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Feature Guide 2 GPON

2 GPON

Gigabit passive optical network (GPON) is a PON technology that is standardized

by the ITU-T Recommendations G.984.x. A GPON device supports high-bandwidth
transmission. GPON effectively solves the bandwidth bottleneck problem in the
twisted-pair access and meets users demands on high-bandwidth services.

2.1 Introduction to GPON

What Is GPON
Passive Optical Network (PON) is a point to multi-point (P2MP) passive optical
network.

Gigabit passive optical network (GPON) is a PON technology that is standardized

by the ITU-T Recommendations G.984.x.

Figure 2-1 shows a GPON network architecture.

Figure 2-1 GPON network architecture

IFgpon: GPON interface SNI: Service Node Interface

UNI: User to Network Interface CPE: Customer Premises Equipment

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S/R: Optical line termination interface R/S: Optical network unit interface to
to optical trunk line optical distribution network

● The optical line terminal (OLT) is an aggregation device located at the central
office (CO) for terminating the PON protocol.
● Optical network units (ONUs)/Optical network terminal (ONTs) are located
on the user side, providing various ports for connecting to user terminals. The
OLT and ONUs communicate with each other through the optical distribution
network (ODN).
● The optical distribution network (ODN) is composed of passive optical
components (POS), such as optical fibers, and one or more passive optical
splitters. The ODN provides optical channels between the OLT and ONUs. It
interconnects the OLT and ONUs and is highly reliable.
NOTE

The ODN network is passive, indicating that no optical amplifier or regenerator is

deployed on the ODN network, thereby reducing maintenance costs of outdoor
devices.

Why Is GPON Required

As the wide use of broadband services and fiber-in and copper-out development,
carriers require a longer transmission reach, higher bandwidth, reliability, and
lower operating expense (OPEX) on services. GPON supports the following
functions to meet these requirements:
● Longer transmission distance: The transmission media of optical fibers covers
up to 60 km coverage radius on the access layer, resolving transmission
distance and bandwidth issues in twisted pair transmission.
● Higher bandwidth: Each GPON port can support a maximum transmission
rate of 2.5 Gbit/s in the downstream direction and 1.25 Gbit/s in the upstream
direction, meeting the usage requirements of high-bandwidth services, such
as high definition television (HDTV) and outside broadcast (OB).
● Flexible user experience on full services: Flexible QoS measures support traffic
control based on users and user services, implementing differentiated service
provisioning for different users.
● Optical splitting: A single optical fiber at the CO is split into multiple drop
fibers, saving feeder optical fiber resources and reducing O&M costs.

2.2 GPON Working Principle

System Transmission Principle
Figure 2-2 shows the system transmission principle of the GPON network.

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Figure 2-2 GPON System Transmission Principle

● In the GPON network, the OLT is connected to the optical splitter through a
single optical fiber, and the optical splitter is then connected to ONUs.
Different wavelengths are adopted in the upstream and downstream
directions for transmitting data. Specifically, wavelengths range from 1290 nm
to 1330 nm in the upstream direction and from 1480 nm to 1500 nm in the
downstream direction.
● The GPON adopts WDM to transmit data of different upstream/downstream
wavelengths over the same ODN. Data is broadcast in the downstream
direction and transmitted in the TDMA mode (based on timeslots) in the
upstream direction.

GPON Downstream Transmission Principle

All data is broadcast to all ONUs from the OLT. The ONUs then select and receive
their respective data and discard the other data. Figure 2-3 shows the details.

Figure 2-3 Downstream communication principle of GPON

Main features:
● Supports point-to-multipoint (P2MP) multicast transmission.

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● Broadcasts the same data to all ONUs and differentiates ONU data by GEM
port ID.
● Allows an ONU to receive data packets intended for it and discards those not
intended for it.

GPON Upstream Transmission Principle

In the upstream direction, each ONU can send data to the OLT only in the timeslot
permitted and allocated by the OLT. This ensures that each ONU sends data in a
given sequence, avoiding upstream data conflicts. Figure 2-4 shows the details.

Figure 2-4 Upstream communication principle of GPON

Main features:
● Supports time division multiple access (TDMA).
● Transits data on an exclusive timeslot.
● Couples optical signals on an optical splitter.
● Detects and prevents collisions through ranging.

2.3 GPON System Principle

2.3.1 GPON Basic Concepts

GEM Frame
In the gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) system, a GPON
encapsulation mode (GEM) frame is the smallest service-carrying unit and the
basic encapsulation structure. All services need to be encapsulated in GEM frames
and transmitted on GPON lines, which are identified by GEM ports.
● Each GEM port is identified by a unique port ID. The port ID is globally
allocated by the OLT. Therefore, the ONUs connected to the same OLT GPON
port cannot use GEM ports that have the same port ID.
● A GEM port is used to identify the virtual service channel that carries the
service stream between the OLT and the ONU. It is similar to the virtual path

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identifier (VPI)/virtual channel identifier (VCI) of the asynchronous transfer

mode (ATM) virtual connection.

Figure 2-5 shows the GEM frame structure.

Figure 2-5 GEM frame structure

A GEM header consists of PLI, Port ID, PTI, and header error check (HEC) and is
used for differentiating data of different GEM ports. The fields are described as
follows:
● PLI: indicates the length of data payload.
● Port ID: uniquely identifies a GEM port.
● PTI: indicates the payload type. It is used for identifying the status and type of
data that is being transmitted, for example, whether the operation,
administration and maintenance (OAM) message is being transmitted and
whether data transmission is complete.
● HEC: ensures the forward error correction (FEC) function and transmission
quality.
● Fragment payload: indicates the data frame fragment.

The following section describes the GEM frame structure based on the mapping of
the Ethernet service in GPON mode, as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6 GEM frame structure

● The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads
for transmission.

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● Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames.

● The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility.

T-CONT
Transmission container (T-CONT) is a service carrier in the upstream direction in
the GPON system. All GEM ports are mapped to T-CONTs. Then service streams
are transmitted upstream by means of OLT's dynamic bandwidth assignment
(DBA) scheduling. T-CONT is the basis of DBA implementation. An ONU applies
for bandwidth using T-CONTs, and the OLT grants bandwidth through T-CONTs,
thereby realizing the upstream DBA in the entire GPON system.
T-CONT is the basic control unit of the upstream service stream in the GPON
system. Each T-CONT is identified by Alloc-ID. The Alloc-ID is allocated by the
GPON port of the OLT, and the T-CONTs used by ONUs connected to the same
GPON port of OLT cannot have the same Alloc-IDs.

Figure 2-7 T-CONT structure

There are five types of T-CONT. T-CONT selection varies during the scheduling of
different types of upstream service streams. Each T-CONT bandwidth type has its
own quality of service (QoS) feature. QoS is mainly represented by the bandwidth
guarantee, which can be classified into fixed, assured, non-assured, best-effort,
and hybrid modes (corresponding to type 1 to type 5 listed in Table 2-1).
NOTE

In Table 2-1, X indicates the fixed bandwidth value, Y indicates the assured bandwidth value, Z
indicates the maximum bandwidth value, and No indicates not involved.

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Table 2-1 T-CONT types

Bandwidth T-CONT Type
Type
Type1 Type2 Type3 Type4 Type5

Fixed X - - - X
Bandwidth

Assured - Y Y - Y
Bandwidth

Maximum Z=X Z=Y Z>Y Z Z≥ X + Y

Bandwidth

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Bandwidth T-CONT Type

Type
Type1 Type2 Type3 Type4 Type5

Description ● The ● The ● Type3 is ● This Type5 is

fixed assured the type is the
bandwid bandwi combina the combinatio
th is dth is tion of maximu n of the
reserved availabl the m fixed,
for e at any assured bandwid assured,
specific time bandwid th that and
ONUs require th and can be maximum
or d by an maximu used by bandwidth.
specific ONU. m an ONU, It supports
services When bandwid fully the
on the th. The providin following
ONUs. It bandwi system g the functions:
cannot dth assures bandwid Reserves
be used require some th bandwidth
by other d by bandwid required for
ONUs the th for by the subscribers
even if service subscrib ONU. and the
no streams ers and ● It bandwidth
upstrea on the allows applies cannot be
m ONU is subscrib to IPTV preempted
service smaller ers to and by other
streams than preempt other subscribers.
are the bandwid high- Provides
carried assured th. speed the
on the bandwi Howeve Internet bandwidth
specific dth, the r, the services. to an ONU
ONUs. system total at any time
● It can use used when
applies the bandwid required.
to DBA th Allows
services mechan cannot subscribers
that are ism to exceed to preempt
sensitive allocate the some
to the maximu bandwidth.
service remaini m (The total
quality. ng configur used
The bandwi ed bandwidth
services dth to bandwid cannot
can be services th. exceed the
TDM or on ● It maximum
VoIP other applies configured
services. ONUs. to VoIP bandwidth.
● Because services. )
DBA is
require
d, this
type

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Bandwidth T-CONT Type

Type
Type1 Type2 Type3 Type4 Type5

provide
s a less
real-
time
perform
ance
compar
ed with
the
fixed
bandwi
dth.

2.3.2 GPON Service Multiplexing

GPON encapsulation mode (GEM) ports and transmission containers (T-CONTs)
divide a PON network into virtual connections for service multiplexing.
● Each GEM port can carry one or more types of service stream. After carrying
service streams, a GEM port must be mapped to a T-CONT before upstream
service scheduling. Each ONU supports multiple T-CONTs that can have
different service types.
● A T-CONT can be bound to one or more GEM ports, depending on customers'
data plan. On the OLT, GEM ports are demodulated from the T-CONT and
then service streams are demodulated from the GEM port payload for further
processing.
Service Mapping Relationships
● In the upstream direction,
– An ONU sends Ethernet frames to GEM ports based on configured
mapping rules between service ports and GEM ports. Then, the GEM
ports encapsulate the Ethernet frames into GEM packet data units
(PDUs) and add these GEM PDUs to T-CONT queues based on mapping
rules between GEM ports and T-CONT queues. Then, the T-CONT queues
use timeslots for upstream transmission to send GEM PDUs to the OLT.
– The OLT receives the GEM PDUs and obtains Ethernet frames from them.
Then, the OLT sends Ethernet frames from a specified uplink port based
on mapping rules between service ports and uplink ports.
Figure 2-8 shows GPON service mapping relationships in the upstream
direction.

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Figure 2-8 GPON service mapping relationships in the upstream direction

● In the downstream direction,

– The OLT sends Ethernet frames to the GPON service processing module
based on configured mapping rules between service ports and uplink
ports. The GPON service processing module then encapsulates the
Ethernet frames into GEM PDUs for downstream transmission using a
GPON port.
– GPON transmission convergence (GTC) frames containing GEM PDUs are
broadcast to all ONUs connected to the GPON port.
– The ONU filters the received data according to the GEM port ID
contained in the GEM PDU header and retains the data only belonging to
the GEM ports of this ONU. Then, the ONU decapsulates the data to
Ethernet frames and sends them to end users using service ports.
Figure 2-9 shows GPON service mapping relationships in the downstream
direction.

Figure 2-9 GPON service mapping relationships in the downstream direction

2.3.3 GPON Protocol Stacks

ITU-T Recommendation G.984.3 defines a new set of frame structures, which
consider traditional voice, video, and Ethernet packets as payloads of GPON
frames. Figure 2-10 shows the structure of GPON protocol stacks.

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Figure 2-10 Structure of GPON protocol stacks

GPON protocol stacks involve the physical medium dependent (PMD) layer and
GPON transmission convergence (GTC) layer.
PMD Layer
The GPON PMD layer corresponds to the GPON interfaces between OLTs and
ONUs. Parameter values of the GPON interfaces specify the maximum reach and
split ratio for a GPON system.
GTC Layer
The GTC layer is used to encapsulate payloads using ATM cells or GEM frames,
and GEM frames are commonly used in GPON systems. GEM frames can carry
Ethernet, POTS, E1, and T1 cells.
GTC is the core GPON layer, where media access is controlled for upstream service
flows and ONUs are registered. Ethernet frame payloads are encapsulated into
GEM frames and then packetized as GTC frames. These GTC frames are converted
to binary codes for transmission based on interface parameters configured at the
physical layer. The process is reversed on the receive end. Specifically, the receive
end decapsulates the data to obtain GTC frames, GEM frames, and then payloads
for data transmission.
The GTC layer is classified as TC adaptation sub-layer and GTC framing sub-layer
by structure.
● The TC adaptation sub-layer involves the ATM, GEM TC, and optical network
terminal management and control interface (OMCI) adapters and dynamic
bandwidth assignment (DBA) control module. ATM and GEM TC adapters

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identify OMCI channels by virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel

identifier (VCI) or GEM port ID. OMCI adapters can exchange OMCI channel
data with the ATM and GEM TC adapters and send the OMCI channel data to
OMCI entities. The DBA control module is a common functional module,
which generates ONU reports and controls DBA allocation.
● On the GTC framing sub-layer, GTC frames include GEM blocks, PLOAM
blocks, and embedded OAM blocks. The GPON framing sub-layer provides the
following functions:
– Multiplexing and demultiplexing: The PLOAM part and the GEM part are
multiplexed into the downlink TC frame according to the boundary
information indicated by the frame header, and the PLOAM part and the
GEM part can be extracted from the uplink TC frame according to the
frame header indication.
– Frame header generation and decoding: The TC frame header of the
downstream frame is generated according to the format requirements,
and the frame header of the upstream frame is decoded. At the same
time, the embedded OAM information directly encapsulated in the GTC
frame header is terminated, and is used to directly control the sub-layer.
– Alloc-ID-based internal routing: The data from or to the GEM TC adapter
is routed according to the internal representation of the Alloc-ID.
The GTC layer consists of plane C/M and plane U based on functions.
● The protocol stacks of plane C/M include embedded OAM, PLOAM, and
OMCI. Embedded OAM and PLOAM channels are used for managing PMD
and GTC sub-layer functions. OMCI provides a unified system for upper-layer
sub-layer management.
– Embedded OAM channels are defined in GTC frame headers for
determining bandwidths, exchanging data, and dynamically allocating
bandwidths.
– Dedicated space is reserved in GTC frames for format-based PLOAM
channels. The PLOAM channels carry the PMD and GTC management
information that does not pass through the embedded OAM block.
– OMCI channels are used for managing services.
● Service flows on plane U are identified based on service flow types (ATM or
GEM) and port ID/VPI. Port IDs identify GEM service flows and VPIs identify
ATM service flows. In T-CONTs, bandwidths are allocated and QoS is
controlled using the timeslots that can be adjusted.

2.3.4 GPON Frame Structure

GPON Frame Structure
Figure 2-11 shows the GPON frame structure.

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Figure 2-11 GPON frame structure

Upstream GPON Frame

An upstream GPON frame has a fixed length of 125 µs. Each upstream frame
contains the content carried by one or more T-CONTs. All ONUs connected to a
GPON port share the upstream bandwidth.
● All ONUs connected to a GPON port send their data upstream at their own
timeslots according to bandwidth map (BWmap) requirements.
● Each ONU reports the status of data to be sent to the OLT using upstream
frames. Then, the OLT uses DBA to allocate upstream timeslots to ONUs and
sends updates in each frame.
In Figure 2-11, an upstream GPON frame consists of the physical layer overhead
upstream (PLOu), PLOAM upstream (PLOAMu), power level sequence upstream
(PLSu), dynamic bandwidth report upstream (DBRu), and payload fields, as
described in Table 2-2.

