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com

TOPIC 1
NUMBER SYSTEM BASICS
1. Which of the following is not a Prime number?
A. 127 B. 137 C. 147 D. 157
Solution
147 is not a prime number as clearly visible that it is divisible by 3 and 7.

2. The product of 3 prime numbers is 1001. What is the sum of those prime numbers?
A. 31 B. 33 C. 29 D. 27
Solution
1001 = 7 × 143 = 7 × 11 × 13
Therefore, the three prime numbers are 7, 11 and 13. Required sum = 7+11+13 = 31.

3. Find the number of zeros in the given expression: 25 × 50 × 75 × 100

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Solution
25 × 50 × 75 × 100 = 5^2 × 2 × 5^2 × 3 × 5^2 × 2^2 × 5^2 = 2^3 × 5^8 × 3
Number of zeros = Minimum of power of 2 and 5 = 3.

4. Find the number of zeros in 224 factorial.

A. 44 B. 53 C. 52 D. 54
Solution
In case of factorial, we keep on dividing the number by 5 until we get a quotient lesser than 5 and take the sum
of all the quotients to get the number of zeros.
224/5 gives you a quotient of 44(more than 5). 44/5 gives a quotient of 8(more than 5). 8/5 gives a quotient
of 1(less than 5). Therefore, the number of zeros = 44 + 8 + 1 = 53.

5. Find the number of zeros in the given expression: 2^6 × 15^30

A. 30 B. 36 C. 33 D. 6
Solution
2^6 × 15^30 = 2^6 × (5×3)^30 = 2^6 × 5^30 × 3^30
Number of zeros = Minimum of power of 2 and 5 = 6

6. What least number should you multiply in 3920 so that it becomes a perfect square?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 20
Solution
3920 = 392 × 10 = 2 × 196 × 2 × 5 = 2^2 × 14^2 × 5
As the power of 5 is not even, we need to multiply 3920 by 5 to make it a perfect square.

7. The sum of digits of a number is 11. If 9 is subtracted from this number, you get the same number in
reverse order. Find the number.
A. 65 B. 56 C. 74 D. 47
Solution
Check options by options:
All the options have sum of digits as 11. When you subtract 9 from 65, you will get 56 which is in reverse order.

8. The sum of digits of a number is 8. If 36 is added to this number, you get the same number in reverse
order. Find the number.
A. 62 B. 35 C. 26 D. 74
Solution
All the options have sum of digits as 8 except (d). Therefore, it will be eliminated. When you add 36 in 26, you
will get 62 which is in reverse order.
#Code with KodNest Page | 1
Topic 1: NUMBER SYSTEM BASICS

9. The sum of digits of 3-digit number is 14. If 99 is subtracted from this number, we get the same
number but in reverse order. Find the number.
A. 473 B. 464 C. 428 D. 482
Solution
All the options have sum of digits as 14. When you subtract 99 from 473, you will get 374 which is in reverse
order.

10. If all the natural numbers from 50 to 99 are multiplied together (both inclusive), then the unit digit
of the result will be:
A. 5 B. 9 C. 3 D. 0
Solution
When any multiple of 2 and 5 are multiplied together, we will always get zero at the unit place. Therefore,
the unit digit in the result will be 0.

11. If all the odd numbers between 50 to 99 are multiplied together, then the unit digit of the result will
be:
A. 5 B. 9 C. 3 D. 0
Solution
When any multiple of 5 is multiplied with only odd numbers, we will always get 5 at the unit place.
Therefore, the unit digit in the result will be 5.

12. What is the unit digit of the sum of first 99 natural numbers?
A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Solution
Sum of n natural numbers = n(n+1)/2 = (99 × 100)/2 = 99 × 50
Hence, unit place = 0

13. What is the unit digit of the given power expression: 66^66
A. 6 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Solution
Take the unit place of the base which is 6. As per the power series of 6, we know that any power of 6 will
give a unit place of 6 only. Therefore, unit place is 6.

14. What is the unit digit of the given power expression: 125^66
A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Solution
Take the unit place of the base which is 5. As per the power series of 5, we know that any power of 5 will
give a unit place of 5 only. Therefore, unit place is 5.

15. What is the unit digit of the given power expression: 752^67
A. 6 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Solution
Take the unit place of the base which is 2. As per the power series of 2, we know that power series of 2 will
give cyclicity of 4. So, divide the power 67 by 4 and get the remainder which is 3. Hence, 2^3 = 8. Therefore,
unit digit will be 8.

16. What is the unit digit of the given power expression: 67^64
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Solution
Take the unit place of the base which is 7. As per the power series of 7, we know that power series of 7 will
give cyclicity of 4. So, divide the power 64 by 4 and get the remainder which is 0. When the remainder is 0,
we replace the power with 4. Hence, 7^4 give you the unit digit as 1.

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</DIY/>

1. The product of 3 prime numbers is 255. What is the sum of those prime numbers?
A. 25 B. 26 C. 27 D. 28

2. Find the number of zeros in 24 factorial.

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

3. Find the number of zeros in the given expression: 2^6 × 10^30

A. 30 B. 36 C. 33 D. 6

4. What is the least number by which 3920 must be divided so that it becomes a perfect square?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 20

5. The sum of digits of a 2- digit number is 12. If 18 is subtracted from this number, you get the same
number in reverse order. Find the number.
A. 75 B. 57 C. 84 D. 48

#Code with KodNest Page | 3

Topic 2: DIVISIBILITY RULES

TOPIC 2
DIVISIBILTY RULES
1. If a number is divisible by both 15 and 18, then it must be necessarily divisible by:
A. 15+18 B. 2(18-15) C. 15 × 18 D. 15 × 6
Solution
The number will be divisible by L.C.M of 15 and 18.
L.C.M = 15 × 6 Ans.

2. If the number 27954X604 is divisible by 3, then the sum of possible digits in place of X is:
A. 17 B. 15 C. 16 D. 19
Solution
27954X604 is divisible by 3.
⇒ 2 + 7 + 9 + 5 + 4 + X + 6 + 0 + 4 is divisible by 3.
⇒ 4 + X is divisible by 3. [Remove 3 or its multiples]
⇒ 1 + X is divisible by 3.
⇒ 1 + X = 3, 6, 9 ⇒ X = 2, 5, or 8
⇒ Sum = 2 + 5 + 8 = 15 Ans
.
3. The largest number which should replace X in the number 2395X4 to make the number divisible
by 4 is:
A. 9 B. 0 C. 2 D. 8
Solution
X4 is divisible by 4.
⇒ (10X + 4) is divisible by 4. (Remove 8X and 4 as they are multiples of 4)
⇒ 2X is divisible by 4. ⇒ X = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ⇒ Maximum possible value of X = 8 Ans.

4. If the number 2695X4 is divisible by 8, then smallest integer in place of X will be:
A. 1 B. 0 C.4 D. 2
Solution
2695X4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 5X4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 500 + 10X + 4 is divisible by 8.
⇒ 504 + 10X is divisible by 8.
Remove 8X and 504 as they are multiples of 8.
⇒ 2X is divisible by 8.
⇒ 2X = 0, 8, 16
⇒ X = 0, 4, 8 ⇒ Smallest X = 0 Ans.

5. If 339324X95 is divisible by 9, then digit in place of X is:

A. 7 B. 1 C. 6 D. 9
Solution
339324X95 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 3 + 3 + 9 + 3+ 2 + 4 + X + 9 + 5 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 2 + X is divisible by 9.
⇒ X = 7 Ans.

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6. How many pairs of X and Y are possible in the number 982X1Y2, if the number is divisible by 9?
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
Solution
982X1Y2 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 9 + 8 + 2 + X + 1 + Y + 2 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 4 + X + Y is divisible by 9.
4+X+Y=9 4 + X + Y = 18
X+Y=5 X + Y = 14
5+0
4+1 9+5
3+2 8+6
6 pairs 2 + 3 5 pairs 7 + 7
1+4 6+8
0+5 5+9
6 + 5 = 11 pairs Ans.

7. If 5947A86B1 is divisible by 9, where B is an odd number, find the sum of all possible values of A?
A. 26 B. 27 C.30 D. 36
Solution
5 9 4 7 A 8 6 B 1 is divisible by 9.
⇒ 13 + A + B is divisible by 9. [Remove 9 or its multiples]
⇒ 4 + A + B is divisible by 9.
⇒ 4 + A + B = 9 or 18
A+B=5 or A + B = 14
4+1 5+9
2+3 7+7
0+5 9+5
⇒ Required sum = 4 + 2 + 0 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 27 Ans.

8. What is the least value of X such that 425X524 is divisible by 12?

A. 3 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2
Solution
12

3 4
425X524 425X524
⇒ 4 + X is divisible by 3 24/4
⇒ 1 + X is divisible by 3 ⇒ X can be any value.
⇒ Xmin = 2 Ans.

9. If 11-digit number 919835X121Y is divisible by 90, then the value of 4X + 5Y is:

A. 24 B. 21 C. 25 D. 16
Solution
90

9 10
919835X121Y 919835X121Y is divisible by 10
12 + X + Y is divisible by 9 ⇒ Y = 0 and X = any value
3 + X is divisible by 9 since Y=0
⇒X=6
Hence, 4X + 5Y = 4 × 6 + 0 = 24 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 5

Topic 2: DIVISIBILITY RULES

10. If 7-digit number 7474X52 is divisible by 72, then the value of X is:
A. 5 B. 3 C. 7 D. 8
Solution
72

8 x 9
7474X52 is divisible by 8 7474X52 is divisible by 9
X52 is divisible by 8 11 + X is divisible by 9
752 is divisible by 8 2 + X is divisible by 9
⇒ X = 7 Ans.

