Α. L Ε. Ε.

No. 2 2
July-1925

Α. I. Ε. Ε. STAT^DARDS

D i s c o n n e c t i n g a n d H o r n G a p S w i t c h e s

Published by
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
3 3 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York

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 Development of the Standards
of the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers

Recognizing the importance in the development of electrical engineering, of standardization

in the electrical field, the A. I. E . E . in 1898 appointed a Committee on Standardization, consisting
of seven members having qualifications and experience from designing, manufacturing and opera­
ting standpoints. The report of this Committee was accepted at a meeting of the Institute in
June 1899.

Experience gained in applications of the standards and further developments in electrical

apparatus and methods showed the necessity of revision, and a committee was appointed which
after consultation with manufacturing and operating engineers presented the first revised report on
Standardization Rules of the A . I. E . E . in June 1902.

The next revision was undertaken by a committee of ten, which presented its report in
M a y 1906.

In September 1906, a Standards Committee ot eleven members was appointed for further
revision, and its report was presented in June 1907.

The appreciation of the importance and value of standardization resulted in the formation of a
Standing Committee, with the title of Standards Committee of the A . I. E . E . This became
effective in the Constitution of June 1907. The scope and amount of work necessitated increasing
the number of members from time to time until in 1922 there were 37 members divided into a
number of subcommittees specializing on various subjects.

A . I. E . E . Standards published in a single volume as each revision was adopted have been
generally accepted as Standards of the electrical industry of the United States since the adoption
of the first report in 1899. Subsequent reports on Standards were made and published in some
cases in several editions. The dates of adoption by the Board of Directors of such reports are as
follows: June 20, 1902; June 21, 1907; June 27, 1911; July 10, I 9 I 4 ; June 30, I 9 I 5 ; June 28, I 9 I 6 ;
November 8, 1918; October 8, 1920, and June 29, 1922.

On June 29, 1922, in view of the increasing complexity of the work, a reorganization of the
Standards Committee was efiected, and a working organization established which provided for an
increase in standardization work and for the appointment on Working Committees of the Standards
Committee of non-Institute members.

The present plan under which the Institute Standards are being issued involves the separa­
tion of the complete body of Standards into forty—or more—sections, each published as a
separate pamphlet and dealing with a specific subject. Each section of the Standards has been
formulated by a Working Committee of the Standards Committee which has been made as repre­
sentative as possible for the work in hand. The division of the Standards into a number ot separate
publications simplifies the process of keeping the Standards revised to conform with the latest
developments and enables those interested in a particular field to ohtain in concise form the
material relating to that field. In framing the Institute Standards the chief purpose has been to
define terms and conditions which characterize the rating and behavior of electrical machinery and
apparatus, with special reference to the conditions of acceptance tests.

The Standards Committee takes this occasion to draw attention to the value ot suggestions
based upon experience gained in the application ot the Standards to general practise. Any sug­
gestions looking toward improvement in the Standards will be welcomed tor the guidance ot the
Committee in preparation of future editions, and should be communicated to the Secretary of the
A. I. E . E . Standards Committee, 33 West 39th Street, New York.

Copyright 1925 by A . I . B . E .

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Scope - 5

Service Conditions 5

Definitions ^

Rating 7

Heating

Temperature Limitations 7

Conditions and M e t h o d s of M a k i n g the Temperature T e s t 7

Dielectric Test ^

N a m e Plate M a r k i n g s 8

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

T h e Institute wishes to a c k n o w l e d g e its indebtedness to those w h o

have so freely given their time and k n o w l e d g e and have conducted e x ­
perimental w o r k o n which many of the A . I. E. E. Standards are based.

T h e f o l l o w i n g Societies, directly o r through their committees, have

given h'elpful cooperation in the development of this Standard.

T h e A s s o c i a t e d Manufacturers of Electrical Supphes.

T h e Electric P o w e r Club.

T h e National Electric L i g h t Association.

T h e A . I. E . E. C o m m i t t e e on Protective Devices.

