HARDWARE AND

MECHANISM
PRESENTED BY:
ILANO. G.R.,
JOVES, J.J.,
MAGBOO, A.W.
HARDWARE
HARDWARE is a general term covering a wide
variety of accessories that are usually made
of wood, metal, or plastic and ordinarily used
in building construction.
MECHANISM
MECHANISM is a system or structure of moving
parts that performs some function.
 HARDWARE
FINISH HARDWARE ROUGH HARDWARE
Also called Architectural Hardware,
Builders’ Finish Hardware, Finish
Builders’ Hardware Hardware meant to
Hardware, such as hinges, locks, beconcealed, such as bolts,
catches, etc., that has a finished nails, screws, spikes,and other
appearance as well as a function metal fittings.
esp. that used with doors, window,
and cabinets; may be considered
part of the decorative treatment of
a room or building.
 HARDWARE
FINISH HARDWARE ROUGH HARDWARE

Door Hardware Nail

Hinges Screws
Latches and Locksets Bolt
Handles Nuts
Fasteners Rivet
Plates
APPLICATION
APPLICATION Small items that are used to
connect, join, or attach
Visible or exposed hardware materials together to create a
fittings strong foundation for
constructions and are usually
concealed in completed work
 HARDWARE
FINISH HARDWARE ROUGH HARDWARE

Door Hardware
Nail
Hinges
Screws
Latches and Locksets
Bolt
Handles
Nuts
Fasteners
Rivet
Plates
WHO USES THIS AND
WHAT IS IT CALLED?
CARPENTRY AND
JOINERY
CARPENTRY OUTLINE OF THE
TOPIC:

AND INTRODUCTION
TYPES AND
DUTIES

JOINERY IMPORTANCE
GAME BREAK
T
TOOLS
C N
C A R P E N T R Y
M R
M E A S U R I N G
 01| INTRODUCTION

CARPENTRY
CARPENTRY is a skilled trade in which the
primary work performed is the cutting,
shaping, and installation of building
materials during the construction of
buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete
form work, etc.
 01| INTRODUCTION

PRIMITIVE TECHNIQUES

HISTORY OF
- Prehistoric humans began shaping wood for
practical purposes like building shelters, crafting
tools, and creating weapons. Early woodworking

CARPENTRY tools were rudimentary, consisting of stones, bones,

and antlers used for carving and shaping wood.

EGYPTIANS AND MESOPOTAMIA GREEKS AND ROMANS

- Egyptian carpenters developed - the development of precision tools such as
sophisticated tools like the bow drill and the lathe.
saws, enabling them to create intricate - Greek woodworkers created ornate furniture,
wooden furniture, statues, and coffins. intricate inlays, and sculptures.
-Mesopotamia, woodworkers constructed - Roman woodworking, which incorporated
intricate wooden chariots, furniture, and innovative joinery techniques and advanced tools
architectural elements. like the plane and auger.
 01| INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF
CARPENTRY
RENAISSANCE PERIOD TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
- The Renaissance period ushered in a EARLY CHINESE (507-440 B.C.)
new era of woodworking, characterized by - wood working of furnitures
intricate designs and innovative techniques. - Lu Ban, one of the famous carpenter
- The Industrial Revolution brought that was credited as one of originator of
mechanization and mass production to the woodworking in China
craft.
CARPENTRY
CARPENTRY is the term commonly referring
to technology and science of cutting, fitting,
assembling related materials in the
construction of boats, bridges, and piers,
or any other structure made from
construction materials.

TYPES OF WOOD USED IN CARPENTRY:

Lumber or Timber
Soft and Hardwood
Select Grade
Common Grade
CARPENTRY
is also known as:
Apprentice Carpenter
Finish Carpenter
Joinery person Carpenter
Maintenance Carpenter
Renovation Carpenter
Rough Carpenter
Building foundations, installing walls and
roofing systems, fitting and installing trim,
doors, stairs, moulding and hardware.
Measuring, repairing and renovating
wooden structures, etc.
CARPENTERS
is a professional dedicated to heavier
production, constructing the building
elements on-site, and whose specialized skills
are assembling wood fixtures such as
formwork, stud work, and also installing doors
and windows.
CAREPENTER’S
TOOLS
MEASURING
TOOLS
1. STEEL SQUARE
- The steel square is often
called the carpenter’s square
or framing square. The steel
square is used in measuring
boards, testing corners, and
setting the bevel of boards
and tools to various angles.
MEASURING
TOOLS
1. STEEL SQUARE
It is made of steel,
having two flat blades at
right angles to each other
an having measuring scales
on every edge. The long side
of the steel square is known
as the blade (or body) and
the short side as the tongue.
MEASURING
TOOLS
2. CALIPERS
-These tools are
comparators, used for
transferring a dimension
from one place to another
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CALIPERS