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Table 2-2 Field description for an upstream GPON frame

Field Description Function

PLOu Upstream physical layer Used for frame

overhead alignment,
synchronization, and
identification for an
ONU.

PLOAMu PLOAM messages of Used for reporting ONU

upstream data management messages,
including maintenance
and management status.
This field may not be
contained in a frame but
must be negotiated.

PLSu Upstream power level Used by ONUs for

sequence adjusting optical port
power. This field may not
be contained in a frame
but must be negotiated.

DBRu Upstream dynamic Used for reporting the T-

bandwidth report CONT status to apply for
bandwidth next time and
for allocating dynamic
bandwidths. This field
may not be contained in
a frame but must be
negotiated.

Payload Payload user data Can be a DBA status

report or data frame. If
this field is a data frame,
this field consists of a
GEM header and frames.

Downstream GPON Frame

A downstream GPON frame has a fixed length of 125 µs and comprises physical
control block downstream (PCBd) and payload. The OLT broadcasts PCBd to all
ONUs. Then, the ONUs receive the PCBd and perform operations based on the
information contained in PCBd. PCBd mainly consists of the GTC header and
BWmap.
● The GTC header is used for frame delimitation, synchronization, and forward
error correction (FEC).
● The BWMap field notifies every ONU of upstream bandwidth allocation. It
specifies the start and end upstream timeslots for the T-CONTs of each ONU,
ensuring that all ONUs send data using the timeslots specified by the OLT to
prevent data conflict.

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Figure 2-12 shows the structure of the PCBd shown in Figure 2-11.

Figure 2-12 PCBd structure

PCBd contains PSync, Ident, PLOAMd, BIP, PLend, and US BW Map fields, where US
BW Map is the upstream bandwidth mapping sent by the OLT for each T-CONT.
Table 2-3 describes each field.

Table 2-3 PCBd field description

Field Description Function

PSync Physical Used by ONUs to specify the start of

synchronization each frame.
domain, frame
synchronization
information

Ident Identification Used for sorting a frame in the

domain frames of the same type in length
sequence.

Downstream PLOAM messages It is used to transmit the OAM

PLOAM (PLOAMd) of downstream message of the physical layer to the
data ONU. This field may not be
contained in a frame but must be
negotiated.

BIP Bit interleaved Used for performing a parity check

parity for all bytes between two BIP fields
(excluding the preamble and delimit)
to monitor error codes.

PLend Length of Used for specifying the length of the

downstream BWmap field.
payloads

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Field Description Function

Upstream Upstream Used by the OLT for sending the

bandwidth map bandwidth upstream bandwidth mapping to
(US BW Map) mapping each T-CONT. The BWmap specifies
the start and end times for each T-
CONT in transmitting data.
● The StartTime field contains the
16-bit number that indicates the
starting time of the allocation.
NOTE
This time is measured in bytes,
starting with zero at the beginning of
the upstream GTC frame. This limits
the size of the upstream GTC frame
to 65536 bytes.
● The StopTime field contains the
16-bit number that indicates the
stopping time of the allocation.
NOTE
This time is measured in bytes,
starting with zero at the beginning of
the upstream GTC frame. The
StopTime points to the last valid data
byte associated with this allocation.

2.3.5 OMCI
Basic Concepts
OMCI is a type of ITU-T Recommendation G.984.4-compliant configuration and
transmission channel, which is used to transmit OMCI messages over dedicated
ATM PVCs or GEM ports established between an OLT and an ONT. The OMCI
messages are used for discovering ONTs for management and control.

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OMCI Position in GPON Protocol Stacks

Figure 2-13 GPON Protocol Stacks

OMCI Message Format

OMCI messages are strictly limited in length and format. Specifically, the length is
consistently 53 bytes and the length of the OMCI data unit is 48 bytes. For details,
see Figure 2-14.

Figure 2-14 OMCI message format

● GEM Header: includes GEM payload, GEM port ID, payload type indicator
(PTI), and header error control (HEC).

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● Transaction Correlation Identifier: The value of this field must be the same in
a request and the response to this request. The highest order of this field
indicates the priority of an OMCI message. Value 0 indicates a low priority
and value 1 indicates a high priority.
● Message type:
– DB: a destination bit, which is consistently 0.
– AR: an acknowledge request, indicating whether an OMCI message
requires the response from the peer end. Value 0 indicates that the
response is not required and value 1 indicates that the response is
required.
– AK: acknowledgement, indicating whether an OMCI message is a
response. Value 0 indicates not and value 1 indicates yes.
– MT: message type, which supports up to 32 message types, including
Create, Delete, Set, Get, and MIB upload. In the G.984.4 protocol, codes 4
to 28 are used, and other codes are reserved.
● Device identifier: The value of this field is consistently 0xA.
● Message Identifier: a 2-byte entity or instance ID.
● Message Contents: packet payload.
● OMCI trailer: Two bytes are consistently 0, two bytes are packet length 0x28,
and four bytes are CRCs.

OMCI Management
The OLT controls the ONU using the OMCI. The OMCI protocol allows the OLT to:
● Establish and release connections with the ONU.
● Manage the UNIs on the ONU.
● Request configuration information and performance statistics from the OSS.
● Autonomously inform the system administrator of events, such as link
failures.
The OMCI protocol runs over a GEM connection between the OLT controller and
the ONU controller. The GEM connection is established during ONU initialization.
The OMCI protocol is asynchronous: the OLT controller is the master and the ONU
controller is the slave. A single OLT controller using multiple protocol instances
over separate control channels can control multiple ONUs.
The OLT manages an ONU using OMCI in the following aspects:
● Configuration management: Controls and identifies an ONU, and collects data
from and provides data to the ONU.
● Fault management: Supports limited fault management. Most of the
operations are limited to failure indication.
● Performance management: Collects and queries performance statistics.
● Security management: Enables/Disables downstream encryption.

Establishing the ONU Management and Control Channel (OMCC)

Upon initialization, the ONU creates a virtual OMCI T-CONT, an OMCC structure
that contains an OMCI queue, a placeholder for an alloc-ID attribute, and – going
beyond the definition of an ordinary T-CONT – a placeholder for an OMCI port-ID

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attribute. The establishment of the OMCC follows the process shown in Figure
2-15. During activation, the ONU receives a PLOAM message from the OLT
indicating the assignment of the ONU-ID. The ONU populates the alloc-ID
attribute of its virtual OMCI T-CONT with the ONU-ID. This makes the alloc-ID for
OMCI the same as the assigned ONU-ID. It is therefore not necessary for the OLT
to send an assign_alloc-ID message to establish the OMCC. If the OLT nevertheless
chooses to send an assign_alloc-ID PLOAM with the default alloc-ID, the ONU
should acknowledge this message without taking any specific further action. This
is true regardless of the alloc-ID type value in the assign_alloc-ID message: it
should not be possible to de-allocate the default alloc-ID with an assign_alloc-ID
type 255 message.

Figure 2-15 OMCC establishment

Upon completion of ONU activation in G.984 systems, the OLT assigns a GEM
port-ID to the ONU for OMCI messages. This is accomplished by a configure_port-
ID PLOAM message. The ONU populates the OMCI port-ID attribute of the OMCC
structure based on that message, and responds back to the OLT with an
acknowledgment.

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In G.987 systems, the GEM port for OMCI use is automatically assigned, and is
equal to the ONU-ID.

At this point, the OMCC path has been successfully established.

2.4 Key GPON Techniques

2.4.1 GPON Ranging

Why Is Ranging Required

The logic reaches from ONUs to an OLT vary. Therefore, the time required for
transmitting optical signals over optical fibers is different and the times when the
ONUs receive optical signals is different. In addition, the round trip delays (RTDs)
between an OLT and ONUs also vary depending on time and environment.
Therefore, collisions may occur when ONU sends data in TDMA mode (in this
mode, only one of the ONUs connecting to a PON port sends data at a moment),
as shown in Figure 2-16. The OLT must precisely measure the distances between
itself and each ONU to provide a proper timeslot for converged upstream data
from all ONUs to prevent data conflict. In this way, the OLT controls the time for
each ONU to send data upstream.

Figure 2-16 Cell transmission without ranging

Ranging Principles
Ranging process is as follows:
● The OLT starts ranging for an ONU when the ONU registers with the OLT for
the first time and obtains the round trip delay (RTD) of the ONU. Based on
the RTD, the OLT calculates the physical reach of this ONU.
● The OLT specifies a proper equalization delay (EqD) for the ONU based on
the physical reach.
NOTE

The OLT requires a quiet zone during ranging to pause the upstream transmission channel of
the ONUs connected to it. The quiet zone is implemented by emptying BWmap so that no
timeslot is allocated for data transmission.

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Ranging Results
RTD and EqD synchronize data frames sent by all ONUs, preventing data conflict
on optical splitters. In this way, all ONUs locate at the same logic reach and they
send data at specified timeslots, thereby preventing upstream cell conflict.

Figure 2-17 Cell transmission with ranging

2.4.2 GPON Burst Optical/Electrical Technology

TDMA is used in GPON upstream direction. An ONU transmits data only within
the allocated timeslots. In the timeslots that are not allocated to it, the ONU
immediately disables the transmission of its optical transceiver to prevent other
ONUs from being affected. The OLT then receives the upstream data from each
ONU in a burst manner based on timeslots. Therefore, both OLT and ONU optical
modules must support burst receive and transmit function to ensure normal
running of the GPON system. Figure 2-18 shows the burst transmit function
supported by ONU optical modules, and Figure 2-19 shows the burst receive
function supported by OLT optical modules.

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Figure 2-18 Burst transmit function supported by ONU optical modules

Ranging can be implemented to prevent cells transmitted by different ONUs from

conflicting with each other on the OLT. However, the ranging accuracy is ± 1 bit
and the cells transmitted by different ONUs have a protection time of several bits
(not a multiple of 1 bit). If the ONU optical modules do not support the burst
receive and transmit function, the transmitted signals overlap and distortion
occurs.

NOTE

In the GPON system, all data is broadcast downstream to ONUs. The transmission requires
OLT optical modules to transmit optical signals continuously and ONU optical modules to
receive optical signals continuously. Therefore, in GPON downstream direction, the OLT
optical modules are not required to support the burst transmit function, the ONU optical
modules are not required to support the burst receive function.

Figure 2-19 Burst receive function supported by OLT optical modules

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● The distance from each ONU to the OLT varies and therefore the optical
signal attenuation varies for each ONU. As a result, the power and level of
packets received by an OLT at different timeslots various.
● If the OLT-side optical modules do not support the burst receive function, the
OLT may restore incorrect signals because only the level greater than the
threshold is considered valid and the signals with the level lower than the
threshold cannot be restored. The automatic gain control (AGC) function
dynamically adjusts the threshold of the receive optical power on the OLT
based on the strength of the received optical signals to ensure that the signals
of all ONUs can be restored.

2.4.3 GPON DBA

In the GPON system, the OLT controls an ONU's upstream data traffic by sending
authorization signals to the ONU. PON requires an effective TDMA mechanism to
control the upstream traffic so that data packets from multiple ONUs do not
collide in upstream transmission. However, the collision-based mechanism needs
to manage QoS in the passive ODN of the PON, which is physically impossible or
causes severe efficiency deterioration.
A mechanism for upstream GPON traffic management has been a primary focus
in standardization of GPON traffic management. To resolve the problem, ITU-T
Recommendation G.984.3 is developed, which defines the DBA protocol for
managing upstream PON traffic.
DBA enables the OLT to monitor congestion on the PON network in real time.
Then, the OLT can dynamically adjust bandwidths based on congestion, bandwidth
usages, and configurations. DBA supports the following functions:
● Improves upstream bandwidth usages on a PON port.
● Supports more users on a PON port.
● Provides higher bandwidths for users, especially the services with significant
bandwidth bursts.
Figure 2-20 shows DBA principles.

Figure 2-20 DBA principles

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● The embedded DBA module of an OLT continuously collects DBA reports,

performs calculation, and uses the BWMap field in the downstream frame to
notify the ONU of the DBA calculation result.
● According to the BWMap information, the ONUs send data upstream in the
timeslots allocated to them, and occupy the upstream bandwidth. Therefore,
each ONU dynamically adjusts its upstream bandwidth according to its
actually transmitted data traffic, improving upstream bandwidth usage.
Bandwidth can also be allocated in static mode, or fixed mode. In this mode, an
OLT periodically allocates a fixed bandwidth to each ONU based on the ONU's
service level agreement (SLA), bandwidth, and delay indicators.
● In fixed mode, an OLT uses a polling mechanism. The bandwidths allocated to
ONUs may vary but the bandwidth allocated to each ONU is the same in
each polling period. The bandwidth guarantee depends on an ONU's SLA but
not on its upstream service traffic. An ONU is allocated a fixed bandwidth
even carrying no upstream services.
● The static bandwidth allocation method is simple and easy to implement, and
is suitable for carrying services with fixed traffic such as TDM. However, the
upstream bandwidth cannot be adjusted in real time according to the traffic
on the ONU, and the bandwidth utilization is low when the IP service with
high burst traffic is carried.

2.4.4 GPON FEC

In actual applications, the transmission of digital signals introduces bit errors and
jitter, which degrade signal transmission quality.
To resolve the preceding issue, an error correction technology is required. Among
the error correction technologies, the effective ones achieve transmission reliability
by reducing bandwidth usages, which also increases telecom device complexity.
The error correction technologies are used for controlling errors. The codes
involved in these technologies are classified as error detection codes and error
correction codes based on usage scenarios.
● Error detection codes, such as parity check codes, are used for detecting error
codes.
● Error correction codes, such as BCH codes, Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, and
Hamming codes, are used for automatically correcting errors.
The only difference between the error detection codes and error correction codes
lies in performance parameters applied in different usage scenarios. FEC uses error
correction codes.
FEC is a data coding technology, which enables the RX end to check error bits in
transmission based on the coding data. FEC is unidirectional, not supporting error
information feedback.
Redundant codes are added to signals on the TX end. Then, the RX end checks the
signals for errors based on error-correcting code (ECC) and corrects errors is there
is any. Common FEC codes include Hamming codes, RS codes, and convolutional
codes. Figure 2-21 shows FEC principles.