11. If 7-digit number 89716X2 is divisible by 72, then the value of X is:
A. 2 B. 6 C. 7 D. 3
Solution
72

9 8
89716X2 is divisible by 9 91876X2 is divisible by 8
6 + X is divisible by 9 6X2 is divisible by 8
⇒X=3 Ans. 632 is divisible by 8

</DIY/>

1. Which of the following says the same thing as "P is divisible by Q"?
A. Q is a multiple of P B. Q is divisible by P
C. P is a multiple of Q D. P is a divisor of Q

2. If 43322K is exactly divisible by 72, what is K?

A. 4 B. 2 C. 6 D. 8

3. Which of the following numbers are completely divisible by 11?

i. 3244682 ii. 283702 iii. 438416 iv. 36874
A. Only I B. Only iii C. Only ii D. All are divisible

4. If the number 26348X047 is divisible by 3, then the largest possible digit in place of X is:
A. 7 B. 8 C. 6 D. 9

5. If 46732X781 is divisible by 9, then digit in place of X is:

A. 7 B. 1 C. 6 D. 9

6. What should be the minimum value of P so that the number 211P245 is exactly divisible by 15?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 0 D. 2

7. If 43329K is exactly divisible by 72, what is K?

A. 4 B. 2 C. 6 D. 8

8. What should be the minimum value of A so that the number 6789P24 is exactly divisible by 24?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 4 D. 2

9. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 9?

A. 1247043 B. 9090970704 C. 17622199 D. 10101

10. What should be the minimum value of Q so that the number 322Q356 is exactly divisible by 12?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 0 D. 2

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TOPIC 3
REMAINDER
1. What is the remainder when 519 + 1134519 + 1134 is divided by 7?
A. 2 B. 1.999 C. 3 D. None of these
Solution
r =1 r=1 r=0
519 + 1134519 + 1134 1+1+0=2 Ans.

2. Find the remainder when 63 × 65 × 67 × 68 × 71 is divided by 31?

A. 27 B. 31 C. 4 D. 34
Solution
r=1 r=3 r=5 r=6 r=9
63 × 65 × 67 × 68 × 71

31
1 × 3 ×5 × 6 × 9
⇒
31

90 × 9 (−3) × 9 −27
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = -27 + 31 = 4 Ans.
31 31 31

3. A number when divided by 697 gives a remainder of 209. If the same number is divided by 41, the
remainder will be?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 209
697
Let N = 209
N 209
Now, ⇒ ⇒ r = 4 Ans.
41 41

4. If a number is divided by 92, then the remainder is 29. If 2 times of this number is divided by 46, what
will be the value of remainder?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 29
92
Let N = 29
2N 2 × 29 58
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 12 Ans.
46 46 46

5. If a number is divided by 31, then the remainder is 15. If thrice of the square of this number is divided
by the same divisor, what will be the value of remainder?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 15
31
Let N = 15
3N2 3× N×N 3 × 15 × 15 3 × 225 3×8 24
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 24 Ans.
31 31 31 31 31 31

#Code with KodNest Page | 7

Topic 3: REMAINDER

6. A number when divided by 232 gives a remainder of 59. If the same number is divided by 29, the
remainder will be?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 19 D. 31
Solution
N
⇒ r = 59
232
Let N = 59
N 59
Now, ⇒ ⇒ r = 1 Ans.
29 29

7. When N is divided by 7, the remainder is 5. When 2N is divided by 7, what will be the remainder?
Solution
Given,
N
⇒r=5
7
Let N = 5
2N 2×5 10
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 3 Ans.
7 7 7

8. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 6, the remainder is 5. What is the remainder when 4n is divided
by 6?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Solution
N
⇒r=5
6
Let N = 5
4N 4×5 20
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
6 6 6

9. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 231, the remainder is 6. What will be the remainder when 5N2 +
4 is divided by 21?
Solution
N
⇒r=6
231
Let N = 6
5 × N2 +5 5 × N × N+4 5×6×6+4 30 × 6 + 5 9×6+5 59
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 17 Ans.
21 21 21 21 21 21

10. When the integers N1 & N2 are divided by 13, the remainders are 11 and 7 respectively. What will
be the remainder when N1 + N2 is divided by 13?
Solution
N1 N2
⇒ r = 11 and ⇒r=7
13 13
Let N1 = 11 and N2 = 7
(N1 +N2 ) 11+7 18
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 5 Ans.
13 13 13

11. When the integer ‘N’ is divided by 19, the remainder is 10. What is the remainder when 4N is divided
by 19?
Solution
N
⇒ r = 10
19
Let N = 10
4×N 4 × 10 40
Now, ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ r = 2 Ans.
19 19 19

12. What is the remainder when 46699246467 is divided by 23?

Solution
0 0 0 0 0
46699246467 ⇒ r = 7 Ans.
23

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13. If an integer N is divisible by 3, 5 and 12, what is the next larger integer divisible by all these
numbers?
A. N+3 B. N+5 C. N+12 D. N+60
Solution
The next number divisible by 3, 5 and 12 = N + (L.C.M. of 3, 5, 12)
= N + 60 Ans.

14. Find the maximum integer value of ‘n’ such that when (22)22 is divided by 8n, the remainder is zero.
Solution
(22)22
⇒r=0
8n
Break into prime factors
(2 ×11)22 222 × 1122
= ⇒r=0
(23 )n 23n
As r = 0 ⇒ 222 × 1122 is completely divisible by 23n.
For this to be possible, the power of 2 in denominator should be less than or equal to that in numerator.
⇒ 3n ≤ 22
22
⇒ n≤
3
⇒ n ≤ 7.33
⇒ nmax = 7 Ans.

</DIY/>

1. Find the remainders when the numbers 76550, 76551 and 76552 are divided by 3?
A. 2, 0, 2 B.1, 0, 1 C.1, 2, 3 D.2, 0, 1

2. What is the remainder when 466992461157 is divided by 23?

A. 6 B. 7 C. 9 D. 8

3. Find the remainder when 137×71×77×93 is divided by 15.

A. 9 B. 13 C. 12 D. 10

4. What is the remainder when 98 x 97 x 96 x 95 is divided by 99?

(Hint: use negative remainder concept)
A. 75 B. 24 C. 65 D. 57

5. Find the remainder when 635×636×637×638 is divided by 9.

A. 8 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4

6. What is the remainder when 648 + 1701 x 4049 x 4052 is divided by 4?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 0

7. When a square of an odd number is divided by 8

A. the remainder could be any odd number.
B. nothing definite can be said about the remainder.
C. the remainder is always 1.
D. the remainder could be any even number.

8. When the integer ‘n’ is divided by 7, the remainder is 5. What is the remainder if 6n is divided by 7?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

9. If a number is divided by 253, the remainder is 8. If 5 added to 7 times the square of this number is
divided by 23, then what will be the value of remainder will be ____.

10. A number divided by 435 leaves a remainder of 117. The remainder when it is divided by 29 will be
_____.

#Code with KodNest Page | 9

Topic 4: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

TOPIC 4
HCF AND LCM
1. Find L.C.M. & H.C.F. of 54, 216 and 540.
Solution
9&6 9 54 , 216 , 540
divides 6 6 24 60
all the 1 4 10
numbers
So, H.C.F = 9 × 6 = 54
And L.C.M = 9 × 6 × (1 × 4 × 10)
= 54 × 20 = 1080

2. Find L.C.M. & H.C.F. of 64, 69 and 84.

Solution There is no number which divides all of
4 64 , 69 , 84 them ⇒ H.C.F. =1. Think of a number
3 16 69 21 which divides two of them.
16 23 7
Now, there is nothing common even
pairwise.
L.C.M = 4 × 3 × 16 × 23 × 7

3. Find L.C.M. & H.C.F. of 128, 484 and 424.

Solution 4 divides all of them.
4 128 , 484 , 424 No number divides all of
2 32 121 106 them, so think pairwise now.
16 121 53
Now, there is nothing
So, H.C.F = 4 common even pairwise.
L.C.M = 4 × 2 × 16 × 121 × 53

4. Find the largest 3-digit number which is a multiple of 29.

Solution
29 999 34
87
129
116
13
999
⇒ ⇒ r = 13
29
986
⇒ ⇒ r = 0 ⇒ 986 is the required answer
29

5. Find the smallest 4-digit number which is a multiple of 49.

Solution
49 1000 20
98
20
00
20
1000 1000−20
⇒ ⇒ r = 20 ⇒ ⇒r=0
49 49
Now, to make dividend as a 4-digit number, add divisor in dividend.
1000−20+49
⇒ ⇒r=0
49
⇒ 1029 is the required number.
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6. Find the smallest number (greater than divisor) which when divided by 5, 7 or 11 leaves same
remainder of 4 in each case.
Solution
Given,
5 N 7 N 11 N

r=4 r=4 r=4

This is L.C.M model 1.
⇒ Least value of N = L.C.M of divisors + r
= (5 × 7 × 11) + 4
= 385 + 4
= 389 Ans.

7. Find the smallest 4-digit number which when divided by 5, 7 or 11 leaves same remainder of 4 in each
case.
Solution4
We know,
In general, N = K (L.C.M of divisors) + r
= 385K + r
385 1000 2
770
230
1000 1000−230
⇒ → r = 230 ⇒ →r=0
385 385
1000−230+385
⇒ →r=0
385
1000−230+385+4
⇒ →r=0+4
385
⇒ Required number = 1159 Ans.

8. Find the largest 4-digit number which when divided by 4, 7 or 11 leaves same remainder of 3 in each
case.
Solution
308 9999 32 [308 is the L.C.M of divisors]
924
759
616
143
9999
⇒ → r = 143
308
9999−143
⇒ →r=0
308
9856
⇒ →r=0
308
9856+3
⇒ →r=0+3
308
⇒Required N = 9856 + 3 = 9859 Ans.

9. Find the smallest number which when divided by 5 & 7 gives remainder of 3 & 5 respectively.
Solution
Given, 5 N 7 N

r=3 r=5
-ve remainder -ve remainder
=3–5 =5–7
= -2 = -2
Same
⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒ NLeast = L.C.M of divisors + (-ve remainder)
= L.C.M of (5,7) + (-2) = 35 – 2 = 33 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 11

Topic 4: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

10. Find the smallest number which when divided by 4, 5, 7 or 11 gives remainder of 1, 2, 4 and 8
respectively.
Solution
Given, 4 N 5 N 7 N 11 N

1 2 4 8
-ve rem -ve rem -ve rem -ve rem
=1–4 =2–5 =4–7 = 8 – 11
=-3 =-3 =-3 =-3

Same -ve remainder

⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒NLeast = L.C.M of divisors + (-ve remainder)
= L.C.M of (4, 5, 7, 11) + (-3)
= (4 × 5 × 7 × 11) - 3
= 20 × 77 – 3
= 1540 – 3
= 1537 Ans.

