical measurement, the existing data such as BOD5,

CODMn, and heavy metals seem to be unreliable in many cases. Therefore, it is
very necessary to formulate quality control programme for sampling and
laboratory analysis. As many priority substances are required to be measured,
quality control is also important. It is recommendable to include followings in
the quality control programme.
• Central laboratory in ExEA shall formulate quality control teams with
qualified experts.
• In order to check the quality of the sampling and analysis by different
laboratories, conduct inter-calibrations (analyze the same sample by
different laboratories at the same time). In this case, the central laboratory
(ExEA) should coordinate the checking activity.
• Send samples to the reliable laboratories of other countries and compare the
test results made by the laboratories in Bulgaria (heavy metals and priority
substances, etc.)
• The quality control team of the central laboratory shall periodically go
around the regional laboratories in the country for checking the results of
analysis, and make guidance and training to the staff of the regional
laboratories.

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6.3 Water Quantity Management Plan

6.3.1 Programme of Measures for Water Supply Improvement

(1) Direction of Structural Measures

Direction of structural measures is the improvement of water supply pipes to reduce water
loss, mainly for asbestos cement and steel pipes.

(2) Necessary Length of Pipes to be improved in Bulgaria and Rough Cost

Estimation

The existing asbestos cement pipes and the steel pipes are necessary to be replaced for
reducing the loss of water from the pipes. For a reference, Table 6.3.1 shows the
necessary length of pipes to be replaced together with rough cost estimation for all over
Bulgaria. To estimate the cost, information of length of pipes with their composition of
pipe diameter for different population size of towns were collected and analyzed. Based
on this analysis and unit price of pipe, unit construction cost for water supply pipes are
estimated, and applied for estimating the construction cost.

(3) Necessary Length of Pipes to be improved for Some Sample Municipalities in

EABD and WABD and Rough Cost Estimation

In order to study feasibility for improving water supply pipe networks, based on the
limited answers to the questionnaire to WSSs in EABD and WABD to JICA Study Team
by August 2007, some sample municipalities are selected for further analysis. They are
Haskovo, Yambol and Kardhali in EABD and Kyustendil in WABD.

The following table shows the estimated cost for the improvement of the water supply
pipes in these 4 municipalities. Total estimated cost of improvement for these
municipalities will be 325.84 million euros.

Economic feasibility has finally been conducted for each WSS as presented in Table 6.3.1
applying the same rule for the benefit calculation as shown in the next page as “Water
Loss Reduction by the Improvement of Water Supply Networks of 4 Sample
Municipalities”.

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Improvement of Water Supply Networks of 4 Sample Municipalities

Existing Pipes for Water Supply
Related Served Informat.
Asbestos PVC +
No. Municipality WSS Co. Owner Basin populat. by Steel Cast iron Other Total length Necessary
cement HDPE
District WS Improve.
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1 Haskovo Haskovo State EABD 98,697 461,171 156,429 627 3,702 621,929 12,610
2 Yambol Yambol State EABD 79,235 136,745 59,450 5,962 12,246 214,403
State &
3 Kardzhali Kardzhali Municp. EABD 64,847 231,858 24,786 0 21,301 22,549 300,494 166,000
State &
4 Kyustendil Kyustendil Municp. WABD 66,298 669,409 172,903 12,212 19,553 113,074 987,151
Total 309,077 1,499,183 413,568 12,212 47,443 151,571 2,123,977

Estimated Necessary Improvement of WS Pipes

Replace-ment
Related Engineering Administratio Physical
Length of
No. Municipality WSS Co. Owner Basin Unit Cost Direct Cost (A) Cost (5% of n Cost (5 % Contingency Total Cost
Pipe
District A) of A) (10% of A)
(AS+ST)
(m) (EUR / m) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR)
1 Haskovo Haskovo State EABD 617,600 160 98,816,000 4,940,800 4,940,800 9,881,600 118,579,200
2 Yambol Yambol State EABD 196,195 160 31,391,200 1,569,560 1,569,560 3,139,120 37,669,440
State &
3 Kardzhali Kardzhali Municp. EABD 256,644 150 38,542,437 1,927,122 1,927,122 3,854,244 46,250,924
State &
4 Kyustendil Kyustendil Municp. WABD 842,312 151 127,474,993 6,373,750 6,373,750 12,747,499 152,969,991
Total 1,912,751 622 296,224,629 14,811,231 14,811,231 29,622,463 355,469,555

Note: Estimated cost is without VAT.

Data Source:
1) Answer to the questionnaires to the WSS Companies in EABD and WABD areas by the end of August 2007, which have been received by this Study.

The following table shows possible reduction of water supply loss by the above
improvement. In this calculation, per-capita water consumption is supposed to be 220
l/day/person in the future condition. By the improvement, about 22 million m3 per year of
water can be saved in these 4 municipalities.

Water Loss Reduction by the Improvement of Water Supply Networks of 4 Sample

Municipalities
Necessary Necessary Remarks
Supplied Supplied
Difference of
Related Served Water with Water with
Water Demand Necessary Current
No. Municipality WSS Co. Owner Basin populat. by current improved
Supplied Water Supplied Water
District WS physical loss physical loss
(50%) (10%)
(m3/day) (m3/year) (m3/year) (m3/year) (m3/year) (m3/year)
1 Haskovo Haskovo State EABD 98,697 21,713 7,925,369 15,850,738 8,805,966 7,044,773 10,320,000
2 Yambol Yambol State EABD 79,235 17,432 6,362,571 12,725,141 7,069,523 5,655,618 14,432,000
State &
3 Kardzhali Kardzhali Municp. EABD 64,847 14,266 5,207,214 10,414,428 5,785,793 4,628,635 5,148,000
State &
4 Kyustendil Kyustendil Municp. WABD 66,298 14,586 5,323,729 10,647,459 5,915,255 4,732,204 2,062,000
Total 309,077 67,997 24,818,883 49,637,766 27,576,537 22,061,229 31,962,000
Note 1) Per-capita water demand in the future is supposed to be 220 l/day.
2) Served population by watter supply in 2015 is supposed to be same as the current served population.

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6.3.2 Programme of Measures for Irrigation Facility Improvement

(1) Introduction

The agricultural lands cover about a half of the country and the agriculture is one of the
fundamental sectors in the country. The stability of agricultural production will be the
basis for sustainable development of the rural areas. The irrigation facilities are basic
infrastructure for stable agricultural production. The country had developed about 1.2
million ha during the old order by 1980s, however, currently the potential irrigation area
is about 500,000 ha, of which irrigation systems are owned by the government and
managed by Irrigation Systems Co. (IS).

In 1980s the irrigation area covered over 1.0 million ha and used water resources, as
much as 3.5 billion m³/year, but in the new order, the agricultural sectors has not rebuilt
yet. The current utilized irrigation areas are estimated at a level of 20,000 ha to 30,000 ha
with the water at 100 to 200 million m³/year.

The irrigation systems and facilities are deteriorated and reported having large water
losses over 60-70% because of poor maintenance. The existing irrigation systems were
designed only for the original scale of irrigation, but not for small scale or controlled
irrigation. The current water loss is by far larger than the reported volume. The irrigation
area and water are supposed to be increased in future and the existing irrigation systems
should be improved in order to provide irrigation water properly to the demand areas and
to reduce the loss in the system.

(2) Direction of Improvement

(a) Structural Measures

Improvement of irrigation facilities aims to provide irrigation area with the optimum
water volume and to make efficient water use including reduction of water loss.

Basic concepts for improvement are as follows:

• The existing irrigation systems are deteriorated with high water loss over
60-70%, and need rehabilitation in order to utilize the systems.
• Although real water consumption is small, water abstraction seems by far
larger due to water loss and poor intake facilities and distribution facilities
(gate and canal).
• It will be necessary for the region to renovate the irrigation system
considering the efficient water use based on the current and future demands
of irrigation water.
• Irrigation improvement will be one of the key improvements for sustainable
water use and also for the sustainable development of agriculture and
regional development based on the efficient water abstraction and use.

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(b) Non-structural measures

For water quantity management and improvement purposes necessary measures are
as follows:
• To review and improve the current water use permissions to conduct
optimum water intake and use, and also the water transfer to the other river
basins,
• To conduct monitoring the volume at water intakes by installing
measurement devices by water users for intake sides as well as Basin
Directorate at key locations in the rivers,
• To improve the quality of data required for water quantity management,
including collaboration with National Institute for Meteorology and
Hydrology (NIMH) as well as other relevant institutes, and
• To establish a system for a good coordination among RBDs, MoAF and
related municipalities for implementation of the proposed project.

(3) Objectives for Irrigation Water Improvement

The objectives for irrigation water improvement are:

• to use water resources efficiently, and
• to supply irrigation water in response to the demand by improving irrigation
facilities and reducing a high level of loss in the irrigation systems.

(4) Management Organization

Irrigation System Co. (IS), which is 100% owned by the MoAF manages all the state
owned facilities (water reservoirs, canals, pumping stations and compensating basins).
The company has 21 regional branches, of which 12 branches are located in
EABD/WABD. They are as follows:
• EABD: Sliven, Yambol, Stara Zagora, Haskovo, Plovdiv, Pazardijik, Sofia.
• WABD: Pernik, Dupnitsa, Gotse delchev and Sandanski.
The location of each irrigation branch is shown in Figures 6.3.1 and 6.3.2. The irrigation
branches and proposed improvement area are 316,468.6 ha in EABD and 50,738.3 ha in
WABD as shown in the following tables.

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Irrigation Branches and Potential Areas in EABD

Irrigation Potential area Area fit for irrigation Number of
Branch (ha) (ha) Irrigation systems
1 Burgas 3,246.7 2,863.4 2
2 Haskovo 48,338.6 29,154.2 47
3 Pazardzhik 57,799.0 26,181.3 6
4 Plovdiv 106,116.3 72,041.0 15
5 Sliven 33,116.8 25,698.3 1
6 Sofia 3,901.3 3,901.3 1
7 Stara Zagora 38,515.6 36,004.7 6
8 Yambol 25,434.3 23,197.2 4
Sub total 316,468.6 219,041.4 82

Irrigation Branches and Potential Areas in WABD

Irrigation Potential area Area fit for irrigation Number of
Branch (ha) (ha) Irrigation systems
1 Dupnitsa 13,581.7 11,487.0 6
2 Gotse Delcev 8,201.0 5,950.8 3
3 Pernik 14,864.6 13,258.1 23
4 Sandanski 14,091.0 12,780.8 9
Sub Total 50,738.3 43,476.7 41

Some of the former state and cooperative property are managed and maintained by the
established 74 Irrigation Associations registered in Bulgaria, 32 associations are located
in WABD/EABD

The overall coordination and supervision of the management and maintenance is carried
out by the Executive Agency of Irrigation and Drainage of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry. This agency carries out all activities related to planning, management and
control of the irrigation and drainage systems throughout the country.

(5) Improvement of Existing Irrigation Systems in EABD and WABD

The existing systems are required to be improved with their facilities including
construction of new intake structures, rehabilitation of intake structures, distribution
structures, etc. The detailed data of facilities for improvement, the cost estimation are
shown in Tables 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. The total costs estimated for the improvement are
shown as follows:
EABD
• A total of 8 irrigation branches composed of 82 irrigation systems with
total irrigation area at 316,468.6 ha
• Total project cost: 230.7 million euros

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WABD
• A total of 4 irrigation branches composed of 41 irrigation systems with
total irrigation area at 50,738.3 ha
• Total project cost: 42.0 million euros
It should be noted that the total costs shown here are composed of construction cost,
administration cost (5% of construction cost), engineering service cost (10% of
construction cost) and physical contingency cost (10% of construction cost).

(6) Priority Irrigation System for Improvement

The irrigation systems are classified into three groups considering the assumed
improvement of water use efficiency and also expected development effects, and the first
group is selected as the priority group for early implementation. The priority irrigation
systems are listed as follows:

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First Group for Implementation

EABD: A total of 2 irrigation branches composed of 5 irrigation systems with total

irrigation areas at 94,948.0 ha.
EABD
Irrigation Branch Irrigation System
Topolnitsa
1. Provdiv
Stryama-Chirpan
Topolnitsa
2. Pazardzhik Aleko pazardzhik
Karabunar
WABD: A total of 4 irrigation branches composed of 22 irrigation systems with
total irrigation areas at 17,730.6 ha.
WABD
Irrigation Branch Irrigation System
1. Pernik Kjustendil composed of 18 small systems
Sandanska Bistritsa
2. Sandanski Mendovo-Karvrakirovo
Strumeshnitsa
3. Gotse Delcev Gotse Delchev

Total construction cost of the priority group is as follows:

EABD: 84 million euros
WABD: 20 million euros

The total costs shown here are also composed of construction cost, administration cost
(5% of construction cost), engineering service cost (10% of construction cost) and
physical contingency cost (10% of construction cost).

Second Group for Implementation

EABD: A total of 5 branches composed of 7 irrigation systems with total irrigation

areas at 106,030.0 ha

WABD: A total of 1 branch composed of 10 irrigation systems with total irrigation

areas at 20,237.1 ha.

Total project costs:

EABD: 83.2 million euros

WABD: 14.4 million euros

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Third Group for Implementation

EABD: A total of 8 irrigation branches composed of 70 irrigation systems with

total irrigation areas at 115,490.6 ha.

WABD: A total of 4 branches composed of 9 irrigation systems with total irrigation

areas at 12,770.6 ha.

Total project cost:

EABD: 63.1 million euros

WABD: 7.2 million euros

Implementation plan of the improvement measure for implementing the proposed

improvement of irrigation systems the implementation plan are as follows:

Implementing agency:
• Leading implementing agency shall be MoAF, and cooperating
organizations shall be composed of RBD and the related municipalities,
considering effective water use and sustainable regional development.
• In order to improve the irrigation systems for promoting the sustainable
regional development it is necessary for the implementing agency to
conduct the study on required extension services and marketing systems
for the region and also the analysis on the role of the reservoirs in the
annual water use.

Implementation:
• First group shall be improved in structural measures as a pilot project by
2015 and activities for water management and regional development shall
be started.
• Second and Third groups shall be prepared for the implementation by
2015 and improved in structural measures by 2021 and activities for water
management and regional development shall be started.

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6.4 Preliminary Programme of Measures for Groundwater Management

(Directions)

6.4.1 Introduction

In this sub-section, preliminary programme of measures for groundwater management is

proposed in the sense of directions for improvement and management of the groundwater.
Furthermore, some recommendations are also presented for the New Monitoring Plan for
groundwater, which was formulated by MoEW and the RBDs in March 2007.

6.4.2 Directions for Groundwater Management (Some Recommendations)

(1) General Recommendations

Some general problems exist that hamper real work:

• The inter-institutional interaction and cooperation are not sufficient and efficient
in some cases. This hampers effective work in the domain of the environment
protection.
• Access to data is rather difficult and costly (e.g. the geological record office
“Geofond” at MoEW).
• Young people are low motivated to be employed in Laboratories and Institutes.
Maybe the only positive example of free data access in Internet is “General Master Plans
for Utilization of the Water Resources in Bulgaria”, 2000 available in web-page
(http://www.bluelink.net/water/) prepared jointly by NGO “ECOSOUTHWEST” with
assistance of MoEW and Institute of Water Problems at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Public accessibility of data was realized thanks to assistance of the Bluelink electronic
network.

(a) General Recommendations

To improve inter-institutional interaction and cooperation, to ameliorate data exchange,
to set information networks where appropriate.
To make easier access to available reports, data, publications, etc. This will facilitate
competence development of the staff in RBDs, institutes, universities and private
companies, and contribute to timely solving of pressing problems.
To find ways for motivation of personnel and attracting of young people in RBDs.
To find forms for proper education of young staff in RBDs – balance between Bulgarian
traditions and new European practice. Involvement of retired specialists in some
activities is desirable under appropriate form.
Special attention should be paid to protect groundwater resources, control the protection
of water supply wells and to work on abandonment for unused wells.
Abandoned mine sites inventory and cleanup programme for investigation and
remediation are necessary.

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(b) Recommendations related to Providing Data for GW Models

Different groundwater related problems might arise, both regional and local.

Groundwater modeling is a powerful tool for solving a variety of groundwater

problems concerning groundwater flow, resources and contamination. Data
acquisition is important in initial phase for preceding modelling.

Before the proper application, the model should be calibrated. Different data are
necessary both for calibration of the model and for forecasts based on GW modeling:
• Right GW abstraction volume for water supply wells, including its
variability,
• Data on GWL drawdown both in observational and water supply wells,
• GWL in monitoring stations expressed in altitudes a.s.l. Exact altitude of
the measuring (reference) point is necessary,
• Water stage in rivers (expressed in altitudes a.s.l.),
• Spring discharge (if applicable), along with its inherent variability,
• River discharge, especially during low flows, and
• GW quality parameters.
To expedite preparatory work for the model, many data should be obtained. Data that
are not registered on time are lost, and hence correct and comprehensive
documentation are necessary.

In general, good documentation concerning different groundwater use aspects is

necessary. If possible, different databases should be made.

(2) Specific Recommendations for EABD

Main ore mining sites are concentrated in EABD. There are old tailings that present
threat to ecological safety.
Database and GIS-map of old pollutions, especially tailings, is necessary. Abandoned
mine sites inventory and cleanup programme for remediation are especially important for
EABD. There are cases of low quality rehabilitation of mining areas. An appropriate
cleanup programme will improve water quality and enhance public safety.
The problem with arsenic in drinking waters in Poibrene village is not yet solved. It is
situated downstream from mining area; pollution from old tailing may occur from that
point. It is a hot spot problem and necessary to assist the WSS in solving this problem.
To apply good agricultural practices to reduce nitrate content in the region of Stara
Zagora.
To plan regional model of the groundwater flow in the region of Yambol-Elhovo area.

(3) Specific Recommendations for WABD

To pay special attention to quantitative monitoring of Blagoevgrad GWB – “At risk”.
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Groundwater research and modeling should be planned to re-assess groundwater

resources of this groundwater body.
To use existing data on chemical composition from reports (for assessment of specific
natural GW quality in mountain regions impacted by ore mineralization – for reference) –
for the Upper Struma region. Establishment of database is necessary.
To control carefully groundwater abstractions in the region of the winter resort Bansko.

6.4.3 Some Recommendations for the New Monitoring Plan

(1) New Groundwater Monitoring Plans for River Basin Managements

The New Groundwater Monitoring Plans for River Basin Managements have been
developed in implementation of the requirements of the WFD. The number of monitoring
sites to be reported in EU is presented in the Table for different River Basins.

Number of Monitoring Sites from the New Monitoring Programmes

Monitoring
EABD WABD Danube BD BSBD
network
Surveillance 38 33 49 66
Operational 12 - 21 37
Quantitative 41 34 86 63

Quantitative network is planned most usually with frequency of four, sometimes 12 times
per year, and encompasses monitoring of the next parameters:
• Groundwater levels in boreholes or wells,
• Spring flows, and
• Discharge from artesian wells and drains.
There are cases of multiple uses of monitoring sites for different networks.

Operational monitoring is planned for all groundwater bodies “At risk” along with
groundwater bodies “At risk” with low confidence in the risk assessment, for which
additional information is necessary (see table below).