Slide Caliper Vernier Caliper Jenny Caliper Spring Joint Caliper

MEASURING
TOOLS
3. PUSH-PULL RULE
-steel tape is assembled
in a fixed casing and retracts
automatically by spring.
MEASURING
TOOLS
4. TRY SQUARE
- is a tool used for marking
and referencing a 90° angle,
though meter squares are
used for 45° angles.
OTHER MEASURING
TOOLS
RULER
LEVEL
ZIGZAG RULE
CUTTING
TOOLS
1. LONG CROSSCUT SAW
- it is used in cutting large
and round timber, across the
grain.
CUTTING
TOOLS
2. RIP SAW
- it is designed in sawing
along the grain.
CUTTING
TOOLS
3. HAND SAW
- general work saw,
combining long crosscut saw
and rip saw.
CUTTING
TOOLS
4. BACK SAW
- it has stiff blades for
more accurate work both
on the bench and the vise.
CUTTING
TOOLS
4. KEYHOLE SAW
- used in cutting circle
shape of the wood.
SMOOTHENING
TOOLS
1. PLANES
- it is used in reducing
the thickness or width of a
piece of wood and for
smoothing surfaces
SMOOTHENING
TOOLS
TYPES OF PLANES
JACK PLANES
TRYING AND
SMOOTHING
PLANE
SMOOTHENING
TOOLS
2. CHISEL AND GOUGES
- it is used in cutting
edge and carving of woods.
BORING AND
DRIVING TOOLS
1. CLAW HEAD HAMMER
-it is used in driving and
pulling nails.

2. MALLET
- it is made of wood
and it is used un driving
chisels with wooden handles
BORING AND
DRIVING TOOLS
3. BALLPEEN HAMMER
-it has a round knob at the
back of the hammer. It is used in
metal work.

4. DRILL
- a set of twist drills used for
drilling both metal and
wood
BORING AND
DRIVING TOOLS
5. NAILS 6. SCREWS
- a slender metal shaft - that modify force and
that is pointed at one end and motion are known as power
flattened at the other end and is screws. A screwjack converts
used for fastening one or more torque (turning moment) to
objects to each other. thrust.
BORING AND
DRIVING TOOLS

TYPES OF NAILS
BORING AND
DRIVING TOOLS

TYPES OF SCREWS
 TYPES OF
CARPENTRY
 TYPES OF CARPENTRY
1. ROUGH CARPENTRY
specialize in planning and building;
structural carpentry
2. JOISTER 5. SHIP
constructs floor joist; involves in wooden focuses on shipbuilding
flooring finishes
6. FRAMER
3. TRIM CARPENTRY builds framings for housing and
specialize on building trims and
buildings
moldings that has a specific preference
on materials (Green & Scenic Trim 7. ROOFER
Carpentry Categories) specialize planning on rafters, trusses,
and beams involving roof construction
4. CABINET CARPENTRY
focuses on building specific woodwork,
which are cabinets and may work on
other patio and indoor furniture
GAME BREAK
F I
F R A M I N G
N
J O I N E R Y
TIMBER/
LUMBER
FRAMING
WITH THE PHOTO PROVIDED, WHAT
DO YOU THINK “FRAMING?’ IS?
FRAMING
CONSTRUCTION FRAMING is the skeleton of a
home that runs behind all of the internal
and external walls, supports the roofing
shingles, and attaches the home to the
foundation.

It is a critical component of the building

process, providing the structure and
support for the rest of the building.
FRAMING
FURNITURE FRAMING is the structural
support or the basic shape of a piece of
furniture before it is upholstered, stained or
veneered is considered the frame
construction.

The frame determines the final shape,

design or covering of furniture and,
depending on the materials used, can
establish the furniture's overall quality.
JOINERY
JOINERY
JOINERY is a part of woodworking that
involves joining pieces of wood, engineered
lumber, timber, or synthetic substitutes
(such as laminate), to produce more
complex items.
JOINERY
WOODWORKING JOINERY is the craft of
connecting and securing the separate
members of the wooden construction to
one another by means of specific cuts on
the ends and/or sides of the members.

Various glues and fasteners are used for

ensuring the joinery’s strength &
effectiveness such as:

Specific Glue / Adhesives

Nails
Screws
Bolts
JOINERS
a craftsmen who join wood, usually in a
workshop or factory, and who are dedicated
to the production of items that are added to
the project at the end of the construction
process, such as furniture and decoration.
JOINER’S TOOLS
JOINER’S TOOLS
Being similar with the Carpenter’s Tools, primarily
and commonly Joiners additionally use:

1. Cordless Circular Saws - Sawing with cordless

hand-held circular saws means maximum
work progress. In addition to this, they are
lightweight and resilient.