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Figure 2-21 FEC principles

In the GPON FEC algorithm, the most common RS code RS (255,239) is used,
where the code word is 255 bytes long, consisting of 239 data bytes followed by
16 overhead redundant bytes. However, due to the overhead caused by multi-
frame tail fragments, the bandwidth throughput of the GPON system with FEC
enabled is about 90% of that with FEC disabled. RS code RS (255,239) complies
with ITU-T Recommendation G.984.3. The FEC algorithm decreases the bit error
rate (BER) from 10-3 to 10-12 on GPON lines.
FEC characteristics are as follows:
● Does not require data retransmission, thereby improving real-time efficiency.
● Enables lines to tolerate louder noises on a basis of a higher bandwidth
overhead. (In this case, users must balance between the transmission quality
and the bandwidth usage based on site requirements.)
● Based on the preceding characteristics, FEC applies to: The services requiring
error detection and correction at the RX end without retransmission.
● Data transmission if the network is in a poor condition. For example, the
transmission distance from the OLT to an ONT is long or the transmission line
is of poor quality, which results in insufficient optical power budget or high
BERs.
● The services requiring no delays (a retransmission prolongs the delay).
● FEC status can be configured in GPON systems based on GPON ports in the
downstream direction (by running the port fec command) and based on
ONUs in the upstream direction. To configure the FEC status in the upstream
direction based on ONUs, run either of the following commands:
– In profile mode, run the fec-upstream command.
– In discrete mode, run the ont fec-upstream command.

2.4.5 GPON Line Encryption

In a GPON system, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. Then, unauthorized
ONUs can receive the downstream data of authorized ONUs, causing system risks.
Line encryption is used to eliminate these security risks. The GPON system uses
the Advanced Encryption Standard 128 (AES128) algorithm to encrypt the data
packets transmitted in plaintext mode so that the packets are transmitted in
ciphertext mode, improving system security. Enable line encryption if the usage
scenarios promote high security requirements.
● The line encryption algorithms used in GPON systems neither increase
overhead nor decrease bandwidth usages.

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● The line encryption algorithms will not prolong transmission delays.

Figure 2-22 shows line encryption process.

Figure 2-22 Line encryption process

Key Exchange and Switchover

1. The OLT initiates a key exchange request to the ONU. The ONU responds to
the request and sends a new key to the OLT.
2. After receiving the new key, the OLT switches the key to the new one and
uses the new key to encrypt data.
3. The OLT sends the frame number that uses the new key to the ONU.
4. The ONU receives the frame number and switches the verification key on data
frames.

NOTE

● Due to length limitation on PLOAM messages, the ONU sends the key to the OLT in two
pieces and sends both parts of the key three times for extra redundancy. If the OLT is
unsuccessful in receiving either part of the key all three times it is transmitted, the OLT
initiates a key exchange request to the ONU again until the OLT receives the same key for
three times.
● The OLT issues a command three times to the ONU to notify the ONU of using the frame
number of the new key. The ONU switches the verification key on data frames after
receiving the command only once.

Configuration Method
● In GPON systems, run either of the following commands to configure line
encryption status based on GEM ports (excluding multicast and broadcast
GEM ports).
– In profile mode, run the gem add command.
– In discrete mode, run the gemport add command.
● Run either of the following commands to encrypt a GEM port in ONT
management and control channels (OMCCs):
– In profile mode, run the omcc encrypt command.
– In discrete mode, run the ont omcc encrypt command.

2.4.6 ONU Automatic Registration and Service Flow Creation

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Overview
The OLT supports the pre-configuration of the service flow creation policy on the
PON port. When the ONU that meets conditions goes online, registration and
service flow creation are automatically implemented based on the pre-configured
policy. This function simplifies the configuration process and improves the
installation and deployment efficiency.
NOTE

The ONU ID is configured during the pre-configuration of the service flow creation policy.
When the ONU starts to register with the OLT, the ONU ID and vendor identity are verified.
Only the ONU meeting conditions can implement automatic registration.

O&M for these automatically created service flows is the same as that for
commonly created service flows.

NOTE

Automatic registration and service flow creation are supported in the PON profile mode
only. They are not supported in the distributed mode.

Automatic Service Flow Creation

The automatic service flow creation process covers 2 scenarios: no ONU is
manually added; the ONU is manually added.

Figure 2-23 Process of automatic service flow creation (no ONU is manually
added)

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Figure 2-24 Process of automatic service flow creation (the ONU is manually
added)

Configuring Automatic Service Flow Creation

1. Configure an automatic ONU addition policy.
Run the ont auto-add-policy command to configure an automatic ONU
addition policy.
NOTE

When auto-confirm is set to enable, you do not need to run the ont confirm
command on the GPON port to confirm the ONU. When auto-confirm is set to
disable, you need to run the ont confirm command on the GPON port.
2. Configure the automatic service flow creation policy.
Run the auto-service-port
command to configure the automatic service flow creation policy.
For details about how to configure automatic service flow creation, see "8.3.3.4
Configuring Automatic Service Flow Creation (GPON)".

2.4.7 ONU Automatic Migration and Aging

Automatic Migration
When the ONU automatic migration function is enabled, if a PON port or fiber is
faulty, the ONU connected to this faulty PON port is migrated to another PON
port. If the ONU automatic adding policy is met, the ONU is automatically
removed from the original PON port, and then added to the new PON port. In this

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process, the OLT does not report the SN authentication conflict alarm. The ONU
connected to the original PON port must meet the following conditions:
● The ONU is offline.
● The ONU supports OMCI management.
● The ONU is not a member of the type C protection group.
● The ONU supports SN authentication.

NOTE

Automatic migration and aging are supported in the PON profile mode only. They are not
supported in the disperse mode.

Automatic Aging
When an offline ONU is aged and meets automatic adding policy, the OLT
automatically deletes the aged ONU to save resources. The ONU automatic aging
period can be configured. The value range is 1–365. The default value is no-aging,
which indicates no aging. For an aged ONU that meets the automatic adding
policy, it will be automatically registered after being powered on.

Configuring Automatic Migration and Aging

1. Configure ONU automatic migration.
Run the ont auto-migration command to configure ONU automatic
migration.
2. Configure ONU automatic aging.
Run the ont auto-aging command to configure ONU automatic aging.

2.5 GPON Terminal Authentication and Management

GPON terminal authentication is a mechanism in which an OLT authenticates an
ONU according to the authentication information reported by the ONU and in this
way denies access to unauthorized ONUs. In the GPON system, only authenticated
ONUs can access the system. After the ONU passes authentication and goes
online, data can be transmitted between ONUs and the OLT.

2.5.1 GPON Terminal Authentication (ONU Is Not

Preconfigured)
The authentication modes for ONUs pre-configured on the OLT include SN, SN
+Password, and Password. Figure 2-25 shows the registration flow for ONUs not
pre-configured on the OLT.

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Figure 2-25 Authentication process of an ONU that is not preconfigured

● The OLT sends a serial number (SN) request to the ONU.

● The ONU responds to the SN request message sent from the OLT.
● Upon receiving the SN response from the ONU, the OLT assigns a temporary
ONU ID to the ONU.
● After the ONU enters the operation state, the OLT sends a password request
message to the ONU. The ONU then responds with a password. The password
is not configured on the OLT.
– If the automatic discovery function is not enabled on the PON port to
which the ONU is connected, the OLT sends a deregister message to the

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ONU. Upon receiving this message, the ONU sends a register request
message to the OLT.
– If the automatic discovery function is enabled on the PON port to which
the ONU is connected, the port reports an alarm to the command line
interface (CLI) or network management system (NMS), indicating that
the ONU is automatically discovered. The ONU can go online only after
being confirmed.

2.5.2 GPON Terminal Authentication (ONU Has Been Pre-

configured)
A pre-configured ONU can be authenticated in three modes: SN, SN+password,
and password.

SN/SN+Password Authentication
In SN authentication, the OLT matches only the ONU SN. In SN+password
authentication, the OLT matches both the ONU SN and password. Figure 2-26
shows the authentication flow.

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Figure 2-26 SN/SN+password authentication flow

NOTE

If an ONU is authenticated in SN mode, no password is required in the authentication

process.

● After receiving an SN response message from an ONU, the OLT checks

whether another ONU with the same SN is online. If yes, the OLT reports an
SN conflict alarm to the CLI or NMS. If no, the OLT directly assigns a user-
defined ONU ID to the ONU.
● After the ONU enters the operation state,
– For the ONU that is authenticated in SN mode, the OLT does not send a
password request message to this ONU. Instead, the OLT automatically
configures a GEM port that has the same ID as the ONU ID for the ONU

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for carrying OMCI messages, and allows the ONU to go online. In

addition, the OLT reports an ONU online alarm to the CLI or NMS.
– For the ONU that is authenticated in SN+password mode, the OLT sends
a password request to the ONU, and compares the password reported by
the ONU with the local password. If the two passwords are the same, the
OLT directly configures a GEM port for the ONU to carry OMCI messages,
and allows the ONU to go online. In addition, the OLT reports an ONU
online alarm to the CLI or NMS. If the two passwords are not the same,
the OLT reports a password error alarm to the CLI or NMS. The OLT does
not report an ONU automatic discovery message even if the ONU
automatic discovery function is enabled on the PON port. Instead, the
OLT sends the Deactivate_ONU-ID PLOAM message to deregister the
ONU.

Password Authentication
An ONU that uses password authentication is added to a PON port on an OLT in
advance, and then this ONU is connected to the PON port. In password
authentication, if finding that the SN or password of the ONU to be authenticated
conflicts with that of an online ONU, the OLT deregisters the ONU to be
authenticated. This does not affect the online ONU. Password authentication is
available in two modes: once-on and always-on.

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Figure 2-27 Initial ONU authentication in once-on mode

Once-on Application Scenarios

A carrier allocates a password to a user and requires the user to go online within a
specified time. After going online, the user cannot change the ONU. To change the
ONU, the user must notify the carrier. In once-on mode, the aging time is
configurable. After the aging time is set, the ONU must register with the OLT and
go online within the preset aging time. Otherwise, the ONU is not allowed to
register with the OLT or go online. Once the ONU is authenticated, its SN cannot
be changed.
In once-on mode,
● Only the initial authentication of an ONU is performed by password, as
shown in Figure 2-27.
● In subsequent authentications, the ONU can be authenticated by SN or SN
+password according to the CLI configuration, as shown in Figure 2-26.

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NOTE

In once-on mode, before the ONU registration times out or before the ONU successfully
registers with the OLT for the first time, the ONU discovery status is ON. Only the ONU
whose discovery status is ON is allowed to register with the OLT and go online. After the
ONU registration times out or after the ONU successfully registers with the OLT for the first
time, the OLT sets the ONU discovery status to OFF.
● The ONU whose registration times out is not allowed to register with the OLT or go
online. The registration timeout flag of the ONU needs to be reset at the central office
(CO), and then the ONU can go online.
● An ONU that successfully registers for the first time is allowed to register and go
online again.

Always-on Application Scenarios

NOTE

In the Always-on mode, the OLT does not need to record the SN when an ONU goes online
for the first time.

The always-on mode applies to the following scenario: A carrier allocates a

password to a user, and the user can use different ONUs with this password and
different SNs. The user can change the ONU without informing the carrier. In
always-on mode, there is no restriction on the time when the user goes online.
● An ONU is authenticated by password when it goes online for the first time.
After the ONU passes the password authentication and goes online
successfully, the OLT generates an SN+password entry according to the SN
and password of the ONU. Figure 2-27 shows the authentication process.
● The following scenarios are involved if it is not the first time that an ONU
goes online:
– If the SN and password of the ONU are the same as the SN and
password of the ONU that successfully goes online for the first time, the
ONU is authenticated by SN+password. Figure 2-26 shows the
authentication process.
– If the user replaces the ONU with an ONU that has the same password
but a different SN, the new ONU is authenticated by password. After this
ONU passes authentication and goes online successfully, the original SN
+password entry is updated. Figure 2-27 shows the authentication
process.

2.5.3 GPON Terminal Management

The ONUs (including MDUs and ONTs) in a GPON system are managed using
physical layer OAM (PLOAM) messages and OMCI messages.
PLOAM, defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.984.3, is used for exchanging
management and maintenance messages, such as DBA and DBRu messages,
between the GPON physical layer and TC layer.
ONUs (including MDUs and ONTs) in a GPON system are managed using OMCI
messages. The ONUs support offline deployment, plug-and-play, and automatic
service provisioning. For details about OMCI management functions, see OMCI.
● OMCI messages are used for maintaining and managing service hierarchies,
such as discovering device hardware capabilities and configuring alarm
maintenance and service capabilities.

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● OMCI enables ONUs to support offline configuration so that the ONUs do not
need to store configuration data locally, facilitating service provisioning.

MDU Management
Figure 2-28 shows the process of configuring a management channel for an MDU.

Figure 2-28 Process of configuring a management channel for an MDU

1. The NMS issues MDU inband management parameters to the OLT through
the OLT inband management channel.
2. The OLT configures the MDU inband management parameters and Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) parameters through the OMCI or
OAM channel to set up the MDU inband management channel.
3. The NMS issues service configuration data through the MDU inband
management channel. After the MDU inband management channel is set up,
the NMS configures and manages the MDU through the SNMP channel. In
such a manner, the OLT only needs to forward the MDU inband management
data.

ONT Management
GPON terminals are managed using one of these protocols: optical network
terminal management and control interface (OMCI), Extensible Markup Language
(XML), or Technical Report 069 (TR069).
● The optical network terminal management and control interface (OMCI)
protocol is defined by ITU-T G984.4, which applies to managing optical
network terminals (ONTs) in a GPON system. Huawei ONTs comply with
OMCI. OMCI messages are transmitted between an optical line terminal
(OLT) and an ONT over a dedicated permanent virtual channel (PVC) in
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or a GPON encapsulation mode (GEM)
port. The OMCI protocol manages and provides O&M for the ONT.

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● Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a text format used for message

interaction between devices. The network management system (NMS) uses
XML to manage ONTs in a Huawei FTTx system. XML is also a management
mode extended from OAM because not all voice and Layer 3 gateway services
are defined in the OAM.
● Technical Report 069 (TR069) is a network management protocol defined by
the DSL Forum. The full name of TR069 is CPE WAN Management Protocol
(CWMP). CPE is the acronym for customer premises equipment and WAN is
the acronym for wide area network. It defines a new network management
structure consisting of management models, interaction interfaces, and basic
management parameters. In the network management structure, the
management server functions as an Auto-Configuration Server (ACS) and is
responsible for managing the CPE. The ACS and CPE use Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) to communicate with each other. The ACS serves as an HTTP
server and the CPE serves as a client. Management operations are
implemented using XML-based remote procedure call (RPC).
Optical network terminals (ONTs) are classified into three types: bridge type,
bridge+voice type, and gateway type.
● A bridge-type ONT provides Layer 2 data and multicast services.
● A bridge+voice-type ONT provides Layer 2 data, Layer 2 multicast services,
and voice over IP (VoIP) services.
● A gateway-type ONT provides Layer 3 data, Layer 3 multicast services, and
VoIP services.
Each type of terminal management solution has a unique service management
scope. Based on terminal types, different GPON terminal management solutions
are available, including OMCI+NMS, OMCI+NMS+XML, OMCI+NMS+TR069.
● The OMCI+NMS solution manages Layer 2 services, voice services and the
PON link layer. This solution cannot manage Layer 3 services.
● The OMCI+NMS+XML solution manages Layer 2 services, Layer 3 services, and
voice services.
● The OMCI+NMS+TR069 solution manages Layer 3 services and voice services,
and remotely identifies faults. When this solution is used, OMCI is still
required to manage Layer 2 services and the PON link layer.