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GWBs at Risk and Operational Monitoring

Number of GWBs EABD WABD Danube BD BSBD
‘At risk’ 4 - 21 3
‘At risk’ with low confidence in
3 - - 7
the risk assessment
Total ‘At risk’ 7 - 21 10
With operational monitoring
7 - 21 10
planned
No groundwater bodies “At risk” have been identified in WABD. On the one hand, there
are only sparse monitoring data about pollutants in groundwater, and the pressure is lower
compared to the other river basins. As a result, no operational monitoring has been
planned up to now in WABD.

RBDs report almost total coverage of GWBs with GW monitoring networks. Because of
their importance for national or regional development, large regional groundwater
systems have received a higher priority than local-scale systems. Networks do not cover
only GWBs with local importance and low pressure. They are usually difficult of access
and with low population density.

New Groundwater Monitoring Plans are presented on Figures 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.

The proposed monitoring frequencies for surveillance monitoring are usually four times
yearly for the basic physico-chemical indicators, and rarely for specific pollutants. This
monitoring has an intention to conduct only one year within the operation of the River
Basin Plan. For operational monitoring, they are usually one to four times yearly for the
specific indicators, which present a real threat. Many of sampling points from
surveillance and operative monitoring refer to the groundwater for drinking purpose.

(2) Recommendations for Improvement of the Groundwater Monitoring

(a) Evaluation of the Proposed New Monitoring Programmes

The proposed groundwater monitoring programmes by EABD and WABD are very
ambitious. Its overview shows some weaknesses and obstacles, some of them are
foreseen by the RBDs. The difficulties marked by RBDs are as follows:
• Possible cooperation with NIMH and WSSs has no legal basis – no
agreements signed between MoEW and NIMH and WSSs.
• Laboratories have low human resource to respond to increasing tasks due to
insufficient staff. Several vacancies are in laboratories in Blagoevgrad and
Sofia.

In our opinion, additional problems are:

• Technical infrastructure for GW quantity measurements is lacking,
• Need for trained technical staff, and
• Need of hydrogeological work that requires involvement of experienced
staff.

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The staff of the RBDs has made preliminary agreement of the owners of private
wells concerning access for the monitoring purposes. Later clear arrangements
should be made with them.

At present, the proposed groundwater monitoring programmes do not fully

correspond to the existing capacity of RBDs. Here general recommendations are
presented, which are related to the improvement of GW monitoring.

(b) General Recommendations

• RBDs are institutions engaged in GW monitoring. To fulfill this task,
capacity building is the most important prerequisite. Monitoring requires
knowledge and experience. There is a need of experienced hydrogeologists,
dealing with groundwater issues, involved in planning and implementation
of GW monitoring. On the other hand, technical staff is necessary, which
should be well trained.
• Analysis of institutional setting is necessary. RBDs are institutions having
the responsibility and mandates for groundwater monitoring. Possible
involvement of other institutions (NIMH, WSSs or other) through
delegated tasks to them should be considered. Roles and administrative
responsibilities should be cleared.
• To furnish GW monitoring handbook (for quantitative monitoring) that
documents procedures, which must be followed to ensure good quality and
integrity of the data collected.

(c) Some Practical Recommendations

• Gradual growth of the monitoring network from low profile to the right
level of groundwater monitoring, always adjusted to the needs.
• To begin with small number of points.
• To carefully plan tasks.
• To provide for high standard and full documentation concerning
implementation of the monitoring programme.

Important aspects of GW monitoring are presented below. Groundwater monitoring

programmes should be developed based on inventory of data needs and specification
of the objectives. Here some of the possible objectives are presented:
• Characterization of the groundwater system(s),
• Identification of possible trends in relation to groundwater use,
• Estimation of the potential for further groundwater development,
• Provision of historical and reference values for detailed investigations,
• Meeting the requirements of the WFD, and
• Early warning system for GW related problems.

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GW monitoring programmes have been developed taking into account specific data
needs and are based on conceptual model for HG systems. The data needs are often
related to possible or identified GW related problems. Evidently, additional work is
necessary.
• Need of additional preparatory work
• List of (main) stakeholders.
• Inventory of data needs - what data for what needs, for what
stakeholders.
• To set priorities of data needs.
• To set priorities of monitoring points.
• Inventory of available wells with compiled fact sheets (information
passports/sheets).
• Need of thorough hydrogeological work
• Preparation of conceptual model for HG systems. To a large extent,
the conceptual model represents a statement by the professional
hydrogeologist on how the groundwater system being studied
“works”.
• Analysis of the available data for GW quantity and quality.
• Synthetic representation of the above mentioned aspects (maps,
cross-sections, tables, graphs, problem statement).
• Preparation of options for GW monitoring. Good practice says that
groundwater monitoring programmes should be adopted based on
considering and weighting different options.

This work may be done in parallel with implementation of the first stage of the
monitoring programme.

(d) Recommendations for Three Specific Cases

• For unconfined aquifers that are subject to diffuse pollution from the land
surface, a reference monitoring point should exist within non-impacted
zones (i.e. forests, protected areas) for comparative assessments.
• To prioritize the monitoring points, it is worthwhile to assess whether the
measured value is a limiting factor for GW management or not.
• For alluvial aquifers along rivers, GW levels are usually close to the water
stage in the river. In this case, an option of complex monitoring including
surface and GW has to be considered. High accuracy of topographic
measurements is necessary.

Documentation of groundwater monitoring is an important aspect. Examples of

standard forms may be found in Annex E (Guideline, 2006), and are enumerated
below. A proper monitoring programme should encompass:

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• A monitoring handbook that documents procedures which must be

followed to ensure good quality and integrity of the data collected,
• A monitoring station file of each well that contains all important
information, and
• A field report form sheet that must be filled out upon arrival at the site and
contains all relevant information about the fieldwork conducted.

(e) Conclusion

Establishing of appropriate GW monitoring network is a gradual and iterative

process. Good idea is to apply a phased start of the GW monitoring programme.
Such approach will allow for more gradual investments and means prioritizing
monitoring efforts.

Our proposal is to prepare GW monitoring programme for the period up to

1.VII.2008, and to continue work for the next period. Much preparatory work should
be done to propose a good and feasible monitoring programme.

The design of GW monitoring starts with defining of objectives. In our opinion, the
main objective should be: “Groundwater monitoring integrated in water resources
management and environmental protection”. That is why it is important to know
specific data needs. State of the art presumes the design of the GW monitoring
network to be based on conceptual model of the hydrogeological system. On the
other hand, the monitoring programme has to be feasible. Different examples of
approaches used in designing GW monitoring in Europe may be useful.

(f) General Recommendation for the New Groundwater Monitoring Plan

• To prioritise monitoring efforts based on specific data needs.
• To reconsider feasibility of the plans.
• To revise fact sheets of sites in respect of their long-term use in the
networks.
• To reconsider involvement of other institutions through delegated tasks to
them.

(g) Some Recommendations for the New Groundwater Monitoring Plans of

EABD and WABD:
• To reconsider the new plan for quantitative monitoring – who will measure
and data flow.
• To pay special attention to quantitative monitoring of Blagoevgrad GWB -
“At risk”.
• To use existing data on chemical composition from reports (for assessment
of specific natural GW quality in mountain regions impacted by ore
mineralization – for reference) – for Upper Struma region, for example.
• Special attention to the region of the winter resort Bansko (WABD) and
related impacts.
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6.5 River Management

6.5.1 Introduction

There are non-pollution pressures such as water abstraction, water flow regulation and
morphological changes have a major impact on water body quality. These pressures are
often caused by improper human activities, and should be reduced by the proper river
management. Also there are pressures from flood disasters, of which pressures and
impacts should be assessed and preventive measures should be prepared in order to
reduce the risks of flood disasters.

As for the river management, there are many agencies and organizations along the river
and they have been conducting the management activities ad hoc manners within their
responsibilities and authorities, without considering about the effects to the upper and
lower reaches from river engineering aspects.

In the country the river course is owned partly by the government and partly by
municipalities, MoAF and others including private sectors. Accordingly the
responsibility and authority for management of the river reach and river facilities are
divided into many segments and facilities due to their ownerships of them. Figure 6.5.1
shows the ownership and maintenance responsibility of dykes in Bulgaria. The River
Basin Directorates are difficult to control the improper activities along rivers to reduce
the adverse impacts because of their lacking responsibilities and authorities in managing
the river course and morphology. Improvement of river management is to strengthen the
RBD to conduct a better management of the river basin. For river basin management
purposes it is necessary for the RBD to be a dominant managing agency for the river basin
from technical aspects.

6.5.2 River Morphology Management

In the study area the river morphology is the product of water use and the other economic
activities. The rivers are not so intensively used, though there are dams for power
generation, intakes for irrigations and dikes for flood protection. However, major
problems caused by human activities are the intensive and extensive sand and gravel
extractions in and along rivers, which are affecting the river courses and river flows, by
causing instability of river courses and eroding of river beds and banks, also scoring the
foundation of structures and flood dykes.

There are identified many improper activities as well as the sand and gravel extraction
activities, development works and solid waste dumping into rivers. In order to reduce
pressures and impacts caused by human activities, the direction of required programme of
measures for river management is proposed as follows:
• To regulate sand/gravel extraction more strictly, so that the river channel and
surrounding flood plain areas have not unstable conditions,
• To control any illegal activities or improper activities along the river, including
solid waste dumping and land development,

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• To conduct a study on “ River Maintenance Plan for Floods Control and Sediment
Yield ” for the basis of prevention of flood damages and control sand and gravel
extraction, and
• To conduct study on pressures and impacts caused by priority substances, heavy
metals and closed mines to protect people from the possible hazard caused by
toxic materials.

6.5.3 Floods and Prevention Measures

(1) Responsible Organization

The new European Flood Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of
the flood risk has been in force from November 2007 for all members of the EU.

The government enacted legislation “Disaster Protection Act” against natural disasters in
response to the critical situation caused by the floods of 2005, and created “the Ministry
of State Policy for Disasters and Accidents (MoSPDA).

The Minister develops, coordinates, and supervises the implementation of the state policy
for prevention of disasters and accidents, and also the Minister manages the
implementation of the state policy of taking control of and recovering from the impact of
disasters and accidents.

As for the emergency measures MoSPDA as the successor of the Civil Defense shall
organize and discharge on the basis of regional plans for performance of rescue and
emergency repair and recovery works. Ministries, district governor’s offices,
Municipalities and Basin Directorates have already had their emergency units for
emergency responses. However, preventive measures should be prepared urgently.

(2) Direction of Required Measures

Preparedness against floods is very important to reduce damages caused by floods. The
prevention measures are also composed of structural and non-structural measures. There
is numerous flood protection dykes constructed by MoAF and municipalities etc., but still
no flood warning system has not established yet, though some international studies are on
going in EABD.

For establish flood warning systems directions of the required measures to be conducted
are as follows:
• It is necessary for MoEW, EABD and WABD to conduct a basic technical study
for formulation of flood disaster prevention plan as the river basin managing
organization.
• It is necessary for MoEW, EABD and WABD to conduct technical assist to
MoSPDA and municipalities to protect people in flood hazard areas from flood
damages.
• Based on the basic study it is necessary for EABD and WABD to install automatic
rainfall stations and river stages required for implementation of the flood
prevention plans. In establishment of observation networks it is better to
collaborate with NIMH.
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• Based on the basic study it is necessary for MoEW, EABD and WABD to assess
the existing flood protection facilities and to prepare improvement plan of them.

(3) Prevention Measures against Floods

For disaster prevention measures it is necessary for EABD and WABD to conduct:
• To establish warning systems for floods and incidental pollutions, and
• To assess the existing flood prevention facilities and conduct remedial works if
necessary. There are many existing flood prevention dykes required remedial
works.

For formulation of flood warning systems basic information is as follows:

• Identification of flood areas in the past,
• Preparation of flood maps based on the past flood events,
• Analysis of the hydrological data, which caused floods in the past,
• Assumption of possible flood areas by the design flood events,
• Establishment of flood warning system composed of observation systems and
information system among related organizations, municipalities and communities,
EABD, WABD, MoEW and MoSPDA, and
• Enhancement of public awareness for disasters caused by flood events.
(4) Measure against Incidental Pollution

There may be various possible risk areas from incidental pollution. As well as for floods
an early warning for risk areas of incidental (or accidental) pollution is required. For
formulation of warning system basic measures required are as follows:
• Identification of possible risks caused by incidental pollutions,
• Identification of risk areas from incidental pollution,
• Assessment of risk areas caused by incidental pollution sources, including tailing
dams, mining, industry etc,
• Analysis of the incidental pollution events, which caused incidental pollutions in
the past, and
• Establishment of an early warning system composed of observation or inspection
systems and information system among communities, municipalities, RBDs,
MoEW and MoSPDA.

6.5.4 Future Studies Related to the River Basin Management to be conducted

It is recommended that the RBD conduct further basic studies for the river basin
management as follows:
The study on “River Management Plan” for the basis for prevention of flood damages
and controlling sand and gravel extraction as well as improvement of environmental

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status, including river structures like dykes, weirs and fish passages, of water bodies from
the view point of river morphology.
• The study on pressures and impacts from discharges or priority substances, which are
33 harmful substances defined by the EU-WFD, and heavy metals, and also closed
mines in the basin necessary to protect people from possible hazard caused by
discharge of toxic substances.
In addition, the present study is of the viewpoint of basin management, thus water
resources development aspect has not been included. Furthermore, the data related to
water resources used in the present study is limited due to constraints on availability of
the data. It is also recommended that the study shall be conducted on water resources
development and river flow regulation, which include the following items:
• The detailed and/or localized regime of the river flow, including the more
detailed and/or localized water transfer, water use, and environmental flow.
• The detailed assessment of the needs of additional hydro-technical facilities
to be constructed as well as the restarting of construction of the suspended
ones to regulate water flow for more efficient use of water resources, as a
part of the integrated water management in Bulgaria and to meet the
challenges of global climate change.

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6.6 Result of Water Quantity Simulation

6.6.1 Water Resources Potential

In Bulgaria, almost all of the observed water quantities at hydrometric stations are under
disturbed condition. The measured disturbed water quantities have been traditionally
used for the statistical analysis for estimating available water resources with different
probability, although it may be difficult to know quasi-natural water resources.

In the present study, probable water quantities are estimated based on the calibrated
rainfall-runoff model. Firstly, quasi-natural water quantities are estimated under the
precipitation with different probability. Secondly, by assuming the reservoir operation
pattern, potential flows under influence of significant reservoirs are estimated. The
estimated water quantities can be regarded as water resources potential, especially for
surface water.

For setting the meteorological conditions for the rainfall-runoff model, the following
principles are applied.
• Precipitation amount in continues 2-year should be considered, because 2-year
total precipitation amount seems to be related to water quantity more than one in a
single year.
• Adjusting total precipitation amount uses precipitation pattern in the
representative year.
• Temperature pattern in the representative year is used.
The results of the statistical analysis for precipitation in EABD and WABD show that
year 2004 is almost average year in terms of precipitation amount. Therefore, in the
present study, year 2004 is selected as the representative year for considering water
resources.

Continuous 2-year simulations have been conducted using the calibrated NAM model,
which is rainfall runoff module of MIKE11 (see Chapter 4). Initial condition for the
simulation has been set as same as the condition at the beginning of year 2004 for the
existing condition. The simulated result shows that the runoff volume in the 2nd year is
almost always smaller than the one in the 1st year, even though the precipitation amount in
the 2nd year is larger. This seems to be because of the influence of smaller precipitation
amount in summer time in the 1st year. In the present study, the result in the 2nd year is
utilized for further analysis.

The results have been imported to the Simple Model. Then, quasi-natural water
quantities for x% probability of exceedence are estimated. The Simple
Model_ver_Potential is utilized for estimating potential flow with significant reservoirs.
For estimating potential flows with influence of significant reservoirs, the followings are
assumed.

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• Outflow volume
• Annual Total Outflow = Annual Total Inflow is assumed.
• Same outflow pattern as the one in the representative year (2004) with
adjustment to attain “Annual Total Outflow = Annual Total Inflow” is
applied.
• Transfer by feeder channels
• Average transfer rate during 2001-2005 is applied.
The estimated probable water quantities at the downstream end (country border) of each
river basin for quasi-natural flow and potential flow are shown below.

Probable Water Quantity at the Downstream End (Country Border) of Each River Basin

Struma Mesta Dospat Arda Biala Tundzha Maritsa

Quasi-
Natural 66.79 34.22 6.82 63.30 2.64 31.79 103.66
Average
Flow (NF)
Year (2004)
Potential
65.35 30.58 2.40 50.09 2.64 22.50 113.85
Flow (PF)
Quasi-
Probability of Natural 51.62 23.65 5.06 47.87 0.83 28.34 80.04
Exceedence Flow (NF)
75% Potential
50.67 21.05 1.88 43.89 0.83 21.06 91.37
Flow (PF)
Quasi-
Probability of Natural 39.43 20.01 3.88 39.20 0.55 19.62 61.98
Exceedence Flow (NF)
90% Potential
38.65 17.84 1.43 35.89 0.55 14.54 70.34
Flow (PF)
Quasi-
Probability of Natural 31.04 13.25 2.99 33.61 0.43 14.66 51.68
Exceedence Flow (NF)
95% Potential
30.40 11.86 1.10 30.74 0.43 11.01 57.96
Flow (PF)
Unit: m3/s
The year with 95% of probability of exceedence (equivalent to drought with 1/20)
provides almost half water quantity compared to one in the average year.

The estimated probable water quantities are stored in the Simple model_ver_Permit and
the Simple model_ver_Demand. Using those tools, one can check water quantity
including monthly variation at several different points in the river basin.

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6.6.2 Water Resources Potential and Demand Analysis

Balance of water resources potential and water demand under several scenarios are
analyzed. Because condition of irrigation water use gives most significant impact on
water balance, several scenarios on irrigation water use are analyzed under the following
situations.
• Drinking Water Demand
• To keep current surface water dependency
• Unit water use = 220 litter/day /person
• Loss rate =50%
• Industrial Water Demand
• No change from current condition (Increase by GDP growth, but recycling
rate will also increase)
• Irrigation Water Demand
• To keep current unit water demand for each irrigation branch
• For current loss rate, the value showed by Irrigation Systems Ltd. is used.
The Simple Model is used for the analysis. Examples of the simulated results are shown
in Figures 6.6.1 to 6.6.5. Based on the simulated results, the followings are discussed for
each river basin.

(1) The Struma River Basin

• Ratio of water demand against potential water resource is high in upstream area
and low in downstream area. It is not spatially well balanced. At upstream of the
confluence with the Dzherman River, water resources potential is quite limited
compared to water demand. Demand control could be required for drinking,
industrial and irrigation water.
• On the other hand, from downstream reach of the confluence with the Dzherman
River, water resources potential is rather large compared to water demand.
• Under current loss rate (48 to 74%) and current unit water demand for irrigation
water, about 40% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with almost no water
flow at the confluence with the Dzherman River in the Struma River when
precipitation amount is 75% probability of exceedence. When we consider river
environmental condition, at least minimum water should be kept. In this case,
possible irrigation area is less than 40% of the potential area.
• Under the condition that loss rate is 30% with current unit water demand for
irrigation water, almost 100% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with
almost no water flow at the confluence with the Dzherman River in the Struma
River when precipitation amount is 75% probability of exceedence. Considering
necessity of minimum environmental flow, possible irrigation area is less than
100% of the potential area.