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 STANDARDS
OF T H E

American Institute of Electrical Engineers

DISCONNECTING A N D H O R N GAP SWITCHES
(Adopted b y the B o a r d of Directors, June 2 5 , 1 9 2 5 . )

SCOPE DEFINITIONS

T h e s e standards apply t o all types of disconnect­ Definitions given herein apply specifically to the
ing and horn gap switches whether for indoor or apparatus treated in this section. T h e y are in­
o u t d o o r service. cluded with all other standard definitions in a
separate section.
SERVICE CONDITIONS
22-50 Switch.—A switch is a device for making,
22-1 Usual Service Conditions.—Disconnecting and breaking or c h a n g i n g the connections in an elec­
horn g a p switches c o n f o r m i n g to these stand­ tric circuit.
ards shall be suitable for operating at their
22-51 Knife Switch.—A knife switch is a switch in
standard ratings:
which the m o v i n g element is usually a hinged
(a) W h e n and w h e r e the temperature of the blade w h i c h enters o r embraces the contact clips.
c o o l i n g m e d i u m does not e x c e e d 40 deg. cent. In some cases however, the blade is not hinged
( b ) W h e r e the altitude does not e x c e e d 1000 and is removable.
meters (3300 ft.).
22-52 Air-Break Switch.—An air-break switch is a
22-2 Unusual Service Conditions.—The use of ap­ switch which breaks the circuit in air. H o r n - g a p
paratus in c o o l i n g m e d i u m s having temperatures switches and the disconnecting switches covered
higher than 40 deg. cent, o r at altitudes greater b y the rules in this section are "air-break
than 1000 meters (3300 ft.) should be considered switches."
as special.* 22-53 Disconnecting Switch. — A disconnecting
22-3 Conditions Affecting Constructional or Pro­ switch is a form of a knife switch used primarily
tective Features.—There are conditions which, t o isolate apparatus for inspection or repair or
while not usually affecting the rating, m a y re­ as a transfer switch so that the circuit connec­
quire special consideration, principally with re­ tions may be changed. It is a switch for open­
spect t o constructional or protective features. ing the circuit only after the main current has
W h e r e such conditions exist it is r e c o m m e n d e d been interrupted by other means.
that they be b r o u g h t to the manufacturer's at­ 22-54 Horn-Gap Disconnecting Switch. — A horn-
tention. A m o n g such conditions are: gap switch is a switch in which the arc is broken
(a) E x p o s u r e to damaging fumes or vapors. either b y means of a switch-blade and an arc-
(b) E x p o s u r e to excessive dust. horn or by the arc-horns themselves.
(c) E x p o s u r e t o salt spray. It m a y be specified t o interrupt o n e o r m o r e
(d) E x p o s u r e s t o excessive high or l o w t e m ­ of the f o l l o w i n g :
peratures. ( a ) T r a n s f o r m e r exciting currents
(e) E x p o s u r e to vibration or shock. (b) L i n e charging currents
(f) Operation in damp places o r exposure to (c) L o a d currents
weather, for i n d o o r equipment only. 22-55 Single-Throw Disconnecting Switch.— A
single-throw disconnecting switch is a discon­
*(a) Voltage Rating: F o r a p p l i c a t i o n at a l t i t u d e s g r e a t e r
t h a n 1 0 0 0 m e t e r s ( 3 3 0 0 f t . ) it is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t t h e s t a n d ­ necting switch by which a circuit can be closed
ard v o l t a g e rating o f the apparatus s h o u l d b e multiplied b y o r opened by m o v i n g the switch blade through
the following factors to obtain the modified voltage r a t i n g :
an angle (usually 90 d e g . ) with the hinge chp
Altitude Correction
in f e e t Factors
o r clips as a center.
3300 1.00 22-56 Double-Throw Disconnecting Switch.—A
4000 0.98
5000 0.95
double-throw disconnecting switch is a discon­
10000 0.80 necting switch b y which a change in circuit c o n ­
(6) Temperature Rise: F o r apparatus intended for service nections can be obtained by m o v i n g the switch
at a l t i t u d e s g r e a t e r t h a n 1 0 0 0 m e t e r s ( 3 3 0 0 f t . ) it is p r o v i s i o n ­ blade o r blades through an angle (usually 180
ally a g r e e d that the permissible t e m p e r a t u r e rises ( a s deter­
m i n e d b y test at l o w a l t i t u d e — 1 0 0 0 m e t e r s o r l e s s ) s h a l l b e d e g . ) with the hinge clip or clips as a center.
less t h a n s p e c i f i e d in t h e s e s t a n d a r d s b y f o u r - t e n t h s o f o n e p e r
c e n t o f t h e s p e c i f i e d r i s e f o r e a c h 100 m e t e r s ( 3 3 0 f t . ) o f 22-57 Front-Connected Switch.—A front-connected
altitude in excess of 1000 meters ( 3 3 0 0 f t . ) . switch is a switch in w h i c h the current carrying