OMCI+NMS
A standard optical network terminal management and control interface (OMCI)
solution enables you to manage optical network terminals (ONTs) supplied by
different vendors in diverse types of scenarios. An optical line terminal (OLT) and
an ONT are closely coupled with each other. If a new service requirement is not
defined in the OMCI, a new OMCI entity must be defined. An OMCI solution
enables you to manage Layer 2 features and voice services. The OLT
communicates with the ONT in OMCI mode.
Figure 2-29 shows the general principles of the OMCI+NMS solution for NMS
+OLT+ONT deployment scenarios.

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Figure 2-29 General principles of the OMCI+NMS solution

1. The Operations Support System (OSS) issues service configuration parameters

to the NMS using the TL1 northbound interface (NBI).
2. The NMS uses the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to manage
the OLT.
3. The OLT issues service configuration parameters to the ONT through an OMCI
channel.

OMCI+NMS+XML
To overcome the limitations of the OMCI+NMS solution, Huawei provides the
OMCI+NMS+XML solution. In this solution, the NMS uses XML files transmitted
over an IP channel to communicate with the OLT, and the OLT uses XML files
transmitted over an OMCI channel to communicate with ONTs. The OMCI
protocol manages Layer 2 services and the XML protocol manages Layer 3 and
voice services.
Figure 2-30 shows the general principles of the OMCI+NMS+XML solution for
NMS+OLT+ONT deployment scenarios.

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Figure 2-30 General principles of the OMCI+NMS+XML solution

The NMS uploads the XML file to the FTP/TFTP/SFTP server. The OLT obtains the
XML file from the FTP/TFTP/SFTP server and transparently transmits the XML file
to an ONT through the OMCI channel.
NOTE

TFTP/FTP has security risks due to protocol limitations. Therefore, the SFTP mode with high
security is recommended for loading the XML file to the ONT.

1. The OSS issues service configuration parameters to the NMS using the TL1
NBI.
2. The NMS converts service information to XML files and uploads the files to
the FTP/TFTP/SFTP server.
3. The NMS issues ONT configuration update commands to download the files.
4. The OLT obtains the XML files from the FTP/TFTP/SFTP server.
5. The OLT issues the XML files to the ONT through the OMCI channel.
6. The ONT returns execution results to the OLT using the OMCI entity.
7. The OLT reports the results to the NMS using traps.

The OMCI+NMS+XML solution meets all requirements for configuring ONTs but
configuration files are transmitted in unidirectional mode. Due to this limitation,
the configuration files only implement service configurations and status
performance management, but cannot provide operation and maintenance
(O&M) functions such as query of ONT status and configuration, and test and
diagnose functions. To overcome OMCI+NMS+XML limitations, Huawei provides
TR069 over OMCI. As a supplement to OMCI+NMS+XML, TR069 over OMCI is used
for remote O&M and fault diagnosis. The NMS can use TR069 to remotely
maintain ONTs without a dedicated TR069 server.

Figure 2-31 shows the general principles for NMS+OLT+ONT deployment

scenarios.

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Figure 2-31 General principles of the TR069 over OMCI solution

The solution manages configuration, performance, faults, and status of IP-based

services by applying the associated methods described in the TR069 solution to
the OMCI solution. The OLT and ONT transparently transmit data between each
other.
1. The NMS manages and maintains an ONT, and queries the ONT status. It
encapsulates involved commands to character strings or binary code flows in
a certain format, and issues the commands to the OLT through the MIB
interface.
2. The OLT transparently transmits the character strings or binary code streams
to the ONT using an extended OMCI entity.
3. The ONT returns execution results to the OLT using the OMCI entity.
4. The OLT reports the results to the NMS using traps.

OMCI+NMS+TR069
This solution allows an Auto-Configuration Server (ACS) to manage all the
terminals on the network, locate faults, provide services, and collect performance
statistics. Based on SNMP and TR069, this solution allows the ACS to manage
home terminals in a unified manner, reducing O&M costs. TR069 automatically
implements ONT configuration, dynamically provisions services, remotely locates
faults, and rapidly collects terminal statistics.
Figure 2-32 shows the general principles of the solution.

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Figure 2-32 General principles of the OMCI+NMS+TR069 solution

This solution allows the NMS to manage the OLT using SNMP, manage voice and
Layer 3 services using TR069, and manage PON link layer using OMCI.
1. The OSS issues service configuration parameters to the NMS using the TL1
NBI.
2. The NMS manages the OLT using SNMP.
3. The OLT issues PON link layer configuration to the ONT using OMCI.
4. The ONT returns execution results to the OLT. Then the IP channel is set up.
5. The ONT registers with the ACS.
6. The ACS encapsulates user information in a TR069-compliant format and
sends it to the ONT through the IP channel. The user information includes
operations, maintenance items, and queries performed by a user. The IP
channel is bidirectional.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Terminal Management Solutions

Bridge type, bridge+voice type, and gateway type ONTs provide different types of
services. Therefore, different solutions are used to manage these ONTs. Table 2-4
lists the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Table 2-5 lists the
recommended solution for each type of ONT.

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Table 2-4 Advantages and disadvantages of each solution

Terminal Management Advantage Disadvantage
Solution

OMCI+NMS ● A unified interface is ● The OLT and ONT are

used for ONT service closely coupled with
management. on each other. New
● The OLT and ONT services on the ONT
communicate with require the OLT's
each other using support, adding to the
OMCI-associated difficulty in deploying
standards. new services.
● The ONT does not ● The OMCI standard is
require a not fully developed. If
management IP a new service
address. requirement is not
defined in the OMCI,
a new OMCI entity
must be defined.

OMCI+NMS+XML ● The ONT does not ● This is a Huawei's

require a proprietary solution
management IP and cannot interact
address. with devices from
● The OLT and ONT are other vendors.
not closely coupled ● Voice and Layer 3
with each other to services cannot be
certain extent. configured using a
● A unified command on the OLT.
management server is
used for swift service
deployment.

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Terminal Management Advantage Disadvantage

Solution

OMCI+NMS+TR069 ● An OLT version and ● TR069 is based on the

an ONT version are IP protocol and
not bound to each requires an extra IP
other. In other words, management
an OLT upgrade does network.
not require an ONT ● Different interfaces
upgrade; the opposite are used to manage
is also true. the ONT. The EMS
● TR069 provides an manages the link
enhanced definition layer and the ACS
and deployment manages IP-based
scenario for the IP- services.
based customer
premises equipment
(CPE) service
management model.
Therefore, ONT
vendors can easily
deploy new gateway
and voice services.

Table 2-5 Recommended solutions for each type of ONT

Terminal Type Optional Solution Recommended Solution

Bridge type OMCI+NMS or OMCI OMCI+NMS

+NMS+XML

Bridge+voice type OMCI+NMS or OMCI OMCI+NMS+XML (NMS

+NMS+XML provisions services)
OMCI+NMS (OLT is
connected to third-party
ONTs)

Gateway type OMCI+NMS+XML or Only the NMS server is

OMCI+NMS+TR069 deployed: OMCI+NMS
+XML
The NMS and TR069
servers are deployed:
OMCI+NMS+TR069

2.6 Continuous-Mode ONU Detection

This function is used to detect the continuous-mode ONU of terminal devices such
as the MDU and ONT.

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Overview
PON networks use the P2MP(point-to-multipoint) network architecture. They use
time division multiple access (TDMA) in the upstream direction. ONUs must send
optical signals upstream at the timeslots allocated by the OLT to prevent data
conflict.
A continuous-mode ONU is also called a continuous-mode rogue ONU. It
continuously sends optical signals to the upstream direction.
A continuous-mode ONU adversely affects the system as follows:
● If this ONU has been online, some or all ONUs connected to the same PON
port go offline or frequently go offline and online.
● If this ONU has not been configured, other ONUs that have not been
configured and connected to the same PON port will not be discovered by the
OLT.

Figure 2-33 Rogue ONU

Continuous-Mode ONU Detection

Continuous-mode ONU detection, also called rogue ONU detection, is used for
detecting continuous-mode ONUs in the system and isolating them, ensuring
proper system running. A continuous-mode ONU detection process involves three
stages, checking, detection, and isolation.

Figure 2-34 Continuous-Mode ONU detection process

● The three stages are as follows: Checking: The OLT periodically checks
whether a continuous-mode ONU connects to a PON port. This checking
cannot locate the continuous-mode ONU.

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The OLT opens an empty window in the upstream direction of the PON to
make all online ONUs stop sending upstream optical signals within a period
of time, and detects ONU upstream optical signals. If the OLT receives optical
signals, it then goes to the detection stage to locate the ONU.
● Detection: The OLT locates the continuous-mode ONU.
The OLT issues a command to ONUs to instruct the optical modules of the
ONUs to send optical signals upstream and checks whether optical signals
can be received in the upstream direction. If other ONUs go offline after an
ONU sends optical signals, this ONU is a continuous-mode ONU. In a
detection process, the OLT checks all ONUs connected to a PON port for
detecting all continuous-mode ONUs.
● Isolation: The OLT issues a command to power off the continuous-mode ONU,
preventing this ONU from adversely affecting other ONUs connected to the
same PON port.
After an ONU is powered off by the OLT, the ONU cannot send optical signals
upstream even after being reset or power recycled. This ONU can send optical
signals upstream only after the OLT cancels the isolation.
NOTE

The OLT checks continuous-mode ONUs but does not detect or isolate them by default.

Handling a Continuous-Mode ONU

1. If an ONT goes online and other ONTs connected to the same PON port go
offline or go online and offline frequently, or the 0x2e314021 There are
illegal incursionary rogue ONTs under the port alarm is reported to the
OLT, a rogue ONT may exist in the system. In this case, locate the rogue ONT
according to the following steps.
NOTE

You can also run the display port state command to query whether a rogue ONT
exists under a PON port.
2. Run the anti-rogueont manual-detect command to detect, locate, and
isolate a continuous-mode rogue ONT manually. Check whether the system
generates alarm 0x2e314022 The ONT is rogue ONT or 0x2e314021 There
are illegal incursionary rogue ONTs under the port.
NOTE

During rogue ONU detection, if the port of the ONU to be detected is configured with a
type B protection group, you need to run the force-switch command to forcibly switch the
protection group and then check for a rogue ONU to avoid protection switching. You can
forcibly switch services to the work side for rogue ONU detection if you are not sure which
feeder fiber functions properly. If the rogue ONU is not located on the working side,
forcibly switch to the protection side to locate the rogue ONU. Then, run the undo force-
switch command to cancel forced protection group switching.
– If the The ONT is rogue ONT or There are illegal incursionary rogue
ONTs under the port alarm is generated, a continuous-mode rogue ONT
may exist. In this case, go to 3.
– If the The ONT is rogue ONT or There are illegal incursionary rogue
ONTs under the port alarm is not generated, an irregular-mode rogue
ONT may exist. In this case, go to 4.

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3. Handle the ONT according to the generated alarm.

– If the 0x2e314022 The ONT is rogue ONT alarm is generated, replace
the ONU. Then, go to 7.
– If the 0x2e314021 There are illegal incursionary rogue ONTs under
the port alarm is generated, go to 4.
NOTE

If the 0x2e314021 There are illegal incursionary rogue ONTs under the port alarm is
generated, a continuous-mode rogue ONU may exist and this rogue ONU does not support
Huawei-defined extended PLOAM messages, or the optical signal transmission of the ONU
optical module cannot be controlled.
4. Run the ont reset command or the ont deactivate command to reset or
deactivate ONUs under the PON port one by one. Then, check whether other
ONUs that encounter the fault (going offline or going online and offline
repeatedly) can go online.
– If yes, it indicates that the ONU is a rogue ONU. Replace the ONU. Go to
7.
– If no, the ONT optical module may be damaged so that the rogue ONT
fails to be reset or deactivated by running the command. In this case, go
to 5.
5. Locate a rogue ONU manually: Remove the upstream optical fibers of ONUs
one by one from the optical splitter, and check whether other faulty ONUs go
online normally.
– If yes, it indicates that the ONT is a rogue ONT. Replace the ONU. Then,
go to 7.
– If no, go to 6.
6. Obtain technical support from Huawei.
7. The fault is rectified.

Limitations and Restrictions

● The OLT checks and analyzes the abnormality in the sending of upstream
optical signal over a PON line, and identifies and isolates rogue ONUs of only
non-malicious users. This feature does not apply to the intentionally
sabotaged ONU or sub-standard ONU.
● A continuous-mode ONU (rogue ONU) is required to parse and respond to
downstream PLOAM messages.
● The OLT can quickly locate a continuous-mode ONU only when the ONU
supports standard PLOAM messages and the ONU optical module is correctly
controlled. When an unconfigured ONU connected to a PON port is in the
continuous mode, all the other unconfigured ONUs connected to this PON
port will fail to be automatically discovered.

2.7 GPON Configuration Guide (Profile mode)

GPON configurations include the configurations on GPON profiles, ONTs, and
ports. The following section describes configuration methods.

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Context
The xPON mode includes two types: distributed (discrete) mode and profile mode.
The differences between the two modes are as follows:
● In the distributing mode, ONTs cannot be added in batches. Instead, ONTs
need to be configured one by one.
● In profile mode, you can pre-configure ONT line profiles and ONT service
profiles and bind ONTs of the same configurations to the same profile to add
them in batches, which significantly improves service provisioning efficiency.

The xPON mode is determined during site provisioning and will not be changed.

You can run the display xpon mode command to query the xPON mode of the
current system.

2.7.1 Configuring a GPON ONT Profile (Profile mode)

In distributed mode, GPON ONT profiles include the GPON ONT capability profile
and the GPON ONT alarm profile. In profile mode, GPON ONT profiles include
DBA profiles, line profiles, service profiles, and alarm profiles. This topic describes
how to configure these profiles.

Context
GPON ONT profiles contain the parameters required for configuring the GPON
access service, of which,
● DBA profiles specify GPON traffic parameters. The DBA profile bound to an
OLT enables the OLT to dynamically allocate bandwidths, improving upstream
bandwidth utilization.
● In profile mode, the line profile is mainly used to configure the information
related to DBA, T-CONT, and GEM port. The service profile is used to
configure the actual ONT capability and the parameters related to services.
The line profile is mandatory and the service profile is optional and
dependent of service requirements. Set related attributes in line profile mode
and service profile mode, and directly bind the ONT to the line profile and
service profile.
● The GPON ONT alarm profile provides a series of alarm threshold parameters
that are used for performance measurement and monitoring of activated
ONU lines. After a GPON alarm profile is bound to an ONU, the ONU sends
alarms to the log host and the NMS if the performance statistics of the line
exceed the threshold that is specified in the profile.

NOTE

In this document, ONUs include MDUs and ONTs.

2.7.1.1 Configuring a DBA Profile

A DBA profile defines the traffic parameters of xPON and can be bound to a T-
CONT to dynamically allocate the bandwidth and improve the usage of the
upstream bandwidth.

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Default Configuration
Table 2-6 lists the default settings of the DBA profiles.