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(2) The Mesta River Basin

• Water resources potential is large enough compared to water demand.
• Ratio of water demand against potential water resource is large in downstream
area and small in upstream area in general.
• Under current loss rate (64%) and current unit water demand for irrigation water,
almost 100% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with about 20% of
potential water flow being kept at the reach near Gotche Dolchev to the
downstream end of the Mesta River when precipitation amount is 75% probability
of exceedence.
• Under the condition that loss rate is 30% with current unit water demand for
irrigation water, almost 100% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with
about 50% of potential water flow being kept at the reach near Gotche Dolchev to
the downstream end of the Mesta River when precipitation amount is 75%
probability of exceedence.
• However, water resources balance at local level should be further investigated
using more detailed data. Especially, it should be careful on effect of water
abstraction for local hydro power plant.

(3) The Arda River Basin

• Water resources potential is generally large enough against water demand along
main channel of the Arda River.
• Under current loss rate (73%) and current unit water demand for irrigation water,
about 100% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated without significant impact
on main channel of the Arda River.
• However, water resources balance at local level should be further investigated
using more detailed data. Generally, annual water resources seem to be enough.
To utilize water resources more in drought season, local reservoir or pond could
be useful.

(4) The Tundzha River Basin

• Ratio of water demand against potential water resource is large in upstream area
and small in downstream area. It is not spatially well balanced. This is mainly
because of decrease of water resources potential in the upstream area due to water
transfer from the Koprinka Reservoir to the Maritsa River Basin.
• Reduction of water resources potential at the area between the Koprinka
Reservoir and the Zhrebchebo Reservoir can be constraints against recovering of
irrigation activity in the area. If the current water transfer will be kept, demand
control may be required in this area.
• Under current loss rate (61-84%) and current unit water demand for irrigation
water, about 35% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with almost no water
flow at the reach from the Zhrebchebo Reservoir to Yambol in the Tundzha River
when precipitation amount is 75% probability of exceedence. When we consider

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river environmental condition, at least minimum water should be kept. In this

case, possible irrigation area is less than 35% of the potential area.
• In the current situation, almost all of water can be abstracted at the reach from the
Zhrebchebo Reservoir to Yambol according to the permission issued to irrigation
purpose．On the other hand, actually irrigated area in this area (Mainly Sliven
branch) is less than 10% according to the record provided by Irrigation Systems
Ltd. Water abstraction in this area is obviously too much compared to actual
demand. Proper control of water abstraction based on actual demand is necessary.
• Under the condition that loss rate is 30% with current unit water demand for
irrigation water, almost 70% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with
almost no water flow at the reach from the Zhrebchebo Reservoir to Yambol in the
Tundzha River when precipitation amount is 75% probability of exceedence.
Considering necessity of minimum environmental flow, possible irrigation area is
less than 70% of the potential area.

(5) The Maritsa River Basin

• Water demand against potential water resource is spatially rather well balanced
from upstream to downstream of the Maritsa River.
• Without water transfer from other basins, water resources potential against water
demand would be very small.
• Under current loss rate (60 to 74%) and current unit water demand for irrigation
water, about 15% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with almost no water
flow in the Maritsa River when precipitation amount is 75% probability of
exceedence. When we consider river environmental condition, at least minimum
water should be kept. In this case, possible irrigation area is less than 15% of the
potential area.
• Under the condition that loss rate is 30% with current unit water demand for
irrigation water, about 30% of potential irrigation area can be irrigated with
almost no water flow in the Maritsa River when precipitation amount is 75%
probability of exceedence. Considering necessity of minimum environmental
flow, possible irrigation area is less than 30% of the potential area.

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6.7 Result of Water Quality Simulation

The calibrated MIKE11 water quality models, which is described in Chapter 3, have been
used for simulation of the scenarios:
• Present situation (corresponds to the calibration simulation)
• Near Future
• Near Future with 10% loss
• High Priority Future
• High and Medium Priority Future
For all of the scenarios the hydrological and hydraulic condition from year 2004 has been
used as was done for the calibration. The time axis on all plots are therefore showing
dates in 2004 although the represent different future years / scenarios.

The results are illustrated with plan plots of the rivers with colours corresponding to the
Bulgarian Water Quality Classes with respect to BOD concentrations show in the
following figure. Furthermore, the BOD concentration has been shown for selected
station (cross section) in the river systems in Figures 6.7.1 to 6.7.10.

18.00 <
7.00 18.00
3.50 7.00
2.00 3.50
< 2.00

Color Legend for Plan plot of Concentration of Organic Pollutants (BOD) in the Rivers
(mg/l)

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6.8 Summary of the Programmes of Measures

6.8.1 Introduction

The proposed programmes of measures are composed of structural measures and

non-structural measures, and the non-structural measures are including proposed basic
studies for the management of morphology in river basin.

The Structural measures will require feasibility studies and detailed designs for their
implementation, and non-structural measures will require necessary arrangement for the
execution.

6.8.2 Proposed Structural Measures

The proposed structural measures are composed of measures as follows:

(1) Water Quality Improvement and Management

• Construction of new WWTPs.
• Renovation of existing WWTPs, and
• Renovation and expansion of sewer pipe networks.
(2) Water Quantity Improvement and Management
• Improvement and replacement of water supply pipe networks, and
• Improvement of irrigation systems with intake, water, transfer and distribution
facilities.

The more detailed information is shown in Table 6.8.1.

6.8.3 Proposed Non Structural Measures

The proposed non-structural measures are summarized as follows:

(1) Measures for Water Quality Improvement and Management

• Regulation for controlling and reducing pollution loads from industries and big
livestock farms by strengthening of regulation.
• Regulation for improving septic tanks to sealed type or for introducing individual
treatment and periodical sludge extraction and treatment. Financial support
system to people for improvement and installation of sealed type septic tanks and
individual treatment is to be considered.
• Regulation for controlling and reducing pollution load from the agricultural lands
by changing agricultural methods and technology to reduce chemical fertilizer
and pesticide, and
• Establishment of a system to conduct a good cooperation with municipalities for
monitoring and river basin management activities.

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(2) Measures for Water Quantity Improvement and Management

• Regulation for reviewing and improving the current water use permissions to
conduct optimum water intake and use, and also the water transfer to other river
basin.
• Regulation for conducting monitoring the water volume at water intakes by
installing measurement devices by water users for intake sides as well as Basin
Directorate at key locations in the rivers.
• Regulation for controlling and improving the quality of data required for water
quantity management, and
• Regulation for establishing a system for a good coordination among RBDs,
MoAF and related municipalities for river basin management and for
implementation of the proposed project.

(3) Measures for River Morphology Improvement and Management

To set up a new regulation for controlling and regulating sand/gravel extraction more
strictly in order to protect the river channel and surrounding flood plain areas from
unstable conditions.
• Regulation for controlling any illegal activities or improper activities along the
river, including solid waste dumping and land development, and
• Regulation for establishing a good coordination system between the RBDs and
the relating agencies/organizations responsible for management of forest areas,
national parks and protection areas in the basin in order to cooperate in the RBM
activities, particularly in the upstream of the river basin.

(4) Basic Study for River Basin Management and Flood Disaster Prevention
• To conduct a study on “River Management Plan” for the basis for prevention of
flood damages and controlling sand and gravel extraction as well as improvement
of environmental status of water bodies from the view point of river morphology,
• To conduct a basic study on pressures and impacts from discharges of priority
substances and heavy metals, and also on pressures and impacts from the existing
and closed mines in the basin for protect people from possible hazard caused by
discharge of toxic substances, and
• To conduct a study on water resources development and river flow regulation,
which includes the following items:
• The detailed and/or localized regime of the river flow, including the more
detailed and/or localized water transfer, water use, and environmental flow.
• The detailed assessment of the needs of additional hydro-technical facilities
to be constructed as well as the restarting of construction of the suspended
ones to regulate water flow for more efficient use of water resources, as a
part of the integrated water management in Bulgaria and to meet the
challenges of global climate change.

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CHAPTER 6

6.1

Main Report

Chapter 6

Tables

6.2

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 Table 6.2.1 Major Industries in EABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies (1/2)
Location
RIVER TRIBUTARY NAM Discharge BOD5 BOD Total N Total N Total P Total P
No Name of industry Business

6-50
BASIN Settlement Municipality RIVER Catch. m3/s mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year
Chapter 6

1. Maritsa River Basin

1 NEOHIM JSCo Chemical industry Maritsa Dimitrovgrad Dimitrovgrad Maritsa river MA_M2 0.252 34.4 273238 10.0 79471 0.70 5593
Production of paper, corrugated cardboard and
2 Trakya Paper JSCo Maritsa Pazardzhik Pazardzhik Pishmanska river MA_M5 0.077 25 59897
packings 5.0 11979 0.20 479

3 Gorubsо Laki - Orc-dressing with tailing pond "Laki-2-complex" Mining Maritsa Laki Laki Dzhurovska river MA_YUG 0.067 25 52697
1.1 2319 0.01 30
4 Kamenitsa JSCo, Plovdiv, brewery Haskovo Brewery Maritsa Haskovo Haskovo gully MA_HAR1 0.018 90 51088 10.0 5676 5.00 2838
5 Biovet JSCo Production of veterinary products Maritsa Peshtera Peshtera Stara reka river MA_STA2 0.020 80.13 50540
6 KCM-S.A., Plovdiv metallurgy Maritsa land, municipality KuKuklen Chepelarska river MA_M4 0.097 15 45989 1.1 3373 1.95 5979
Final Report - Main Report

7 TTP "Maritsa 3" Dimitrovgrad Electric power - production Maritsa Dimitrovgrad Dimitrovgrad Maritsa river MA_M2 0.032 25 30764 1.0 1203 0.20 241
Vozodel/Chelopeshka/
8 Bimak JSCo/Chelopech Maining EAD Maritsa v. Chelopech Chelopech MA_TOP3 0.025 34 26764
Cupper ore dressing river; 27.3 21313 2.00 1559
9 Asarel-Medet JSCo Extraction and processing of copper ore Maritsa Panagyurishte Panagyurishte Yana Luda river MA_LUD2 0.030 25 23950 1.1 1054 0.20 192
10 Elit 95 Ltd, vDalbok izvor, Dairy Dairy Maritsa v.Dalbok izvor Parvomay Topolnitsa river MA_M3 0.000 1438 20995 10.0 146 2.00 29
Production of paper, corrugated cardboard and
11 Belovo - Paper Mill JSC - Belovo Maritsa Belovo Belovo Maritsa river MA_M6 0.014 33.076 14488
packings
12 Elatsite - Med JSCo Cupper ore dressing Maritsa v.Mirkovo Sofia Malka reka river MA_TOP3 0.030 15 14250 14.0 13338 0.20 190
13 Konex Tiva Ltd, v.Orizovo Processing of vegetables Maritsa v.Orizovo Bratya Daskalovi Suho dere river MA_M3 0.006 50 9617 10.0 1923.33 5.00 962
14 Gorubsо Laki - Mining "Druzhba" Mining Maritsa Laki Laki Dzhurovska river MA_YUG 0.012 25 9463 1.1 416 0.02 6

15 Agrya JSCo, Plovdiv FUNGICIDES. INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES Maritsa land, municipality KuKuklen Chepelarska river MA_M4 0.012 25 9145

16 Paper Factory AD, Stambolyski Paper products Maritsa Stamboliyski Stamboliyski Maritsa river MA_M4 0.029 9.2 8414
17 Vulkan JSCo rubber / tyre retreading Maritsa Dimitrovgrad Dimitrovgrad Maritsa river MA_M2 0.010 25 7875 10.0 3150 0.59 186
18 Rikom - Ltd, Brezovo Wine-production Maritsa Brezovo Brezovo Rozovetska river MA_M3 0.000 2050 6232 34.3 104 1.10 3
19 Kristal JSCo Glass ware - crystal Maritsa Velingrad Velingrad Chepinska river MA_CPI1 0.006 30 5884 2.8 551 2.00 395
20 Mines"Trayanovo sever" and "Trayanovo 1" Extraction of brown coal Maritsa v.Troyanovo Radnevo Ovacharitsa river MA_SAZ1 0.004 25 3272 5.0 654 1.10 144
21 Terem - Georgi Benkovski SPLTD - Plovdiv Repair military technics, aeroplanes Maritsa v.Graf Ignatievo Maritsa Pyasachnik river MA_M4 0.006 15 3083 2.1 399 5.00 950
22 Mine "Trayanovo 3", v.Mednikarovo Extraction of brown coal Maritsa v.Mednikarovo Galabovo Sokolitsa river MA_SAZ1 0.003 25 2645 6.0 635 1.10 116
23 Boni Oborot 2 Processing of meat Maritsa Velingrad Velingrad Chepinska river MA_CPI1 0.001 65 2600 0.4 16 2.00 80
24 Remotex Radnevo EAD Coal output Maritsa Radnevo Radnevo Blatnitsa river MA_BLA 0.003 25 2600 6.0 624 1.10 114
25 SKF Bearings Bulgaria, Sofia machine-building, bearing elements Maritsa Karnare Karlovo Koru dere /gully/ MA_STR2 0.003 25 2502 1.1 110 5.00 500
26 Chugunoleene Invest JSCo Iron-casting Maritsa Parvomay Parvomay Mechka river MA_M3 0.004 15 2045 1.5 199 0.20 27

JICA
27 BDZ EAD -Engine-shed Service for carriage and engine Maritsa Septemvri Septemvri Sechim dere /gully/ MA_CPI1 0.003 25 2000 8.1 650 5.00 400
Rivers or Water Bodies

28 Hydro - SPLTD Process of ballast Maritsa Devin Devin Vacha river MA_VAC2 0.002 25 1785 1.5 107 0.20 14
29 Konex Tiva Ltd Canning factory Maritsa v.Choba Brezovo Rozovetska river MA_M3 0.003 15 1609 6.0 643 0.20 21
Accumulation factory /production of
30 Elhim-Iskra JSCo Maritsa Pazardzhik Pazardzhik Pishmanska river MA_M5 0.013 4 1576
accumulators/ 0.8 321 0.33 131
31 Insa Oil Ltd, Rakovski Petroleum and petroleum products+C59 Maritsa v.Belozem Rakovski Srebarna river MA_M3 0.002 24 1188 3.0 146 0.20 10
32 Ognyanovo-K EAD Different type of lime Maritsa Pazardzhik Pazardzhik Maritsa river MA_M5 0.008 4.6 1138 1.7 432 2.01 502
33 SKF Bearings Bulgaria, Sofia Machine-building, bearing elements Maritsa v.Bogdan Karlovo Stryama river MA_STR2 0.001 25 1137 1.1 50 5.00 227
34 Polidey 2 Ltd, Karlovo, workshop for milk production Workshop for milk production Maritsa v.Domlyan Karlovo Domlyanska river MA_STR2 0.000 80 1133 6.7 95 1.10 16
drain canal /main
35 Agri Bulgaria SPLTD Maritsa v.Radinovo Maritsa MA_M4 0.002 15 1100
Process and package of cherry collector 2/ 4.1 301 0.20 15
36 Kostenets HHI JSCo Production of paper and pasteboard Maritsa Kostenets Kostenets Maritsa river MA_M6 0.001 26 993 2.8 106 0.20 7
37 Bulgarian Rose JSCo, Karlovo Parfume / rose oil Maritsa Karlovo Karlovo Batovo dere /gully/ MA_STR2 0.001 25 825 5.0 165 0.20 7

Machine factory/ Anti-Tank guided Missiles,

Anti-Tank UnguideD Missiles,AVIATION
UNGUIDED Missiles,Artillery
38 VMZ JSCo ammunition,FUZES/ and Abrasive Grinding Maritsa v.Iganovo Karlovo Stryama river MA_STR2 0.001 25 816 1.1 36 5.00 163
Wheels,Cutting and Grinding Abrasive Discs for
Metal and Non-metal,Diamond Tools,Machinery
and Equipment f

v. Kurtovo Konare

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Table 6.2.1 Major Industries in EABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the

39 Ioka Ltd, Plovdiv, a canning factory Maritsa Stamboliyski Drain canal MA_STA1 0.002 15 783
Canning - vegetable production 10.0 522 5.00 261
The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria

40 P.A.L. BG - SPLTD Process of fish Maritsa Devin Devin Shirokolashka river MA_VAC2 0.001 45 765 18.0 306 1.00 17
 Table 6.2.1 Major Industries in EABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies (2/2)

JICA
Location
RIVER TRIBUTARY NAM Discharge BOD5 BOD Total N Total N Total P Total P
No Name of industry Business
BASIN Settlement Municipality RIVER Catch. m3/s mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year

41 Bor Chvor - D.Minev, v.Dalbok izvor, Dairy Dairy Maritsa v.Dalbok izvor Parvamay Topolnitsa river MA_M3 0.000 280 739 25.0 66 2.00 5
42 Bulgarian Rose JSCo, Karlovo Parfume / rose oil Maritsa v.Hristo Danov Karlovo Belyata river MA_STR2 0.000 50 720 1.1 16 0.12 2
43 Optikoelektron SPLTD Factory for opitcs Maritsa Panagyurishte Panagyurishte Yana Luda river MA_LUD2 0.001 15 476 2.8 91 0.50 16
Production of tiling-stone from marble,
44 Yulit - AS Ltd, Plovdiv town Maritsa Brezovo Brezovo gully MA_M5 0.001 25 425
limestone 0 0 0.10 2
45 Delikates-2 Ltd, v.Zhitnitsa, workshop meat production Workshop meat production Maritsa v.Zhitnitsa Brezovo Pikla river MA_STR1 0.000 50 415 12.0 100 11.00 91
46 Volex Ltd,/Glaus-2004 SPLTD/ Sofia, bird slaughterhouse Slaughterhouse poultry Maritsa v.Milevo Rodopi Drain canal MA_M3 0.001 15 315 2.6 54 10.00 210
in the Republic of Bulgaria

47 TER-M Ltd, Plovdiv, bird slaughterhouse Slaughterhouse Maritsa Parvomay Parvamay Drain canal MA_M3 0.001 15 307 10 205 5.00 102
Chorbadzhiysko dere
48 Terem JSCo Maritsa Kostenets Kostenets MA_M6 0.000 25 271
Repair military technics, aeroplanes /gully/ 2.1 23 5.00 54
49 Kaomet Enamel UTENSIL Maritsa Bratsigovo Bratsigovo Umishka river MA_STA2 0.000 20 259 60.5 782 0.40 5
50 Sokotab Bulgaria, Sofia, workshop for /SS/ Processing of oriental tobaccos Maritsa v.Radnevo Maritsa Drain canal MA_BLA 0.000 15 234 6 94 1.10 17

2. Tundzha River Basin

1 Arsenal JSCo Weapons Tundzha Kazanlak Kazanlak Tundzha river TU_M7 0.091 21 59047 4.10 11738 0.60 1718
2 Mirolio-Bulgaria JSCo Sliven Textiles Tundzha Sliven Sliven Asenovska river TU_ASE1 0.020 50 31536 6.00 3784 1.10 694
3 Yambolen JSCo Chemistry Tundzha Yambol Yambol Tundzha river TU_M2 0.011 37.1 12869.84 22.00 7632 0.43 149
The Study on Integrated Water Management

