Chapter 2

Swing( 10M)

 Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and

lightweight components.

 The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such
as JButton, JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton, JCheckbox,
JMenu, JColorChooser etc.

 Swing is a set of classes that provides more powerful and

flexible components than are possible with the AWT.

 In addition to the familiar components, such as buttons,

check boxes, and labels, Swing supplies several exciting
additions, including tabbed panes, scroll panes, trees,
and tables.

 Even familiar components such as buttons have more

capabilities in Swing. For example, a button may have
both an image and a text string associated with it.

 Also,the image can be changed as the state of the button

changes.

 Unlike AWT components, Swing components are not

implemented by platform-specific code. Instead, they are
written entirely in Java and, therefore, are platform-
 independent. The term lightweight is used to describe
such elements.

 The Swing-related classes are contained in javax.swing

 Java Swing is implemented entirely in the Java programming

language.

*Why AWT components are heavy-weight while Swing components are

light-weight in Java?

 First of all, by a heavy-weight, it means the code will take comparatively more time to
load and it will consume more System resources. AWT is considered to be heavy-
weight because its components are dependent on the underlying Operating System.
For instance, When we create an object of java.awt.Checkbox class, its underlying
Operating System will generate a checkbox for us. This is also the reason, AWT
components are platform dependent.

what is JFC in swing

JFC is short for Java Foundation Classes, which encompass a group of features for
building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and adding rich graphics functionality and
interactivity to Java applications

The hierarchy of java swing API is given below

.

Difference between AWT and Swing

There are many differences between java awt and swing that are given
below.
No. Java AWT Java Swing
AWT components are platform- Java swing components are
1)
dependent. platform-independent.
Swing components are
2) AWT components are heavyweight.
lightweight.
AWT doesn't support pluggable Swing supports pluggable
3)
look and feel. look and feel.
Swing provides more
powerful components such
AWT provides less components than
4) as tables, lists, scrollpanes,
Swing.
colorchooser, tabbedpane
etc.
AWT doesn't follows MVC(Model
View Controller) where model
5) represents data, view represents Swing follows MVC.
presentation and controller acts as an
interface between model and view.

 What is JFC
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components which
simplify the development of desktop applications.

A container has several layers in it. You can think of a layer as

a transparent film that overlays the container. In Java Swing,
the layer that is used to hold objects is called the content pane.
Objects are added to the content pane layer of the container.
The getContentPane() method retrieves the content
pane layer so that you can add an object to it.
getContentPane().setBackground(Color.YELLOW);

JApplet

 JApplet is rich with functionality that is not found in Applet. For

example, JApplet supports various “panes,” such as the
contentpane, the glass pane, and the root pane
 The content pane can be obtained via the method shown here:
Container getContentPane( )

Swing Components
1)JLABEL

 JLabel class, which extends JComponent.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JLabelDemo" width=250 height=150>
</applet>
*/
public class JLabelDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane(); //background to display
components
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Create an icon
ImageIcon img = new ImageIcon("register.jpg");
// Create a label
JLabel j = new JLabel("HELLO", img,JLabel.LEFT);
// Add label to the content pane
contentPane.add(j);
}
}
2)JBUTTON
 The JButton class provides the functionality of a push
button
 Swing buttons are subclasses of the AbstractButton
class, which extends JComponent.

*JButton program using frame

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class swingframe extends JFrame

{

swingframe()
{
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

JButton b=new JButton("click"); //creating instance of JButton

b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);

contentPane.add(b); //adding button in JFrame

}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
swingframe s=new swingframe();
s.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
s.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
s.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
}
}
Button using Event Handling
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JButtonDemo" width=250 height=300>
</applet>*/
public class JButtonDemo extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JTextField t1;
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Add buttons to content pane

ImageIcon img= new ImageIcon("jpgIcon.jpg");
JButton jb = new JButton(img);
t1 = new JTextField(20);

jb.setActionCommand("pressed");
jb.addActionListener(this);

contentPane.add(jb);
contentPane.add(t1);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
t1.setText(ae.getActionCommand());
}
}
3)JCHECKBOX
 The JCheckBox class, which provides the functionality of a
check box, is a concrete implementation of
AbstractButton. Its immediate superclass is
JToggleButton, which provides support for two-state
buttons.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JCheckBoxDemo" width=400 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class JCheckBoxDemo extends JApplet
{
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Create icons
ImageIcon img1 = new ImageIcon("jpgIcon.jpg");
ImageIcon img2= new ImageIcon("Winter.jpg");
ImageIcon img3 = new ImageIcon("Sunset.jpg");