11. Find the largest 4-digit number which when divided by 7 & 9 gives remainder of 5 & 7 respectively.
Solution
Given, 7 N 9 N

5 7
-ve remainder -ve remainder
= 5 – 7 = -2 = 7 – 9 = -2
63 9999 158 (63 is the L.C.M of 7 & 9)
63
369
315
549
504
45
9999 9999−45
⇒ → r = 45 ⇒ →r=0
63 63
9999−45+(−2)
⇒ → r = 0 + (-2) = -2
63
⇒Required N = 9952 Ans.

12. Find the smallest 6-digit number which when divided by 7 & 11 gives remainder of 3 & 7
respectively.
Solution
Given, 7 N 11 N

3 7
-ve remainder -ve remainder
=3–7 = 7 – 11
= -4 = -4
77 100000 1298 77 100000-54
77 +77
230 -4
154 r=54-54-4 =-4
760 ⇒ Required number is 100000-54+77-4
693 = 100000+19 = 100019 Ans.
670
616
r = 54

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13. The least number which when divided by 24, 30, 36, 54 and 70 leaves 14, 20, 26, 44 and 60 as remainder
respectively, is:
A. 4562 B. 7550 C. 2135 D. 7589
Solution
N
→ r = 14 → r = -10
24
N
→ r = 20 → r = -10
30
N
→ r = 26 → r = -10
36
N
→ r = 44 → r = -10
54
N
→ r = 60 → r = -10
70
⇒ L.C.M model 2
⇒ Least value of N = L.C.M of (24, 30, 36, 54, 70) + (-ve remainder)

2 24, 30, 36, 54, 70

3 12 15 18 27 35
3 4 5 6 9 35
2 4 5 2 3 35
5 2 5 1 3 35
2 1 1 3 7

⇒ N = (2 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 5 × 2 × 3 × 7) + (-10)
= 7560 – 10 = 7550 Ans.

14. In KodNest, there are less than 450 employees. When divided by 7, it gives a whole number. Similarly,
when it is divided by 3, 4 or 5, it gives a whole number. Find the no. of employees in the company:
A. 242 B. 424 C. 342 D. 420
Solution
Let the number of students be N.
N
→r=0
7
N
→r=0
3
N
→r=0
4
N
→r=0
5
⇒ N = K × L.C.M of (7, 3, 4, 5) + (remainder)

= K [ 7 × 3 × 4 × 5] + (0)
= 420K
For N < 500, K = 1 ⇒ N = 420 Ans.

15. What is the largest number which when divides 300, 360, 288 leaves the same remainder in each case?
A. 12 B. 6 C. 3 D. 8
Solution
Required no. = H.C.F of [(360 – 300), (360 – 288), (300 – 288)]
= H.C.F of (60, 72, 12) = 12 Ans.

16. H.C.F of 23×32×72 and 22×33×7 is?

A. 128 B. 126 C. 146 D. 434
Solution
N1 = 23 × 32 × 72
N 2 = 22 × 33 × 71
For H.C.F, we take minimum powers
⇒ H.C.F = 22 × 32 × 71 = 4 × 9 × 7 = 252 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 13

Topic 4: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.

17. What is the least perfect square, which is divisible by 12, 15, 30?
A. 1600 B. 3600 C. 900 D. 32400
Solution
L.C.M of 12, 15, 30
3 12, 15, 30
5 4 5 10
2 4 1 2
2 1 1
L.C.M = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
Now, Required no. = K × L.C.M + 0 = (2 × 2 × 3 × 5)K
For making a perfect square, K = 3 × 5 = 15
N = (2 × 2 × 3 × 5) × 3 × 5 = 900 Ans.

18. The G.C.D of 2.16, 0.72 and 1.8 is:

A. 0.036 B. 0.9 C. 0.18 D. 0.36
Solution
G.C.D means H.C.F
216 54
N1 = 2.16 = =
100 25
72 18
N2 = 0.72 = =
100 25
18 9
N3 = 1.8 = =
10 5
54 18 9 H.C.F (54, 18, 9)
H.C.F ( , , 5) = L.C.M (25, 25, 5)
25 25
9 36
= = = 0.36 Ans.
25 100

19. The L.C.M of 0.4, 5.4 and 0.18 is:

A. 5.4 B. 0.54 C. 10.8 D. 1.08
Solution

0.4, 5.4, 0.18

4 54 18
, ,
10 10 100
2 27 9
, ,
5 5 50

L C M (2 , 27 , 9) 54 108
L.C.M = = = = 10.8 Ans.
H.C.F (5 , 5 , 50) 5 10

20. What is the largest number that will divide 90207, 232585 and 127986 without leaving a
remainder?
A. 257 B. 905 C. 351 D. 498
Solution
90207 232585 127986
5× 2× 5×
2× 9× 9×
odd
H.C.F: (a) 257 (b) 905 (c) 351 (d) 498

✔ 5 9 2
5 does not 9 does not 2 does not
divide divide divide
90207 & 232585 & 90207 &
127986. 127986. 232585.

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21. Diljit goes to the market once every 128 days and Badshah goes to the same market once every 144
days. They met each other one day. How many days later will they meet each other again?
A. 1134 B. 1152 C. 1530 D. None of these
Solution
L.C.M of 128, 144 16 128 144
= 16 × 8 × 9 8 9
= 16 × 72
= 1152 Ans.

22. The H.C.F of two numbers is 13 and their L.C.M is 5200. If one of the numbers is 400, then the other is:
A. 308 B. 208 C. 169 D. 283
Solution
H.C.F × L.C.M = N1 × N2
⇒ 13 × 5200 = 400 × N2
⇒ N2 = 13 × 13 = 169 Ans.

23. Let m and n be two prime numbers such that m is greater than n. If 203 is their L.C.M, then the difference
of four times of n and m is:
A. 1 B. 0 C. -1 D. 4
Solution
H.C.F = 1 and L.C.M = 203 and m & n are prime.
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Integer
⇒ 203 = 1 × 203

= 1 × 7 × 29 ⇒ n = 1 × 7 = 7 and m = 1 × 29 = 29
Or
= 1 × 1 × 203 ⇒ n = 1 and m = 203 (But 203 is not prime so eliminated.)
⇒ 4n – m = 4 × 7 – 29 = -1 Ans.

24. Let 17 and 357 are the H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers respectively. If one of them is less than 150 and
greater than 50, then what will be that number?
A. 119 B. 91 C. 109 D. 121
Solution
H.C.F =17 and L.C.M = 357
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Integer
⇒ 357 = 17 × 21

1 × 21 ⇒ N1 = 17 × 1 = 17 and N2 = 17 × 21 = 357 (>150)

or
3 × 7 ⇒ N1 = 17 × 3 = 51 and N2 = 17 × 7 = 119 (50<119<150) Ans.

25. Sum of squares of two numbers is 2125, their H.C.F is 5 and L.C.M is 90. Find the numbers.
A. 45, 36 B. 45, 27 C. 45, 10 D. None of these
Solution
H.C.F = 5, L.C.M = 90
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Integer
⇒ 90 = 5 × 18

1 × 18 ×
or
2 × 9 ⇒ N1 = 5 × 2 = 10 and N2 = 5 × 9 = 45

Also, 102 + 452 = 2125

So, N1 = 10 and N2 = 45 Ans.

26. The ratio of two numbers is 4:5 and their H.C.F is 3. Their L.C.M is:
A. 15 B. 12 C. 48 D. 60
Solution
H.C.F = 3
L.C.M = H.C.F × Integer = H.C.F × Ratio = 3 × (4 × 5) = 60 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 15

Topic 4: H.C.F. AND L.C.M.
27. If 17 and 510 are the respective H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers, which are greater than 17, then
what will be the possible number of such pair?
A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Solution
H.C.F = 17 and L.C.M = 510
⇒ L.C.M = H.C.F × Integer
⇒ 510 = 17 × 30
Now, the integer 30 will be divided into two parts x and y which must make a co-prime pair.
x y
1 30 × →( One Number is not greater than 17)
2 15 ✔
3 10 ✔ 3 pairs possible. Ans.
5 6 ✔
6 5 × →(Repeating case)

28. The H.C.F of two numbers is 21 and their difference is also 21. The numbers are -
A. 66, 78 B. 84, 105 C. 70, 82 D.84, 96
Solution
H.C.F = 21 Therefore, we can assume the numbers as 21x and 21(x+1).
N2 – N1 = 21
N1 N2
21x 21(x + 1)
21 42 → Put x = 1
42 63 → Put x = 2
63 84 → Put x = 3
84 105 → Put x = 4
Therefore, N1 = 84 and N2 = 105

29. What is the least amount that Mahi can have, such that when he distributes it into his friends in
groups of Rs.12 or Rs.16 or Rs. 18 or Rs. 20, he is always left with Rs. 5?
A. Rs. 795 B. Rs. 805 C. Rs. 595 D. Rs. 725
Solution
Least amount = L.C.M of (12, 16, 18, 20) + 5 2 12 16 18 20
= 720 + 5 2 6 8 9 10
= 725 Rs. Ans. 3 3 4 9 5
1 4 3 5
L.C.M = 2×2×3×4×3×5 = 720

30. The least number which when divided by 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves a remainder 2, but when divided by
11 leaves no remainder.
A. 182 B. 302 C. 362 D. 242 E. None of these
Solution
Least no. = K . L C M of (3, 4, 5, 6) + 2
= 60K + 2

60K+2
r=0
11

62 162 182 242 302 362 422

11 11 11 11 11 11 11
⇒ K=1 2 3 4 5 6 7
× × × ✔ × × ×
⇒ Least no. = 60 × 4 + 2
= 242 Ans.

31. If an integer K is divisible by 3, 4 and 11, what is the next largest number that is divisible by all the
three given numbers?
A. K+132 B. K+130 C. 2K+13 D. 2K+132 E. 2K
Solution
K
✔
3, 4, 11
⇒ Next largest number = K + L.C.M of (3, 4, 11) = K +132 Ans.