Table 2-6 Default settings of the DBA profiles

Parameter Default Setting Remarks

Default DBA profile 0-9 You can run the display

ID in the system dba-profile all command
to query the parameter
values of each default DBA
profile.

Procedure
Step 1 Add a DBA profile.

Run the dba-profile add command to add a DBA profile. By default, the system
provides DBA profiles 0–9 with typical traffic parameter values. The default
profiles cannot be added or deleted.

NOTE

● By default, a T-CONT is not bound to any DBA profile. You must bind a T-CONT to a DBA
profile.
● When you add a DBA profile, the bandwidth value must be a multiple of 64. If you enter a
bandwidth value not of a multiple of 64, the system adopts the closest multiple of 64 that is
smaller than the value you enter.

Step 2 Query a DBA profile.

Run the display dba-profile command to query a DBA profile.

----End

Example
To add a DBA profile with the type of type3, set the profile name to DBA_100M
and the required bandwidth to 100 Mbit/s, do as follows:
huawei(config)#dba-profile add profile-name DBA_100M type3 assure 102400 max 102400
huawei(config)#display dba-profile profile-name DBA_100M

2.7.1.2 Configuring a GPON ONT Line Profile (Profile Mode)

This topic describes how to configure a GPON ONT line profile and use it when
adding an ONT. When an ONT is managed by OMCI or SNMP, the ONT must be
bound to a GPON ONT line profile.

Default Configuration
Table 2-7 lists the default settings of a GPON ONT line profile.

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Table 2-7 Default settings of a GPON ONT line profile

Parameter Default Setting

QoS mode Priority-queue (PQ) scheduling mode

Mapping mode supported by the VLAN mapping mode

ONT

Upstream FEC switch Disabled

Configuration Process
Figure 2-35 shows the process of configuring a GPON ONT line profile.

Figure 2-35 Process of configuring a GPON ONT line profile

Procedure
Step 1 Bind a T-CONT to a DBA profile.
1. Run the ont-lineprofile gpon command to add a GPON ONT line profile and
enter the GPON ONT line profile mode.

Regardless of whether the ONT is in the OMCI or SNMP management mode,

the line profile must be configured for the ONT. After adding a GPON ONT
line profile, directly enter the GPON ONT line profile mode to configure the
related attributes of the ONT line.
2. Use the following two methods to bind a DBA profile. Select either method as
required. Both methods can coexist in the system.

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– In line profile mode:

This method is applicable to the scenario where the DBA profile is stable
and the terminals are of a single type.
Run the tcont command to bind the T-CONT to a DBA profile. Ensure
that 2.7.1.1 Configuring a DBA Profile is completed before the
configuration.
– In GPON mode:
This method is applicable to the scenario where the DBA profile changes
frequently and the terminals are of different types.
i. Run the tcont command to create a T-CONT, which is not bound to
the DBA.
ii. After the configuration of a GPON ONT line profile is complete, enter
the GPON mode. Run the tcont bind-profile command to bind the
T-CONT to a DBA profile. Ensure that 2.7.1.1 Configuring a DBA
Profile is completed before the configuration.
NOTE

By default, T-CONT 0 of an ONT is used by OMCI and is bound to DBA profile 1. The
configuration suggestions for the OMCI T-CONT are as follows:
– Do not modify the DBA profile bound to T-CONT 0. If you need to modify the
profile, ensure that the fixed bandwidth of the modified profile is not lower than 1
Mbit/s.
– Do not bind a GEM port to the T-CONT. That is, ensure that the T-CONT does not
carry any service.
– If the sum of the fixed bandwidth and assured bandwidth of the bound DBA profile
is larger than the remaining bandwidth of the GPON port, the binding fails and the
system displays a message "Failure: The bandwidth is not enough". In this case,
you can run the display port info command to query the remaining bandwidth
(Left guaranteed bandwidth (kbit/s)) of the GPON port, and then decrease the
fixed bandwidth and assured bandwidth of the bound DBA profile accordingly.

Step 2 (Optional) Configure the QoS mode of the GPON ONT line profile.

Run the qos-mode command to configure the QoS mode of the GPON ONT line
profile to be the same as the QoS mode of the GEM port. By default, the QoS
mode of the ONT line profile is the PQ scheduling mode. The three QoS modes
are as follows:
● flow-car: When this mode is selected, flow-car should be selected in the gem
mapping command, and the maximum traffic depends on the traffic profile
bound to the service port. Run the traffic table ip command to create a
required traffic profile before the configuration.
● gem-car: When this mode is selected, gem-car should be selected in the gem
add command, and the maximum traffic depends on the traffic profile bound
to the GEM port.
● priority-queue: When this mode is selected, priority-queue should be selected
in the gem add command. The system has eight default queues (0-7). Queue
7 has the highest priority and the traffic of this queue must be ensured first.
The maximum traffic depends on the DBA profile bound to the corresponding
T-CONT.

Step 3 Configure the binding relationship between the GEM index and the T-CONT.

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Run the gem add command to configure the binding relation between the GEM
index and the T-CONT in the GPON ONT line profile.

The ONT can carry services only after the mapping between the GEM port and the
T-CONT, and the mapping between the GEM port and the service port are
configured for the ONT. A correct attribute should be selected for service-type
based on the service type. Select eth when the Ethernet service is carried. Select
tdm when the TDM service is carried.

Step 4 Configure the mapping between the GEM port and the ONT-side service.

Run the gem mapping command to set up the mapping between the GEM port
and the ONT-side service.

Before the configuration, run the mapping-mode command to configure the

mapping mode supported by the ONT to be the same as the configured mapping
mode between the GEM port and the ONT-side service. By default, the ONT
supports the VLAN mapping mode.

Mapping mode description

Parameter Description

Mapping Mode Mandatory Configuration

Item for the gem mapping
Command

vlan Indicates the VLAN mapping. vlan

The VLAN mapping is the
default mapping mode.

priority Indicates the 802.1p priority priority

mapping.

vlan-priority Indicates the VLAN + 802.1p vlan and priority

priority mapping.

port Indicates the port ID ont-portid

mapping.

port-vlan Indicates the port ID+VLAN ont-portid and vlan

mapping.

port-priority Indicates the port ID+802.1p ont-portid and priority

priority mapping.

port-vlan- Indicates the port ID+VLAN ont-portid, vlan, and priority

priority +802.1p priority mapping.

iptos Indicates the IP ToS field priority

mapping. IP ToS is the ToS
priority of the IP packet
header. This mapping is based
on the priority of the ToS
domain and is considered as
the extension of the 802.1p
priority.

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Parameter Description

Mapping Mode Mandatory Configuration

Item for the gem mapping
Command

vlan-iptos Indicates the VLAN+IP ToS vlan and priority

field mapping.

● The mapping modes of the ETH port and the MOCA port are as follows:
– If the port is specified and then the VLAN is further specified, the
mapping mode should be configured to port-vlan in the mapping-mode
command. That is, the port+VLAN mapping mode is used.
– If the port is specified and then the priority is further specified, the
mapping mode should be configured to port-priority in the mapping-
mode command. That is, the port+priority mapping mode is used.
– If the port and the VLAN are specified and then the priority is further
specified, the mapping mode should be configured to port-vlan-priority
in the mapping-mode command. That is, the port+VLAN+priority
mapping mode is used.
● As a special port, the IPHOST or E1 port is not restricted by the ONT mapping
mode.

When the mapping mode is vlan-priority or port-vlan-priority,

● If a GEM port is mapped to multiple VLANs, any of these VLANs cannot map
to any other GEM port.
● If a VLAN is mapped to multiple GEM ports, any of these GEM ports cannot
map to any other VLAN.

Step 5 Configure the upstream FEC switch.

Run the fec-upstream command to configure the upstream FEC switch of the
GPON ONT line profile. By default, this switch is disabled.

In the FEC check, the system inserts redundancy data into normal packets. In this
way, the line has certain error tolerant function, but certain bandwidth resources
are wasted. Enabling the FEC function enhances the error tolerant capability of the
line but occupies certain bandwidth. Therefore, determine whether to enable the
FEC function based on the actual line planning.

Step 6 Configure the status of the ONT Management and Control Channel (OMCC)
encryption switch.

Run the omcc encrypt command to configure the status of the OMCC encryption
switch. When OMCC encryption is enabled, OMCC packets are encrypted;
otherwise, OMCC packets are not encrypted. By default, this switch is disabled.

Step 7 Run the commit command to make the parameters of the profile take effect. The
configuration of a line profile takes effect only after you perform this operation.

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NOTE

If this profile is not bound, all the parameters that are configured take effect when the profile is
bound. If this profile is already bound, the configuration takes effect on all ONTs bound to this
profile immediately.

Step 8 Run the quit command to return to the global configuration mode.

----End

Example
Example: Add GPON ONT line profile 5. Create a channel for carrying the ETH
service. Set T-CONT to 1, bind DBA profile 12, set GEM index to 1, bind it to T-
CONT 1, and map it to ETH port 1 of the ONT. Use the QoS policy of controlling
the traffic based on GEM ports, and bind the GEM port to default traffic profile 6.
huawei(config)#ont-lineprofile gpon profile-id 5
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#tcont 1 dba-profile-id 12
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#qos-mode gem-car
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#gem add 1 eth tcont 1 gem-car 6
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#mapping-mode port
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#gem mapping 1 0 eth 1
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#quit

To modify GPON ONT line profile 5, and change the DBA profile bound to T-CONT
1 from DBA profile 12 to DBA profile 10, do as follows:
huawei(config)#ont-lineprofile gpon profile-id 5
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#tcont 1 dba-profile-id 10
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#quit

To modify GPON ONT line profile 5, bind GEM index 1 to T-CONT 2 (originally
bound to T-CONT 3), and map GEM index 1 to ETH port 2 on the ONT, do as
follows:
NOTE

● To modify the binding between a GEM index and a T-CONT, you need to delete the existing
binding entry and then bind the GEM index to the new T-CONT.
● If the GEM index is used by a service port, run the undo service-port command to delete
the service port before deleting the GEM index.

huawei(config)#ont-lineprofile gpon profile-id 5

huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#undo gem mapping 1 0
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#gem delete 1
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#gem add 1 eth tcont 2
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#gem mapping 1 0 eth 2
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-5)#quit

2.7.1.3 Configuring a GPON ONT Service Profile (Profile Mode)

The GPON ONT service profile provides a channel for configuring the service of
the ONT managed in the OMCI mode. The ONT (such as the MDU) managed in
the SNMP mode does not support the configuration of the GPON ONT service
profile. To configure the service of the ONT (such as the MDU) managed in the
SNMP mode, you need to log in to the ONT.

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Default Configuration
Table 2-8 lists the default settings of the GPON ONT service profile.

Table 2-8 Default settings of the GPON ONT service profile

Parameter Default Setting

Multicast mode of the ONT Unconcern (the OLT does not perform any
processing)

Mode for the ONT to process the Unconcern

VLAN tag of the multicast data
packets

Source of the priority copied for Unconcern

the upstream packets on the
ONT port

QinQ attribute for the Ethernet Unconcern

port of the ONT

Transparent transmission function Disabled

of the ONT

MAC address learning function of Enabled

the ONT

Configuration Process
Figure 2-36 shows the process of configuring a GPON ONT service profile.

Figure 2-36 Process of configuring a GPON ONT service profile

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Procedure
Step 1 Configure the Internet access service.
1. Run the ont-srvprofile gpon command to add a GPON ONT service profile,
and then enter the GPON ONT service profile mode. If the ONT management
mode is the SNMP mode, you do not need to configure the service profile.
After adding a GPON ONT service profile, directly enter the GPON ONT
service profile mode to configure the related items. Select the configuration
items according to the service requirements.
2. Run the ont-port eth command to configure the port capability set of the
ONT. The capability set plans the number of various ports supported by the
ONT. The port capability set of the ONT must be the same as the actual
capability set of the ONT.
If the port capability set of an ONT is set to adaptive, the system
automatically adapts to the actual capabilities of the online ONT. By default,
8 ETH ports and 1 IPHOST port are displayed.
3. Run the port vlan(gpon profile) command to configure the port VLAN of the
ONT.
VLAN Configuration Description

Table 2-9 Packet Processing Policy

Trans Transparently transmit the Add a native Transparently
pare tagged packet directly. VLAN tag to transmit the
nt the untagged untagged packet
trans packet. directly.
missi
on
base
d on
the
port

QinQ Add a native VLAN tag to Add a native Add a native

base the tagged packet. VLAN tag to VLAN tag to the
d on NOTE the untagged untagged packet.
the The native VLAN item must be packet.
port set to concern by running the
native vlan(gpon) command.
You can run the display ont-
srvprofile gpon command to
query the status of the native
VLAN item.

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Trans – When only parameter The VLAN – The native

latio SVLAN is configured, it translation pair VLAN cannot
n indicates that CVLAN is for untagged be enabled for
base the same as SVLAN. packets cannot the whole ONT
d on – If the VLAN of the packet be configured when the
the is user-vlanid, the VLAN when the native VLAN
VLA of the packet will be VLAN is translation pair
N translated. enabled. A for untagged
native VLAN packets is
– Otherwise, the packet will tag is added to configured.
be discarded. the untagged – Otherwise, the
packet and the packet will be
VLAN discarded.
translation pair
will not be
checked. That
is, regardless of
whether the
native VLAN is
in the VLAN
translation pair
or not, packets
are allowed to
pass through
the VLAN.

– The transparent transmission mode of a port conflicts with the

transparent transmission mode of the VLAN of the port. That is, after
setting the transparent transmission mode of a port, you need not set the
transparent transmission mode of the VLAN of the port.
– In single-bridge mode, the transparent transmission mode of the VLAN of
multiple ports must be set to be the same as the transparent
transmission mode of these ports. In multiple-bridge mode, the
transparent transmission modes of the VLAN and the ports can be
different.
– When you configure the transparent transmission mode of the untagged
packets by using QinQ, this command cannot be directly used to
configure the transparent transmission mode of the untagged packets.
– The Ethernet port and VDSL port of an ONT can be configured to add a
VLAN QinQ tag to untagged packets on the user side based on the
packet encapsulation type. In this case, the Native VLAN item in the ont
native-vlan(distributing-mode) command must be set to unconcern.
– Configure whether the ONT concerns the Native VLAN in the ONT service
profile. By default, the ONT concerns the Native VLAN item.

▪ You can run the ont port native-vlan(gpon) command to configure

the native VLAN of an ONT port only when the native VLAN is set to
concern. If the native VLAN of an ONT port is set to a non-default
value, the native VLAN cannot be set to unconcern. To query the

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VLAN configuration of an ONT port, run the display ont port

vlan(distributing-mode) command.

▪ You can run the port q-in-q command to configure the QinQ
attribute of the Ethernet port on an ONT only when the Native VLAN
is set to concern. You cannot change the Native VLAN item to
unconcern when the QinQ attribute of the Ethernet port on the ONT
is enabled. You can run the display ont-srvprofile gpon command
to query the QinQ attribute of an ONT port.