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

4 Vinex Slaviantsi JSCo Wine Production /WWTP/ Tundzha v.Lozarevo Sungulare Dam-lake Petkovets TU_MOC2 0.000 1200 9360
14.05 110 1.10 9
5 Arsenal JSCo Weapons Tundzha Maglizh Kazanlak Asashtitsa river TU_M6 0.009 25 7200 4.10 1181 0.60 173
Drain canal, inlet in
6 VIN.S.Industries Ltd Tundzha v.Tserkovski Karnobat TU_MOC1 0.005 25 4325
Spirits and distiller /WWTP/ Mochuritsa river 30.06 5200 2.10 363
7 SIS Industries Ltd Alcoholic drinks Bottling Tundzha v.Venets Karnobat open canal TU_MOC2 0.002 25 1500 4.04 242 1.10 66
8 SKF Bearings Bulgaria, Sofia /IW/ Machine-building, bearing elements Tundzha Kalofer Karlovo Tundzha river TU_M9 0.001 25 953 9.00 343 5.00 191
9 Bulgaria - K JSCo Textiles Tundzha Kazanlak Kazanlak Kriva vada river TU_M7 0.001 20 911 6.00 273 1.10 50
10 Viganlex Ltd Sofia Workshop for production of essential oils Tundzha Gurkovo Gurkovo Lazova river TU_M6 0.001 30 750 6.00 150 1.10 28

3. Arda River Basin

1 Gorupso Zlatograd, Tailing pond "Erma river" Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / Arda Zlatograd Zlatograd Golyama river AR_VAR2 0.057 25 45175 6 10842 0.027 48.79
Arda river and
2 Gorubso Rudozem EAD - in porcess of closing Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / Arda Rudozem Rudozem AR_M5 0.050 25 39420
Chepinska river 6 9461 0.200 315.36
3 Gorubso-Kardzhali JSCo, Kardzhali, Mine "Enyovche" Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / Arda v.Enyovche Ardino Enyovche river AR_M5 0.025 25 19789 6 4749 0.921 729.25
4 Baydano mladost 95 Ltd Meat production and processing of meat Arda Momchilgrad Momchilgrad Arda river AR_VAR1 0.002 200 12552 56.7 3558 4.110 257.94
5 Gorubso-Kardzhali JSCo, Kardzhali, Mine "Pcheloyad" Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / Arda Kardzhali Kardzhali Kodzha dere /gully/ AR_M2 0.100 25 7917 6 1900 0.040 12.53
reservoir
6 Gorubso Kardzhali JSCo, Orc-dressing Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / "Studen Kardzhli Kardzhli Arda river AR_M2 0.005 25 4096 6 983 0.200 32.77
Kladenets"
7 Gorubso Madan - JSCo Mining "Krushev dol" Mining /Process of lead-zink orc / Arda Madan Madan Madanska river AR_M5 0.003 25 2288 6 549 0.200 18.30
8 Progresstroy Building Arda Rudozem Rudozem Arda river AR_M5 0.001 25 405 6 97 0.200 3.24
9 Betonstroy Ltd Production of concrete Arda Madan Madan Arda river AR_M5 0.000 25 228 6 55 0.200 1.82
reservoir
Extraction of other non-metal material and raw
10 Bentonit JSCo "Studen Kardzhli Kardzhli Arda river AR_M2 0.000 25 104 6 25 0.200 0.84
materials
Kladenets"

6-51
Chapter 6
Final Report - Main Report
6-52
Table 6.2.2 Major Industries in WABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies (1/2)
Chapter 6

Location
RIVER TRIBUTARY Discharge BOD5 BOD Total N Total N Total P Total P
No Name of industry Business NAM Catch.
BASIN Settlement Municipality RIVER m3/s mg/l (kg/year) mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year

1. Struma River Basin

1 WWTP Leko Co SPLTD Paint Struma Radomir Radomir Struma River ST_M9 0.489 22 334238 8.21 126650 2.00 30853
2 PSK Spartak Sand extraction Struma v.Sklave Sandanski Stream ST_M1 0.500 20 319039 7.83 123516 0.35 5519
3 Bodzhinov & Co Ltd Car-wash and service-station Struma Sandanski Sandanski Gully ST_SAN 0.500 19 299592 10.00 157680 1.34 21129
4 Thermal Power Plant Bobov Dol SPJSEnergetics Struma Bobov Dol Bobov dol Razmetanitsa River ST_DZH1 0.701 9 196643 4.00 88427 0.67 14850
Final Report - Main Report

5 Mines Bobov Dol JSCo Mine industry Struma Bobov Dol Bobov dol Razmetanitsa River ST_DZH1 0.099 57 177015 5.75 17936 0.93 2909
6 Versay Ltd no data Struma Petrich Petrich Collector ST_STR1 0.333 10 105015 4.00 42006 0.43 4551
After water mirror
Mine industry and transport
7 Gausto-gold JSCo Struma Kyustendil Kyustendil /settling/ ST_M6 0.085 25 66620 8.00 21318 0.33 873
8 Stomana industry JSCo Steel production Struma Pernik Pernik Struma River ST_M9 0.051 39 62778 41.30 65965 50.65 80894
9 Toploficatsia - Pernik EAD Tailing pond Struma Pernik Pernik Dere "Kalkas" /gully/ ST_M9 0.278 6 56134 10.83 94989 0.40 3527
10 V&VGD Orandzherii-Petrich Ltd greenhouse / agricultural-plants Struma Petrich Petrich Drainage channel ST_STR1 0.012 135 53019 24.00 9398 19.00 7440
11 Belasitsa S.A. Mechanicals /Water-meter Struma Petrich Petrich Collector ST_STR1 0.007 136 30077 8.00 1766 5.00 1104
12 Benet Ltd Food - meat Struma Breznik Pernik Turska River ST_KON 0.003 164 15468 6.00 568 1.10 104
13 Sanel JSCo Steel / metals articles Struma Sandanski Sandanski Collector ST_SAN 0.012 79 14874 3.00 1135 0.27 101
14 Mines Otkrit Vagledobiv JSCo Mine industry Struma Pernik Pernik Krivobarska River ST_M9 0.010 36 11733 21.09 6910 50.49 16544
15 "Osogovo" - EAD/sanitry sewage/ Mining Struma v. Garlyano Kyustendil Smolyanska Bistritsa ST_SOV 0.014 25 10950 6.00 2628 0
16 Bugarkoop SPLTD-Frukta Food industry - fruit Struma v. Kopilovtsi Kyustendil Struma River ST_M6 0.013 25 10157 4.00 1625 0.02 9
17 ZIIU Standart JSCo Mechanicals / meters Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Collector ST_BRA 0.008 40 10092 3.00 757 0.27 68
18 Gausto-gold JSCo Mine industry, transport Struma Kyustendil Kyustendil avarage load ST_M6 0.002 123 8452 2.32 160 1.31 90
19 Georesurs SPLTD Extraction of ballast Struma Simitli Simitli Struma River ST_M4 0.012 18 6365 2.22 805 0.30 107
20 Ekoengineering - PM SPLTD Uranium mine -pollution with radio-nukl Struma v. Senokos Simitli Luda reka river ST_M4 0.008 25 6306 8.00 2018 0.27 68
21 Bistritsa Ltd TMSI Extraction of ballast Struma v. Pokrovnik Blagoevgrad Struma River ST_M4 0.006 27 5090 2.01 381 0.38 73
22 Vitren SA Coal extraction Struma Kyustendil Kyustendil Struma River ST_M6 0.006 25 4888 8.00 1564 0.43 85
23 Mines Otkrit Vagledobiv JSCo Mine industry Struma Pernik Pernik Buchinsko dere/gully/ ST_M9 0.006 25 4888 5.00 978 0.27 52
24 Elektrik JSCo Electrical appliance. Struma Radomir Radomir Collector ST_M9 0.001 117 4441 10.20 386 2.76 104

JICA
Aydarowsko Dere
Rivers or Water Bodies

25 Blagoevgrad BT S.A. Tobacco processing Struma v. Izgrev Blagoevgrad /Gully/ ST_M4 0.006 13 2517 2.34 467 0.03 5
26 BULS Ltd Leather industry Struma v. Topolnitsa Petrich Collector ST_M1 0.008 8 1892 10.00 2365 0.16 39
27 Damianitza JSCo. /vinprom/ Food industry - Wine Struma v. Damyanitsa Sandanski Drainage channel ST_M1 0.023 3 1826 1.26 922 0.14 105
28 Alpha komers Ltd Car-washing Struma Radomir Radomir Lyulyakova River ST_M9 0.003 19 1798 9.84 931 1.47 139
29 Visokogovoriteli SA Electronics / speakers etc Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Collector ST_BRA 0.007 8 1770 4.66 1029 5.00 1104
30 ZPP SPLTD Electrical articles / printing plate Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Collector ST_BRA 0.004 12 1674 6.82 932 5.00 683
31 Mines Otkrit Vagledobiv JSCo Mine industry Struma Pernik Pernik Momishko dere/gully/ ST_M9 0.002 25 1595 5.00 319 0.27 17
32 Radomir Metali JSCo Steel - metal industry Struma Radomir Radomir Varba Gully ST_M9 0.002 25 1577 6.00 378 0.27 17
33 Bistritsa Ltd TMSI Extraction of ballast Struma Kocherinovo Kocherinovo Struma River ST_RIL 0.006 8 1552 2.42 458 0.21 39
34 Okeania-P.Stoilov, M.Stoilova Concrete Production Struma Pernik Pernik Kalkas /Gully/ ST_M9 0.015 3 1419 6.00 2838 0.43 205
35 Stoun 2002 Ltd - TMSI Extraction of ballast Struma v. Valkovo Sandanski Struma River ST_M2 0.002 18 1107 5.21 329 2.19 138
36 ONIX Ltd Sand and gravel washing Struma v. Krupnik Simitli Struma river ST_M4 0.003 10 1080 4.00 432 0.20 22
Blagoevgradska
37 Mlechen Kombinat Rila-S.T.H Food - milk products Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Bistritsa River ST_BRA 0.008 4 1012 1.75 428 5.00 1222
38 Strumateks JSCo Textile Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Collector ST_BRA 0.005 6 978 3.70 583 2.00 315
39 Rosela Ltd Iouioupioi Struma Simitli Simitli Struma River ST_M4 0.005 6 965 8.70 1482 2.31 393
40 Hydrostroy - Yug 97 JSCo Car (lorry) washing + Sand and gravel w Struma v. Katuntsi Sandanski Pirinska Bistritsa river ST_PIR 0.001 25 919 10.00 368 1.50 55
Sandanska Bistritsa
41 Mesokombinat - Sandanski SPLTD Food industry - meat Struma Sandanski Sandanski River ST_SAN 0.010 2 694 10.00 3154 5.00 1577
42 J P Dilars Lld Equipment for cron spirits Struma v. Krupnik Simitli Collector ST_M4 0.002 10 650 3.20 202 1.08 68

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Table 6.2.2 Major Industries in WABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the

43 TPK Strimon-3 Struma v. Zhilentsi Kyustendil Radushka River ST_M6 0.000 156 616 12.00 48 2.10 8
The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
 JICA
Table 6.2.2 Major Industries in WABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies (2/2)
Location
RIVER TRIBUTARY Discharge BOD5 BOD Total N Total N Total P Total P
No Name of industry Business NAM Catch. 3
BASIN Settlement Municipality RIVER m /s mg/l (kg/year) mg/l kg/year mg/l kg/year

44 Mes-Co SPLTD Food -meat Struma Petrich Petrich Collector ST_STR1 0.012 2 568 1.80 681 1.10 416
45 D B V Ltd-YMSI Import of electrics materials Struma Boboshevo Boboshevo After settling ST_M6 0.006 3 540 3.00 540 0.23 41
46 Energoremont-Kresna JSCo Electrical appliance. Struma Kresna Kresna Manhole ST_M2 0.002 5 388 10.00 736 1.14 84
47 Granit 97 SA Road building Struma v. Nevestino Nevestino Struma River ST_M6 0.004 3 331 2.20 243 0.13 15
in the Republic of Bulgaria

48 Tri Bora - Valentin Manev no data Struma Petrich Petrich Irrigation channel ST_STR1 0.002 5 290 3.60 227 0.24 15
Blagoevgradska
49 Saobshtitelan Tehnika JSCo Machine-building Struma Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad Bistritsa ST_BRA 0.000 74 238 4.75 15 0.27 1
50 Arm Invest JSCo Meat production Struma v.Meshtitsa Pernik Krivopadinska river ST_KON 0.000 50 227 10.00 45 5.00 23
2. Mesta River Basin
1 Pirinhard JSCo Sand and gravel washing - WWTP Mesta Razlog Razlog Bela river ME_IST2 0.181 10 56940 4.00 22776 0.50 2847
2 Incoms Telecom Holding JSCo Electical items Mesta v.Banya Razlog ME_GLA 0.063 12 24053 1.95 3889 0.57 1145
3 Belasitsa 2002 SPLTD Sand, stone and gravel extraction Mesta Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev Mesta River ME_NEV 0.005 72 11031 8.00 1230 0.27 42
The Study on Integrated Water Management

4 Magnetic hand technology JSCo Electronic / magnetic heads Mesta Razlog Razlog Collector ME_IST2 0.048 2 2606 1.65 2472 5.00 7490

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5 Zavod za telephonna aparatura JSCo /Electronic / telephone Mesta Bansko Bansko Collector ME_GLA 0.008 10 2489 5.93 1496 5.00 1261
6 Bistritsa-2002 Ltd TMSI Sand and gravel washing Mesta Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev Mesta River ME_NEV 0.002 10 540 4.00 216 0.43 23
7 Pirin Story SPLTD Extraction of ballast Mesta v.Banya Razlog Iztok river ME_GLA 0.001 18 540 3.00 90 0.80 24
8 Inkes SPLTD Sand and gravel washing Mesta Hadzhidimovo Hadzhidimovo Matenitsa river ME_M2 0.002 10 500 4.00 200 0.20 10
9 Kalida JSCo Mesta Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev Collector ME_NEV 0.006 3 475 2.56 484 0.27 51
10 Hemefa Bulgaria SPLTD Furniture factory Mesta Razlog Razlog Iztok river ME_IST2 0.000 25 189 4.00 30 1.10 8
Satovchenska Bistritsa
11 Ahmed Dzhildzhov-Rodopi Car Washing Mesta v.Satovcha Satovacha river ME_M1 0.000 25 125 10.00 50 1.50 8
12 Strazhite SPLTD Building materials Mesta Bansko Bansko Mesta River ME_GLA 0.001 3 76 5.98 151 0.32 8
13 Neftotrans-2001 Ltd Car washing, motor service, oil and gas s Mesta Belitsa Belitsa Mesta river ME_M5 0.000 25 50 10.00 20 1.50 3
14 Ilya Ivanov Dimitrov Car washing, Trading complex, oil and g Mesta v.Dabnitsa Garmen Varbitsa river ME_M2 0.000 25 48 10.00 19 1.50 3
15 Mebelplast JSCo Furniture factory Mesta Belitsa Belitsa Belishka river ME_M5 0.000 25 18 5.00 4 1.00 1
3. Dospat River Basin
1 Ekoengineering - PM SPLTD Uranium mine - pollution with radio-nuk Dospat v. Pobit kamak Velingrad Gully DO_M2 0.007 25 5566 5.00 1113 0.27 60
2 Rosi Ltd Dairy Dospat Dospat Dospat Dospat river DO_M1 0.000 50 225 10.00 45 2.00 9

6-53
Chapter 6
Final Report - Main Report
6-54
Chapter 6

Table 6.2.3 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in EABD (1/2)

1. Arda River Basin

Location BOD TN TP BOD TN TP
NAM
No Region/Name Species Head kg / year / kg / year / kg / year /
Settlement Municipality Catchment
Final Report - Main Report

kg / year kg / year kg / year

head head head
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1. "Furazhi 2000" PLC broylers Momchilgrad Momchilgrad 120000 AR_VAR1 0.05 0.03 0.002 6,000 3,600 240
2. "Kokoimpex" PLC laying hans Smolyan - industrial zone Smolyan 90000 AR_CHE 0.7 0.4 0.12 63,000 36,000 10,800
Total 69,000 39,600 11,040
2. Tundzha River Basin
Location BOD TN TP BOD TN TP
NAM
No Region/Name Species Head kg / year / kg / year / kg / year /
Settlement Municipality Catchment kg / year kg / year kg / year
head head head
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
3. "Todor Uzunov" ST CATTLES Venets village Karnobat 300 TU_MOC1 230 79 1.4 69,000 23,700 420
2. "Svinekomplex " JSCo pigs Krumovo Gradishte Karnobat 1780 TU_MOC1 7.98 4.03 0.7385 14,204 7,173 1,315
6. "Bulmaks - DM" pigs Vodenichane village Straldzha 1293 TU_MOC1 7.98 4.03 0.7385 10,318 5,211 955
2. "Gradus - Ivan Angelov" broylers Bolyarsko village Tundzha 1200000 TU_KAL 0.05 0.03 0.002 60,000 36,000 2,400
"Reproduktor po svinevadstvo"
4. JSCo pigs Kalchevo village Tundzha 12000 TU_M2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 95,760 48,360 8,862

JICA
5. "Geomeks" pigs Yambol Yambol 4226 TU_M2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 33,723 17,031 3,121
6. "MCD -02" Ltd. CATTLES Samuilovo village Sliven TU_M3 230 79 1.4 0 0 0
1. "Eko Farm 2005" Ltd. laying hans Samuilovo village Sliven 60000 TU_M3 0.7 0.4 0.12 42,000 24,000 7,200
3. "ZK Eko asorti" ST pigs Mechkarevo village Sliven 1850 TU_M4 7.98 4.03 0.7385 14,763 7,456 1,366
7. "SELEKT - Iliya Mihaylov" ST CATTLES Tvarditsa Tvarditsa TU_M5 230 79 1.4 0 0 0
8. "ASKENT - Plamen Penchev" ST CATTLES Tvarditsa Tvarditsa TU_M5 230 79 1.4 0 0 0
5. "Lyubomir Lyubenov" ST CATTLES Lozarevo village Sungurlare 153 TU_MOC2 230 79 1.4 35,190 12,087 214
Total 374,959 181,017 25,853
Table 6.2.3 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in EABD

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
 Table 6.2.3 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in EABD (2/2)

JICA
Location BOD TN TP BOD TN TP
NAM
No Region/Name Species Head kg / year / kg / year / kg / year /
Settlement Municipality Catchment kg / year kg / year kg / year
head head head
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
8. "DIANA MI" ST CATTLE Korten village Nova Zagora 508 MA_BLA 230 79 1.4 116,840 40,132 711
10. "VZhK - Rodopa" PLC pigs Nova Zagora Nova Zagora 5015 MA_BLA 7.98 4.03 0.7385 40,020 20,210 3,704
10. "Zhuliv"PLC broylers Nova Zagora Nova Zagora 410000 MA_BLA 0.05 0.03 0.002 20,500 12,300 820
9. "Deniker - Milk" JSCo CATTLE Dinevo village Haskovo 200 MA_HAR1 230 79 1.4 46,000 15,800 280
in the Republic of Bulgaria