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6 Α. I. Ε. Ε. STANDARDS

c o n d u c t o r s are fastened to the fixed contact switches. It is customary a b o v e 100,000 volts to

blocks in front of the mounting. provide the h o o k with a g r o u n d i n g chain.
22-58 Back-Connected Switch.—A b a c k - c o n n e c t e d 22-71 Blade Latch.—A blade latch is a latch used
switch is a switch in w h i c h the current carrying o n a switch to hold the switch blade in the
conductors are fastened to the fixed contact closed position.
b l o c k s in the rear of the mounting. 22-72 Conducting Parts. — Conducting parts are
those designed t o carry current o r which are
22-59 Automatic Trip.—Automatic trip is the open­
ing (other than manually) of a disconnecting or conductively connected therewith.
horn-gap switch due to changes in current o r 22-73 Contact.—A contact is a conducting part de­
voltage or other electrical conditions. signed to be united b y pressure to another c o n ­
T h i s may be a c c o m p l i s h e d b y the use of any ducting part for the purpose of carrying current.
one of the f o l l o w i n g d e v i c e s : 22-74 Contact Surface.—A contact surface is a sur­
face c o m m o n to t w o conducting parts, united b y
(a) Self-contained overload trip c o n n e c t e d
pressure, for the purpose of carrying current.
to current transformers w i t h or without relays.
22-75 Grounded Parts.—Grounded parts are those
( b ) Shunt trip energized through relays,
operated b y current o r potential transformers. parts which may be considered to have the same
(c) Self-contained series trip directly c o n ­ potential as the earth.
nected in the circuit. 22-76 Tight ( A s a SufSx).—Apparatus is desig­
( d ) U n d e r v o l t a g e trip with o r without poten­ nated as water-tight, dust-tight, etc., w h e n s o
tial transformers. constructed that the enclosing case will exclude
the specified material.
22-60 Contact Clip.—The contact clip is the clip
22-77 Proof ( A s a Suffix).—Apparatus is desig­
which the switch-blade enters o r embraces.
nated as splash-proof, moisture-proof, e x p l o s i o n -
22-61 Hinge Clip.—The hinge clip is the clip to
proof, etc., when s o constructed, protected o r
which the switch-blade is fastened.
treated that subjection to the specified material
22-62 Minimum Clearance on One Pole.—The or condition will not interfere with its success­
minimum clearance o n one pole is the shortest ful operation.
distance, measured o n that pole, between the
clips or any c o n d u c t i n g parts connected thereto. 22-78 Resisting ( A s a Suffix).—Apparatus is desig­
22-63 Minimum Clearance between Poles.—The nated as moisture-resisting, fume resisting, etc.,
minimum clearance between poles is the short­ when s o constructed, protected o r treated that
est total distance measured between any live it will not be readily injured when subjected to
parts o n adjacent poles. the specified material.
22-64 Minimum Clearance to Ground.—The mini­ T h e following specific definitions apply to ap­
m u m clearance to g r o u n d is the shortest total paratus protection:
distance measured between any live part and ad­ 22-79 Dust-Tight Apparatus. — Dust-tight appara­
jacent g r o u n d e d parts. tus is apparatus so constructed that the e n c l o s ­
ing case will exclude dust.
22-65 Trussed Switch Blade.—A trussed switch
22-80 Dust-Proof Apparatus.—Dust-proof appara­
blade is a switch blade consisting of t w o hinge
tus is apparatus s o constructed o r protected that
clips and t w o switch blade parts in truss f o r m
an accumulation of dust will not interfere with
but joined together near the contact clip end. Its
purpose is to prevent lateral oscillation of the its successful operation.
m o v i n g blade while c l o s i n g the switch. 22-81 Drip-Proof Apparatus.—Drip-proof appara­
tus is apparatus so constructed or protected as
22-66 Cell.—A cell is a compartment to isolate dis­
to e x c l u d e falling moisture o r dirt. D r i p - p r o o f
connecting switches o r other switching equip­
apparatus may be either open o r semi-enclosed if
ment.
it is provided with suitable protection integral
22-67 Cell Doors.—A cell d o o r is a d o o r for closing with the apparatus, or so enclosed as to exclude
the front or rear of a cell. effectively falling solid o r liquid material.
22-68 Cell Structure.—A cell structure is a set of 22-82 Splash-Proof Apparatus.—Splash-proof appa­
compartments to house switching equipment. ratus is apparatus so constructed o r protected
22-69 Clevis.—A clevis is a fitting having a " U " that external splashing will not interfere with
shaped end and arranged for attaching to the its successful operation.
end of a pipe or rod. 22-83 Sleet-Proof Apparatus. — Sleet-proof appara­
22-70 Switch Hook.—A switch h o o k is a h o o k p r o ­ tus is apparatus s o constructed o r protected that
vided with an insulating (usually wooden) the accumulation of sleet will n o t interfere with
handle for opening and closing disconnecting its successful operation.