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</DIY/>

1. Find H.C.F AND L.C.M of the numbers 12, 84 and 36.

A. 4, 168 B. 12, 504 C. 84,12 D. 12,252

2. Find LCM of 12, 15, 20, 27.

A. 500 B. 540 C. 550 D. NONE OF THESE

3. The GCD of any 3 consecutive numbers will be?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. Find L.C.M. of 1.05 and 2.1

A. 1.3 B. 1.25 C. 2.1 D. 4.30

5. If a number is divisible by both 12 and 16, then it must be necessarily divisible by:
A. 12+16 B. 16-12 C. 12x16 D. 48

6. The greatest 3-digit number which is divisible by 3, 8 and 9.

A. 936 B. 864 C. 720 D. 1008

7. What is the number nearest to 10000 which is exactly divisible by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8?

A. 9956 B. 10080 C. 10096 D. 9240

8. The least perfect square, which is divisible by each of 21, 36 and 66 is:
A. 213444 B. 214344 C. 214434 D. 231444

9. Find the smallest 8-digit number which gives 15 as a remainder when divided by 38, 22 and 16.
A. 10002004 B. 10002015 C. 10001919 D. 10000015

10. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The larger of
the two numbers is:
A. 276 B. 299 C. 322 D. 345

11. Sum of squares of two numbers is 2754, their HCF is 9, LCM is 135, Find the numbers
A. 45, 36 B. 45, 27 C. 54, 27 D. None of these

12. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 19 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 11 and 13. The larger of
the two numbers is:
A. 247 B. 299 C. 322 D. 345

13. Find the greatest number which divides 32, 80, and 116 and leaves the same remainder in each case.
A. 15 B. 17 C. 14 D. 12

14. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their HCF is 4. Their L.C.M is:
A. 12 B. 16 C. 24 D. 48

15. Find the greatest number which divides 46, 94, and 118 and leaves the same remainder in each case.
A. 24 B. 17 C. 14 D. 13

#Code with KodNest Page | 17

Topic 5: RATIO AND PROPORTION

TOPIC 5
RATIO AND PROPORTION
1. A sum of money has to be distributed among P, Q, R, S in the ratio [7 : 3 : 5 : 4]. If R gets Rs. 1200
more than S, what is Q's share?
A. Rs. 3500 B. Rs. 2400 C. Rs. 3600 E. None of these
Solution
Given,
P:Q:R:S
[7 : 3 : 5 : 4 ]x
Hence, P = 7x, Q = 3x, R = 5x and S = 4x
Given,
R - S = 1200
⇒ 5x - 4x = 1200
⇒ x = 1200
Hence, share of Q = 3x = Rs. 3600

2. The sum of three numbers is 126. If the ratio of first to second is [3 : 4] and that of second to third
is [5: 7], then the second number is:
A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 48
Solution
(First, the number representing the second number B in the ratio must be made same.)
[A : B : C]
[ 3 : 4 ]×5
[ 5 : 7 ]×4
[ 15 : 20 : 28 ]x
⇒ A = 15x, B = 20x and C = 28x
Given,
A+B+C=
⇒ 15x + 20x + 28x = 126
⇒ 63x = 126
⇒ x=2
Therefore, B = 20x = 40

3. In a mixture of X, Y & Z, if X and Y are mixed in the ratio [2:5] and Y and Z are mixed in the ratio [4:5]
and the final mixture is 106 litres, find the amount of Y in the mixture?
A. 30 B. 25 C. 40 D. 45
Solution
(The number representing ‘Y’ in both the ratios must be made same)
[X : Y : Z]
[ 2 : 5 ]×4
[ 4 : 5 ]×5
[ 8 : 20 : 25 ]k
⇒ X = 8k, Y = 20k and Z = 25k
Given,
X + Y + Z = 106
⇒ 8k + 20k + 25k = 53
⇒ 53k = 106
⇒ k = 106/53 = 2
Therefore, Y = 20k = 20 × 2 = 40

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4. Fifteen years ago, P was half of Q's age. If the ratio of their present ages is 4:5, then what is the total of
their present ages?
A. 45 years B. 38 years C. 35 years D. 20 years
Solution
P : Q
15 years ago [1 : 2]x IN AGE BASED QUESTIONS, THE DIFFERENCE IN BOTH
2-1=1 THE RATIOS MUST BE MADE SAME AND AFTER THAT
SAME VARIABLE CAN BE TAKEN FOR BOTH THE RATIOS.
Present [4 : 5]x
5-4=1

Now, in relation to P, we can write

4x - x = 15
⇒ x=5
Hence, sum of present ages = 4x + 5x = 9x = 9 × 5 = 45

5. Abhishek and Vishal started a business in which they invested Rs. 49500 and Rs. 77000 respectively. If
the total profit is Rs. 16100, Vishal’s share will be:
A. Rs. 5400 B. Rs.7200 C. Rs. 8400 D. Rs. 9800
Solution
Ratio of investments of Abhishek and Vishal-
Abhishek : Vishal
49500 : 77000
9 : 14
The profit will be divided in the ratio of their investments.
Hence, Vishal’s share = [14/(9+14)] × 16100 = Rs. 9800

6. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. The ratio of the two numbers
is:
A. 2:5 B. 3:5 C. 4:5 D. 5:3
Solution
According to question,
I = 120% of III and II = 150% of III
So,
I : II
120 : 150
4 : 5

7. Seats for Science, Commerce and Arts in a school are in the ratio [3 : 6 : 7]. If the number of seats increase
by 50% then what is the ratio of increased seats?
A. 2:3:4 B. 6:7:8 C. 3:6:7 D. None of these
Solution
Science : Commerce : Arts
Old [ 3 : 6 : 7 ]x

+50% of 3x +50% of 6x +50% of 7x

=+1.5x =+3x = +3.5x

New [ 4.5 : 9 : 10.5 ]x

[ 3 : 6 : 7 ]

#Code with KodNest Page | 19

Topic 5: RATIO AND PROPORTION

8. Rs 12000 was divided among 8 men, 5 women and 4 boys, such that the ratio of the shares of men,
women and boys is [9:7:4]. What is the share of each boy?
A. Rs. 400 B. Rs. 800 C. Rs. 450 D. Rs. 600
Solution
12000

[9 : 7 : 4]x
Shares of men = 9x Shares of women = 7x Shares of boys = 4x
So, 9x + 7x + 4x = 12000
⇒ 20x = 12000
⇒ x = 600
Shares of boys = 4x = 2400
Share of each boy = 2400/4 = Rs. 600

9. Vision and Clint are moving in to a new house. Both love games and thus packed several boxes with
games. If Clint packed 60% of the total number of boxes, what was the ratio of the number of boxes
Vision packed to the number of boxes Clint packed?
A. 2:3 B. 3:4 C. 3:2 D. None of these
Solution
Given, Boxes packed by Clint = 60% of total
⇒ Boxes packed by Vision = 40% of total
Boxes packed by Vision : Boxes packed by Clint
40 : 60
2 : 3

10. Clay and cement were mixed in the ratio [ 3 : 1 ] to make up 1 tonne. How much clay must be added
to make the ratio [6 : 1]?
A. 1 tonne B. 750 kg C. 500 kg D. 5 tonnes E. None of these
Solution
Clay : Cement
Old [3 : 1 ]x
SINCE CEMENT VALUE IS NOT CHANGING, THE VALUE
REPRESENTING CEMENT IN THE RATIOS MUST BE
New [6 : 1 ]x
MADE SAME IF NOT AND AFTER THAT SAME VARIABLE
Now, in relation to Clay, we can write
CAN BE TAKEN FOR BOTH THE RATIOS.
Quantity of clay added = 6x - 3x = 3x
Given,
Total quantity of old mixture = 1000kg
⇒ 3x + 1x = 1000
⇒ x = 250
Hence, quantity of sand added = 3x = 750kg

11. A, B and C started a business as partners and their shares are in the ratio 6 : 4 : 3. After two months,
A takes out 50% of his capital and after 10 more months, a profit of Rs 4221 is divided among
them. What is B’s share?
A. Rs.1280 B. Rs.1440 C. Rs.1560 D. Rs.1608
Solution
Ratio of investment = 6:4:3
Considering the time for which investment was put, Ratio of profit of A, B and C will be
A:B:C
(6×2+50% of 6 ×10) : (4×12) : (3 × 12) (initial investment of A was put only for 2 months and then for the
remaining 10 months, only 50% of his initial investment was put into business)
42 : 48 : 36
7: 8 : 6
Profit of A, B and C respectively will be 7x , 8x and 6x.
Total profit = 4221 ⇒ 21x = 4221
x = 201
B’s share = 8x = 8 × 201 = Rs. 1608

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12. If 3 numbers are in the ratio of [4:3:7] such that sum of their squares is equal to 1850, what is the middle
number?
A. 25 B. 14 C. 30 D. 34
Solution
[ I : II : III ]
[ 4 : 3 : 7 ]x
According to question,
I2 + II2 + III2 = 1850
⇒ (4x)2 + (3x)2 + (7x)2 = 1850
⇒ 74x2 = 1850
⇒ x2 = 25
⇒x=5
⇒ Middle Number = 3x = 15

</DIY/>

1. The incomes of Ankit and Bhavya is in the ratio of 5:4 and their expenditures are in the ratio of 14:11.
If they save 1000 rupees each then what is the total income of Ankit?
A. Rs 17000 B. Rs 15000 C. Rs 15500 D. Rs 14500

2. Hrithik has a piece of cake 60 cm long. He gives Raman half of it. He then gives Gajendra 1/4th of what
is left. After giving a piece to Shiva, he is left with 1/10th of the original. How much did he give to
Shiva?
A. 16.5 cm B. 21.5 cm C. 19.5 cm D. 31.5 cm

3. The ratio of adults to teenagers in a locality is 1:30. If teenagers are increased by 50 and adults by 5,
the new ratio becomes 1:25. What is number of adults at present?
A. 15 B. 14 C. 12 D. 13

4. A bag contains Rs 216 in the form of one rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise coins in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 4. The
number of 50 paise coins is ?
A. 96 B. 128 C. 144 D. 100

5. If (1/3)A = (1/4)B = (1/5)C. Then A : B : C is

A. 4 : 3 : 5 B. 5 : 4 : 3 C. 3 : 4 : 5 D. 20 : 15 : 12

6. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If eight is added to both the numbers, the ratio becomes 3 : 4. The
numbers are ?
A. 15 and 20 B.16 and 24 C. 13 and 17 D. 17 and 9.