8. "Galus" JSCo ducks Haskovo Haskovo 92000 MA_HAR1 0.2 0.1 0.006 18,400 9,200 552
3. "Vasil Levski" Cooperation CATTLE Levski village 120 MA_LUD1 230 79 1.4 27,600 9,480 168
10. "Emil Mihaylov" ST CATTLE Krepost village Dimitrovgrad 100 MA_M2 230 79 1.4 23,000 7,900 140
15. PK "Agromax" ST pigs Chernogorovo village Dimitrovgrad 1500 MA_M2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 11,970 6,045 1,108
16. "Elis" PLC pigs Klokotnitsa village Haskovo 1200 MA_M2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 9,576 4,836 886
5. "Ucheben tsentar" CATTLE Rakovski Rakovski 950 MA_M3 230 79 1.4 218,500 75,050 1,330
6. "ZhK Gendov" CATTLE Rakovski Rakovski 250 MA_M3 230 79 1.4 57,500 19,750 350
The Study on Integrated Water Management

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

3. "Stomar Invest" JSCo pigs Belozem Rakovski 9800 MA_M3 7.98 4.03 0.7385 78,204 39,494 7,237
6. "Reya - 96" ST pigs Bolyartsi village Sadovo 4500 MA_M3 7.98 4.03 0.7385 35,910 18,135 3,323
8. "Bratya Kartevi 2003" ST pigs Manole village Maritsa 7000 MA_M3 7.98 4.03 0.7385 55,860 28,210 5,170
9. "Reya - 96" ST pigs Manole village Maritsa 10000 MA_M3 7.98 4.03 0.7385 79,800 40,300 7,385
6. "Gradus" PLC broylers Chirpan Chirpan 560000 MA_M3 0.05 0.03 0.002 28,000 16,800 1,120
4. "KOMSO" CATTLE Tsalapitsa village 1160 MA_M4 230 79 1.4 266,800 91,640 1,624
"Dimitar Madzharov -
4. svinevadstvo pigs Stamboliyski Stamboliyski 1000 MA_M4 7.98 4.03 0.7385 7,980 4,030 739
7. "Elit - 95" ST pigs Krumovo village Rodopi 2424 MA_M4 7.98 4.03 0.7385 19,344 9,769 1,790
3. "Andip 92" ST laying hans Plovdiv Plovdiv 155000 MA_M4 0.7 0.4 0.12 108,500 62,000 18,600
4. "Kalmitsa" JSCo laying hans Tsalapitsa Rodopi 80000 MA_M4 0.7 0.4 0.12 56,000 32,000 9,600
1. ZK "Maritsa - 95" CATTLE Pazardzhik Pazardzhik 150 MA_M5 230 79 1.4 34,500 11,850 210
Aleko Konstantinovo
2. "DANIELA 90" CATTLE village 110 MA_M5 230 79 1.4 25,300 8,690 154
1. "SVIKOM" JSCo pigs Apriltsi village Pazardzhik 12000 MA_M5 7.98 4.03 0.7385 95,760 48,360 8,862
2. "Ilma - Il" Ltd laying hans Pazardzhik Pazardzhik 66000 MA_M5 0.7 0.4 0.12 46,200 26,400 7,920
11. "Ayaks - 95" pigs Bozduganovo village Radnevo 28000 MA_SAZ2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 223,440 112,840 20,678
"Mihaela - Vasilka Zhelyazkova"
12. ST pigs Han Asparuhovo village Stara Zagora 5800 MA_SAZ2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 46,284 23,374 4,283
13. "Agroslavyanin" PLC pigs Preslaven village Stara Zagora 3900 MA_SAZ2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 31,122 15,717 2,880
14. "TEDDI - COM" pigs Oryahovitsa village Stara Zagora 3200 MA_SAZ2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 25,536 12,896 2,363
7. "Apetit" PLC broylers Pamukchi village Stara Zagora 100000 MA_SAZ2 0.05 0.03 0.002 5,000 3,000 200
2. "GRMI - H. Hiusein" ST pigs Pshtera Pshtera 3600 MA_STA2 7.98 4.03 0.7385 28,728 14,508 2,659
1. "Angelov" ST laying hans Peshtera Peshtera 120000 MA_STA2 0.7 0.4 0.12 84,000 48,000 14,400
5. "Oskar - Kiril Nikolov" ST pigs Zhitnica village Kaloyanovo 11290 MA_STR1 7.98 4.03 0.7385 90,094 45,499 8,338
5. "Aerkok" PLC laying hans Trilistnik village Maritsa 70000 MA_STR1 0.7 0.4 0.12 49,000 28,000 8,400

6-55
Chapter 6
Final Report - Main Report

7. "Elit - 95", "Elit - Milk - 2000" CATTLE Popovitsa 2186 MA_TOP2 230 79 1.4 502,780 172,694 3,060
Total 2,614,047 1,134,909 151,044
6-56
Table 6.2.4 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in WABD
Chapter 6

1. Struma River Basin

Location BOD TN TP BOD TN TP
NAM
No Region/Name Species Head kg / year / kg / year / kg / year /
Settlement Municipality Catchment kg / year kg / year kg / year
head head head
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1. "Atanas "Yosifov" CATTLE Bersin village 106 ST_M6 230 79 1.4 24,380 8,374 148
Final Report - Main Report

1 Poultry farm "Valdis" laying hens Shishkovtsi village Kyustendil 85850 ST_M6 0.7 0.4 0.12 60,095 34,340 10,302
2. "Boris Kiroychev" CATTLE Kocherinovo Kocherinovo 118 ST_RIL 230 79 1.4 27,140 9,322 165
1. "Nikola Malinov" CATTLE Kamenik village Boboshevo 136 ST_DZH1 230 79 1.4 31,280 10,744 190
1. "Kembarou MM 5" JSCo pigs Zelen Dol village Blagoevgrad 1000 ST_M5 7.98 4.03 0.7385 7,980 4,030 739
Total 150,875 66,810 11,545
2. Mesta River Basin
Location BOD TN TP BOD TN TP
NAM
No Region/Name Species Head kg / year / kg / year / kg / year /
Settlement Municipality Catchment kg / year kg / year kg / year
head head head
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1. "GHT - Pirin plast" pigs Borovo village Gotse Delchev 1200 ME_M3 7.98 4.03 0.7385 9,576 4,836 886
Total 9,576 4,836 886

JICA
Table 6.2.4 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in WABD

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

The Study on Integrated Water Management
in the Republic of Bulgaria
 The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 6

Table 6.2.5 Estimated Quantity of Newly Treated Sewage and Reduction of

Wastewater Loss for the High Priority Towns in EABD and WABD
Improvement
Improvement
of Sewerage Estimated Reduction of
of WWTP Currently
Existing Networks Total Sewage Estima Currently lost polluted Groundwater
Sewage to be discharged
Town / coverage to be treated: ted sewage into groundwater by Pollution by
No. PE in 2015 New A=200 l/d x newly treated: sewage into the Loss of ground: D=C the loss sewage: Renovation of
Settlement of SW: P
Renov Reno or B existing sewer
New (%) PE SW: L xL suppose E=10 x Sewer pipes:
at. vat. Expan pipes: C=A*P
D F=0.9 x E
sion

(m3/year) (m3/year) (m3/year) (%) (m3/year) (m3/year) (m3/year)

I. EABD Area
1. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Maritsa River Basin
1-1 Asenovgrad 78,054 x 46% x x 5,697,942 5,697,942 2,621,053 40% 1,048,421 10,484,213 9,435,792
1-2 Plovdiv 681,985 85% x x 49,784,920 7,467,738 42,317,182 40% 16,926,873 169,268,727 152,341,854
1-3 Karlovo 37,181 x 85% x x 2,714,177 2,714,177 2,307,050 40% 922,820 9,228,200 8,305,380
1-4 Velingrad 28,752 x 90% x x 2,098,896 2,098,896 1,889,006 40% 755,603 7,556,026 6,800,423
1-5 Peshtera 28,691 x 99% x x 2,094,407 2,094,407 2,073,462 40% 829,385 8,293,850 7,464,465
1-6 Harmanli 28,538 x 67% x x 2,083,238 2,083,238 1,395,769 40% 558,308 5,583,077 5,024,769
1-7 Svilengrad 28,050 x 38% x x 2,047,650 2,047,650 778,107 40% 311,243 3,112,428 2,801,185
1-8 Chirpan 25,413 x 85% x x 1,855,149 1,855,149 1,576,877 40% 630,751 6,307,507 5,676,756
1-9 Rakovski 23,453 x 0% x 1,712,033 1,712,033 0
1-10 Panagyurishte 23,029 x 86% x x 1,681,137 1,681,137 1,445,778 40% 578,311 5,783,113 5,204,802
1-11 Parvomay 22,200 x 65% x x 1,620,600 1,620,600 1,053,390 40% 421,356 4,213,560 3,792,204
1-12 Stamboliyski 18,068 x 74% x x 1,318,928 1,318,928 976,006 40% 390,403 3,904,025 3,513,623
1-13 Kostenets 11,048 x 95% x x 806,533 806,533 766,207 40% 306,483 3,064,826 2,758,344
1,034,460 75,515,608 33,198,426 59,199,888 23,679,955 236,799,551 213,119,596
2. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Tundzha River Basin
2-1 Yambol 118,971 x 80% x x 8,684,883 8,684,883 6,947,906 40% 2,779,163 27,791,626 25,012,463
2-2 Karnobat 28,916 x 100% x 2,110,832 2,110,832 2,110,832 40% 844,333 8,443,326 7,598,993
2-3 Elhovo 16,808 x 84% x x 1,226,948 1,226,948 1,030,636 40% 412,254 4,122,544 3,710,289
2-4 Kalofer 4,229 x 70% x x 308,702 308,702 216,092 40% 86,437 864,367 777,930
168,923 12,331,364 12,331,364 10,305,465 4,122,186 41,221,862 37,099,676
3. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Arda River Basin
3-1 Kardzhali 67,346 x 90% x x 4,916,252 4,916,252 4,424,627 50% 2,212,313 22,123,135 19,910,821
67,346 4,916,252 4,916,252 4,424,627 2,212,313 22,123,135 19,910,821
4. Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW
4-1 Nova Zagora 36,185 x 97% x x 2,641,469 79,244 2,562,224 40% 1,024,890 10,248,898 9,224,008
4-2 Radnevo 20,691 x 100% x 1,510,443 0 1,510,443 40% 604,177 6,041,772 5,437,595
4-3 Ihtiman 20,234 x 95% x x 1,477,046 73,852 1,403,193 40% 561,277 5,612,773 5,051,496
4-4 Pavel banya 4,407 x 60% x x 321,711 128,684 193,027 40% 77,211 772,106 694,896
81,516 5,950,668 281,781 5,668,887 2,267,555 22,675,549 20,407,994
1,352,245 98,713,892 50,727,823 79,598,867 32,282,010 322,820,097 290,538,087
II. WABD Area
1. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Struma River Basin
1-1 Petrich 45,020 x 100% x 3,286,424 3,286,424 3,286,424 60% 1,971,854 19,718,541 17,746,687
1-2 Sandanski 40,358 x 100% x 2,946,098 2,946,098 2,946,098 60% 1,767,659 17,676,585 15,908,927
1-3 Simitli 8,242 x 100% x 601,637 601,637 601,637 60% 360,982 3,609,821 3,248,839
93,619 6,834,158 6,834,158 6,834,158 4,100,495 41,004,947 36,904,452
2. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Mesta River Basin
2-1 Gotse Delchev 30,185 x 96% x x 2,203,469 2,203,469 2,115,330 60% 1,269,198 12,691,979 11,422,781
2-2 Bansko 11,493 x 71% x x 839,011 839,011 595,698 60% 357,419 3,574,186 3,216,768
41,678 3,042,479 3,042,479 2,711,027 1,626,616 16,266,165 14,639,548
3. New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Dospat River Basin
3-1 Dospat 3,218 x 40% x x 234,943 234,943 93,977 60% 56,386 563,864 507,477
3,218 234,943 234,943 93,977 56,386 563,864 507,477
4. Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW
4-1 Pernik 121,350 x 94% x x 8,858,550 531,513 8,327,037 60% 4,996,222 49,962,222 44,966,000
4-2 Dupnitsa 55,224 x 91% x x 4,031,352 362,822 3,668,530 60% 2,201,118 22,011,182 19,810,064
4-3 Radomir 21,621 x 90% x x 1,578,333 157,833 1,420,500 60% 852,300 8,522,998 7,670,698
198,195 14,468,235 1,052,168 13,416,067 8,049,640 80,496,402 72,446,762
336,710 24,579,815 11,163,748 23,055,230 13,833,138 138,331,378 124,498,240
Note:
1) Loss of new or renovated sewer pipes is assumed to be 10 %.
2) Loss from the newly expanded sewer networks is assumed to be almost same as the current condition with the loss from the septec tanks.

JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. 6-57

The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 6

Table 6.2.6 Estimated Construction Cost for the Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plants and Sewerage Improvements for the High Priority Towns in EABD and WABD