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 DISCONNECTING AND HORN GAP SWITCHES

22-84 Submersible Apparatus. — Submersible ap­ 22-104 Short-time Thermal Rating.—The short-time
paratus is apparatus s o constructed that it will thermal rating is the m a x i m u m r.m.s. current
operate successfully when submerged in water that should pass through the switches for a pe­
under specified conditions of pressure and time. riod of 5 sec.
22-85 Gas-Tight Apparatus.—Gas-tight apparatus is 22-105 Short-time Mechanical Rating.—The short-
apparatus s o constructed that the enclosing case time mechanical rating is the r. m. s. current of
will exclude the specified gas under specified the m a x i m u m half cycle that should pass through
conditions of pressure. a switch when subject to magnetic stresses
22-86 Gas-Proof Apparatus.—Gas-proof apparatus from portions of the circuit including same.
is apparatus s o constructed or protected that the
specified gas will not interfere with its success­ HEATING
ful operation. Temperature Limitations
22-87 Explosion-Proof Apparatus (or Flame-Proof 22-150 Limiting Observable Temperature Rise.—The
Apparatus).—Explosion-proof apparatus is ap­ temperature rise a b o v e the temperature of the
paratus s o constructed that explosions of gas c o o l i n g air of each of the various parts, when
within the casing will not injure it o r ignite tested in a c c o r d a n c e with the rating, shall not
inflammable gas outside it. exceed the values given in the following table.
22-88 Moisture-Resisting Apparatus. — Moisture-re­ All temperatures shall be determined by the
sisting apparatus is apparatus s o constructed o r T h e r m o m e t e r M e t h o d . ( S e e par. 22-151.)
treated that it will not be readily injured by
Limiting Temperature
moisture. ( S u c h apparatus shall be capable of
Rise
operating in a very humid atmosphere, such as
Conducting Parts 30 deg. cent.
found in mines, evaporating r o o m s , e t c . )
All other parts 70 deg. cent.
22-89 Fume-Resisting Apparatus.—Fume-resisting
Attention is called to the inherent decrease in
apparatus is apparatus so constructed that it will
current which can be carried by contacts in air,
not be readily injured by the specified fumes.
due to the oxidation of the contact surfaces.
RATING T h e rating of switches is therefore based on suf­
22-100 Rating Defined.—A rating of a machine, ap­ ficient maintenance to keep the temperature rise
paratus o r device is an arbitrary designation of within the specified limits.
an operating limit.* 22-151 Thermometer Method of Temperature Deter­
T h e rating of a disconnecting o r horn-gap mination Defined.—This method consists in the
switch shall include the following items: determination of the temperature, by mercury o r
( a ) Rated current alcohol thermometers, by resistance thermome­
(6) R a t e d v o l t a g e ters, o r by thermo-couples, any of these instru­
( c ) Rated frequency ments being applied to the hottest part of the
( d ) Rated short-time current carrying capacity apparatus accessible t o mercury o r alcohol ther­
(i?) A horn-gap switch m a y be specified to mometers.
interrupt o n e o r m o r e of the f o l l o w i n g :
( 1 ) T r a n s f o r m e r exciting currents Conditions and Methods of Making the Temperature
(2) Line charging currents Test
( 3 ) L o a d currents 22-152 Value of the Cooling Air Temperature During
22-101 Rated Current.—The rated current of a dis­ Tests.—The test may be made at any cooling air
c o n n e c t i n g or horn-gap switch is the r. m . s. temperature preferably not b e l o w 10 deg. cent.
amperes w h i c h it can carry continuously without It shall be assumed that the temperature rise is
exceeding the limiting observable temperature the same for all c o o l i n g air temperatures between
rise. ( S e e par. 22-150.) the limits of 10 deg. and 40 deg.
22-102 Rated Voltage.—The rated voltage of a dis­ 22-153 Determination of the Cooling Air Tempera­
c o n n e c t i n g o r horn-gap switch is the r. m. s. ture.— ( a ) Placing of Thermometer: T h e cooling
voltage at w h i c h it is designed t o operate. air temperature shall be determined by taking
22-103 Rated Frequency.—The rated frequency of a the average of the readings of three thermome­
disconnecting o r horn-gap switch is the fre­ ters placed as f o l l o w s :
quency of the circuit for w h i c h it is designed. O n e 12 inches a b o v e
* A r a t i n g is a r b i t r a r y i n t h e s e n s e t h a t it m u s t n e c e s s a r i l y O n e 12 inches b e l o w
b e e s t a b l i s h e d b y d e f i n i t e fixed s t a n d a r d s a n d c a n n o t t h e r e f o r e
O n e m i d w a y but not m o r e than 12 inches from
i n d i c a t e t h e s a f e o p e r a t i n g l i m i t u n d e r all c o n d i t i o n s t h a t m a y
o c c u r in service. the switch as installed.