▪ You can run the ont port vlan(distributing-mode) command to

configure the policy of processing untagged packets on an ONT port
only when the Native VLAN is set to unconcern. When the policy of
processing untagged packets on an ONT port is configured, the
Native VLAN item cannot be set to concern. You can run the display
ont port vlan(distributing-mode) command to query the policy for
processing untagged packets on an ONT port.

Step 2 Configure the voice service.

NOTE

The voice service of the ONT is configured by issuing an XML file to the NMS and the OLT
performs only transparent transmission. You only need to run the service-port command to
create a service port carrying the voice service.
1. Run the ont-port pots command to configure the port capability set of the
ONT. The port capability set in the ONT service profile must be the same as
the actual ONT capability set.

If the port capability set of an ONT is set to adaptive, the system

automatically adapts to the actual capabilities of the online ONT. By default,
8 ETH ports and 1 IPHOST port are displayed.
2. Run the port vlan(gpon profile) command to configure the port VLAN of the
ONT.

VLAN Configuration Description

Step 3 Configure the multicast service.

1. Run the ont-port eth command to configure the port capability set of the
ONT. The port capability set in the ONT service profile must be the same as
the actual ONT capability set.

If the port capability set of an ONT is set to adaptive, the system

automatically adapts to the actual capabilities of the online ONT. By default,
8 ETH ports and 1 IPHOST port are displayed.
2. Run the port vlan(gpon profile) command to configure the port VLAN of the
ONT.

VLAN Configuration Description

3. Run the multicast mode command to configure the multicast mode of the
ONT. By default, the multicast mode of the ONT is unconcern.
– Unconcern: indicates the unconcern mode. After this mode is selected,
the OLT does not limit the multicast mode, and the multicast mode on
the OLT automatically matches the multicast mode on the ONT.

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– Igmp-snooping: IGMP snooping obtains the related information and

maintains the multicast forwarding entries by listening to the IGMP
packets in the communication between the user and the multicast router.
– Olt-control: indicates the dynamic controllable multicast mode. A
multicast forwarding entry can be created for the multicast join packet of
the user only after the packet passes the authentication. This mode is
supported by the MDU, but is not supported by the ONT.
4. Run the multicast-forward command to configure the processing mode on
the VLAN tag of the multicast data packets for the ONT. By default, the
multicast forwarding mode of the ONT is unconcern.
– Unconcern: indicates the unconcern forwarding mode. After this mode is
selected, the OLT does not process the VLAN tag of the multicast data
packets.
– tag: Sets the multicast forwarding mode to with VLAN tag. To
transparently transmit the VLAN tag of the multicast packets, select
transparent. To translate the VLAN tag of multicast packets, select
translation and configure the translated VLAN tag.
– Untag: Set the multicast forwarding mode not to contain the VLAN tag.

Step 4 Configure the transparent LAN service (TLS).

1. Run the ont-port eth command to configure the port capability set of the
ONT. The port capability set in the ONT service profile must be the same as
the actual ONT capability set.

If the port capability set of an ONT is set to adaptive, the system

automatically adapts to the actual capabilities of the online ONT. By default,
8 ETH ports and 1 IPHOST port are displayed.
2. Run the port vlan(gpon profile) command to configure the port VLAN of the
ONT.

VLAN Configuration Description

3. Run the port q-in-q eth ont-portid enable command to enable the QinQ
function of the Ethernet port on the ONT. By default, the QinQ function of
the Ethernet port on the ONT is unconcerned.
4. Run the port priority-policy command to configure the source of the priority
copied for the upstream packets on the ONT port. By default, the source of
the priority copied for the upstream packets on the ONT Ethernet port is
unconcerned.
– unconcern: The upstream priority copy source of the ONT Ethernet port is
not concerned.
– assigned: Specifies the priority. Run the ont port native-vlan command
to specify the priority of the port.
– copy-cos: Copy the priority. Copy the priority from C-TAG.
5. Run the transparent enable command to enable the transparent
transmission function of the ONT. By default, the transparent transmission
function of the ONT is disabled. After the transparent transmission function of
the ONT is enabled, all packets (including service packets and protocol
packets) are transparently transmitted by the ONT.

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NOTE

The service port for the TLS service must also be of the TLS type. Run the service-port
command to create a service port of the TLS type. Select other-all for the multi-service type.

Step 5 Configure the 1:1 (that is, packets reported by the ONT must contain two VLAN
tags) service.
1. Run the ont-port eth command to configure the port capability set of the
ONT. The port capability set in the ONT service profile must be the same as
the actual ONT capability set.

If the port capability set of an ONT is set to adaptive, the system

automatically adapts to the actual capabilities of the online ONT. By default,
8 ETH ports and 1 IPHOST port are displayed.
2. Run the port vlan(gpon profile) command to configure the port VLAN of the
ONT.

VLAN Configuration Description

3. Run the port q-in-q eth ont-portid enable command to enable the QinQ
function of the Ethernet port on the ONT. By default, the QinQ function of
the Ethernet port on the ONT is unconcerned.
4. Run the port priority-policy command to configure the source of the priority
copied for the upstream packets on the ONT port. By default, the source of
the priority copied for the upstream packets on the ONT Ethernet port is
unconcerned.
– Unconcern: The source of the priority copied for the upstream packets on
the Ethernet port of the ONT is not concerned.
– assigned: Specifies the priority. Run the ont port native-vlan command
to specify the priority of the port.
– Copy-cos: Copy the priority. Copy the priority from C-TAG.
5. Run the transparent disable command to disable the transparent
transmission function of the ONT.

Step 6 Run the mac-learning command to configure the MAC address learning function
of the ONT. This function is enabled by default.

Step 7 Run the commit command to make the parameters of the profile take effect. The
configuration of a service profile takes effect only after you perform this
operation.
NOTE

If this profile is not bound, all the parameters that are configured take effect when the profile is
bound. If this profile is already bound, the configuration takes effect on all ONTs bound to this
profile immediately.

Step 8 Run the quit command to return to the global config mode.

----End

Example
Add GPON ONT service profile 5 for the Internet access service. The ONT supports
4 ETH ports. The VLAN ID of the ETH port is 10. Do as follows:

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huawei(config)#ont-srvprofile gpon profile-id 5

huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-5)#ont-port eth adaptive
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-5)#port vlan eth 1-4 10
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-5)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-5)#quit

Add GPON ONT service profile 6 for the multicast service. The ONT supports 4
ETH ports. The VLAN ID of the ETH port is 100. The multicast mode of the ONT is
the controllable multicast mode. The STB supports only VLAN tag 841, and
multicast VLAN tag needs to be translated. Do as follows:
huawei(config)#ont-srvprofile gpon profile-id 6
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#ont-port eth adaptive
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#port vlan eth 1-4 100
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#multicast mode olt-control
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#multicast-forward tag translation 841
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-6)#quit

2.7.1.4 Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile

This topic describes how to add an alarm profile, and configure most of the
performance parameters for various ONT lines as a profile. After the alarm profile
is configured and bound successfully, the ONT can directly use the profile when it
is activated.

Context
An ONT alarm profile defines a series of alarm thresholds that are used to
monitor the performance of an activated ONT line. When the statistics result of a
parameter reaches the alarm threshold, the NE is notified and an alarm is sent to
the log server and the NMS.
The system has a default alarm threshold profile with ID 1. This profile cannot be
deleted but can be modified.

Procedure
Step 1 Run the gpon alarm-profile add command to add a GPON ONT alarm profile.
If default alarm thresholds are used in a new alarm profile, the system does not
report any alarm.
Step 2 Run the display gpon alarm-profile command to query the alarm profile.

----End

Example
To add GPON ONT alarm profile 5, set the alarm threshold for the packet loss of
the GEM port to 10, set the alarm threshold for the number of mis-transmitted
packets to 30, and use the default value 0 for all other thresholds, do as follows:
huawei(config)#gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 5
{ <cr>|profile-name<K> }:

Command:
gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 5
Press 'Q' or 'q' to quit input
> GEM port loss of packets threshold (0~100)[0]:10

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> GEM port misinserted packets threshold (0~100)[0]:30

> GEM port impaired blocks threshold (0~100)0[0]:
> Ethernet FCS errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet excessive collision count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet late collision count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Too long Ethernet frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet buffer (Rx) overflows threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet buffer (Tx) overflows threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet single collision frame count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet multiple collisions frame count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet SQE count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet deferred transmission count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet internal MAC Tx errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet carrier sense errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet alignment errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet internal MAC Rx errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> PPPOE filtered frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port discarded frames due to delay threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port MTU exceeded discard frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port received incorrect frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> CES general error time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES severely time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES bursty time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES controlled slip threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES unavailable time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Drop events threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Undersize packets threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Fragments threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Jabbers threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Failed signal of ONT threshold(Format:1e-x, x: 3~8)[3]:
> Degraded signal of ONT threshold(Format:1e-x, x: 4~9)[4]:
> FEC uncorrectable code words threshold(0~1101600000)[0]:
> FEC correctable code words threshold(0~1101600000)[0]:
> Upstream PQ discarded byte alarm threshold(0~65535)[0]:
> Downstream PQ discarded byte alarm threshold(0~65535)[0]:
> Encryption key errors threshold(0~100)[0]:
> XGEM key errors threshold(0~100)[0]:
> XGEM HEC error count threshold(0~100)[0]:

Adding an alarm profile succeeded

Profile ID : 5
Profile name: alarm-profile_5

2.7.2 Configuring a GPON ONT (Profile Mode)

The OLT provides end users with services through the ONT. The OLT can manage
the ONT and the ONT can work in the normal state only after the channel
between the OLT and the ONT is available.

Prerequisites
The GPON ONT profile is already created.
● For an ONT, 2.7.1.2 Configuring a GPON ONT Line Profile (Profile Mode),
2.7.1.3 Configuring a GPON ONT Service Profile (Profile Mode), and
2.7.1.4 Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile are already completed.
● For an MDU or ONU, 2.7.1.2 Configuring a GPON ONT Line Profile (Profile
Mode) and 2.7.1.4 Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile are already
completed.

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Context
The OLT uses the ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) protocol to
manage and configure the GPON ONT, and supports the offline configuration of
the ONT.
In the profile mode, the related configuration of the GPON ONT is already
integrated in the service profile and the line profile. When adding an ONT, you
only need to bind the ONT with the corresponding service profile and line profile.
Table 2-10 lists the default settings of the GPON ONT.

Table 2-10 Default settings of the GPON ONT

Parameter Default Setting

ONT auto-find function of a Disabled

GPON port

ONT status after an ONT is Activated

added

Default VLAN of the ONT port 1

Configuration Process
Figure 2-37 shows the process of configuring a GPON ONT.

Figure 2-37 Process of configuring a GPON ONT

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Procedure
Step 1 Add a GPON ONT.
1. Run the interface gpon command to enter the GPON mode.
2. Run the port portid ont-auto-find command to enable the auto discovery
function of the ONT. After the function is enabled, you can add an ONT
according to the information reported by the system. By default, the ONT
auto discovery function of a GPON port is disabled.
NOTE

An auto discovery ONT is in the auto discovery state. The auto discovery ONT can work in
the normal state only after it is confirmed or added.
3. Run the ont add command to add an ONT offline, or run the ont confirm
command to confirm the auto discovery ONT.

When ONTs are added or confirmed, the system provides four authentication
modes: SN, password, SN+password, LOID+CHECKCODE.
– SN authentication: The OLT detects the serial number (SN) reported by
an ONT. If the SN is consistent with the OLT configuration, authentication
is passed and the ONT goes online. This mode requires recording all ONT
SNs. Hence, it is used to confirm auto discovery ONTs and is not
applicable to adding ONTs in batches.
– Password authentication: The OLT detects the password reported by an
ONT. If the password is consistent with the OLT configuration, the ONT
goes online normally. This mode requires planning ONT passwords and
does not require manually recording ONT SNs. Hence, it is applicable to
adding ONTs in batches. The password authentication provides two
discovery modes: always-on and once-on.

▪ always-on: After first password authentication is passed, no SN is

allocated and password authentication is always used in subsequent
authentications. This discovery mode is easy for future maintenance.
In the always-on discovery mode, configurations do not need to be
modified when an ONT is replaced and only the password is
required. The always-on discovery mode has lower security. If other
users know the password, the users will illegally have service
permissions.

▪ once-on: Password authentication is used for the first authentication.

After the authentication is successful, the SN is automatically
matched. The SN+password authentication mode is used for
subsequent authentications. The ONT can go online only when both
the password and SN are correct. The once-on authentication mode
has high security. After an ONT is replaced or the password is
mistakenly changed, the ONT needs to run the ont re-discovery
command to be re-discovered, which requires more maintenance
effort.
– SN+password authentication: The OLT detects the password and SN
reported by an ONT. If the password and SN are consistent with the OLT
configuration, the ONT goes online normally. This authentication mode
has the highest security but it requires manually recording ONT SNs.

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– LOID+CHECKCODE authentication: defined by a telecom operator. In this

authentication mode, LOID has 24 bytes, and CHECKCODE has 12 bytes
and is optional. Whether 24 bytes or 36 bytes are used for authentication
depends on data planning, which is unified over the entire network. The
OLT determines whether LOID+CHECKCODE reported by the ONT is the
same as the configured one. If they are the same, the ONT authentication
is passed. If they are different, the OLT obtains the ONT password and
compares it with the last 10 bytes of the LOID. If they are the same, the
ONT authentication is also passed. This operation is for compatibility with
the ONTs using password authentication.

Adding ONTs in offline mode is applicable to the batch deployment scenario.

All ONTs are added to the OLT to complete service provisioning beforehand.
When a use subscribes to the service, an installation engineer takes an ONT
to the user's house and completes configurations. After the ONT goes online
and passes authentication, the service is provisioned. Generally, the password
authentication mode or LOID authentication mode is used to confirm an ONT.

Adding ONTs in auto discovery mode is applicable to the scenario where a

small number of ONTs are added. When users subscribe to the service,
installation engineers take ONTs to the users' houses. After the ONTs go
online, the OLT confirms the ONTs one by one. Generally, the MAC address
authentication mode is used to confirm the ONTs.

NOTE

– If the ONU is an independent NE and is directly managed by the NMS through the
SNMP management mode, select the SNMP management mode. For this mode, you
only need to configure the parameters for the GPON line and the parameters for the
management channel on the OLT. You only need to bind the ONU with a line profile.
– If the ONU is not an independent NE and all its configuration data is issued by the OLT
through OMCI, select the OMCI management mode. For this mode, you need to
configure all parameters (including line parameters, UNI port parameters, and service
parameters) that are required for the ONU on the OLT. Configuring management
channel parameters is not supported. You need to bind the ONT with a line profile and
a service profile.
– Generally, the ONT management mode is set to the OMCI mode. You need to bind the
ONT with a line profile and a service profile.

Step 2 (Optional) Configure the SNMP management parameters for the ONT. When the
ONT management mode is the SNMP mode, you need to configure the SNMP
management parameters for the ONT. The procedure is as follows:
1. Run the ont ipconfig command to configure the management IP address of
the ONT. The IP address should not be in the same subnet for the IP address
of the VLAN port.
2. Run the ont snmp-profile command to bind an SNMP profile to the ONT.
Before running this command, ensure that an SNMP profile has been added
by running the snmp-profile add command.
3. Run the ont snmp-route command to configure the static route of the NMS
server. That is, configure the IP address of the next hop.