// Add check boxes to the content pane

JCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox("C",img1);
contentPane.add(cb);

cb.setRolloverIcon(img2);
cb.setSelectedIcon(img3);

jtf = new JTextField(15);

contentPane.add(jtf);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie)
{
JCheckBox cb = (JCheckBox)ie.getItem();
jtf.setText(cb.getText());
}
}

4)JRADIOBUTTON
 Radio buttons are supported by the JRadioButton class,
which is a concrete implementation of AbstractButton. Its
immediate superclass is JToggleButton, which provides
support for two-state buttons

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JRadioButtonDemo" width=300 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class JRadioButtonDemo extends JApplet implements
ActionListener
{
public void init()
{
JTextField tf;
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Add radio buttons to content pane

JRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton("A");
contentPane.add(b1);

JRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton("B");

contentPane.add(b2);
// Define a button group

ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();

bg.add(b1);
bg.add(b2);

tf = new JTextField(15);
contentPane.add(tf);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
tf.setText(ae.getActionCommand());
}
}
5)JCOMBOBOX

 Swing provides a combo box (a combination of a text field

and a drop-down list)through the JComboBox class, which
extends JComponent
 Items are added to the list of choices via the addItem()
method
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JComboBoxDemo" width=300 height=100>
</applet>
*/
public class JComboBoxDemo extends JApplet
implements ItemListener
{
JLabel jl;
ImageIcon Winter,Sunset;

public void init()

{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Create a combo box and add it

JComboBox jc = new JComboBox();
jc.addItem("Winter");
jc.addItem("Sunset");

jc.addItemListener(this);
contentPane.add(jc);

// Create label
jl = new JLabel();
contentPane.add(jl);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie)
{
String s = (String)ie.getItem();
ImageIcon i=new ImageIcon(s + ".jpg");
jl.setIcon(i);
}
}
6) JScrollPane
 Scroll panes are implemented in Swing by the JScrollPane
class, which extends JComponent.
Constant Description
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS Always provide horizontal scroll bar
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED Provide horizontal scroll bar,if needed
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS Always provide vertical scroll bar
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED Provide vertical scroll bar,if needed

Here are the steps that you should follow to use a scroll pane in an
applet:
1. Create a panel object.
2. Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the constructor
specify the component and the VALUES for vertical and horizontal
scroll bars.)
3. Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JScrollPaneDemo" width=300 height=250>
</applet>
*/
public class JScrollPaneDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();

JPanel jp = new JPanel(); //step1-create panel object

jp.setLayout(new GridLayout(5,5));

int b = 0;
for(int i = 0; i <10; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j <10; j++)
{
jp.add(new JButton("Button " + b));
b++;
}
}
// Add panel to a scroll pane
int v = ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
int h = ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS;

JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(jp, v, h);

// step 2 -Create a JScrollPane object

// Add scroll pane to the content pane

contentPane.add(jsp);
//Step 3. Add the scroll pane to the contentpane
}
}
7)JTabbedPane
 Tabbed panes are encapsulated by the JTabbedPane
class, which extends JComponent. We will use its default
constructor. Tabs are defined via the following method:
void addTab(String str, Component comp)
The general procedure to use a tabbed pane in an applet is outlined
here:
1. Create a JTabbedPane object.
2. Call addTab( ) to add a tab to the pane. (The arguments to this
method define
the title of the tab and the component it contains.)
3. Repeat step 2 for each tab.
4. Add the tabbed pane to the content pane of the applet.

import javax.swing.*;
/*
<applet code="JTabbedPaneDemo" width=400 height=100>
</applet>
*/

public class JTabbedPaneDemo extends JApplet

{
public void init()
{
JTabbedPane jtp = new JTabbedPane();

jtp.addTab("Cities", new CitiesPanel());

jtp.addTab("Colors", new ColorsPanel());

getContentPane().add(jtp);
}
}

class CitiesPanel extends JPanel

{
public CitiesPanel()
{
JButton b1 = new JButton("New York");
add(b1);
JButton b2 = new JButton("London");
add(b2);
}
}
class ColorsPanel extends JPanel
{
public ColorsPanel()
{
JCheckBox cb1 = new JCheckBox("Red");
add(cb1);
JCheckBox cb2 = new JCheckBox("Green");
add(cb2);
}
}

8)JTable
 Tables are implemented by the JTable class, which extends
JComponent.
 One of its constructors is shown here:
JTable(Object data[ ][ ], Object colHeads[ ])

 Here, data is a two-dimensional array of the information to

be presented, and colHeads is a one-dimensional array with
the column headings.