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 Α. I. Ε. Ε. STANDARDS

(¿) Use of Oil Cups :* In order to avoid errors 22-201 Assembled Apparatus.—Where a number of
due to tlie time lag between the temperature of pieces of apparatus are assembled together and
large apparatus and the variations in the c o o l i n g tested as an electrical unit they shall be tested
air temperature, all reasonable precautions must with IS per cent l o w e r v o l t a g e than the lowest
be taken to reduce these variations and the required on any of the individual pieces of
errors arising therefrom. T h u s , the thermometer apparatus.
for determining the c o o l i n g air temperature
22-202 Duration of Application of Test Voltage.—
should be immersed in a suitable liquid, such as
oil, in a suitably heavy metal cup when the c o o l - (a) General: T h e test voltage shall be applied
ing air temperature is subject to such variations continuously for a period of 60 sec.
that error in the temperature rise might result. ( t ) Standard Szvitches Produced in Large
Quantities: Standard switches p r o d u c e d in large
22-154 Covering of Thermometer Bulbs.—The bulbs quantities for which the standard test voltage is
of thermometers used for taking temperatures 2500 volts o r less, may be tested for o n e second
shall be c o v e r e d b y felt pads cemented t o the and with a test voltage 20 per cent higher than
apparatus, by oil putty, or by c o t t o n waste. the one-minute test voltage.
Dimensions of felt pads for use with large ap- 22-203 Condition of Switch to be Tested.—Commer-
paratus shall be 4 c m . by 5 c m . by 3 m m . thick cial tests shall in general be made with the c o m -
(V/.-\n. by 2 in. by % in. t h i c k ) . T h e use of pletely assembled switch and not with individual
smaller pads is permissible on small apparatus. parts. T h e switch shall be in g o o d condition and
high-voltage tests, unless otherwise specified,
22-155 Duration of Temperature Test.—The rated
shall be applied before the switch is put into
current of disconnecting o r horn gap switches at
c o m m e r c i a l service and shall not be applied when
rated frequency shall be applied continuously
the insulation resistance is l o w due to dirt or
until the temperature b e c o m e s constant.
moisture. H i g h - v o l t a g e tests to determine whether
specifications are fulfilled are admissible on new
DIELECTRIC TEST switches only.