7. What is the value of (P + Q)/(P - Q) if P/Q is 7?

A. 4/3 B. 2/3 C. 2/6 D. 7/8

8. If 2/3rd of the contents of a container evaporated on the 1st day. And 1/4th of the remaining
evaporated on the second day. What part of the contents of the container is left at the end of the
second day?
A. 1/4 B. 1/12 C. 1/18 D. 1/6

9. In an island, there are four men for every three women and five children for every three men. How
many children are there in the island if it has 531 women?
A. 454 B. 1180 C. 1070 D. 389

10. Kiran earned Rs. 8000 as his profit share out of the total profit value of Rs.24000 which he and Arun
earned after one year. If Kiran invested Rs. 60,000 for 3 months only, whereas Arun invested his share
for the complete year then what was the amount invested by Arun?
A. Rs.30000 B. Rs.36000 C. Rs.40000 D. Rs.45000

#Code with KodNest Page | 21

Topic 6: Percentage

TOPIC 6
PERCENTAGE
1. 4% of (25% of Rs. 1800) is
A. Rs. 5 B. Rs. 18 C. Rs. 20 D. Rs. 25
Solution
4% of (25% of Rs. 1800)
4 25
= × × 1800
100 100
1 1
= × × 1800 = 18
25 4

2. How much is 70% of 50 greater than 3/5 of 25?

A. 12 B. 20 C. 11 D. 13
Solution
70% of 50 = 35
3
and × 25 = 15
5
⇒ Required difference = 35-15 = 20

3. (p% of p) + (q% of q) = 2% of pq, then what percentage of p is q?

A. 50% B. 75% C. 100% D. Cannot be determined.
Solution
(p% of p) + (q% of q) = 2% of pq
⇒ p2 + q2 = 2pq ⇒ p2 + q2 – 2pq = 0
⇒ (p - q)2 = 0 ⇒ p - q = 0 ⇒ p = q
⇒ q = 100% of p

4. A is thirty percent of B; B is twenty percent of C and D is fifty percent of C. Find the value of A/D.
A. 0.33 B. 3.33 C. 16.67 D. None of these
Solution
30 3 20 1 50 1
A= B= B and B = C = C and D = C= C
100 10 100 5 100 2
Now,
3 3 1 3 1 6
A= B= × C= × × 2D = D
10 10 5 10 5 50
A 6 3
Hence, = = 25
D 50

5. In a team of 24 persons, 1/4th are women and 3/4th are men. To obtain a team with 15% women,
how many men should be hired?
A. 16 B. 18 C. 38 D. 40
Solution
Before hiring After hiring
24 Total persons

Women Men Women Men

1
= × 24 = 18 15% of total = 6 = 85% of Total
4
85
=6 ⇒ Total = 40 = × 40 = 34
100

Hence, number of men to be hired = 34 – 18 = 16

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6. The population of Daman is 6000. The number of men and women increases by 15% and 10%
respectively and consequently, the population of the village becomes 6800. What was the number of
men in Daman?
A. 4000 B. 3000 C. 2500 D. 2000
Solution
Let the number of men and women be 100x and 100y.
⇒ Increase in men = 15% of 100x = 15x
⇒ Increase in women = 10% of 100y = 10y
New number of men and women = 115x and 110y
According to question,
100x + 100y = 6000 ------------ 1
115x + 110y = 6800 ------------ 2
Solving equations 1 and 2, we get
x = 40
⇒ Old population of men = 100x = 4000

7. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 6 marks more than the other and his
marks was 45% of the sum of their marks. What are the marks obtained by them?
A. 33, 46 B. 33, 42 C. 27, 33 D. None of these
Solution
A – B = 6 and
A = 45% of (A + B)
⇒ 100A = 45(A + B)
⇒ 55A = 45B ⇒ 11A = 9B
⇒A : B
⇒ 9 : 11
⇒ 27: 33
Hence, the marks or two students are 27 and 33.

8. Ravi's salary was reduced by 15%. Percentage increase to be affected to bring the salary to the original
level is
A. 33.33% B. 20% C. 17.65% D. 30%
Solution
Let the original salary of Ravi be Rs 100.
Original New
100 85

Decrease
-15
According to question,
Current Salary New
= 85 = 100

Increase Required
+15
Increase 15
% Increase = × 100 = × 100 =17.65%
Current salary 85

9. A person’s salary is decreased in steps of 15%, 12% and 10%. What will be the percentage decrease, if
the salary is decreased in a single shot?
A. 38.00% B. 32.68% C. 67.32% D. 28.00%
Solution
100
15% of 100 = 15
85
12% of 85 = 10.2 Net Decrease
74.8 = 32.68 i.e. 32.68%
10% of 74.8 = 7.48
67.32

#Code with KodNest Page | 23

Topic 6: Percentage

10. If A's height is 30% less than that of B, then by how much percent is B's height more than that of A?
A. 66.66% B. 42.86% C. 30% D. 86.66%
Solution
Let the height of B be 100.
B A
100 70

Less
-30
According to question,
A B
70 100

More
+30

More 30
% More = × 100 = × 100 = 42.86%
Lesser value 70

11. In an examination, P got 5% marks less than Q, Q got 25% marks more than R and R got 20% less
than S. If P got 380 marks out of 500. The percentage of marks obtained by S was:
A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85%
Solution
95 100 100
P = 95% of Q ⇒P= Q ⇒Q= P= × 380 = 400
100 95 95
125 4 4
Q = 125% of R ⇒ Q = R ⇒ R = Q = × 400 = 320
100 5 5
4 5 5
R = 80% of S ⇒R= S ⇒S= R = × 320 = 400
5 4 4
400
⇒ % of marks score by S = × 100 = 80%
500

12. A student multiplied a number by 7/20 instead of 20/7 What is the percentage error in the
calculation?
A. 74.75% B. 87.75% C. 54.65% D. 64%
Solution
Let the number be L.C.M (20, 7) = 140
INCORRECT CORRECT
7 20
× N = 49 × N = 400
20 7

Error = 400 – 49 = 351

Error 351
% error = × 100 = × 100 = 87.75%
Correct value 400

13. In a certain company, 15% of the men and 20% of the women attended the annual company picnic.
If 40% of all the employees are men, what percent of all the employees went to the picnic?
A. 33.33% B. 18% C. 12% D. 33%
Solution
Total Employees = 100

Men = 40% of 100 Women = 60

= 40

Attended Attended
= 15% of 40 = 20% of 60
=6 = 12
Hence, 6+12 = 18 out of 100 employees attended the outing i.e. 18%.

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14. In an election between two candidates, first candidate got 70% of votes polled and second candidate
got 360 votes. The total number of votes polled was.
A. 800 votes B. 700 votes C. 1200 votes D. 720 votes
Solution
Total Votes

Candidate 1 Candidate 2
= 70% of Total Votes = 30% of Total Votes
= 360
So, 30% of total votes = 360
3
⇒ × Total Votes = 360 ⇒ Total Votes = 1200
10

15. There was an election between two candidates, one got 45% of the total valid votes, 10% of the votes
were invalid. If the total number of votes was 9000, the number of valid votes that the other candidate
got, was:
A. 3645 B. 2900 C. 3000 D. 4455
Solution
Total Votes = 9000

Valid = 9000 – 900 Invalid Votes = 10% of 9000

= 8100 = 900

Candidate 1 Candidate 2
= 45% of 8100 = 8100 - 3645
= 3645 = 4455

16. Out of total votes in an election between two candidates, 20% of votes were invalid. Winner got 60% of
valid votes and was elected by a majority of 800 votes. find the total number of votes?
A. 6000 B. 5500 C. 4500 D. 5000
Solution
Let, Total Votes (T.V.) = 100x

Valid = 80% of T.V. = 80x Invalid Votes = 20% of T.V. = 20x

(V.V.)

Winner Loser
= 60% of V.V= 48x = 40% of V.V = 32x

Given, Winner’s votes – Loser’s votes = 800

⇒ 48x – 32x = 800
⇒ 16x = 800 ⇒ x = 50
⇒ Total votes = 100x = 5000

17. In a certain city, 70% of the registered voters are congress supporters and the rest are BJP supporters.
In an assembly election, if 60% of the registered congress supporters and 30% of the registered BJP
supporters are expected to vote for candidate X, what percent of the registered voters are expected to
vote for candidate X?
A. 56% B. 45% C. 53% D. 51%
Solution
Total Voters = 100

Congress = 70% of 100 BJP = 30

= 70

Voting for X Voting for X

= 60% of 70 = 30% of 30
= 42 =9
Hence, 42+9 = 51 out of 100 are voting for candidate X, i.e. 51%
#Code with KodNest Page | 25
Topic 6: Percentage

18. In an election contested by two parties, Party D secured 12% of the total votes more than Party R.
If party R got 132,000 votes, by how many votes did it lose the election?
A. 46000 B. 33000 C. 16000 D. 36000
Solution
Total Votes

Party D = 56% of total Party Y = 44% of total

= 132000
Given, Party R = 44% of total = 132000
⇒ 1% of total = 3000 ⇒ 12% of total votes = 36000

19. The price of sugar is increased by 10%. As a result, a family decreases its consumption by 20%. The
expenditure of the family on sugar will be decreased by
A. 10% B. 5% C. 12% D. 15%
Solution
Price Consumption Expenditure
+1 −1
+10% = -20% =
10 5

Initial = 10 Initial = 5 Initial = 5×10=50

+1 -1 -6
Final = 11 Final = 4 Final = 11× 4 = 44
6
% Decrease in Expenditure = × 100 = 12%
50

20. Salt price is increased by 25%. By how much percent should the consumption be decreased so as to
keep the expenditure at the same level?
A. 16.67% B. 25% C. 20% D. 15%
Solution
Price Consumption Expenditure
+1 No change
+25% =
4

Initial = 4 Initial = 20/4 = 5 Initial = 20

+1 -1 0
Final = 5 Final = 20/5 = 4 Final = 20

Decrease 1
% Decrease in consumption = × 100 = × 100 = 20%
Initial value 5

21. The price of rice got reduced by 25% which enabled a customer to purchase 16 kg more for Rs. 600.
The original price of rice per kg is:
A. Rs. 16 B. Rs. 12.5 C. Rs. 14 D. Rs. 15
Solution Price Consumption Expenditure
−1
-25% = No change
4
Initial = 4x Initial = 600/4x = 150/x Initial = Rs 600
-1x 0
Final = 3x Final = 600/3x = 200/x Final = Rs 600