Here are the steps for using a table in an applet:

1. Create a JTable object.
2. Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the
constructor specify the table
and the values for vertical and horizontal scroll bars.)
3. Add the table to the scroll pane.
4. Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/*
<applet code="JTableDemo" width=400 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class JTableDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

// Initialize column headings

String colheads[] = { "Name", "Div", "phone" };

// Initialize data
Object data[][] = {
{ "abc", "CO5B", "8675" },
{ "xyz", "CO5B", "5555" },
{ "pqr", "CO5B", "5887" },
{ "lmn", "CO5B", "9222" }
};

// Create the table

JTable table = new JTable(data, colheads);
int v = ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
int h = ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(table, v, h);
// Add scroll pane to the content pane
contentPane.add(jsp, BorderLayout.WEST);

}
}

9)JTREE
 Trees are implemented in Swing by the JTree class, which
extends JComponent.
 Some of its constructors are shown here:
JTree(Hashtable ht)
JTree(Object obj[ ])
JTree(TreeNode tn)
JTree(Vector v)
 The getPathForLocation( ) method is used to translate a
mouse click on a specific point of the tree to a tree path.
 The DefaultMutableTreeNode class implements the
MutableTreeNode interface.It represents a node in a tree

Here are the steps that you should follow to use a tree in an
applet
1. Create a JTree object.
2. Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the
constructor specify the tree
and the policies for vertical and horizontal scroll bars.)
3. Add the tree to the scroll pane.
4. Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.tree.*;
/*
<applet code="JTreeEvents" width=400 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class JTreeEvents extends JApplet
{
JTree tree;
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
// Get content pane
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

// Create top node of tree

DefaultMutableTreeNode top = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("top");

// Create subtree of "A"

DefaultMutableTreeNode A = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
top.add(A);

DefaultMutableTreeNode a1 = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A1");

A.add(a1);
DefaultMutableTreeNode a2 = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A2");
A.add(a2);
// Create tree
tree = new JTree(top);
contentPane.add(tree);
jtf = new JTextField(20);
contentPane.add(jtf, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
tree.addMouseListener(new MyMouseAdapter());
}
class MyMouseAdapter extends MouseAdapter
{
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)
{
TreePath tp = tree.getPathForLocation(me.getX(), me.getY());
if(tp != null)
jtf.setText(tp.toString());
else
jtf.setText("");
}
}
}

JProgressBar

JProgressBar is a part of Java Swing package. JProgressBar visually displays

the progress of some specified task. JProgressBar shows the percentage of
completion of specified task.The progress bar fills up as the task reaches it
completion. In addition to show the percentage of completion of task, it can
also display some text .

import javax.swing.*;
class ProgressBarExample extends JFrame
{
JProgressBar jb;
int i=0,num=0;

ProgressBarExample()
{
jb=new JProgressBar(0,2000);
 jb.setBounds(40,40,160,30);
jb.setValue(0);
jb.setStringPainted(true);
add(jb);
setSize(250,150);
setLayout(null);
}

public void iterate()

{
while(i<=2000){
jb.setValue(i);
i=i+20;
try{Thread.sleep(150);}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ProgressBarExample m=new ProgressBarExample();
m.setVisible(true);
m.iterate();
}
}

Tool tip
You can create a tool tip for any JComponent with setToolTipText() method. This method is used to set
up a tool tip for the component.

For example, to add tool tip to PasswordField, you need to add only one line of code:
import javax.swing.*;

public class ToolTipExample

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JFrame f=new JFrame("Password Field Example");

//Creating PasswordField and label

JPasswordField value = new JPasswordField();
value.setBounds(100,100,100,30);

value.setToolTipText("Enter your Password");

JLabel l1=new JLabel("Password:");
l1.setBounds(20,100, 80,30);
//Adding components to frame
f.add(value); f.add(l1);
f.setSize(300,300);
 f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}