22-200 Standard Test V o l t a g e s . f - T h e standard test 22-204 Where High-Voltage Tests are to be made.—
voltage for disconnecting and horn gap switches, Unless otherwise agreed upon, high-voltage tests
except as otherwise specified, shall be an alterna- shall be made at the factory.
ting voltage having an r. m. s. value as f o l l o w s :
(a) Switches rated at 600 volts or less—twice 22-205 Temperature at which High-Voltage Tests
rated voltage, plus 1000 volts. (&) Switches are to be made.—High-voltage tests shall be
rated a b o v e 600 v o l t s — 2 % times rated voltage, made at the temperature assumed under normal
plus 2000 volts. operation or at the temperature attained under
the conditions of commercial testing.
(c) Supplementary W e t T e s t on Switches for
O u t d o o r U s e : A s a supplementary test, switches 22-206 Points of Application of Voltage.—With the
for o u t d o o r use should be capable of withstand- switch open the test voltage shall be successively
ing for 10 sec. a dielectric wet test at twice applied between each terminal and all other
rated voltage, plus 1000 volts. T h i s assumes a terminals and metal parts g r o u n d e d . W i t h the
precipitation of one-tenth inch (2.54 m m . ) per switch closed the test voltage shall be applied
minute at an angle of 45 deg. from the perpen- between each terminal and metal parts grounded.
dicular with water having a resistivity as l o w as
7000 o h m centimeters. 22-207 Frequency and W a v e Shape of Test Voltage.—
T h e frequency of the test voltage shall be not
* A c o n v e n i e n t form for siich an oil c u p c o n s i s t s o f a metal less than the rated frequency of the apparatus
c y l i n d e r w i t h a h o l e d r i l l e d p a r t l y t h r o u g h it. T h i s h o l e is tested. A sine w a v e shape is r e c o m m e n d e d . T h e
filled w i t h o i l a n d t h e t h e r m o m e t e r is p l a c e d t h e r e i n w i t h its
b u l b well i m m e r s e d . T h e response of the t h e r m o m e t e r t o vari- test shall be made with alternating voltage hav-
o u s rates of temperature c h a n g e will d e p e n d largely u p o n the ing a crest value equal to V 2 times the speci-
size, kind o f material, a n d m a s s of the c o n t a i n i n g c u p a n d m a y
be further regulated b y adjusting the a m o u n t o f oil in the c u p . fied test voltage.
T h e larger the a p p a r a t u s u n d e r test, the larger s h o u l d b e the
metal c y l i n d e r e m p l o y e d as a n oil c u p in the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of 22-208 Measurement of Voltage.—The voltage for
t h e c o o l i n g air t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e smallest size of oil c u p
e m p l o y e d in a n y c a s e shall c o n s i s t o f a m e t a l c y l i n d e r 2 5 m m . dielectric tests shall be measured in a c c o r d a n c e
in d i a m e t e r a n d 50 m m . h i g h ( 1 i n . in d i a m e t e r a n d 2 i n . h i g h ) .
with the section of the Standards entitled,
t A l t h o u g h direct current has been used for high-voltage
"Standards for the Measurement of T e s t V o l t -
t e s t i n g in s o m e c a s e s it h a s n o t b e e n s t a n d a r d i z e d for u s e w i t h
disconnecting switches. ages in Dielectric T e s t s . "

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 DISCONNECTING AND HORN GAP SWITCHES 9

NAME PLATE MARKINGS ( d ) Rated volts

22-250 Name Plate Markings.—The following mini­ ( e ) F r e q u e n c y if other than 60 cycles
m u m information shall be given on name plates
22-251 Published Data.—The following data in addi­
of all disconnecting and horn-gap switches.
tion to information o n the name plate shall b e
( a ) Manufacturer's name and address given in Manufacturer's Publications:
( b ) Manufacturer's type and designation n u m ­ Interrupting Capacity
ber Weight
( c ) Rated amperes Such dimensions as are required for installation.

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 Α. I. Ε. Ε. STANDARDS
REPORTS OF STANDARDS A N D RELATED PUBLICATIONS
( L i s t c o r r e c t to April, 1939. F o r l a t e s t r e v i s i o n o f t h i s l i s t s e e the c u r r e n t issue of E L E C T R I C A L
ENGINEERING, Advertising Section.)