Given, change in consumption = 16kg

200 150 50 50
- = 16 ⇒ = 16 ⇒ x =
x x x 16
Original price = 4x = 4×50/16 = Rs. 12.5/kg

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22. X's income is 20% more than Y's income. Y's income in terms of X's income is:
A. 75% B. 83.33% C. 87.33% D. 96%
Solution
X = 120% of Y
6
⇒X= Y
5
5 5
⇒ Y = X = × 100% of X = 83.33% of X
6 6

</DIY/>

1. Student A scores 20 marks in an examination out of 30 while another student B scores 40 marks out
of 70. Who has performed better?
A. STUDENT A B. STUDENT B
C. BOTH PERFORMED EQUALLY D. CAN'T BE DETERMINED

2. Ambuja was a contractor. Ambuja won a contract with a big corporate and his business began to grow
exponentially. So, he decided to hire more resources in his projects. If he had to increase his work
force by 33.33%, what will be percentage reduction in the workload of each person?
A. 75% B. 20% C. 25% D. 33.33%

3. A father, his little son and his new-born infant girl together weigh 74kgs. How much does the son
weight if the father weighs 46kg more than the combined weight of son and the infant and the infant
weighs 60% less than the son.
A. 18 B. 20 C. 10 D. Cannot be Determined

4. Rohit Sharma scored 80% marks in his exams of 5 subjects. After re-evaluation he got 30 marks in
one subject, and 10 marks less in another. Marks of the remaining three subjects were unchanged.
What is his new percentage?
A. 85% B. 84% C. 80% D. 86%

5. If 10= 5% of a and 5= 10% of b then c=b/a What is c?

A. 1/3 B. 1/5 C. 1/2 D. 1/4

6. I started with an amount money. First, I purchased a thing by paying 20% of the money which I had
and also for second thing I paid 20% of the money left with me, which is equal to 16. Then how much
money I started with?
A. 81 B. 54 C. 63 D. 25

7. In an office, there are 60% of men employees out of which 25% are eligible for the post of manager.
What is the probability that an eligible man is selected as manager?
A. 15% B. 50% C. 80% D. 30%

8. A bakery opened yesterday with its daily supply of 40 dozen rolls. Half of the rolls were sold by noon
and 80 % of the remaining rolls were sold between noon and closing time. How many dozen rolls had
not been sold when the bakery closed yesterday?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 2

9. B's monthly salary is 10% less than that of A's. C's monthly salary is less by 25% than that of A's. By
what percent is B's salary more than that of C's?
A. 20% B. 15% C. 23% D. 13% E. None of these

10. If 98% of 1640 + 4% of 820 = X% of 410. find X?

A. 200 B. 400 C. 100 D. 102

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Topic 7: AGES

TOPIC 7
AGES
1. The difference between the age of two persons is 12 years. Eighteen years ago, the elder was twice
as old as the younger one. The present age of the elder person is:
A. 32 B. 20 C. 42 D. 26
Solution
Given,
Difference between the age of 2 persons = 12years
I II
Eighteen years ago Let x 2x
⇒ Age difference = 2x-x = x
⇒ x = 12 (age difference never changes)
⇒ Age of II (18 years ago) = 2x = 24
⇒ Present age of II = 2x + 18 = 42

2. The sum of the present ages of the father and son is 80 years. Five years ago, father’s age was four
times the age of son. After 5 years, son’s age will be:
A. 12 years B. 24 years C. 18 years D. 20 years
Solution
Son Father
5 yrs ago (1 : 4)x
x 4x
Given,
Sum of present ages = 80
⇒ Sum of ages (5yrs ago) = 80 – 5 – 5 = 70 ⇒ x + 4x = 70 ⇒ x = 14
⇒ Present age of son = Age 5 yrs. ago + 5 = x + 5 = 19
⇒ Age of son after 5 yrs. = Present age of son + 5 = 19 + 5 = 24 yrs.

3. A father is 24 years older than his son, however, he will be only four times as old as the son after 8
years. What is father’s present age?
A. 32 years B. 30 years C. 24 years D. None of these
Solution
Age difference between father and son = 24
Now,
Father Son
After 8 yrs. (4 : 1)x
4x x

Age diff = 4x – x = 3x = 24 ⇒ x = 8
Now, Father’s present age = Father’s age (after 8 yrs.) – 8 = 4x - 8 = 24 yrs.

4. P is three years older than Q who is thrice as old as R. If the sum of ages of P, Q and R is 17, then how
old is Q?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10 E. 11
Solution P Q R
x
Present x+3 Let x
3
Given, P + Q + R =17
x 3x+9+3x+x
(x+3) + x + = 17 ⇒ = 17 ⇒ 7x + 9 = 51
3 3
⇒x=6
Hence, age of Q = 6

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5. The sum of the ages of a mother and her son is 30 years. 3 years ago, the product of their ages was 2
times the mother’s age at that time, then the present age of the son is:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 5 D. None of these
Solution
Mother Son
Present x 30 – x
-3 -3
3 yrs. ago x–3 27 – x

⇒ (x – 3) (27 – x) = 2(x – 3) ⇒ (27 – x) = 2 ⇒ x = 27 – 2 ⇒ x = 25.

⇒ Present age of son = 30 – x = 30 – 25 = 5

6. Ten years ago, Kalavati’s mother was four times older than her daughter. After 10 years, the mother
will be twice older than daughter. The present age of Kalavati is:
A. 20 years B. 15 years C. 25 years D. None of these
Solution
Mother : Daughter
10 years ago [4 : 1]x IN AGE BASED QUESTIONS, THE DIFFERENCE IN
4-1=3 BOTH THE RATIOS MUST BE MADE SAME AND
AFTER THAT SAME VARIABLE CAN BE TAKEN FOR
After 10 yrs. [2x3 : 1x3]x BOTH THE RATIOS.
2–1=1

Now, in relation to daughter (Kalavati), we can write

3x - 1x = 20 ⇒ x = 10
Hence, present age of Kalavati = x + 10 = 20 yrs.

7. Father is aged two times more than his son Rohit. After 6 years, he would be two times of Rohit’s age.
After further 6 years, how many times would he be of Ronit’s age?
A. 2 times B. 1.67 times C. 2.7 times D. 3 times
Solution
Father : Son
Present [3 : 1]x
3-1=2

After 6 yrs. [2 x2 : 1 x2]x

2-1=1

Now, in relation to Son (Rohit), we can write

2x - 1x = 6 ⇒ x = 6
Hence, present age of Rohit = x = 6 yrs. and present age of Rohit’s father = 3x = 18 yrs.
⇒ Age of Rohit after 12 yrs. = 18 yrs. and age of Rohit’s father after 12 yrs. = 30 yrs.
Hence, after further 6 yrs., father will be 30/18 = 1.67 times of Rohit’s age.

8. The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 2 years each is 30 years. What is the age of the
youngest child?
A. 2 years B. 4 years C. 6 years D. None of these
Solution
X–4 X–2 X X+2 X+4
Youngest Oldest
As per question,
Sum of age of all children = 30
⇒ (X-4) + (X-2) + X + (X+2) + (X+4) = 30
⇒ 5X = 30 ⇒ X = 6
Hence, age of youngest = X - 4 = 2

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Topic 7: AGES

9. When 5 is subtracted from the present age of Ramu and the remainder is divided by 5, then the
present age of Sahil is obtained. If Sahil is 4 years younger to Raj whose age is 12 years, then find
the age of Ramu.
A. 45 B. 50 C. 54 D. 58 E. Data inadequate
Solution
Ramu Sahil Raj
Present 12 – 4 = 8 12

As per question,
Ramu−5
= Sahil ⇒ Ramu’s age = 5. Sahil + 5 = 45
5

10. The average of ages of three persons is 60 years. Those ages are in the ratio 2:4:6. What is the age
of youngest one among them?
A. 30 B. 15 C. 60 D. NONE OF THESE
Solution
Average of ages of three persons = 60
Sum of ages of three persons = Average x 3 = 60 x 3 = 180
I : II : III
[ 2 : 4 : 6 ]x
Sum of ages = 2x + 4x + 6x = 180 ⇒ 12x = 180 ⇒ x = 15
Hence, age of youngest one = 2x = 30

11. The present ages of three persons is in the ratio 2 : 5 : 7. Six years ago, the sum of their ages was 52.
Find their present ages.
A. 8, 20, 28 B. 16, 28, 36 C. 20, 35, 45 D. None of these
Solution
I : II : III
Present [ 2 : 5 : 7 ]x
-6 -6 -6
6 Years Ago 2x-6 5x-6 7x-6
Given,
Sum of ages 6 years ago = 52
⇒ (2x-6) + (5x-6) + (7x-6) = 52 ⇒ x = 5
Hence, Present ages of three persons = 2x, 5x, 7x = 10, 25, 35

12. When Rajeev was born, his father was 32 years older than his brother and his mother was 25 years
older than his sister. If Rajeev's brother is 6 years older than Rajeev and his mother is 3 years
younger than his father, how old was Rajeev's sister when Rajeev was born?
A. 15 Years B. 7 Years C. 17 Years D. 10 Years E. None of these
Solution
Given,
Age difference of Rajeev’s father and brother = 32
Age difference of Rajeev’s mother and sister = 25
Age difference of Rajeev’s brother and Rajeev = 6
Age difference of Rajeev’s father and mother = 3
Now,
Age of Rajeev when he was born = 0
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s brother when Rajeev was born = 0+6 = 6
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s father when Rajeev was born = 6+32 = 38
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s mother when Rajeev was born = 38-3 = 35
⇒ Age of Rajeev’s sister when Rajeev was born = 35-25 = 10

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13. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth". If the father's
age is 38 years now, the son's age five years back was:
(HINT: the difference between the ages of two persons never change)
A. 14 B. 19 C. 33 D. 38
Solution
Father Son
When son was born x 0
Present 38 x

We know that age difference between two persons never changes.