New Construction or Renovation of the WWTPs Improvement (including Expansion) or New Sewer Networks
Total Cost of
Town / New Physical Require Physical
No. Municipality PE in 2015 Non- Engineering Administratio Engineering Administratio Sub-total Cost of WWTPs and
Settlement or Unit Mechani. Electrical Contingency: Sub-total Cost of Improv. / d Required Unit Contingency:
Direct Cost Civil Works construction Cost: Direct n Cost: Direct Direct Cost Cost: Direct n Cost: Direct Sewer Sewer Networks
Renov Cost Works Works Direct Cost x WWTPs New Length Length Cost Direct Cost x 10
Activities Cost x 10 % Cost x 5 % Cost x 5 % Cost x 5 % Improvement
at. 10 % per PE %
(EUR/ (m / (EUR/
(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (m) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR)
PE) PE) m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
I. High Priority Towns and Settlements in EABD
I-1 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Maritsa River Basin
I-1-1 Asenovgrad Asenovgrad 78,054 New 210 16,391,340 7,376,103 4,917,402 2,458,701 1,639,134 737,610 819,567 1,639,134 19,587,651 Improv. 3.2 249,773 398 99,409,574 4,970,479 4,970,479 9,940,957 119,291,489 138,879,141
I-1-2 Plovdiv Plovdiv 681,985 - 0 Improv. 0.9 613,787 750 460,340,010 23,017,001 23,017,001 46,034,001 552,408,012 552,408,012
I-1-3 Karlovo Karlovo 37,181 New 295 10,968,248 4,935,711 3,290,474 1,645,237 1,096,825 493,571 548,412 1,096,825 13,107,056 Improv. 4.0 148,722 340 50,565,480 2,528,274 2,528,274 5,056,548 60,678,576 73,785,632
I-1-4 Velingrad Velingrad 28,752 New 320 9,200,640 4,140,288 2,760,192 1,380,096 920,064 414,029 460,032 920,064 10,994,765 Improv. 4.1 117,883 333 39,255,106 1,962,755 1,962,755 3,925,511 47,106,127 58,100,892
I-1-5 Peshtera Peshtera 28,691 New 320 9,180,960 4,131,432 2,754,288 1,377,144 918,096 413,143 459,048 918,096 10,971,247 Improv. 4.1 117,631 333 39,171,140 1,958,557 1,958,557 3,917,114 47,005,368 57,976,615
I-1-6 Harmanli Harmanli 28,538 New 320 9,132,000 4,109,400 2,739,600 1,369,800 913,200 410,940 456,600 913,200 10,912,740 Improv. 4.1 117,004 333 38,962,249 1,948,112 1,948,112 3,896,225 46,754,699 57,667,439
I-1-7 Svilengrad Svilengrad 28,050 New 320 8,976,000 4,039,200 2,692,800 1,346,400 897,600 403,920 448,800 897,600 10,726,320 Improv. 4.1 115,005 332 38,181,660 1,909,083 1,909,083 3,818,166 45,817,992 56,544,312
I-1-8 Chirpan Chirpan 25,413 New 335 8,513,355 3,831,010 2,554,007 1,277,003 851,336 383,101 425,668 851,336 10,173,459 Improv. 4.2 106,735 330 35,222,418 1,761,121 1,761,121 3,522,242 42,266,902 52,440,361
I-1-9 Rakovski Rakovski 23,453 New 340 7,973,850 3,588,233 2,392,155 1,196,078 797,385 358,823 398,693 797,385 9,528,751 New 4.2 98,501 329 32,406,665 1,620,333 1,620,333 3,240,666 38,887,997 48,416,748
I-1-10 Panagyurishte Panagyurishte 23,029 New 340 7,829,955 3,523,480 2,348,987 1,174,493 782,996 352,348 391,498 782,996 9,356,796 Improv. 4.2 96,723 329 31,821,859 1,591,093 1,591,093 3,182,186 38,186,231 47,543,027
I-1-11 Parvomay Parvomay 22,200 New 340 7,548,000 3,396,600 2,264,400 1,132,200 754,800 339,660 377,400 754,800 9,019,860 Improv. 4.2 93,240 328 30,582,720 1,529,136 1,529,136 3,058,272 36,699,264 45,719,124
I-1-12 Stamboliyski Stamboliyski 18,068 New 380 6,865,650 3,089,543 2,059,695 1,029,848 686,565 308,954 343,283 686,565 8,204,452 Improv. 4.6 83,111 325 27,010,913 1,350,546 1,350,546 2,701,091 32,413,095 40,617,547
I-1-13 Kostenets Kostenets 11,048 New 395 4,364,118 1,963,853 1,309,235 654,618 436,412 196,385 218,206 436,412 5,215,121 Improv. 5.7 62,976 320 20,152,282 1,007,614 1,007,614 2,015,228 24,182,738 29,397,859
Sub-total I-1 1,034,460 106,944,116 48,124,852 32,083,235 16,041,617 10,694,412 4,812,485 5,347,206 10,694,412 127,798,218 2,021,089 943,082,074 47,154,104 47,154,104 94,308,207 1,131,698,489 1,259,496,707
I-2 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Tundzha River Basin
I-2-1 Yambol Tundzha 118,971 New 145 17,250,795 7,762,858 5,175,239 2,587,619 1,725,080 776,286 862,540 1,725,080 20,614,700 Improv. 2.5 297,428 455 135,329,513 6,766,476 6,766,476 13,532,951 162,395,415 183,010,115
I-2-2 Karnobat Karnobat 28,916 New 320 9,252,960 4,163,832 2,775,888 1,387,944 925,296 416,383 462,648 925,296 11,057,287 Improv. 4.1 118,554 333 39,478,332 1,973,917 1,973,917 3,947,833 47,373,999 58,431,286
I-2-3 Elhovo Elhovo 16,808 New 365 6,134,738 2,760,632 1,840,421 920,211 613,474 276,063 306,737 613,474 7,331,011 Improv. 4.8 80,676 324 26,139,024 1,306,951 1,306,951 2,613,902 31,366,829 38,697,840
I-2-4 Kalofer Karlovo 4,229 New 455 1,924,104 865,847 577,231 288,616 192,410 86,585 96,205 192,410 2,299,304 Improv. 7.2 30,447 299 9,103,761 455,188 455,188 910,376 10,924,513 13,223,817
Sub-total I-2 168,923 34,562,597 15,553,168 10,368,779 5,184,389 3,456,260 1,555,317 1,728,130 3,456,260 41,302,303 527,104 210,050,629 10,502,531 10,502,531 21,005,063 252,060,755 293,363,058
I-3 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Arda River Basin
I-3-1 Kardzhali Kardzhali 67,346 New 215 14,479,373 6,515,718 4,343,812 2,171,906 1,447,937 651,572 723,969 1,447,937 17,302,850 Improv. 3.4 228,976 382 87,468,881 4,373,444 4,373,444 8,746,888 104,962,657 122,265,508
Sub-total I-3 67,346 14,479,373 6,515,718 4,343,812 2,171,906 1,447,937 651,572 723,969 1,447,937 17,302,850 228,976 87,468,881 4,373,444 4,373,444 8,746,888 104,962,657 122,265,508
I-4 Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW
I-4-1 Nova Zagora Nova Zagora 36,185 Renovat 140 5,065,830 1,773,041 2,026,332 1,013,166 253,292 177,304 253,292 506,583 6,003,009 Improv. 4.0 144,738 340 49,210,920 2,460,546 2,460,546 4,921,092 59,053,104 65,056,113
I-4-2 Radnevo Radnevo 20,691 Renovat 245 5,069,295 1,774,253 2,027,718 1,013,859 253,465 177,425 253,465 506,930 6,007,115 Improv. 4.3 88,971 326 29,004,644 1,450,232 1,450,232 2,900,464 34,805,573 40,812,687
I-4-3 Ihtiman Ihtiman 20,234 Renovat 245 4,957,208 1,735,023 1,982,883 991,442 247,860 173,502 247,860 495,721 5,874,291 Improv. 4.3 87,004 326 28,363,320 1,418,166 1,418,166 2,836,332 34,035,984 39,910,275
I-4-4 Pavel banya Pavel banya 4,407 Renovat 338 1,487,363 520,577 594,945 297,473 74,368 52,058 74,368 148,736 1,762,525 Improv. 7.3 32,171 297 9,554,817 477,741 477,741 955,482 11,465,780 13,228,305
Sub-total I-4 81,516 16,579,695 5,802,893 6,631,878 3,315,939 828,985 580,289 828,985 1,657,970 19,646,939 352,884 116,133,701 5,806,685 5,806,685 11,613,370 139,360,441 159,007,380
Total of I. 1,352,245 172,565,780 75,996,632 53,427,704 26,713,852 16,427,593 7,599,663 8,628,289 17,256,578 206,050,310 3,130,054 1,356,735,285 67,836,764 67,836,764 135,673,529 1,628,082,342 1,834,132,652
II. High Priority Towns and Settlements in WABD
II-1 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Struma River Basin
II-1-1 Petrich Petrich 45,020 New 250 11,254,875 5,064,694 3,376,463 1,688,231 1,125,488 506,469 562,744 1,125,488 12,324,088 Improv. 3.8 171,074 347 59,362,713 2,968,136 2,968,136 5,936,271 71,235,255 83,559,343
II-1-2 Sandanski Sandanski 40,358 New 260 10,492,950 4,721,828 3,147,885 1,573,943 1,049,295 472,183 524,648 1,049,295 11,489,780 Improv. 3.9 157,394 343 53,986,228 2,699,311 2,699,311 5,398,623 64,783,473 76,273,254
II-1-3 Simitli Simitli 8,242 New 420 3,461,472 1,557,662 1,038,442 519,221 346,147 155,766 173,074 346,147 3,790,312 No info. 6.3 51,922 313 16,251,611 812,581 812,581 1,625,161 19,501,933 23,292,245
Sub-total II-1 93,619 25,209,297 11,344,184 7,562,789 3,781,395 2,520,930 1,134,418 1,260,465 2,520,930 27,604,180 380,390 129,600,551 6,480,028 6,480,028 12,960,055 155,520,662 183,124,842
II-2 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Mesta River Basin
II-2-1 Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev 30,185 New 320 9,659,040 4,346,568 2,897,712 1,448,856 965,904 434,657 482,952 965,904 10,576,649 Improv. 4.1 123,756 335 41,458,411 2,072,921 2,072,921 4,145,841 49,750,093 60,326,742
II-2-2 Bansko Bansko 11,493 New 400 4,597,320 2,068,794 1,379,196 689,598 459,732 206,879 229,866 459,732 5,034,065 Improv. 5.6 64,362 320 20,595,994 1,029,800 1,029,800 2,059,599 24,715,192 29,749,258
Sub-total II-2 41,678 14,256,360 6,415,362 4,276,908 2,138,454 1,425,636 641,536 712,818 1,425,636 15,610,714 188,119 62,054,404 3,102,720 3,102,720 6,205,440 74,465,285 90,075,999
II-3 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Dospat River Basin
II-3-1 Dospat Dospat 3,218 New 430 1,383,912 622,760 415,174 207,587 138,391 62,276 69,196 138,391 1,515,384 Improv. 7.3 23,494 300 7,048,296 352,415 352,415 704,830 8,457,955 9,973,339
Sub-total II-3 3,218 1,383,912 622,760 415,174 207,587 138,391 62,276 69,196 138,391 1,515,384 23,494 7,048,296 352,415 352,415 704,830 8,457,955 9,973,339
II-4 Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW
II-4-1 Pernik Pernik 121,350 Renovat 84 10,193,400 4,077,360 3,567,690 2,038,680 509,670 407,736 509,670 1,019,340 11,110,806 Improv. 2.7 327,645 445 145,802,025 7,290,101 7,290,101 14,580,203 174,962,430 186,073,236
II-4-2 Dupnitsa Dupnitsa 55,224 Renovat 175 9,664,200 3,382,470 3,865,680 1,932,840 483,210 338,247 483,210 966,420 10,485,657 Improv. 3.7 204,329 353 72,128,066 3,606,403 3,606,403 7,212,807 86,553,680 97,039,337
II-4-3 Radomir Radomir 21,621 Renovat 245 5,297,145 1,854,001 2,118,858 1,059,429 264,857 185,400 264,857 529,715 5,747,402 Improv. 4.3 92,970 328 30,494,258 1,524,713 1,524,713 3,049,426 36,593,110 42,340,512
Sub-total II-4 198,195 25,154,745 9,313,831 9,552,228 5,030,949 1,257,737 931,383 1,257,737 2,515,475 27,343,865 624,944 248,424,350 12,421,217 12,421,217 24,842,435 298,109,220 325,453,085
Total of II. 336,710 66,004,314 27,696,137 21,807,099 11,158,384 5,342,694 2,769,614 3,300,216 6,600,431 72,074,143 1,216,948 447,127,602 22,356,380 22,356,380 44,712,760 536,553,122 608,627,265
Total of I. and II. 278,124,454 Total of I. and II. 2,164,635,464 2,442,759,918

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Table 6.2.7 Estimated Operation and Maintenance Cost for the Proposed WWTPs
and Sewer Improvements
New Construction or Renovation of the Improvement (including Expansion) or New
WWTPs Sewerage Networks
No. Town / Settlement Municipality PE in 2015 Total O&M Cost
New or Improv. /
Direct Cost O&M Cost Direct Cost O&M Cost
Renovat. New
(EUR) (EUR/year) (EUR) (EUR/year) (EUR)
I. High Priority Towns and Settlements in EABD
I-1 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Maritsa River Basin
I-1-1 Asenovgrad Asenovgrad 78,054 New 16,391,340 1,229,351 Improv. 99,409,574 1,491,144 2,720,494
I-1-2 Plovdiv Plovdiv 681,985 - 0 Improv. 460,340,010 4,603,400 4,603,400
I-1-3 Karlovo Karlovo 37,181 New 10,968,248 822,619 Improv. 50,565,480 758,482 1,581,101
I-1-4 Velingrad Velingrad 28,752 New 9,200,640 690,048 Improv. 39,255,106 588,827 1,278,875
I-1-5 Peshtera Peshtera 28,691 New 9,180,960 688,572 Improv. 39,171,140 587,567 1,276,139
I-1-6 Harmanli Harmanli 28,538 New 9,132,000 684,900 Improv. 38,962,249 584,434 1,269,334
I-1-7 Svilengrad Svilengrad 28,050 New 8,976,000 673,200 Improv. 38,181,660 572,725 1,245,925
I-1-8 Chirpan Chirpan 25,413 New 8,513,355 638,502 Improv. 35,222,418 528,336 1,166,838
I-1-9 Rakovski Rakovski 23,453 New 7,973,850 598,039 New 32,406,665 486,100 1,084,139
I-1-10 Panagyurishte Panagyurishte 23,029 New 7,829,955 587,247 Improv. 31,821,859 477,328 1,064,575
I-1-11 Parvomay Parvomay 22,200 New 7,548,000 566,100 Improv. 30,582,720 458,741 1,024,841
I-1-12 Stamboliyski Stamboliyski 18,068 New 6,865,650 514,924 Improv. 27,010,913 405,164 920,087
I-1-13 Kostenets Kostenets 11,048 New 4,364,118 327,309 Improv. 20,152,282 302,284 629,593
Sub-total I-1 1,034,460 106,944,116 8,020,809 943,082,074 11,844,531 19,865,340
I-2 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Tundzha River Basin
I-2-1 Yambol Tundzha 118,971 New 17,250,795 1,293,810 Improv. 135,329,513 2,029,943 3,323,752
I-2-2 Karnobat Karnobat 28,916 New 9,252,960 693,972 Improv. 39,478,332 592,175 1,286,147
I-2-3 Elhovo Elhovo 16,808 New 6,134,738 460,105 Improv. 26,139,024 392,085 852,191
I-2-4 Kalofer Karlovo 4,229 New 1,924,104 144,308 Improv. 9,103,761 136,556 280,864
Sub-total I-2 168,923 34,562,597 2,592,195 210,050,629 3,150,759 5,742,954
I-3 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Arda River Basin
I-3-1 Kardzhali Kardzhali 67,346 New 14,479,373 1,085,953 Improv. 87,468,881 1,312,033 2,397,986
Sub-total I-3 67,346 14,479,373 1,085,953 87,468,881 1,312,033 2,397,986
I-4 Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW in EABD
I-4-1 Nova Zagora Nova Zagora 36,185 Renovat. 5,065,830 542,768 Improv. 49,210,920 738,164 1,280,931
I-4-2 Radnevo Radnevo 20,691 Renovat. 5,069,295 543,139 Improv. 29,004,644 435,070 978,208
I-4-3 Ihtiman Ihtiman 20,234 Renovat. 4,957,208 531,129 Improv. 28,363,320 425,450 956,579
I-4-4 Pavel banya Pavel banya 4,407 Renovat. 1,487,363 148,736 Improv. 9,554,817 143,322 292,059
Sub-total I-4 81,516 16,579,695 1,765,772 116,133,701 1,742,006 3,507,777
Total of I. 1,352,245 172,565,780 13,464,728 1,356,735,285 18,049,329 31,514,057
II. High Priority Towns and Settlements in WABD
II-1 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Struma River Basin
II-1-1 Petrich Petrich 45,020 New 11,254,875 844,116 Improv. 59,362,713 890,441 1,734,556
II-1-2 Sandanski Sandanski 40,358 New 10,492,950 786,971 Improv. 53,986,228 809,793 1,596,765
II-1-3 Simitli Simitli 8,242 New 3,461,472 259,610 No info. 16,251,611 243,774 503,385
Sub-total II-1 93,619 25,209,297 1,890,697 129,600,551 1,944,008 3,834,706
II-2 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Mesta River Basin
II-2-1 Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev 30,185 New 9,659,040 724,428 Improv. 41,458,411 621,876 1,346,304
II-2-2 Bansko Bansko 11,493 New 4,597,320 344,799 Improv. 20,595,994 308,940 653,739
Sub-total II-2 41,678 14,256,360 1,069,227 62,054,404 930,816 2,000,043
II-3 New WWTPs and Improvements of SW in the Dospat River Basin
II-3-1 Dospat Dospat 3,218 New 1,383,912 103,793 Improv. 7,048,296 105,724 209,518
Sub-total II-3 3,218 1,383,912 103,793 7,048,296 105,724 209,518
II-4 Renovation of the Existing WWTPs and Improvements of SW in WABD
II-4-1 Pernik Pernik 121,350 Renovat. 10,193,400 1,274,175 Improv. 145,802,025 2,187,030 3,461,205
II-4-2 Dupnitsa Dupnitsa 55,224 Renovat. 9,664,200 1,035,450 Improv. 72,128,066 1,081,921 2,117,371
II-4-3 Radomir Radomir 21,621 Renovat. 5,297,145 567,551 Improv. 30,494,258 457,414 1,024,965
Sub-total II-4 198,195 25,154,745 2,877,176 248,424,350 3,726,365 6,603,541
Total of II. 336,710 66,004,314 5,940,894 447,127,602 6,706,914 12,647,808
Total 19,405,622 24,756,243 44,161,865

6.3

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Table 6.3.1 Water Supply Networks to be Improoved in Bulgaria

Existing Pipes for Water Supply Estimated Necessary Improvement of WS Pipes
Number
Served Informat. Replacement Physical
Related Basin of Asbestos PVC + Engineering Administration
No. WSS Co. Owner populat. by Steel (ST) Cast iron Other Total length Necessary Length of Pipe Unit Cost Direct Cost (A) Contingency Total Cost
District municip. cement (AS) HDPE Cost (5% of A) Cost (5 % of A)
WS Improve. (AS+ST) (10% of A)
supplied
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (EUR / m) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR)
1 Burgas State BSBD 14 424,080 2,471,360 923,855 75,547 32,752 201,486 3,705,000 3,395,215 160 543,234,400 27,161,720 27,161,720 54,323,440 651,881,280
2 Dobrich State BSBD 8 225,987 2,975,000 181,000 4,000 52,000 52,000 3,264,000 3,156,000 160 504,960,000 25,248,000 25,248,000 50,496,000 605,952,000
3 Shumen State & Municp. BSBD 10 214,880 1,857,607 442,894 33,496 3,550 0 2,337,547 2,300,501 160 368,080,160 18,404,008 18,404,008 36,808,016 441,696,192
4 Varna State & Municp. BSBD 12 461,126 3,207,775 432,270 212,556 14,692 833,707 4,701,000 3,640,045 160 582,407,200 29,120,360 29,120,360 58,240,720 698,888,640
Sub-total 44 1,326,073 10,511,742 1,980,019 325,599 102,994 1,087,193 14,007,547 12,491,761 160 1,998,681,760 99,934,088 99,934,088 199,868,176 2,398,418,112
5 Pleven State DRBD 10 314,965 2,461,471 527,336 8,692 47,771 8,730 3,054,000 2,988,807 160 478,209,120 23,910,456 23,910,456 47,820,912 573,850,944
6 Razgrad State DRBD 5 133,122 1,271,700 306,720 6,200 5,480 0 1,590,100 1,578,420 160 252,547,200 12,627,360 12,627,360 25,254,720 303,056,640
7 Vidin State DRBD 11 149,382 1,432,572 100,621 29,636 92,968 0 1,655,797 1,533,193 160 245,310,880 12,265,544 12,265,544 24,531,088 294,373,056
8 Sofia-district State DRBD & EABD 21 218,509 2,289,400 751,400 16,600 32,400 206,200 3,296,000 3,040,800 160 486,528,000 24,326,400 24,326,400 48,652,800 583,833,600
9 Gabrovo State & Municp. DRBD 3 100,927 910,230 48,480 27,000 21,430 99,860 1,107,000 958,710 160 153,393,600 7,669,680 7,669,680 15,339,360 184,072,320
10 Isperih State & Municp. DRBD 3 47,727 500,900 171,100 31,800 0 31,200 735,000 672,000 136 91,716,307 4,585,815 4,585,815 9,171,631 110,059,569
11 Lovech State & Municp. DRBD 7 137,323 1,334,140 354,822 3,600 18,092 44,346 1,755,000 1,688,962 160 270,233,920 13,511,696 13,511,696 27,023,392 324,280,704
12 Montana State & Municp. DRBD 10 148,096 1,252,100 167,980 3,700 59,926 17,294 1,501,000 1,420,080 160 227,212,800 11,360,640 11,360,640 22,721,280 272,655,360
13 Russe State & Municp. DRBD 8 275,538 1,846,008 364,123 122,370 107,281 408,218 2,848,000 2,210,131 160 353,620,960 17,681,048 17,681,048 35,362,096 424,345,152
14 Silistra State & Municp. DRBD 7 142,786 1,707,308 47,280 24,661 72,555 0 1,851,804 1,754,588 160 280,734,080 14,036,704 14,036,704 28,073,408 336,880,896
15 Targovishte State & Municp. DRBD 3 99,205 1,313,615 65,576 2,156 2,559 22,094 1,406,000 1,379,191 160 220,670,560 11,033,528 11,033,528 22,067,056 264,804,672
16 Veliko Tarnovo State & Municp. DRBD 9 266,229 2,387,936 252,647 30,180 9,893 239,344 2,920,000 2,640,583 160 422,493,280 21,124,664 21,124,664 42,249,328 506,991,936
17 Vratsa State & Municp. DRBD 10 242,975 2,311,842 302,967 52,460 25,174 0 2,692,443 2,614,809 160 418,369,440 20,918,472 20,918,472 41,836,944 502,043,328
18 Berkovitsa Municipality DRBD 1 21,466 173 20,294 0 147 20,614 20,467 115 2,363,426 118,171 118,171 236,343 2,836,111
19 Botevgrad Municipality DRBD 1 41,203 282,943 32,191 0 2,300 317,434 315,134 131 41,365,560 2,068,278 2,068,278 4,136,556 49,638,672
20 Knezha Municipality DRBD 1 17,501 188,910 1,700 0 1,690 192,300 190,610 112 21,405,846 1,070,292 1,070,292 2,140,585 25,687,015
21 Kubrat Municipality DRBD 1 28,357 227,275 99,883 0 3,161 330,319 327,158 121 39,581,734 1,979,087 1,979,087 3,958,173 47,498,081
22 Sevlievo Municipality DRBD 40,989 551,755 38,388 0 6,811 596,954 590,143 131 77,363,144 3,868,157 3,868,157 7,736,314 92,835,773
23 Sofia City Municipality DRBD 1 1,177,577 878,000 1,105,000 812,000 455,000 3,250,000 1,983,000 160 317,280,000 15,864,000 15,864,000 31,728,000 380,736,000
24 Svishtov Municipality DRBD 1 50,000 360,000 80,000 0 20,000 460,000 440,000 138 60,852,440 3,042,622 3,042,622 6,085,244 73,022,928
25 Troyan Municipality DRBD
Sub-total 113 3,653,877 23,508,278 4,838,508 1,171,055 984,638 1,077,286 31,579,765 28,346,786 157 4,461,252,298 223,062,615 223,062,615 446,125,230 5,353,502,757
26 Haskovo (*) State EABD 9 194,895 1,861,319 229,800 3,027 7,176 20,606 2,121,928 27,420 2,091,119 160 334,579,040 16,728,952 16,728,952 33,457,904 401,494,848
27 Pazardzhik State EABD 3 165,426 749,680 162,511 116 31,980 0 944,287 912,191 160 145,950,560 7,297,528 7,297,528 14,595,056 175,140,672
28 Plovdov State EABD 16 720,416 3,187,898 332,965 75,404 27,921 1,581,812 5,206,000 3,520,863 160 563,338,080 28,166,904 28,166,904 56,333,808 676,005,696
29 Smolyan State EABD 11 141,013 1,015,171 215,940 2,619 36,424 120,846 1,391,000 1,231,111 160 196,977,760 9,848,888 9,848,888 19,697,776 236,373,312
30 Stara Zagora State EABD 18 388,182 2,418,375 444,124 65,344 75,736 310,421 3,314,000 2,862,499 160 457,999,840 22,899,992 22,899,992 45,799,984 549,599,808
31 Yambol (*) State EABD 5 145,948 1,420,653 311,865 0 34,488 26,369 1,793,375 1,732,518 160 277,202,880 13,860,144 13,860,144 27,720,288 332,643,456
32 Dimitrovgrad State & Municp. EABD 1 64,981 465,000 36,000 20,300 16,698 0 537,998 501,000 150 75,293,186 3,764,659 3,764,659 7,529,319 90,351,823
33 Kardzhali (*) State & Municp. EABD 7 140,175 1,059,464 74,958 0 121,432 65,955 1,321,809 692,000 1,134,422 160 181,507,520 9,075,376 9,075,376 18,150,752 217,809,024
34 Sliven State & Municp. EABD 4 234,000 1,301,000 537,000 10,000 17,000 14,000 1,879,000 1,838,000 160 294,080,000 14,704,000 14,704,000 29,408,000 352,896,000
35 Batak Municipality EABD 1 7,000 66,000 15,000 0 1,500 82,500 81,000 104 8,415,981 420,799 420,799 841,598 10,099,177
36 Belovo Municipality EABD 1 12,000 45,000 3,000 0 1,200 49,200 48,000 108 5,179,248 258,962 258,962 517,925 6,215,098
37 Bratsigovo Municipality EABD
38 Panagyurishte Municipality EABD 1 31,000 76,000 60,000 0 2,000 138,000 136,000 123 16,741,736 837,087 837,087 1,674,174 20,090,083
39 Peshtera Municipality EABD 1 25,000 95,000 25,000 4,000 3,000 127,000 120,000 118 14,196,120 709,806 709,806 1,419,612 17,035,344
40 Rakitovo Municipality EABD 1 16,200 32,000 1,200 0 2,100 35,300 33,200 111 3,693,865 184,693 184,693 369,387 4,432,638
41 Strelcha Municipality EABD 1 6,000 46,020 23,610 0 10,070 79,700 69,630 103 7,178,923 358,946 358,946 717,892 8,614,707
42 Velingrad Municipality EABD 1 41,450 250,236 2,070 41,031 4,800 298,137 252,306 131 33,168,399 1,658,420 1,658,420 3,316,840 39,802,079
43 Sub-total 81 2,333,686 14,088,816 2,475,043 221,841 393,525 2,140,009 19,319,234 16,563,859 158 2,615,503,138 130,775,157 130,775,157 261,550,314 3,138,603,765
44 Blagoevgrad State WABD 10 219,629 947,639 416,836 9,226 35,055 19,244 1,428,000 1,364,475 160 218,316,000 10,915,800 10,915,800 21,831,600 261,979,200
45 Kyustendil (*) State & Municp. WABD 8 103,211 1,159,066 276,962 27,348 31,753 184,740 1,679,869 1,479,600 1,436,028 160 229,764,480 11,488,224 11,488,224 22,976,448 275,717,376
46 Pernik State & Municp. WABD 6 105,867 1,005,034 217,607 38,258 1,075 97,026 1,359,000 1,222,641 160 195,622,560 9,781,128 9,781,128 19,562,256 234,747,072
47 Breznik Municipality WABD
48 Dupnitsa Municipality WABD 1 51,715 113,718 89,644 16,273 9,949 229,584 203,362 140 28,404,181 1,420,209 1,420,209 2,840,418 34,085,017
49 Kovachevtsi Municipality WABD
50 Kresna Municipality WABD
51 Petrich Municipality WABD 1 65,000 310,290 9,970 700 3,300 324,260 320,260 150 48,135,398 2,406,770 2,406,770 4,813,540 57,762,478
52 Sandanski Municipality WABD 1 43,943 301,594 37,373 0 3,214 342,181 338,967 133 45,236,977 2,261,849 2,261,849 4,523,698 54,284,372
Sub-total 27 589,365 3,837,341 1,048,392 91,805 84,346 301,010 5,362,894 4,885,733 765,479,595 38,273,980 38,273,980 76,547,960 918,575,515
Total 265 7,903,001 51,946,177 10,341,962 1,810,300 1,565,503 4,605,498 70,269,440 62,288,139 158 9,840,916,791 492,045,840 492,045,840 984,091,679 11,809,100,149
Note: Estimated cost is without VAT.
Data Source: 1) "Management and Development Strategy for Water Supply and Sewerage Sector in the Republic of Bulgaria", MoRDPW, 2004
2) WSS Companies with (*) mark and gray color are based on the answer to the questionnaires to the WSS Companies in EABD and WABD areas by the end of August 2007, which have been received by this Study.