Step 3 Configure the default VLAN (native VLAN) for the ONT port.

Run the ont port native-vlan command to configure the default VLAN for the
ONT port. By default, the default VLAN ID of the ONT port is 1.

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● If the packets reported from a user (such a PC) to the ONT are untagged, the
packets are tagged with the default VLAN of the port on the ONT and then
reported to the OLT.
● If the packets reported from a user to the ONT are tagged, you need to
configure the port VLAN of the ONT to be the same as the VLAN in the user
tag. The packets are not tagged with the default VLAN of the port on the
ONT but are reported to the OLT with the user tag.
Step 4 Bind an alarm profile.
Run the ont alarm-profile command to bind an alarm profile. Ensure that 2.7.1.4
Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile is completed before the configuration.
Step 5 Query the ONT status.
Run the display ont info command to query the ONT running status,
configuration status, and matching status.

----End

Example
To add five ONTs in offline mode with password authentication mode (ONT
passwords are 0100000001-0100000005), set the discovery mode of password
authentication to always-on, and bind line profile 10 and service profile 10, do as
follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000001 always-on omci ont-lineprofile-id 10
ont-srvprofile-id 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 1 password-auth 0100000002 always-on omci ont-lineprofile-id 10
ont-srvprofile-id 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 2 password-auth 0100000003 always-on omci ont-lineprofile-id 10
ont-srvprofile-id 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 3 password-auth 0100000004 always-on omci ont-lineprofile-id 10
ont-srvprofile-id 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 4 password-auth 0100000005 always-on omci ont-lineprofile-id 10
ont-srvprofile-id 10

To add an ONT that is managed by the OLT through the OMCI protocol, confirm
this ONT according to the SN 3230313185885B41 automatically reported by the
system, and bind the ONT with line profile 3 and service profile 3 that match the
ONT, do as follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 ont-auto-find enable
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont confirm 0 sn-auth 3230313185885B41 omci ont-lineprofile-id 3 ont-
srvprofile-id 3

To add an ONU that is managed as an independent NE and whose SN is known as

3230313185885641, bind the ONU with line profile 4 that matches the ONU,
configure the NMS parameters for the ONU, and set the management VLAN to
100, do as follows:
huawei(config)#snmp-profile add profile-id 1 v3 public private 10.10.10.53 161 bodyname
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 2 sn-auth 3230313185885641 snmp ont-lineprofile-id 4
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont ipconfig 0 2 static ip-address 10.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.0 gateway
10.10.20.1 vlan 100
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont snmp-profile 0 2 profile-id 1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont snmp-route 0 2 ip-address 10.20.20.19 mask 255.255.255.0 next-hop
10.20.20.100

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2.7.3 Configuring a GPON Port

To work normally and carry the service, a GPON port must be enabled first. This
topic describes how to enable a GPON port and configure related attributes of the
port.

Default Configuration
Table 2-11 lists the default settings of the GPON port.

Table 2-11 Default settings of the GPON port

Parameter Default Setting

GPON port Enabled

Downstream FEC function of the Disabled

GPON port

Compensation distance range of Minimum logical distance: 0 km; maximum

the GPON port ranging logical distance: 20 km

Configuration Process
Figure 2-38 shows the process of configuring a GPON Port.

Figure 2-38 Process of configuring a GPON Port

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Procedure
Step 1 (Optional) Configure the optical port switch.
1. Run the interface gpon command to enter GPON mode.
2. Run the undo shutdown command to enable the laser of the GPON port. By
default, the laser of the GPON port is enabled and the GPON port is available.
In this case, skip this step.

NOTICE

– If an optical port is not required, run the shutdown command to disable

the optical port.
– Disabling a PON port that carries services will cause the interruption of
such services.

Step 2 Enables or disables the downstream FEC function of a port.

Run the port portid fec command to configure the FEC function of the GPON
port. By default, the function is disabled.

NOTE

● FEC is to insert redundant data into normal packets so that the line has certain error
tolerance. Some bandwidth, however, must be consumed. Enabling FEC enhances the error
correction capability of the line but at the same time occupies certain bandwidth. Determine
whether to enable FEC according to the actual line planning.
● If a large number of ONTs are online, enabling the FEC function of the optical port may
cause some ONTs to go offline. Therefore, it is recommended that you do not configure the
FEC function of the optical port when there are online ONTs.

Step 3 Configure the renewal time of the ONT key.

Run the port portid ont-password-renew command to configure the interval for
renewing the ONT key. To ensure the system security, the key renewal must be
configured.

Step 4 Configure the compensation distance in the ranging.

Run the port portid range command to configure the compensation distance
range of the GPON port ranging.

Step 5 (Optional) Configure the DBA calculation period on a GPON port basis.

When different GPON ports provide different access services, the bandwidth delays
on these ports are different. In this case, the DBA calculation period needs to be
configured on a GPON port basis.

1. In GPON board mode, run the port dba bandwidth-assignment-mode

command to configure the DBA mode on a GPON port.
2. In diagnose mode, run the gpon port dba calculate-period command to
configure the DBA calculation period on the GPON port.

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NOTE

● The DBA calculation period on a GPON port can be configured only when the DBA mode is
set to manual on this GPON port.
● By default, the DBA mode on a GPON port is default, which means the global DBA mode is
used as the bandwidth assignment mode for the GPON port. In this case, if the global DBA
mode is modified by running the gpon dba bandwidth-assignment-mode command, the
bandwidth assignment mode on the GPON port is also modified. If the DBA mode on a
GPON port is not default, the bandwidth assignment mode on the GPON port is not
affected by the global DBA mode.
● If ONTs are configured on a GPON port, modifying the DBA mode is not allowed on this
GPON port.
● For the TDM service, the DBA mode must be set to min-loop-delay.

----End

Example
To enable the FEC function of GPON port 0/1/0, set the key renewal interval for
the ONT connected to this port to 10 h, the minimum ranging compensation
distance to 10 km, and the maximum ranging compensation distance to 15 km, do
as follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 fec enable
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 ont-password-renew 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 range min-distance 10 max-distance 15
This command will result in the ONT's re-register in the port.
Are you sure to execute this command? (y/n)[n]: y

To set the global DBA mode to min-loop-delay, DBA mode on GPON port 0/1/0
to manual, and DBA calculation period to 4, do as follows:
huawei(config)#gpon dba bandwidth-assignment-mode min-loop-delay
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port dba bandwidth-assignment-mode 0 manual
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#quit
huawei(config)#diagnose
huawei(diagnose)%%gpon port dba calculate-period 0/1/0 4

2.8 GPON Configuration Guide (Distributed mode)

GPON configurations include the configurations on GPON profiles, ONTs, and
ports. The following section describes configuration methods.

Context
The xPON mode includes two types: distributed (discrete) mode and profile mode.
The differences between the two modes are as follows:
● In the distributing mode, ONTs cannot be added in batches. Instead, ONTs
need to be configured one by one.
● In profile mode, you can pre-configure ONT line profiles and ONT service
profiles and bind ONTs of the same configurations to the same profile to add
them in batches, which significantly improves service provisioning efficiency.

The xPON mode is determined during site provisioning and will not be changed.

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You can run the display xpon mode command to query the xPON mode of the
current system.

2.8.1 Configuring a GPON ONT Profile (Distributed Mode)

In distributed mode, GPON ONT profiles include the GPON ONT capability profile
and the GPON ONT alarm profile. This topic describes how to configure these
profiles.

Context
GPON ONT profiles contain the parameters required for configuring the GPON
access service, of which,
● DBA profiles specify GPON traffic parameters. The DBA profile bound to an
OLT enables the OLT to dynamically allocate bandwidths, improving upstream
bandwidth utilization.
● In distributed mode, the GPON ONT capability profile contains the physical
port type and quantity of the ONU, mapping mode from service port to GEM
port, and traffic control type.
● The GPON ONT alarm profile provides a series of alarm threshold parameters
that are used for performance measurement and monitoring of activated
ONU lines. After a GPON alarm profile is bound to an ONU, the ONU sends
alarms to the log host and the NMS if the performance statistics of the line
exceed the threshold that is specified in the profile.

NOTE
In this document, ONUs include MDUs and ONTs.

2.8.1.1 Configuring a DBA Profile

A DBA profile defines the traffic parameters of xPON and can be bound to a T-
CONT to dynamically allocate the bandwidth and improve the usage of the
upstream bandwidth.

Default Configuration
Table 2-12 lists the default settings of the DBA profiles.

Table 2-12 Default settings of the DBA profiles

Parameter Default Setting Remarks

Default DBA profile 0-9 You can run the display

ID in the system dba-profile all command
to query the parameter
values of each default DBA
profile.

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Procedure
Step 1 Add a DBA profile.

Run the dba-profile add command to add a DBA profile. By default, the system
provides DBA profiles 0–9 with typical traffic parameter values. The default
profiles cannot be added or deleted.

NOTE

● By default, a T-CONT is not bound to any DBA profile. You must bind a T-CONT to a DBA
profile.
● When you add a DBA profile, the bandwidth value must be a multiple of 64. If you enter a
bandwidth value not of a multiple of 64, the system adopts the closest multiple of 64 that is
smaller than the value you enter.

Step 2 Query a DBA profile.

Run the display dba-profile command to query a DBA profile.

----End

Example
To add a DBA profile with the type of type3, set the profile name to DBA_100M
and the required bandwidth to 100 Mbit/s, do as follows:
huawei(config)#dba-profile add profile-name DBA_100M type3 assure 102400 max 102400
huawei(config)#display dba-profile profile-name DBA_100M

2.8.1.2 Configuring a GPON ONT Capacity Profile (Distributed Mode)

A GPON ONT capability profile identifies the actual capability of a GPON ONU.
After an ONT is added and bound to a GPON ONT capability profile, the ONU
carries the corresponding services according to parameters configured in the
capability profile.

Context
● All GPON ONUs must be bound to the GPON ONT capability profile. Specify
the ONT capability profile when running the ont add command to add an
ONU offline or running the ont confirm command to confirm an
automatically discovered ONU.
● Currently, the system provides seven default ONT capability profiles that are
solidified in the system. The default profiles cannot be modified. The default
profile IDs range from 1-7. The reserved ONT capability profile IDs are 8-16.
● The contents of the capability profile restrict the port number that is used in
commands for GEM port mapping, T-CONT/PQ mapping, and the ONT VLAN
management.
● The ONT capability profile must be configured according to the actual
capability of the ONU. Different the capability profile parameters vary
according to different ONUs.

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Procedure
Step 1 Run the ont-profile add command to configure an ONT capability profile.
● When you add an ONT capability profile, if the profile ID is not specified, the
system automatically allocates the least idle profile ID; if the profile name is
not specified, the system adopts the default name ont-profile_x, where, x is
the corresponding ONT capability profile ID.
● The system supports up to 128 ONT capability profiles.
● The system default profiles include the MDU profile and several common
ONT (such as OT925, HG850, and HG810) profiles, which can be directly used.
It is recommended to manually configure an ONT capability profile only when
the default ONT capability profile fails to meet actual requirements.
● When you add an MDU profile manually, the number of the ports must be set
to zero.
Step 2 Run the display ont-profile command to query the ONT capability profile.

----End

Example
To add an ONT capability profile for ONT HG850a with the profile index of 30, 2
POTS ports, 4 Ethernet ports, mapping mode of VLANID, and flow control type of
PQ, and query the capability profile after the configuration is complete, do as
follows:
huawei(config)#ont-profile add profile-id 30
{ <cr>|profile-name<K> }:

Command:
ont-profile add profile-id 30
Press 'Q' or 'q' to quit input
> Are you sure you want to set the number of POTS ports to auto-adaptive? (y/n)
[n]:
> Number of POTS ports<0-8> [0]:2
> Are you sure you want to set the number of ETH ports to auto-adaptive? (y/n)
[n]:
> Number of ETH ports<0-8> [0]:4
> Are you sure you want to set the number of VDSL ports to auto-adaptive? (y/n)
[n]: y
> TDM port type<1-E1,2-T1> [1]:
> TDM service type<1-TDMoGEM> [1]:
> Number of TDM ports<0-8> [0]:
> Number of MOCA ports<0-8> [0]:
> Are you sure you want to set the number of CATV UNI ports to auto-adaptive? (
y/n) [n]:
> Number of CATV UNI ports<0-8> [0]:
> Mapping mode<1-VLANID, 2-802_1pPRI, 3-VLANID_802_1pPRI, 4-PORTID,
5-PORTID_VLANID, 6-PORTID_802_1pPRI, 7-PORTID_VLANID_802_1pPRI,
9-IPTOS, 10-VLANID_IPTOS> [1]:
> The type of flow control<1-PQ, 2-GEMPORT-CAR, 3-FLOW-CAR> [1]:
Adding an ONT profile succeeded
Profile ID : 30
Profile name: ont-profile_30
huawei(config)#display ont-profile profile-id 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profile ID : 30
Profile name: ont-profile_30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of POTS ports: 2
Number of ETH ports: 4
Number of VDSL ports: 0

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TDM port type: E1

TDM service type: TDMoGem
Number of TDM ports: 0
Number of MOCA ports: 0
Number of CATV UNI ports: 0
Mapping mode: VLAN ID
The type of flow control: PQ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binding times: 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.8.1.3 Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile

This topic describes how to add an alarm profile, and configure most of the
performance parameters for various ONT lines as a profile. After the alarm profile
is configured and bound successfully, the ONT can directly use the profile when it
is activated.

Context
An ONT alarm profile defines a series of alarm thresholds that are used to
monitor the performance of an activated ONT line. When the statistics result of a
parameter reaches the alarm threshold, the NE is notified and an alarm is sent to
the log server and the NMS.
The system has a default alarm threshold profile with ID 1. This profile cannot be
deleted but can be modified.

Procedure
Step 1 Run the gpon alarm-profile add command to add a GPON ONT alarm profile.
If default alarm thresholds are used in a new alarm profile, the system does not
report any alarm.
Step 2 Run the display gpon alarm-profile command to query the alarm profile.