Available Adopted Standards

No. 1 (April, 1 9 2 5 ) G e n e r a l P r i n c i p l e s u p o n W h i c h T e m p e r a t u r e L i m i t s A r e Based in the
R a t i n g of E l e c t r i c a l M a c h i n e r y . P r i c e 2 0 cents.
4 (May, 1926) T h e M e a s u r e m e n t of T e s t V o l t a g e s in D i e l e c t r i c T e s t s . P r i c e 3 0 cents.
•C50 (1936) Rotating Electrical M a c h i n e r y . Price $ 1 . 3 0 .
(Supersedes Nos. 5, 7 , 8, 9 and 1 0 . )
••II (Mar. . 1 9 3 7 ) Railway Motors. Price 5 0 cents.
•12 (Jan., 1934) Constant Current Transformers. P r i c e 3 0 cents.
13 (May, 1930) Transformers, Induction Regulators and Reactors. Price 4 0 cents.
•14 (Mar. , 1 9 2 5 ) Instrument Transformers. Price 3 0 cents.
•15 (May, 1928) Industrial C o n t r o l A p p a r a t u s . P r i c e 4 0 cents.
•16 (Jan., 1933) E l e c t r i c R a i l w a y C o n t r o l A p p a r a t u s . P r i c e 4 0 cents.
*l7f (Feb. 1928) Mathematical Symbols. P r i c e 3 0 cents.
•17gl ( N o v ., 1 9 2 8 ) Letter S y m b o l s for Electrical Quantities. P r i c e 2 0 cents.
••17g2 (Jan., 1 9 3 4 ) G r a p h i c a l S y m b o l s U s e d f o r Electric P o w e r a n d W i r i n g . P r i c e 2 0 cents.
•*17g3 (Jan., 1 9 3 4 ) Graphical Symbols Used for Radio. Price 2 0 cents.
••I7g5 (Jan., 1 9 3 4 ) G r a p h i c a l S y m b o l s U s e d f o r E l e c t r i c T r a c t i o n I n c l u d i n g R a i l w a y Signal­
ing. P r i c e 4 0 cents.
••17g6 ( M a r . , 1 9 2 9 ) Graphical Symbols for Telephone and Telegraph Use. Price 2 0 cents.
•18 (June, 1 9 3 4 ) Capacitors. P r i c e 2 0 cents.
19 ( A p r i l , 1 9 3 8 ) Oil Circuit Breakers. Price 4 0 cents.
20 ( M a y . 1 9 3 0 ) A i r Circuit Breakers. P r i c e 3 0 cents.
22 (July, 1 9 2 5 ) Disconnecting and H o r n G a p Switches. P r i c e 3 0 cents.
•23 (C37.1) ( 1 9 3 7 ) Relays A s s o c i a t e d with P o w e r Switchgear. P r i c e 4 0 cents.
•26 (C37.2) ( 1 9 3 7 ) A u t o m a t i c Stations. P r i c e 4 0 cents.
27 ( O c t . , 1 9 3 0 ) Switchboards and Switching Equipment for P o w e r and Light. Price 3 0
cents.
•28 (Mar., 1936 Lightning Arresters. P r i c e 3 0 cents.
•30 (April, 1937 W i r e s and Cables (Definitions and General S t a n d a r d s ) . P r i c e 4 0 cents.
•33 (C39.I) ( 1 9 3 8 ) E l e c t r i c a l Indicating I n s t r u m e n t s . P r i c e 4 0 c e n t s .
36 ( F e b . , 1 9 2 8 ) S t o r a g e Batteries. Price 2 0 cents.
•38 ( J a n . . 1 9 3 4 ) E l e c t r i c A r c W e l d i n g A p p a r a t u s . P r i c e 4 0 cents.
•39 (Jan., 1 9 3 4 ) Electric Resistance W e l d i n g A p p a r a t u s . P r i c e 3 0 cents.
•41 (Mar.. 1 9 3 0 ) Insulator T e s t s . P r i c e 3 0 cents.
••42 (Dec, 1 9 2 3 ) S y m b o l s f o r E l e c t r i c a l E q u i p m e n t of Buildings. P r i c e 2 0 cents.
45 (Dec. 1 9 3 8 ) R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c t i s e f o r E l e c t r i c a l Installations o n S h i p b o a r d ( M a r i n e
Rules). Price $ 1 . 5 0 .
•46 (June. 1 9 2 7 ) Hard Drawn Aluminum Conductors. P r i c e 2 0 cents.
•60 ( S e p t . . 1 9 2 8 ) Specifications f o r T i n n e d S o f t o r A n n e a l e d C o p p e r W i r e .
•61 ( S e p t . . 1 9 2 8 ) Specifications f o r Soft o r A n n e a l e d C o p p e r W i r e .
( N o . 6 0 a n d 6 1 p u b l i s h e d as o n e p a m p h l e t . ) P r i c e 3 0 cents.
••C8.4 (1936) Specifications f o r 3 0 P e r C e n t R u b b e r Insulation f o r W i r e a n d C a b l e for
General Purposes. P r i c e 2 0 cents.
•C8.5 (1936) Specifications f o r C o t t o n C o v e r e d R o u n d C o p p e r M a g n e t W i r e .
*C8.6 (1936) Specifications f o r Silk C o v e r e d R o u n d C o p p e r M a g n e t W i r e .
•C8.7 (1936) Specifications f o r E n a m e l e d R o u n d C o p p e r M a g n e t W i r e .
(No. C 8 . 5 , C 8 . 6 a n d C 8 . 7 p u b l i s h e d as o n e p a m p h l e t . ) Price
4 0 cents.
••C8.11 (1936) C o d e R u b b e r Insulation f o r W i r e a n d C a b l e f o r G e n e r a l P u r p o s e s .
P r i c e 2 0 cents.
•C8.12 (1935) C o t t o n Braid f o r Insulated W i r e a n d C a b l e f o r G e n e r a l P u r p o s e s .
P r i c e 2 0 cents.
••C8.I6 (1936) Tree Wiring Coverings. Price 2 0 cents.
••08.17 (1936) C l a s s O A 3 0 P e r C e n t R u b b e r Insulation f o r W i r e a n d C a b l e for
General Purposes. Price 2 0 cents.
••C8.18 (1936) W e a t h e r Resistant W i r e a n d C a b l e U R C T y p e . P r i c e 2 0 cents.
••72 ( S e p t . , 1 9 3 2 ) Specifications f o r W e a t h e r p r o o f W i r e s a n d C a b l e s .
••73 ( S e p t . , 1 9 3 2 ) Specifications f o r H e a t - R e s i s t i n g W i r e s a n d C a b l e s .
( N o . 7 2 a n d 7 3 p u b l i s h e d as o n e p a m p h l e t . ) Price 2 0 cents.