Therefore, we can write,
x – 0 = 38 – x ⇒ x = 19 ⇒ Son’s age 5 years back = x – 5 = 19 – 5 = 14

</DIY/>

1. 7 years ago, the ages (in years) of A and B were in the ratio 4:5 and 7 years hence, they will be in the
ratio 5:6. The present age of B is:
A. 56 years B. 63 years C. 70 years D. 77 years

2. The sum of ages of family members (both children and parents) is 360 years. The total ages of
children and parents are in the ratio 2:1 and the ages of wife and husband are in the ratio 5:7. What
will be the age of husband?
A. 65 B. 75 C. 72 D. 70

3. The sum of the ages of a mother and her son is 45 years. Five years ago, the product of their ages was 3
times the mother’s age at that time, then the present age of the son is:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14

4. The ages of two persons differ by 14 years. 5 years ago, the elder one was 3 times as old as the
younger one. What is the present age of the elder person?
A. 36 B. 24 C. 32 D. 26

5. Present ages of Simmi and Anu are in the ratio of 5 : 4 respectively. Three years hence, the ratio of
their ages will become 11 : 9 respectively. What is Anu's present age in years?
A. 20 B. 24 C. 28 D. 35

6. Ten years ago, the ages of the members of a joint family of eight people added up to 231 years. Three
years later, one member died at the age of 60 years and a child was born during the same year. After
another three years, one more member died, again at 60, and a child was born during the same year.
The current average age of this eight-member joint family is nearest to:
A. 23 years B. 22 years C. 25 years D. 24 years

7. Rahul is 15 years older than Rohan. If 5 years ago, Rahul was 3 times as old as Rohan, then find
Rahul's present age.
A. 32.5 years B. 27.5 years C. 25 years D. 24.9 years

8. In 4 years, Raj's father's age will be twice as Raj. Two years ago, Raj's mother's age was twice as Raj. If
Raj will be 32 years old, eight years from now, what is the present age of Raj's mother and father?
A. 32,34 B. 51,50 C. 32,36 D. 52,46

9. When you reverse the digits of age of father you will get the age of son. one year ago, the age of father
was twice that of son's age. What are the current ages of father and son?
A. 73 & 37 B. 73 & 45 C. 65 & 37 D. None of these

10. Five years ago, the average age of a family of six members was 20 years. A baby is born and now the
average age is 22 years. How old is the baby at present?
A. 2 years B. 5 years C. 3 years D. 4 years

#Code with KodNest Page | 31

Topic 8: PROFIT AND LOSS

TOPIC 8
PROFIT AND LOSS
1. A man buys an article for Rs. 27.50 and sells it for Rs. 28.60. Find his gain percent.
A. 4% B. 8% C. 10% D. 6%
Solution These are decimal values. So before
CP SP calculating anything, make a ratio and
27.50 28.60 simplify.
275 : 286
[25 : 26] × 4 Now make CP as 100 in the ratio
+1
100 : 104
+4

If CP =100 then %P = P = 4%

2. A man gains 10% by selling a certain article for a certain price. If he sells it at double the price, the
profit made is:
A. 20% B. 120% C. 100% D. 140%
Solution
Using 10%. make a ratio} 10% = 10/100
C.P. : S.P.
100 : 110
+10 × 2 Now, sell at double price

100 : 220
+ 120

If C.P. = 100, % P = P
⇒ % P = 120 %

3. A radio when sold at a certain price gives a gain of 20%. What will be the gain percent, if sold for
thrice the price?
A. 200% B. 260% C. 100% D. 160%
Solution
Gain (20%) = 20/100
C.P. : S.P.
100 : 120
+20 ×3

100 : 360
+260
⇒ 260%

4. A person sells an article at 16% below its cost price. Had he sold for 30 rupees more, he would have
gained 14%. To gain 25%, he should sell the article for________rupees.
A. 100 B. 200 C. 125 D. 150
Solution
SP1 ⇒ 84%
SP2 ⇒ 114% ⇒ SP2 - SP1 = 30% = 30 Rs
SP3 ⇒ 125% ⇒ ? ⇒ 1% = 1 Rs
⇒ 125% = 125 Rs

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5. A man sold a book at loss of 10%. Had he sold it for 104 Rs more, he would have earned a profit of 10%.
Find the cost price of the book.
A. Rs. 400 B. Rs. 520 C. Rs. 640 D. Rs. 840
Solution
SP1 = 90% of C.P
Given, SP2 – SP1 = 104 Rs
SP2 = 110% of C.P 20% of C.P. = 104
1
× C.P. = 104
5
C.P. = 104 × 5 = 520 Rs.

6. The cost price of 20 article is the same as the selling price of X articles. If the profit is 25%, then the
value of X is:
A. 15 B. 16 C. 18 D. 25
Solution
C.P. : S.P.
X 20
____________________________
25
Using profit% (25% = )
100
C.P. S.P.
100 125
[4 : 5] × 4 (Multiply by 4 to make the ratios match)
[16 : 20]

⇒ X = 16

7. If the cost price of 20 articles is equal to the selling price of 16 articles. What is the percentage of profit
or loss that the merchant makes?
A. 15% Profit B. 25% Loss C. 25% Profit D. 15% Loss
Solution
C.P of 20 articles = S.P of 16 articles
⇒ 20(C.P of 1 unit) = 16(S.P of 1 unit)
⇒ C.P/S.P = 16/20
C.P S.P
16 : 20
[4 : 5] × 25 Now multiply by 25 to make C.P. as 100.
+1
[100 : 125]

+ 25
%P = 25%

8. Sam Purchased 20 dozen of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of
Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit?
A. 3.5% B. 4.5% C. 6.5% D. 5.6%
Solution
C.P S.P
375 × 20 : 33 × 20 × 12
125 : 132
7
28
⇒ %P = (7/125) × 100 = % = 5.6%
5

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Topic 8: PROFIT AND LOSS

9. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Solution
C.P of 6 toffees = 1 Rs
C.P S.P
Let 1 Rs. is the SP of x toffees.
x : 6
⇒ C.P6 = S.PX
As, gain% = 20% = 1/5
C.P. S.P.
5 : 6
Equating both the ratios, we get
x=5

10. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost of 5 balls. The cost price of a ball is:
A. Rs. 45 B. Rs. 50 C. Rs. 55 D. Rs. 60
Solution
Let CP of 1 ball = x Rs
CP of 17 balls SP of 17 balls
= 17x Rs = 720 Rs
-Loss = (17-5) x
Loss = CP of 5 balls = 12x Rs
= 5x Rs
Now,
12x = 720
x = 60
⇒ CP of 1 ball = x = 60 Rs

11. A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 20%. B sells it to C at a profit of 25%. If C pays Rs. 225 for it, the
cost price of the bicycle for A is:
A. Rs. 110 B. Rs. 120 C. Rs. 125 D. Rs. 150
Solution

A B B C
+20% +25%
(1/5) (1/4)
5 : 6 4 : 5 Make ratios using two % given &
+1 +1 combine them to make a single ratio.
⇒ A : B : C
[5 : 6] 6
4 [4 : 5]
[20 : 24 : 30]x
Given, 30x = 225 ⇒ x = 15/2 ⇒ CP of bicycle for A = 20x = Rs 150

12. I bought a book for Rs 60, I sold off to a friend for Rs 70 but after a while I felt sorry, that I sold it
and bought it back for Rs 80, how much loss did I incur?
A. No loss B. No gain C. Rs 10 D. Rs. 15 E. None of these
Solution
I. I have 60 Rs
II. I buy the book
III. I have (60 Rs book) + 0 Rs in my pocket.
IV. I sell the book Order of events
V. I have 70 Rs in my pocket
VI. I buy the book again for 80 Rs.
VII. I have the book and I owe my friend 10 Rs
⇒10Rs Loss

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13. John buys a cycle for 31 dollars and given a cheque of amount 35 dollars. Shopkeeper exchanged the
cheque with his neighbour and given change to John. After 2 days, it is known that cheque is bounced.
Shopkeeper paid the amount to his neighbour. The cost of cycle is 19 dollars. What is the profit/loss for
shopkeeper?
A. loss 23 B. gain 23 C. gain 54 D. loss 54
Solution
John Shopkeeper Neighbour
Cheque (35$) Cheque 35$ }0 Rs
[Worth 0 Rs]
4$ change 35$ cash

Bicycle worth 19$

Shopkeeper gave 19$ bicycle & a cash of 4$ & got nothing in return. So, he is at a loss of 23$(19$ + 4$).

14. A quantity of tea is sold at Rs. 5.75 per kilogram. The total gain by selling the tea at this rate is Rs. 60.
Find the quantity of tea being sold if a profit of 15% is made on the deal.
A. 9 kg B. 60 kg C. 80 kg D. 70 kg
Solution
Using profit %, make a ratio 15% ⇒15/100
Ratio
C.P. S.P.
100×4 : 115 ×4
+15×4
“Make the ratio match the actual value
given in the question”
Actual
400 Rs 460 Rs
60
By matching
CP = 400 Rs ⇒ SP = 460 Rs
Profit = 60 Rs ⇒ 460 = 5.75 × (Quantity of tea)
SP = 460 Rs ⇒ 460 = (23/4) × Q
Q = 80 kg

15. Two lots of Mango with equal quantity, one costing Rs. 10 per kg and the other costing Rs. 15 per kg, are
mixed together and whole lot is sold at Rs. 15 per kg. What is the profit or loss?
A. 10% loss B. 10% profit C 20% profit D. 20% loss
Solution
Lot 1 (q1) Lot2 (q2) Given (q1 = q2)
p1 = 10 Rs/kg p2 = 15 Rs/kg

MIX
(p1 q1 + p2 q2) (p1 + p2 ) (10+15 )
p= = = = 12.5 Rs/kg
(q1 + q2) 2 2
Now,
C.P. < S.P.
12.5 Rs 15 Rs
Profit = 2.5 Rs
⇒ %P = (2.5/12.5) × 100 = 20%

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Topic 8: PROFIT AND LOSS

16. How many kgs of wheat costing Rs.24 per kg must be mixed with 30 kgs of wheat costing Rs.18.40
per kg so that 15% profit can be obtained by selling the mixture at Rs.23 per kg?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 20
Solution
___ kg 30kg Using 15% (15/100)
CP1 CP2 CPMix : SPMix
24 Rs/kg 18.4 Rs./kg 100 : 115 Matching actual
20 : 23 value given
MIX
CPMix = 20 Rs/kg

20-18.40 24-20
= 1.6 : =4
⇒16 : 40 Alligation Rule Matching actual value
[4 : 10] ×3 given (i.e. 30kg)
[12 : 30]
12kgAns.