2. Grinder - A grinding machine is a tool or piece

of equipment used for removing material from a
workpiece via abrasion. They typically employ
rotating abrasive wheels to shape, smooth, or
finish workpieces through grinding.
JOINER’S TOOLS
3. Sanders - sander, portable power tool used
for smoothing, polishing, or cleaning a
surface, as of wood, plastic, or metal. Sanders
are also used to roughen surfaces in
preparation for finishing.

Sand Paper
4. Staples & Tackers - Construction staples
are typically larger, thicker and have more
chiselled tips than ordinary staples but they
follow the same basic principle
– a staple gun or hammer tacker is used to
punch them through a material.
JOINER’S TOOLS
5. Clamps - Clamps are an essential tool in a
workshop and are frequently used to hold
pieces of wood together while the glue dries.
Commonly used types of clamps are: G-Clamps
& Bar Clamps. G- CLAMP

6. Adhesives/ Wood Glue - Any substance that is

capable of holding materials together in a
functional manner by surface attachment that
resists separation.
JOINERY

BASIC WOOD JOINERY

JOINERY
TYPES OF JOINERY
TYPES OF
JOINERY
1. BUTT JOINT
- the end of one piece is
fastened to the surface or
edge of other piece.

2. MITER JOINT
- the corners are usually
cut at 45 degrees and
joined forming right angle.
TYPES OF
JOINERY
3. DOVETAIL JOINT
- used on the corners of
drawers and chairs. Also
known as kaltas.

4. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

- is one of the strongest
joint for quality chairs, tables,
and benches. Also known as
force fitting.
TYPES OF
JOINERY
5. DADO JOINT
- is a groove that runs on
board and receives the end or
edge of the second board. Also
known as TnG or Tongue and
Groove.

6. RABBET JOINT
- is a wood joint commonly
used for making frames to hold
glass in constructing drawers
and other cabinetwork.
TYPES OF
JOINERY
7. BRIDLE JOINT
- A bridle joint is similar to a
mortise and tenon woodworking joint,
thought in most circumstances it
would not be as strong. It is open
ended mortise and tenon joint.

8. BOX JOINT
- A finger joint or box joint is used
to join two pieces of wood at a
corner. It is similar to a dovetail joint
except that the pins are square and
not angled.
TYPES OF
JOINERY
9. HALF-LAP JOINT
- A half lap joint usually consist of
two members notched to half thickness
and lapped on each other with the face
flush.
10. POCKET JOINT
- A pocket hole is a form of
joinery that creates a tight bond
between two pieces of wood
without using glue. The screw is
drilled in at a 15-degree angle.
TYPES OF
JOINERY
11. DOWEL JOINT
- A dowel joint is commonly used to
reinforce butt joints, that is, the joining of
the end or edge of a board to the face of
another. It is made up of 2 pieces with
holes drilled, into which glue and small
round wooden pins (known as dowels) are
inserted connect them.

12. SCARF JOINT

- A scarf joint is formed where two
pieces lap each other in the direction of
the grain, with flush surfaces.
HOW DO WE DO A
JOINERY?
JOINERY
 DIFFERENCE OF
CARPENTRY & JOINERY
 DIFFERENCE OF
CARPENTRY & JOINERY
CARPENTRY is the woodwork
involved in the daily routine of a JOINERY is the manufacturing of
construction site providing the objects, usually in a workshop, to
necessary support for the various be installed after the construction
tasks. is finished.
The work of art and trade of The work performed by joiners is
cutting, working, and joining usually associated with creating a
timber. This is a skilled trade or range of timber products. This can
occupation that involves making, include windows, doors and
installing, and repairing things, staircases to specialized furniture,
usually by cutting and joining such as chairs, cabinets or tables.
timber of the general construction.
REMEMBER!
5 Essential Safety Gears:

SAFETY GLASSES
It is important to wear SAFETY
HEARING PROTECTION
GEARS when doing Construction
RESPIRATOR
and Joinery.
WORK GLOVES
WORK BOOTS
 IMPORTANCE OF
CARPENTRY & JOINERY
IMPORTANCE OF CARPENTRY &
JOINERY

PRIMARILY CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICALLY IN: ESPECIALLY IN,
FRAMING
ROOFING
FLOORING BUILDING PROCESS
FINISHES
In-depth discussion of
FURNITURE Hardware and Mechanism
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!