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Abstract

The abstract should provide a concise summary of the key points of the paper, including the purpose, methods, scope, results, and conclusions. It is meant to give readers a quick understanding of the overall content and should be able to stand alone without needing to refer to the full paper. An abstract is usually a single paragraph or multiple short paragraphs and should be no more than 10-15% the length of the original paper. It is important that an abstract is clear, concise, and written in plain language to effectively attract and inform readers about the paper.

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121 views12 pages

Abstract

The abstract should provide a concise summary of the key points of the paper, including the purpose, methods, scope, results, and conclusions. It is meant to give readers a quick understanding of the overall content and should be able to stand alone without needing to refer to the full paper. An abstract is usually a single paragraph or multiple short paragraphs and should be no more than 10-15% the length of the original paper. It is important that an abstract is clear, concise, and written in plain language to effectively attract and inform readers about the paper.

Uploaded by

RAGNAROKX79
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AbstractWriting

Whatisanabstract?
Theabstractisaminiversionofthethesis.It shouldgiveabriefsummaryofthemainsections ofthepaper.Inotherwords,itisasummaryof the"information"thethesiscontains.

Typesofabstracts

DescriptiveAbstracts
Tellreaderswhatinformationthereport, article,orpapercontains. Includethepurpose,methods,andscopeofthe report,article,orpaper. Donotprovideresults,conclusions,or recommendations. Arealwaysveryshort,usuallyunder100words.

Typesofabstracts InformativeAbstracts
Communicatespecificinformationfromthereport, article,orpaper. Includethepurpose,methods,andscopeofthe report,article,orpaper. Providethereport,article,orpaper'sresults, conclusions,andrecommendations. Areshortfromaparagraphtoapageortwo, dependinguponthelengthoftheoriginalwork beingabstracted.Usuallyinformativeabstractsare 10%orlessofthelengthoftheoriginalpiece.

Itspurpose:
Togivereadersaquickidentificationofthe basiccontentofthethesis.Itshould"standon itsown"andbeaselfcontaineddocument.There shouldbenoneedtolookelsewhereinthethesis foranunderstandingofwhatissaidinthe abstract.

Length:
Theabstractshouldbeveryconcisethe maximumlengthbeing50%ofonepage.Thismeans youwillneedtoeconomiseyouruseofwordsand tieideastogether.Usethemostpreciseand relevantwordstobestexpressthecontentof theabstract.

Content:
Theabstractcanbewrittenasonelarge paragraph,orforeasyreadingyoucanuse paragraphsforeachsectionofthecontent. Paragraph1shouldcontainyourobjectivesand scope,Paragraph2adescriptionofthemethods used,Paragraph3asummaryoftheresults,and Paragraph4astatementofthemainconclusions.

Otherconsiderations:
Theabstractisusuallywritteninthepasttense becausetheresearchisalreadydone.Inother words,writethethesisfirst! Whilefirstperson("I","we")maybeusedinthe bodyofyourthesis,youmustusethirdperson (passive)intheabstract.

DONOTincludeabbreviationsoracronymsinyour abstract. DONOTuseheadingsforyourabstractparagraphs. (e.g.Objectives,Methods,Resultsand Conclusions)

Keepyourabstractclearandsimpleyouare tryingtoshowthekeypointsofyourthesisto attractinterest. Alwayscheckyourgrammar,spelling,and formatting.

Remember:
Theabstractisthefirstthingareader reads.Itisanindicationofthequalityof yourthesisandwhatistocomeforthe reader.Impressionsdrawnfromthereadingof theabstractgreatlyimpactthereadingof yourthesis..

OBJECTIVE(S)

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigate... Anotheraimwastofindout... Finally,...wasexaminedinthestudy.

METHOD(S)
(X)methodwasapplied.(Eg. quantitative/qualitative) Thestudy/thesis/questionnaire/opinionexamined, focusedon,wasconducted,carriedout,sentout, administered Questionnairesweresentout/administered... (Xnumber)responseswerereceived

RESULT(S)/CONCLUSION(S)

Theresultsofthestudywerethat... Itwasfound/discoveredthat... Theresultsrevealed/indicated... Themainconclusionwasthat... Oneconclusionwasthat...

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