----End

Example
To add GPON ONT alarm profile 5, set the alarm threshold for the packet loss of
the GEM port to 10, set the alarm threshold for the number of mis-transmitted
packets to 30, and use the default value 0 for all other thresholds, do as follows:
huawei(config)#gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 5
{ <cr>|profile-name<K> }:

Command:
gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 5
Press 'Q' or 'q' to quit input
> GEM port loss of packets threshold (0~100)[0]:10
> GEM port misinserted packets threshold (0~100)[0]:30
> GEM port impaired blocks threshold (0~100)0[0]:
> Ethernet FCS errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet excessive collision count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet late collision count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Too long Ethernet frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet buffer (Rx) overflows threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet buffer (Tx) overflows threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet single collision frame count threshold (0~100)[0]:

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> Ethernet multiple collisions frame count threshold (0~100)[0]:

> Ethernet SQE count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet deferred transmission count threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet internal MAC Tx errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet carrier sense errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet alignment errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> Ethernet internal MAC Rx errors threshold (0~100)[0]:
> PPPOE filtered frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port discarded frames due to delay threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port MTU exceeded discard frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> MAC bridge port received incorrect frames threshold (0~100)[0]:
> CES general error time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES severely time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES bursty time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES controlled slip threshold(0~100)[0]:
> CES unavailable time threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Drop events threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Undersize packets threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Fragments threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Jabbers threshold(0~100)[0]:
> Failed signal of ONT threshold(Format:1e-x, x: 3~8)[3]:
> Degraded signal of ONT threshold(Format:1e-x, x: 4~9)[4]:
> FEC uncorrectable code words threshold(0~1101600000)[0]:
> FEC correctable code words threshold(0~1101600000)[0]:
> Upstream PQ discarded byte alarm threshold(0~65535)[0]:
> Downstream PQ discarded byte alarm threshold(0~65535)[0]:
> Encryption key errors threshold(0~100)[0]:
> XGEM key errors threshold(0~100)[0]:
> XGEM HEC error count threshold(0~100)[0]:

Adding an alarm profile succeeded

Profile ID : 5
Profile name: alarm-profile_5

2.8.2 Configuring a GPON ONT (Distributed Mode)

The OLT provides end users with services through the ONT. The OLT can manage
the ONT and the ONT can work in the normal state only after the channel
between the OLT and the ONT is available.

Prerequisites
The GPON ONT profile is already created. Configuring a GPON ONT Capability
Profile and Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile are already completed.

Context
The OLT uses the ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) protocol to
manage and configure the GPON ONT, and supports the offline configuration of
the ONT. The ONT does not need to save the configuration information locally.
This helps to provision services.

Table 2-13 lists the default settings of the GPON ONT.

Table 2-13 Default settings of the GPON ONT

Parameter Default Setting

ONT auto-find function of a Disabled

GPON port

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Parameter Default Setting

ONT status after an ONT is Activated

added

Default VLAN of the ONT port 1

Configuration Process
Figure 2-39 shows the process of configuring a GPON ONT.

Figure 2-39 Process of configuring a GPON ONT

Procedure
Step 1 Add a GPON ONT.
1. Run the interface gpon command to enter the GPON mode.
2. Run the port portid ont-auto-find command to enable the auto-find
function of the ONT. After the function is enabled, you can add an ONT
according to the information reported by the system. By default, the ONT
auto-find function of a GPON port is disabled.
NOTE

An auto-find ONT is in the auto-find state. The auto-find ONT can work in the normal
state only after it is confirmed or added.
3. Run the ont add command to add an ONT offline, or run the ont confirm
command to confirm the auto-find ONT.
When ONTs are added or confirmed, the system provides four authentication
modes: SN, password, SN+password, LOID+CHECKCODE.
– SN authentication: The OLT detects the serial number (SN) reported by
an ONT. If the SN is consistent with the OLT configuration, authentication

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is passed and the ONT goes online. This mode requires recording all ONT
SNs. Hence, it is used to confirm auto discovery ONTs and is not
applicable to adding ONTs in batches.
– Password authentication: The OLT detects the password reported by an
ONT. If the password is consistent with the OLT configuration, the ONT
goes online normally. This mode requires planning ONT passwords and
does not require manually recording ONT SNs. Hence, it is applicable to
adding ONTs in batches. The password authentication provides two
discovery modes: always-on and once-on.

▪ always-on: After first password authentication is passed, no SN is

allocated and password authentication is always used in subsequent
authentications. This discovery mode is easy for future maintenance.
In the always-on discovery mode, configurations do not need to be
modified when an ONT is replaced and only the password is
required. The always-on discovery mode has lower security. If other
users know the password, the users will illegally have service
permissions.

▪ once-on: Password authentication is used for the first authentication.

After the authentication is successful, the SN is automatically
matched. The SN+password authentication mode is used for
subsequent authentications. The ONT can go online only when both
the password and SN are correct. The once-on authentication mode
has high security. After an ONT is replaced or the password is
mistakenly changed, the ONT needs to run the ont re-discovery
command to be re-discovered, which requires more maintenance
effort.
– SN+password authentication: The OLT detects the password and SN
reported by an ONT. If the password and SN are consistent with the OLT
configuration, the ONT goes online normally. This authentication mode
has the highest security but it requires manually recording ONT SNs.
– LOID+CHECKCODE authentication: defined by a telecom operator. In this
authentication mode, LOID has 24 bytes, and CHECKCODE has 12 bytes
and is optional. Whether 24 bytes or 36 bytes are used for authentication
depends on data planning, which is unified over the entire network. The
OLT determines whether LOID+CHECKCODE reported by the ONT is the
same as the configured one. If they are the same, the ONT authentication
is passed. If they are different, the OLT obtains the ONT password and
compares it with the last 10 bytes of the LOID. If they are the same, the
ONT authentication is also passed. This operation is for compatibility with
the ONTs using password authentication.

Adding ONTs in offline mode is applicable to the batch deployment scenario.

All ONTs are added to the OLT to complete service provisioning beforehand.
When a use subscribes to the service, an installation engineer takes an ONT
to the user's house and completes configurations. After the ONT goes online
and passes authentication, the service is provisioned. Generally, the password
authentication mode or LOID authentication mode is used to confirm an ONT.

Adding ONTs in auto discovery mode is applicable to the scenario where a

small number of ONTs are added. When users subscribe to the service,
installation engineers take ONTs to the users' houses. After the ONTs go

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online, the OLT confirms the ONTs one by one. Generally, the MAC address
authentication mode is used to confirm the ONTs.

NOTE

– If the ONU is an independent NE and is directly managed by the NMS through the
SNMP management mode, select the SNMP management mode. For this mode, you
only need to configure the parameters for the GPON line and the parameters for the
management channel on the OLT.
– If the ONU is not an independent NE and all its configuration data is issued by the OLT
through OMCI, select the OMCI management mode. For this mode, you need to
configure all parameters (including line parameters, UNI port parameters, and service
parameters) that are required for the ONU on the OLT.
– Generally, the ONT management mode is set to the OMCI mode.

Step 2 (Optional) Configure the SNMP management parameters. When the ONT
management mode is the SNMP mode, you need to configure the SNMP
management parameters for the ONT. The procedure is as follows:
1. Run the ont ipconfig command to configure the management IP address of
the ONT. The IP address should not be in the same subnet for the IP address
of the VLAN port.
2. If an ONU is not managed as an independent NE, all configurations of the
ONU are managed by the OLT through the OMCI protocol, and the OMCI
management mode is selected. In this mode, you need to configure all the
parameters (including line parameters, UNI port parameters, and service
parameters) required by the ONU on the OLT.
3. Run the ont snmp-route command to configure a static route for the NMS
server, that is, configure the IP address of the next hop.

Step 3 (Optional) Configure the VLAN of the ONT port.

Run the ont port vlan command to configure the VLAN of the ONT port.

Step 4 (Optional) Configure the default VLAN (native VLAN) for the ONT port.

Run the ont port native-vlan command to configure the default VLAN for the
ONT port.

● If the packets reported from a user (such a PC) to the ONT are untagged, the
packets are tagged with the default VLAN of the port on the ONT and then
reported to the OLT.
● If the packets reported from a user to the ONT are tagged, you need to
configure the port VLAN of the ONT to be the same as the VLAN in the user
tag. The packets are not tagged with the default VLAN of the port on the
ONT but are reported to the OLT with the user tag.

Step 5 Bind an alarm profile.

Run the ont alarm-profile command to bind an alarm profile. Ensure that 2.7.1.4
Configuring a GPON ONT Alarm Profile is completed before the configuration.

Step 6 Bind a DBA profile.

Run the tcont bind-profile command to bind a DBA profile to a T-CONT.

A DBA profile can be bound to a T-CONT after an ONT is added.

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Step 7 Configure a GEM port.

1. Run the gemport add command to add a GEM port. When adding a GEM
port, select the correct attribute according to the service type.
2. Run the ont gemport bind command to bind the GEM port to an ONT T-
CONT, that is, allocating the T-CONT resources to the GEM port.
NOTE

If traffic streams are configured on a GEM port and an ONT is the working ONT in a
single-homing protection group, the GEM port cannot be bound to or unbound from the
ONT.
3. Run the ont gemport mapping command to create the mapping between
the GEM port and the ONT-side service.
Step 8 Query the ONT status.
Run the display ont info command to query the ONT running status,
configuration status, and matching status.

----End

Example
To add five ONTs in offline mode with password authentication mode (ONT
passwords are 0100000001-0100000005), set the discovery mode of password
authentication to always-on, and bind ONT capability profile 30, do as follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000001 always-on profile-id 30 manage-
mode omci
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000002 always-on profile-id 30 manage-
mode omci
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000003 always-on profile-id 30 manage-
mode omci
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000004 always-on profile-id 30 manage-
mode omci
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 password-auth 0100000005 always-on profile-id 30 manage-
mode omci

To add an ONT that is managed by the OLT through the OMCI protocol, confirm
this ONT according to the SN 3230313185885B41 automatically reported by the
system, and bind the ONT with capability profile 3 that match the ONT, do as
follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 ont-auto-find enable
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont confirm 0 sn-auth 3230313185885B41 profile-id 3
manage-mode omci

To add an ONU that is managed as an independent NE and whose SN is known as

3230313185885641, bind the ONU with capability profile 4 that matches the
ONU, configure the NMS parameters for the ONU, and set the management VLAN
to 100, do as follows:
huawei(config)#snmp-profile add profile-id 1 v3 public private 10.10.5.53 161 bodyname
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont add 0 2 sn-auth 3230313185885641 profile-id 4 manage-mode snmp
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont ipconfig 0 2 static ip-address 10.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.0 gateway
10.10.20.1 vlan 100
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont snmp-profile 0 2 profile-id 1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#ont snmp-route 0 2 ip-address 10.10.20.190 mask
255.255.255.0 next-hop 10.10.20.100

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2.8.3 Configuring a GPON Port

To work normally and carry the service, a GPON port must be enabled first. This
topic describes how to enable a GPON port and configure related attributes of the
port.

Default Configuration
Table 2-14 lists the default settings of the GPON port.

Table 2-14 Default settings of the GPON port

Parameter Default Setting

GPON port Enabled

Downstream FEC function of the Disabled

GPON port

Compensation distance range of Minimum logical distance: 0 km; maximum

the GPON port ranging logical distance: 20 km

Configuration Process
Figure 2-40 shows the process of configuring a GPON Port.

Figure 2-40 Process of configuring a GPON Port

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Procedure
Step 1 (Optional) Configure the optical port switch.
1. Run the interface gpon command to enter GPON mode.
2. Run the undo shutdown command to enable the laser of the GPON port. By
default, the laser of the GPON port is enabled and the GPON port is available.
In this case, skip this step.

NOTICE

– If an optical port is not required, run the shutdown command to disable

the optical port.
– Disabling a PON port that carries services will cause the interruption of
such services.

Step 2 Enables or disables the downstream FEC function of a port.

Run the port portid fec command to configure the FEC function of the GPON
port. By default, the function is disabled.

NOTE

● FEC is to insert redundant data into normal packets so that the line has certain error
tolerance. Some bandwidth, however, must be consumed. Enabling FEC enhances the error
correction capability of the line but at the same time occupies certain bandwidth. Determine
whether to enable FEC according to the actual line planning.
● If a large number of ONTs are online, enabling the FEC function of the optical port may
cause some ONTs to go offline. Therefore, it is recommended that you do not configure the
FEC function of the optical port when there are online ONTs.

Step 3 Configure the renewal time of the ONT key.

Run the port portid ont-password-renew command to configure the interval for
renewing the ONT key. To ensure the system security, the key renewal must be
configured.

Step 4 Configure the compensation distance in the ranging.

Run the port portid range command to configure the compensation distance
range of the GPON port ranging.

Step 5 (Optional) Configure the DBA calculation period on a GPON port basis.

When different GPON ports provide different access services, the bandwidth delays
on these ports are different. In this case, the DBA calculation period needs to be
configured on a GPON port basis.

1. In GPON board mode, run the port dba bandwidth-assignment-mode

command to configure the DBA mode on a GPON port.
2. In diagnose mode, run the gpon port dba calculate-period command to
configure the DBA calculation period on the GPON port.

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NOTE

● The DBA calculation period on a GPON port can be configured only when the DBA mode is
set to manual on this GPON port.
● By default, the DBA mode on a GPON port is default, which means the global DBA mode is
used as the bandwidth assignment mode for the GPON port. In this case, if the global DBA
mode is modified by running the gpon dba bandwidth-assignment-mode command, the
bandwidth assignment mode on the GPON port is also modified. If the DBA mode on a
GPON port is not default, the bandwidth assignment mode on the GPON port is not
affected by the global DBA mode.
● If ONTs are configured on a GPON port, modifying the DBA mode is not allowed on this
GPON port.
● For the TDM service, the DBA mode must be set to min-loop-delay.

----End

Example
To enable the FEC function of GPON port 0/1/0, set the key renewal interval for
the ONT connected to this port to 10 h, the minimum ranging compensation
distance to 10 km, and the maximum ranging compensation distance to 15 km, do
as follows:
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 fec enable
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 ont-password-renew 10
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port 0 range min-distance 10 max-distance 15
This command will result in the ONT's re-register in the port.
Are you sure to execute this command? (y/n)[n]: y

To set the global DBA mode to min-loop-delay, DBA mode on GPON port 0/1/0
to manual, and DBA calculation period to 4, do as follows:
huawei(config)#gpon dba bandwidth-assignment-mode min-loop-delay
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/1
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port dba bandwidth-assignment-mode 0 manual
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#quit
huawei(config)#diagnose
huawei(diagnose)%%gpon port dba calculate-period 0/1/0 4

2.9 GPON Reference Standards and Protocols

The reference standards and protocols of the GPON feature are as follows:

Standard No. Description

ITU-T G.984.1 General Characteristics. This protocol

mainly describes the basic features and
major protection modes of GPON.

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Standard No. Description

ITU-T G.984.2 Physical Media Dependent (PMD)

Layer Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the PMD layer
parameters, including physical
parameters (such as the transmit
optical power, receiver sensitivity, and
overload optical power) of optical
transceivers, and also defines optical
budget of different levels, for example,
the most common Class B+.

ITU-T G.984.3 Transmission Convergence Layer

Specification. This protocol mainly
describes the TC layer specifications,
including the upstream and
downstream frame structures and
GPON principle.

ITU-T G.984.4 ONT Management And Control

Interface Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the GPON
management and maintenance
protocols, such as OAM, PLOAM, and
OMCI.

ITU-T G.984.5 Enhancement Band. This protocol

mainly describes the GPON
wavelength planning, including
reserving bands for next-generation
PON.

ITU-T G.984.7 Long Reach. This protocol mainly

describes several long reach PON
schemes for extending GPON
transmission distance.

ITU-T G.988 ONU management and control

interface (OMCI) specification.

TR-156 Using GPON Access in the context of

TR-101.

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