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Table 6.3.2 Rehabilitation of Irrigation System List (EABD)

Intake structure: Irrigation
Reservoir Pump station Other structures on the canal (number) Required cost for improvement (EURO)
ITS canal
Potential Suitable Type of rehabilitation Cost for rehabilitation 10 % design,
Irrigation System: area area
Priority Regional Branch IS_ID Total Distribution Distribution 5 % for control
IS (dka=0.1ha (dka=0.1ha Name of intake Capacity Length Number of Volume Number of Siphon: Tunnel: Aqueduct: Renovation Rehabilitation TOTAL
capacity points: structures: New Intake Lining of Machinery Electricity acuities,
) ) ( RI : River Intake , WI : Water Intake) (m3/s) (m) Dam (103 m3) Pump S T A ITS, DP, DS, ITS, DP, DS, Const. cost TOTAL cost
(liter/sec) DP DS structure canal cost cost 10 % physical
S, T, A S, A, T
contingency
Pazardzhik Topolnitsa 70 121,968 39,217 Lesichevo weir WI 15.0 117,738 1 137,000 0 0.0 317 0 22 0 12 0 4,500 3,154,550 10,646,583 13,805,633 655,970 400,000 14,861,603 3,715,401 18,577,004
Pazardzhik Aleko-Pazardzhik 73 240,353 111,750 Zlokuchene WI, Pasha ark WI 18.0 157,522 0 0 2 1,490.0 359 0 25 0 11 0 40,649 2,300,800 11,316,510 13,657,959 305,346 68,000 14,031,305 3,507,826 17,539,131
Pazardzhik Karabunar 71 88,602 48,013 Momina klisura WI, Boshulsko dere WI 7.5 168,410 0 0 0 0.0 417 0 58 2 28 50,000 27,375 3,534,000 7,264,946 10,876,321 83,072 42,000 11,001,393 2,750,348 13,751,741
Plovdiv Stryama-Chirpan 132 132,800 92,907 Ivan Vazovo WI 17.0 82,453 1 20 0 0.0 0 93 0 11 0 0 12,000 1,048,500 6,202,576 7,263,076 1,074,500 0 8,337,576 2,084,394 10,421,970
Potoka RI km8 + 300, WI of Kachana main
1
drianage channel-1 km 0+476, WI of
Plovdiv Topolnitsa 130 365,757 274,789 Pelinitsa main drainage channel-1 km 10.7 213,796 5 213,300 0 0.0 375 8 48 0 63 50,000 164,440 3,922,500 15,085,136 19,222,076 80,900 5,500 19,308,476 4,827,119 24,135,595
2+986, WI main drainage channel-5 ,
Strelcha WI, Chernozem weir WI
Sub Total 949,480 566,676 Sub Total 68.2 739,919 7 350,320 2 1,490.0 1,468 101 153 13 114 100,000 248,964 13,960,350 50,515,751 64,825,065 2,199,788 515,500 67,540,353 16,885,088 84,425,441
Haskovo Trakiets 186 136,899 70,568 N/A 0.0 128,790 2 115,260 2 1,925.0 228 0 21 3 19 0 43,250 1,575,900 6,770,818 8,389,968 26,000 31,000 8,446,968 2,111,742 10,558,710
Plovdiv Karavelovo 125 19,549 11,357 N/A 0.0 18,133 2 5,600 1 48.0 43 0 6 0 2 0 25,825 98,200 372,502 496,527 1,225 500 498,252 124,563 622,815
Plovdiv Plovdiv 127 68,666 51,377 Polatovo weir 10.0 67,556 0 0 0 3,000.0 80 0 7 0 10 150,000 38,500 599,500 4,309,417 5,097,417 7,450 0 5,104,867 1,276,217 6,381,084
Plovdiv Rozino 126 7,196 1,000 Saraysoyu WI 0.3 10,507 0 0 0 0.0 24 0 2 0 0 0 22,000 65,500 251,015 338,515 0 0 338,515 84,629 423,144
Binkos weir intake,Mechkarevo weir, The
Sliven Sredna Tundzha 155 331,168 256,983 47.0 198,801 0 400,000 6 4,390.0 213 3 23 4 14 0 41,299 3,571,330 19,809,165 23,439,794 1,275,570 19,500 24,714,864 6,178,716 30,893,580
2 bridge of Samuilovo intake
Saltachnitsa RI, Stara RI, Maglizhka RI,
Stara Zagora Stara Zagora 169 355,606 337,677 Dabovska RI, Tundzha RI (serving Yagoda 0.8 222,400 0 0 3 3,965.0 491 5 75 0 11 27,000 49,900 3,370,500 21,265,441 24,712,841 71,800 106,220 24,890,861 6,222,715 31,113,576
PS) , Suytliyka RI
Yambol Sredna Tundzha 243 141,216 136,679 N/A 0.0 21,575 1 855 0 0.0 12 0 1 0 8 0 10,000 341,000 2,210,503 2,561,503 40,000 0 2,601,503 650,376 3,251,879
Sub Total 1,060,300 865,641 Sub Total 58.1 667,762 5 521,715 12 13,328.0 1,091 8 135 7 64 177,000 230,774 9,621,930 54,988,861 65,036,565 1,422,045 157,220 66,595,830 16,648,958 83,244,788
Burgas Tserkovski 6 6,362 3,664 Azmak RI 2.0 8,660 1 6,500 0 0.0 4 0 3 0 0 0 12,000 51,600 340,941 404,541 0 0 404,541 101,135 505,676
Burgas Kayabash 8 26,105 24,970 N/A 0.0 15,911 6 12,266 0 0.0 10 0 0 0 6 0 22,000 99,200 738,068 859,268 5,000 2,500 866,768 216,692 1,083,460
Haskovo Brod IA 197 6,687 N/A 0.0 7,740 0 0 1 1,400.0 29 0 2 0 0 0 0 169,000 175,974 344,974 52,000 56,000 452,974 113,244 566,218
Haskovo Ezerovo IA 195 11,704 4,144 Varbishka RI 0.7 17,231 1 5,500 0 0.0 26 0 3 0 4 0 18,000 82,000 463,746 563,746 11,000 0 574,746 143,687 718,433
Haskovo Dimitrovgrad IA 198 1,557 N/A 0.0 890 0 0 1 1,000.0 1 0 2 1 0 0 4,000 115,000 34,000 153,000 27,000 38,000 218,000 54,500 272,500
Haskovo Trakiets-VІІ 193 65,387 64,387 Banska RI 0.8 0 1 25,000 6 2,810.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,000 295,800 0 337,800 44,800 192,400 575,000 143,750 718,750
Haskovo Garvanovo IA 194 8,035 7,001 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 2 918.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,000 0 20,000 2,000 15,000 37,000 9,250 46,250
Haskovo Bolyartsi IA 241 2,000 2,000 N/A 0.0 0 1 260 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,600 0 0 2,600 650 3,250
Haskovo Nevestino IA 234 506 506 N/A 0.0 1,898 0 7 1 140.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,500 66,000 0 74,500 0 18,000 92,500 23,125 115,625
Haskovo Zvinitsa IA 224 4,282 4,282 N/A 0.0 0 1 1,230 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,000 0 59,000 50,000 5,000 114,000 28,500 142,500
Haskovo Prileptsi IA 230 3,870 3,870 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 2 680.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 17,000 0 22,000 5,500 4,000 31,500 7,875 39,375
Haskovo Daskalovo-Yavoritsa IA 222 1,700 N/A 0.0 0 1 371 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,710 0 0 3,710 928 4,638
Haskovo Petelovo IA 220 3,805 3,341 N/A 0.0 0 2 705 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,000 0 25,000 5,000 0 30,000 7,500 37,500
Haskovo Minzuhar IA 227 1,593 1,593 N/A 0.0 0 1 560 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,600 0 0 5,600 1,400 7,000
Haskovo Dyadovsko IA 228 2,548 2,548 N/A 0.0 0 1 544 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,000 0 0 8,000 5,000 0 13,000 3,250 16,250
Haskovo Zagorsko IA 236 570 440 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 84.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,500 0 16,500 16,000 0 32,500 8,125 40,625
Haskovo Iskril IA 237 1,250 1,250 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 56.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,000 0 70,000 25,000 25,000 120,000 30,000 150,000
Haskovo Dobromirtsi-Benkovski 232 15,383 15,383 N/A 0.0 443 1 8,000 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 5 0 8,000 48,000 17,199 73,199 15,000 0 88,199 22,050 110,249
Haskovo Parvitsa IA 233 2,698 2,298 Drainage WI Parvitsa 0.2 0 0 0 1 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 40,000 0 46,000 10,000 30,000 86,000 21,500 107,500
Haskovo Gruevo IA 235 1,645 1,645 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 210.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96,000 0 96,000 21,000 25,000 142,000 35,500 177,500
Haskovo Momina salza IA 238 1,060 910 N/A 0.0 0 1 175 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 0 0 2,000 500 2,500
Haskovo Nanovitsa IA 226 3,400 3,400 N/A 0.0 0 2 1,025 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,000 0 20,000 0 0 20,000 5,000 25,000
Haskovo Lale IA 225 2,350 2,350 Drainage WI Nanovishka river 100.0 0 1 350 1 84.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 0 0 8,500 0 0 8,500 2,125 10,625
Haskovo Karamfil-Sindeltsi IA 223 1,875 1,570 N/A 0.0 0 1 572 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 0 0 5,000 0 0 5,000 1,250 6,250
Haskovo Kamenyane IA 240 800 800 Drainage WI Krumovitsa river 60.0 0 0 0 2 104.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 60,000 0 65,000 16,000 24,000 105,000 26,250 131,250
Haskovo Strandzhevo IA 221 3,820 3,820 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 342.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,000 0 24,000 12,000 2,000 38,000 9,500 47,500
Haskovo Knizhovnik IA 188 8,390 3,146 N/A 0.0 9,386 1 2,516 0 0.0 25 0 4 0 0 0 12,000 140,400 242,236 394,636 20,000 0 414,636 103,659 518,295
Haskovo Sirakovo IA 189 5,220 3,840 N/A 0.0 1,811 1 2,172 0 0.0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,500 45,467 62,967 10,000 0 72,967 18,242 91,209
Haskovo Mandra IA 187 4,640 4,640 N/A 0.0 0 1 1,498 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,000 111,000 0 114,000 10,000 0 124,000 31,000 155,000
Haskovo Krivo pole IA 190 8,660 8,660 N/A 0.0 0 1 2,820 1 354.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 15,200 0 25,200 7,100 11,000 43,300 10,825 54,125
Haskovo Gledka IS 191 6,640 N/A 0.0 0 1 2,320 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,100 0 31,100 10,000 0 41,100 10,275 51,375
Haskovo Troyan-Navasen 202 10,640 N/A 0.0 0 1 6,000 2 572.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 203,000 0 263,000 40,000 81,000 384,000 96,000 480,000
Haskovo Polyanovo 204 10,970 10,970 N/A 0.0 0 0 8 1 800.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 130,000 0 135,000 50,000 50,000 235,000 58,750 293,750
Haskovo Izvorovo 201 11,490 7,348 N/A 0.0 0 1 3,810 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 22,000 0 28,000 12,000 5,000 45,000 11,250 56,250
Haskovo Dositeevo 200 30,482 26,255 N/A 0.0 0 1 9,000 1 1,350.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,000 0 240,000 40,000 70,000 350,000 87,500 437,500
Haskovo Oreshets 203 7,400 7,400 N/A 0.0 0 0 12 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 0 0 6,000 0 0 6,000 1,500 7,500
3
Haskovo Preslavets 205 8,451 N/A 0.0 12,000 0 0 1 1,050.0 8 0 3 0 0 0 0 127,000 371,325 498,325 25,000 30,000 553,325 138,331 691,656
Haskovo Harmanli-greenhouse 207 1,880 N/A 0.0 3,950 0 0 1 245.0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,000 70,225 118,225 5,000 20,000 143,225 35,806 179,031
Haskovo Harmanli drop 206 936 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 64.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,000 0 40,000 10,000 25,000 75,000 18,750 93,750
Haskovo Biser 209 35,377 10,590 N/A 0.0 42,832 3 2,070 1 1,660.0 31 0 7 0 1 0 0 230,000 2,122,076 2,363,776 10,000 0 2,373,776 593,444 2,967,220
Haskovo Novo selo 211 9,006 N/A 0.0 8,160 0 5 1 880.0 48 0 1 0 0 0 3,000 209,000 255,062 467,062 30,000 50,000 547,062 136,766 683,828
Haskovo Momkovo 212 17,091 5,572 N/A 0.0 12,049 0 0 1 1,260.0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 78,500 340,471 418,971 5,000 0 423,971 105,993 529,964
Haskovo Svilengrad 210 1,980 N/A 0.0 3,340 0 0 0 0.0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 16,000 62,315 78,315 0 0 78,315 19,579 97,894
Haskovo Lyubimets-1 217 8,100 N/A 0.0 7,600 0 0 1 800.0 14 0 2 0 0 0 0 60,000 207,920 267,920 0 0 267,920 66,980 334,900
Haskovo Gugutka 215 3,583 1,188 Arpa dere RI 280.0 0 0 0 1 280.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 20,000 0 30,000 5,000 10,000 45,000 11,250 56,250
Haskovo Dolno Lukovo 216 895 895 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 130.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haskovo Mandaritsa 219 1,411 N/A 0.0 0 0 0 1 200.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,000 0 80,000 30,000 30,000 140,000 35,000 175,000
Haskovo Bunarcha-Kapitan 208 4,720 2,932 N/A 0.0 0 1 2,336 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,360 0 0 23,360 5,840 29,200
Pazardzhik Varvara 72 73,517 37,210 Vetren dol WI, Eli dere RI 5.2 64,104 0 0 0 0.0 183 0 39 0 23 0 51,081 907,000 3,181,067 4,139,148 29,765 0 4,168,913 1,042,228 5,211,141
Kleptuza WI, Velingrad-2 PS WI, Manerovi
Pazardzhik Velingrad 75 17,582 6,664 1.3 61,484 1 1,105 1 990.0 70 0 34 0 12 30,000 22,401 512,820 1,807,422 2,372,643 37,611 43,000 2,453,254 613,314 3,066,568
skali WI
Pazardzhik Peshtera 74 35,968 18,959 Gerena WI, Kozarski ark WI, GG 0.0 36,337 0 0 0 0.0 97 0 3 0 2 20,000 20,900 245,500 1,255,287 1,541,687 4,440 0 1,546,127 386,532 1,932,659
Plovdiv Domlyan 128 70,816 35,494 Kurtovo WI 7.5 57,244 3 28,914 0 0.0 82 0 13 3 11 0 66,620 585,000 2,933,579 3,585,199 1,000 1,060 3,587,259 896,815 4,484,074
Plovdiv Chaya 1233 57,237 32,458 N/A 0.0 78,119 1 70 0 0.0 179 0 7 0 0 0 12,000 591,800 4,006,432 4,610,232 60,000 0 4,670,232 1,167,558 5,837,790
Plovdiv Popovitsa 1246 38,484 24,751 Cherkezitsa WI 1.2 39,964 0 0 2 4,600.5 99 0 17 0 2 0 0 480,000 1,637,589 2,117,589 0 50,000 2,167,589 541,897 2,709,486
Plovdiv Sushitsa 1232 19,925 15,465 N/A 0.0 4,750 1 4,600 0 0.0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 106,000 175,449 281,449 50,000 15,000 346,449 86,612 433,061
Plovdiv Bryagovo 1242 29,519 16,669 N/A 0.0 25,466 1 9,050 0 0.0 57 0 7 0 0 0 7,000 239,500 1,022,899 1,269,399 10,000 0 1,279,399 319,850 1,599,249
Plovdiv Vacha 122 115,852 75,385 Krichim WI, Bash weir WI 68.5 128,250 0 0 0 0.0 229 3 25 0 4 0 30,000 1,430,500 8,267,713 9,728,213 90,000 30,000 9,848,213 2,462,053 12,310,266
Plovdiv 40-te izvora 1231 27,495 27,253 N/A 0.0 13,202 1 3,800 0 0.0 45 0 2 0 0 0 3,000 139,000 487,934 667,934 0 0 667,934 166,984 834,918
Plovdiv Lenovo 1244 26,178 23,228 N/A 0.0 12,250 2 7,780 0 0.0 26 0 10 0 0 0 0 133,000 1,415,000 1,625,800 0 0 1,625,800 406,450 2,032,250
Plovdiv Mechka 1243 35,238 14,023 N/A 0.0 19,578 1 6,800 1 0.0 24 0 16 0 0 0 5,200 257,900 767,852 1,030,952 0 0 1,030,952 257,738 1,288,690
Plovdiv Parvomay 124 46,451 24,254 Beliya kamak WI 1.2 30,934 2 229 2 4,460.0 43 0 11 0 1 0 26,000 259,500 1,045,874 1,331,374 50,000 0 1,381,374 345,344 1,726,718
Sofia Ihtiman gravity 162 39,013 39,013 Baba RI (to B. dere) 1.2 21,578 1 11,100 0 0.0 12 0 0 8 0 0 8,000 92,000 783,212 894,212 0 0 894,212 223,553 1,117,765
Stara Zagora Dobri Dol 171 13,279 10,854 N/A 0.0 3,228 1 3,465 4 1,754.0 0 0 2 0 0 0 27,000 130,000 126,543 283,543 79,800 37,500 400,843 100,211 501,054
Stara Zagora Naydenovo 173 2,412 1,395 N/A 0.0 6,203 1 800 0 0.0 20 0 0 0 0 0 11,400 22,000 120,526 153,926 2,000 0 155,926 38,982 194,908
Stara Zagora Dolno Novo Selo 174 3,888 3,138 N/A 0.0 6,000 1 1,200 1 50.0 12 0 2 0 0 0 4,000 20,000 96,126 132,126 0 0 132,126 33,032 165,158
Stara Zagora IP-Chirpan PS IA 172 3,590 602 N/A 0.0 0 1 455 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,550 0 0 4,550 1,138 5,688
Stara Zagora Yulievo 170 6,381 6,381 N/A 0.0 2,896 0 0 1 630.0 5 0 1 0 1 0 0 74,200 180,000 254,200 3,600 200 258,000 64,500 322,500
Yambol Bolyarovo 246 49,754 49,754 N/A 0.0 4,573 2 44,860 0 0.0 2 0 1 0 0 0 12,000 44,400 317,051 373,451 6,000 3,000 382,451 95,613 478,064
Yambol Elhovo 245 39,954 22,120 Popovska RI 2.0 29,915 1 12,600 4 1,550.0 6 0 2 1 0 0 19,600 96,270 856,098 971,968 41,350 25,620 1,038,938 259,735 1,298,673
Yambol Yambol 244 23,419 23,419 Zaporna vrata intake 5.0 37,635 1 2,770 1 1,000.0 15 0 1 1 0 0 8,600 129,500 1,848,501 1,989,601 6,000 0 1,990,601 497,650 2,488,251
Sub Total 1,154,906 758,097 Sub Total 536.8 837,611 56 237,229 53 32,607.5 1,437 3 226 14 73 50,000 513,302 9,598,690 37,819,179 48,354,991 1,112,966 1,024,280 50,487,237 12,621,809 63,109,046