* A p p r o v e d by A m e r i c a n Standards Association as A m e r i c a n Standard.

* * A p p r o v e d b y A m e r i c a n Standards Association as A m e r i c a n Tentative Standard.

Report on Standards
No. t6 M e t a l T a n k M e r c u r y A r c Rectifiers.
t25 Fuses A b o v e 6 0 0 V o l t s .
°|'40 Electrical Recording Instruments.

t A v a i l a b l e in pamphlet form for suggestion and criticism. No charge.

Related Publications
No. 100 (June, 1 9 3 0 ) R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for the O p e r a t i o n of T r a n s f o r m e r s . Price 2 0 cents.
No. 500 (Aug., 1 9 3 7 ) T e s t C o d e f o r P o l y p h a s e Induction M a c h i n e s . Price 5 0 cents.
No. 501 (Dec, 1 9 3 7 ) Test C o d e for D - C Machines. N o charge.
(Oct., 1 9 3 1 ) Test C o d e for Transformers. Nocharge.
(Jan., 193 7 ) Test C o d e for S y n c h r o n o u s Machines. N o charge.
No. 520 (Mar., 1 9 3 9 ) T e s t C o d e for A p p a r a t u s N o i s e M e a s u r e m e n t s . Price 3 0 cents.
(50% discount to Institute members from above prices. M e m b e r discount not allowable on extra copies
unless ordered for other members.)

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