Total 3,164,686 2,190,414 Total 663.0 2,245,292 68 1,109,264 67 47,426 3,996 112 514 34 251 327,000 993,040 33,180,970 143,323,791 178,216,621 4,734,799 1,697,000 184,623,420 46,155,855 230,779,275

JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. 6-61

The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report - Main Report
in the Republic of Bulgaria Chapter 6

Table 6.3.3 Rehabilitation of Irrigation System List (WABD)

Intake structure: Irrigation
Reservoir Pump station Other structures on the canal (number) Required cost for improvement (EURO)
ITS canal
Potential Suitable Type of rehabilitation Cost for rehabilitation 10 % design,
Irrigation System: Distributio
Priority Regional Branch IS_ID area area Capacity Volume Total Distributio 5 % for control
IS Name of intake Length Number of Number of n Siphon: Tunnel: Aqueduct: Renovation Rehabilitation TOTAL
dka dka 3 3 3 capacity n points: New Intake Lining of Machinery Electricity acuities,
( RI : River Intake , WI : Water Intake) (m /s) (m) Dam (10 m ) Pump structures: S T A ITS, DP, DS, ITS, DP, DS, Const. cost TOTAL cost
(liter/sec) DP structure canal cost cost 10 % physical
DS S, T, A S, A, T
contingency
Gospodintsi village water intake, Tufcha
Gotse Delcev Gotse Delchev 56 50,818 39,130 river intake-MIC-4, Toplika river intake- 19.4 85,910 0 0 1 280 114 0 14 6 10 0 5,000 793,500 4,325,100 5,123,600 25,000 7,500 5,156,100 1,289,025 6,445,125
MIC-8 and MIC-9
Pernik Svircha IC IA 91 614 614 Svircha water intake 0.1 6,357 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 5,300 59,500 65,189 129,989 32,000 0 161,989 40,497 202,486
Pernik Dragovishtitsa 99 13,562 10,657 Dragovishtitsa water intake 2.5 33,490 1 150 0 0 66 0 2 0 1 0 4,000 232,500 1,308,088 1,544,588 113,000 12,000 1,669,588 417,397 2,086,985
Pernik Yamborano IA 85 2,038 1,831 N/A 0.0 9,052 0 0 0 0 28 0 4 0 0 0 10,000 60,000 212,782 282,782 7,500 0 290,282 72,571 362,853
Pernik Stensko PS IA 101 1,141 874 Stensko water intake 0.4 5,112 0 0 1 400 37 0 1 0 0 0 4,000 68,000 95,402 167,402 6,000 500 173,902 43,476 217,378
Pernik Razhdavitsa PS IA 81 1,933 1,609 Razhdavitsa PS water intake 0.4 5,031 0 0 1 440 17 0 1 0 0 0 10,000 47,000 90,972 147,972 11,500 0 159,472 39,868 199,340
Kopilovski gravity
Pernik 87 5,913 5,913 3.0 19,567 0 0 1 2,100 25 0 7 0 0 0 45,000 520,000 569,706 1,134,706 132,000 200,000 1,466,706 366,677 1,833,383
channel IC IA Struma water intake
Pernik Konyavo IC IA 110 5,858 5,858 Konyavski gravity channel water intake 1.4 19,391 0 0 0 0 51 0 2 0 0 0 13,000 131,000 698,086 842,086 0 0 842,086 210,522 1,052,608
Pernik Dolna Grashtitsa PS IA 88 1,430 N/A 0.0 267 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 0 5,000 0 0 5,000 1,250 6,250
Pernik Katrishte PA IA 89 1,755 Girchevtsi water intake 2.0 3,205 0 0 2 1,090 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 278,500 90,000 368,500 24,000 176,500 569,000 142,250 711,250
Pernik Lozno IA PS 84 2,100 2,100 Nov chiflik PS water intake 0.2 0 0 0 1 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,000 49,000 0 61,000 28,000 17,000 106,000 26,500 132,500
1
Pernik Nevestino PS IA 83 1,396 896 Nevestino PS water intake 0.8 3,835 0 0 1 615 11 0 1 0 0 0 15,200 21,500 65,244 101,944 18,000 0 119,944 29,986 149,930
Pernik Chetirtsi PS IA 108 849 609 Chetirtsi PS water intake 0.4 960 0 0 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 48,400 19,704 168,104 17,000 11,000 196,104 49,026 245,130
Gorna Grashtitsa
Pernik 100 1,521 1,521 0.0 1,839 1 200 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 9,000 19,000 21,862 49,862 11,200 0 61,062 15,266 76,328
reservoir IA N/A
Pernik Nikolichevska vada IC 104 100 100 N/A 0.0 1,858 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 20,289 26,289 0 0 26,289 6,572 32,861
Pernik Dromuharska vada IC IA 105 248 248 N/A 0.0 5,110 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,000 72,144 80,144 0 0 80,144 20,036 100,180
Pernik Drenov dol IA 96 12,288 8,180 Banska river water intake 1.0 11,277 2 3,505 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 34,000 198,757 245,757 30,000 0 275,757 68,939 344,696
Pernik Bersin-Bagrentsi IA 86 20,193 18,544 M-1 Bersin water intake, Granitsa water 0.5 46,111 2 6,800 0 0 142 0 13 0 0 20,000 10,000 313,500 1,036,696 1,380,196 56,700 3,000 1,439,896 359,974 1,799,870
Pernik Belia kamak IC IA 107 241 161 N/A 0.0 13,717 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 35,500 133,822 171,322 1,800 0 173,122 43,281 216,403
Water intake to HPP Sandanski
Sandanski Sandanska Bistritsa 154 37,495 31,754 0.0 68,160 1 960 1 800 73 0 0 6 0 0 23,775 243,000 1,910,255 2,177,030 122,400 5,000 2,304,430 576,108 2,880,538
compensating basin
Sandanski Mendovo-Kavrakirovo 146 3,080 3,080 N/A 0.0 8,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 36,000 242,576 278,576 12,700 0 291,276 72,819 364,095
Sandanski Strumeshnitsa 147 12,733 7,500 Water intake Petrich MIC 1.5 14,608 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 4 8 0 0 165,000 577,596 742,596 20,450 0 763,046 190,762 953,808
Sub Total 177,306 141,179 Sub Total 33.7 363,357 7 11,615 10 6,055 625 0 47 20 19 120,000 181,275 3,173,900 11,754,270 15,229,445 669,250 432,500 16,331,195 4,082,799 20,413,994
Blazhievski IC water itnake, Usoyski IC
water intake, Polski reservoir IC water
Dupnitsa Boboshevo 61 15,873 12,574 intake, Buranovo PS water intake, 3.1 35,710 0 0 3 1,450 127 0 6 2 8 42,000 52,000 373,000 853,719 1,320,719 28,000 0 1,348,719 337,180 1,685,899
Mursalevo PS water intake
Gl. Rilski IC water intake, Drachka ditch IC
Dupnitsa Rila 62 27,330 23,614 water intake, Glaven Porominovski IC 3.5 43,106 0 0 0 0 98 0 12 13 12 82,000 10,000 314,000 1,405,913 1,811,913 0 0 1,811,913 452,978 2,264,891
water intake
Arakchiyski IC water intake, Glaven
Dupnitsa Dupnitsa 60 26,526 16,807 1.2 35,226 0 0 0 0 71 1 8 17 4 76,000 2,500 216,000 759,748 1,054,248 0 0 1,054,248 263,562 1,317,810
Gyurgevski IC water intake
Bistritsa derivation water intake, Otovitsa
Dupnitsa Dyakovo reservoir 59 18,234 18,234 3.4 36,955 1 35,400 0 0 4 4 5 8 6 0 20,000 515,000 250,636 785,636 69,000 0 854,636 213,659 1,068,295
2 river intake
Lyav Blagoevgrad MIC water intake,
Tuhlarska ditch IC water intake, Tsentralna
Dupnitsa Blagoevgrad 63 16,029 15,129 ditch IC water intake, Water intake to Belo 2.3 22,500 0 0 4 2,155 27 0 2 0 3 190,000 25,500 99,000 499,902 814,402 11,840 2,500 828,742 207,186 1,035,928
pole PS , Zelen dol PS water intake,
Gotse Delcev Razlog 58 28,692 18,428 N/A 4.6 24,290 1 110 0 0 92 0 4 0 0 0 0 202,000 629,365 831,365 2,000 0 833,365 208,341 1,041,706
Sandanski Pirinska Bistritsa 150 38,721 38,721 MIC Pirinska Bistritsa water intake 0.0 73,433 0 0 1 700 174 0 15 4 23 0 14,600 914,380 2,978,351 3,907,331 62,000 0 3,969,331 992,333 4,961,664
Sandanski Kozhuh 145 16,128 14,000 N/A 0.0 9,800 0 0 1 1,400 11 0 1 0 0 0 0 72,100 399,489 471,589 13,500 1,600 486,689 121,672 608,361
Sandanski Valtata 148 4,738 4,738 N/A 0.0 0 1 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,000 0 14,000 14,000 0 28,000 7,000 35,000
Sandanski Svoboda 144 10,100 10,100 N/A 0.0 9,460 0 0 1 2,000 0 0 2 1 10 0 0 81,600 227,678 309,278 17,300 0 326,578 81,645 408,223
Sub Total 202,371 172,345 Sub Total 18.0 290,480 3 36,410 10 7,705 604 5 55 45 66 390,000 124,600 2,801,080 8,004,801 11,320,481 217,640 4,100 11,542,221 2,885,555 14,427,776
Dupnitsa Leshko 64 31,825 28,512 N/A 0.0 9,050 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 65,000 426,385 491,385 300 0 491,685 122,921 614,606
Gotse Delcev Ablanitsa 57 2,500 1,950 N/A 0.4 0 0 0 1 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,000 0 30,000 0 30,000 60,000 15,000 75,000
Pernik Begunovtsi IA 109 3,000 3,000 Begunovtsi reservoir water intake 0.4 1,658 2 1,554 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 19,500 14,500 37,307 71,307 0 0 71,307 17,827 89,134
Pernik Dolna Dikanya 76 27,379 25,879 N/A 0.0 4,000 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3,000 176,500 128,960 308,460 0 0 308,460 77,115 385,575
Pernik Izvor 77 18,917 17,817 Izvor reservoir water intake 0.0 10,700 1 7 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 288,000 354,642 652,642 3,000 0 655,642 163,911 819,553
3
Pernik Pchelina 79 18,167 18,167 N/A 0.0 24,761 2 55,325 1 4,125 0 0 11 2 2 0 1,000 385,000 1,631,556 2,028,806 0 0 2,028,806 507,202 2,536,008
Pernik Yardzhilovtsi 78 8,003 8,003 Yardzhilovtsi water intake 0.8 0 1 1 1 786 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,000 19,000 0 22,000 0 0 22,000 5,500 27,500
Sandanski Ograzhden 153 4,360 4,360 N/A 0.0 19,960 0 0 1 200 40 0 17 0 0 0 0 250,000 692,016 942,016 10,000 0 952,016 238,004 1,190,020
Sandanski Asen Itov 152 13,555 13,555 N/A 0.0 29,540 0 0 2 1,700 35 0 10 3 4 0 11,020 214,000 899,907 1,124,927 61,000 0 1,185,927 296,482 1,482,409
Sub Total 127,706 121,243 Sub Total 1.5 99,669 7 56,895 6 7,161 92 0 45 5 6 0 47,520 1,442,000 4,170,773 5,671,543 74,300 30,000 5,775,843 1,443,961 7,219,804

Total 507,383 434,767 Total 53.2 753,506 17 104,919 26 20,921 1,321 5 147 70 91 510,000 353,395 7,416,980 23,929,844 32,221,469 961,190 466,600 33,649,259 8,412,315 42,061,574

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

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 Table 6.8.1 Summary of the Proposed Programme of Measures for Water Quality and Water

JICA
Quantity Improvement and Management
Category Structural Measures Non-structural Measures
1. Water Quality Improvement 1) EABD high priority towns 1) Cooperation with municipality for water quality
and Management • New WWTPs: 17 towns management.
• Renovation of the existing WWTPs: 4 towns • Recommendable to start from some pilot
• Improve. / expansion / new sewer networks: 22 towns municipalities for monitoring works.
• Construction cost 2) Strengthening of regulation for wastewater
in the Republic of Bulgaria

WWTPs (new & renovation): EUR 206 mil. discharge.

Sewer networks: EUR. 1628 mil. • From Industries and Big Animal Breeding
Sub-total: EUR. 1834 mil. Firms.
3) Improvement of surface monitoring system for water
2) WABD high priority towns quality.
• New WWTPs: 6 towns
The Study on Integrated Water Management

• To ensure stable monitoring, selection of Key

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd.

• Renovation of the existing WWTPs: 3 towns and Important Monitoring Zones / Stations and
• Improve. / Expansion / New Sewer Networks: 9 towns measure with municipalities.
• Construction Cost • Capacity building and stage-wise
WWTPs (New & Renovation): EUR 72 mil. implementation of the new monitoring
Sewer Networks: EUR. 537 mil. program.
Sub-total: EUR. 609 mil. • Quality control program to be formulated and
3) Implementation schedule: Year 2011 to 2018 implemented.
2. Water Quantity Improvement
and Management
2.1 Improvement of Water Supply 1) Replacement of water supply pipes 1) Review and improvement of water use permission
Systems • Whole Bulgaria: about 62,288, 000 m for optimum water use.
• Total cost: about EUR 11,809 million 2) Monitoring/measurement of water intake volume.
3) Improvement of quality of data required for water
2) Long-term and to be started as soon as possible. management.
2.2 Improvement of Irrigation Improvement of intake, water transfer and distribution facilities:
and Water Quantity Improvement and Management

Systems 1) EABD
• 5 Irrigation Systems in 3 Irrigation Branches.
• Construction Cost: EUR. 84 mil.
2) WABD
• 5 Irrigation Systems in 3 Irrigation Branches.
• Construction Cost: EUR. 20 mil.
Table 6.8.1 Summary of the Proposed Programme of Measures for Water Quality

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Chapter 6
Final Report - Main Report

3) Implementation schedule: Year 2011 to 2018

Final Report - Main Report The Study on Integrated Water Management
Chapter 6 in the Republic of Bulgaria

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