17. The cost price of an article is 80% of its marked price for sale. How much per cent does the
tradesman gain after allowing a discount of 12%?
A 20% B. 12% C. 10% D. 8%
Solution
C.P. S.P. M.P.
= 80% of M.P. =100-12 -D let M.P. = 100 Rs
= 80 Rs = 88 Rs -12 % of M.P.
P=8 Rs ⇒ Dis = 12Rs
⇒ % P = (8/80) × 100 = 10%

18. A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price and still gains 17% on the whole. Find
at what percent above the cost price did he mark his goods.
A. 35% B.25% C.30% D.45%
Solution
Discount 10% (10/100) ⇒ S.P. M.P.
90 100
[9 : 10]

Gain % (17%) = 17/100 C.P. : S.P.

[100 : 117]
⇒ C.P. : S.P. & S.P. : M.P.
[100 : 117] [9 : 10] × 13

⇒ C.P. : S.P. : M.P.

⇒ 100 : 117 : 130

C.P. M.P.
100 : 130
+30
⇒ % Mark-up = (30/100) × 100 = 30%

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19. If on an item, a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount, then
what is the profit percentage?
A. 40% B. 50% C. 35% D. 30%
Solution
CASE I ⇒ SP1 = 75% of M.P. = 125 % of C.P.
CASE II ⇒ SP2 = 90% of M.P. = X % of C.P.
75% of MP 125% of CP
⇒ =
90% of MP X% of CP
⇒ X = 150 ⇒ SP2 = 150% of CP
⇒ %P = 50% of C.P.

20. A horse and a cow were sold for Rs. 12,000 each. The horse was sold at a loss of 20% and the cow at a
gain of 20%. The entire transaction resulted in?
A. no loss or gain B. loss of Rs. 1000 C. gain of Rs. 1000 D. gain of Rs. 2000
Solution
As per situation, SPHorse = SPcow
Horse [-20% = (-1/5)] Cow [+20% = (+1/5)]
CP1 SP1 CP1 SP1
[5 : 4] ×3 [5 : 6] ×2
-1 +1 Now, SP are same in
[15 : 12] [10 : 12] ratio also.
15x 12x 10x 12x
-3x +2x
SP1 = SP2 = 12000 0
⇒ 12x = 12000 ⇒ x = 1000
⇒ Net result = -3x + 2x = -x = -1000 Rs = Loss of 1000 Rs

21. A man sold two cows for Rs. 210 at a total profit of 5 %. He sold one cow at a loss of 10% and another at
a profit of 10%. What is the price of each cow?
A. Rs. 100 & Rs. 50 B. Rs. 150 & Rs. 50
C. Rs. 150 & Rs. 75 D. None of these
Solution
1st cow (-10% = (-1/10)) 2nd Cow (+10% = (+1/10))
CP1 SP1 CP2 SP2
[10 : 9] x [10 : 11] y
-1 +1

Net (5% = 1/20)

CP2 cows SP2 cows = 210 Rs
[20 21] ×10
200 Rs 210 Rs
Now, CP1 + CP2 = 200 Rs SP1 + SP2 = 210 Rs
10x +10y = 200 Rs 9x +11y = 210 Rs
90x + 90y = 1800 ------1 90x + 110y = 2100 -----2
Eqn 2 - Eqn 1
⇒ 20y = 300
⇒ y = 15 ⇒ CP2 = 10y = 10 × 15 = Rs. 150 and CP1 = 200 - CP2 = Rs. 50

#Code with KodNest Page | 37

Topic 8: PROFIT AND LOSS

22. A Samsung duo and a Galaxy are bought for Rs.40000. The Duo is sold at a profit of 33.33% and
the Galaxy is sold at a loss of 20%. There was no loss or gain. Find the cost price of the Samsung
duo?
A. Rs. 15,000 B. Rs. 25,000 C. Rs. 20,000 D. Rs. 18,000
Solution
Samsung Duo (+33.33% = (+1/3)) Galaxy (-20% = (-1/5))
CP1 SP1 CP2 SP2
3 : 4 5 : 4
+1 -1
Given situation: No loss no gain
⇒ Profit on Duo = Loss on galaxy
As per the ratio also, +1-1 = 0
⇒ We can take same variable (x) for both ratios.
Now, ⇒ CP1 + CP2 = 40,000 Rs (Given)
⇒ 3x + 5x = 40,000 ⇒ x = 5000
⇒ CP of Duo = CP2 = 3x = 15,000 Rs

</DIY/>

1. Lalit marks up his goods by 40% and gives a discount of 10%. Apart from this, he uses a faulty
balance also, which reads 1000 gm for 800 gm. What is his net profit percentage?
A. 57.5% B. 57% C. 61% D. 62.5%

2. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, what
was his profit?
A. Rs. 18.20 B. Rs. 70 C. Rs. 72 D. Rs. 88.25

3. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price
remains constant. Approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit?
A. 30% B.70% C. 100% D. 250%

4. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss
incurred by selling the same article for Rs. 1280. At what price should the article be sold to make
25% profit?
A. Rs. 2000 B. Rs. 2200 C. Rs. 2400 D. Data inadequate

5. The cost price of 4 ice-creams is equal to the selling price of 6 ice creams. Find profit or loss %.
A. 25% Gain B. 20% Gain C. 40% Gain D. 33.33% Loss

6. A shopkeeper sells two different items at the same price. If he sells one at a profit of 10% and
another at a loss of 10%, find the net profit or loss%.
A. 2% gain B. 1% loss C. 1% gain D. 2% loss

7. A shopkeeper sells 18 mangoes for the purchase price of 20 mangoes. The percent profit made by
the shopkeeper is:
A. 10% B. 11.11% C. 9.09% D. 12%

8. A trader gives three successive discounts of 10%, 20% and 10% respectively. Find the net
discount percentage.
A. 35.2% B. 40% C. 20% D. 30%

9. If on an item a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount
then what is the profit percentage.
A. 40% B. 50% C. 35% D. 30%

10. A person sold an article for Rs. 3,600 and got a profit of 20%. If he sold the article for Rs. 3,150,
then how much profit he will make?
A. 6% B. 10% C. 15% D. 5%

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TOPIC 9
SIMPLE INTEREST
1. Given that the interest is only earned on principal, if an investment of Rs.1000.00 amounts to
Rs.1440.00 in two years, then what is the rate of interest earned?
A. 20% B. 21% C. 22% D. 23%
Solution
P×r×t
S.I =
100
1000×r×2
⇒ 1440-1000 =
100
⇒ 440 = 10×r×2
⇒ r = 22% Ans.

2. A sum of Rs 468.75 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 1 year and 8 months,
the total amount of Rs 500 is received, find the rate of interest.
A. 4% B. 4.50% C. 6% D. 8%
Solution
P = 468.75
A = 500
8 5
t = 1yr 8 months = 1 + = yrs.
12 3
S.I. = A - P
= 500 – 468.75 = 31.25
P×r×t
⇒ 31.25 =
100
468.75 × r × 5
⇒ 31.25 =
100 × 3
15625 × r × 1
⇒ 625 =
100
⇒ r = 4% Ans.

3. How long will it take for a sum of money to grow from Rs. 1250 to Rs. 10,000, if it is invested at 12.5%
p.a. simple interest?
A. 26 Years B. 35 Years C. 76 Years D. 56 Years
Solution
S.I. = A - P
= 10000 – 1250 = 8750
1250 × 12.5 × t
⇒ = 8750
100
⇒ t = 56 years.

4. Simple Interest on a certain sum is 16/25 of the sum. Find the rate percent and time, if both are
numerically equal.
A. Rate=8% & Time=8 years B. Rate=8% & Time=9 years
C. Rate=18% & Time=8 years D. None of these
Solution
P.r.t
S.I =
100
16 P×r×r
⇒ ×P= [∵ t = r]
25 100
⇒ r 2 = 64
⇒ r = 8% and t = 8 yrs.

#Code with KodNest Page | 39

Topic 9: SIMPLE INTEREST

5. Rambo took a loan of Rs. 1200 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he
paid Rs. 432 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 3.6 B. 6 C. 18 D. Data inadequate E. None of these
Solution
P = Rs. 1200
r = t (numerically)
S.I = Rs. 432
P×r×t
⇒ = 432
100
1200×r×r
⇒ = 432
100
⇒ r = 6% and t = 6 yrs.

6. If you deposit Rs. 110 in a bank at a simple interest of 12% per year, how much money will
you have in the bank after 2 years?
A. 134 B. 136.4 C. 26.4 D. 24 136
Solution
P = Rs. 110, t = 2 yrs., r = 12%
A = P + rt% of P
⇒ A = P + 24% of P
= Rs. 110 + 20% of Rs. 110 + 4 × (1% of Rs. 110)
= Rs. 110 + 2 × 11 + 4 × (1.1)
= Rs. 136.4

7. What sum of money will accumulate to Rs.5300 at 8% rate of interest in 9 months?

A. 5000 B. 5400 C. 4500 D. 4000
Solution
9 3
r% = 8%, t = 9 months = yr. = yr.
12 4
P A = Rs. 5300

100% of P S.I. = rt% of P 106% of P

3
= (8 × ) % of P
4
= 6% of P
A = Rs. 5300
⇒ 106% = Rs. 5300
Rs.5300
⇒ 1% =
106
Rs.5300
⇒ 100% = × 100
106
⇒ P = Rs. 5000

8. In how much time would the simple interest on a certain sum be 0.125 times the principal at 10%
per annum?
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
A. 2 years. B. 1 years. C. 2 years. D. 3 years.
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution
r% = 10%, t yr.
P A
S.I. = 0.125P

S.I. = 0.125P = 12.5% of P

(rt)%
So, rt = 12.5
12.5 12.5 1
⇒t= = = 1.25 years = 1 years
r 10 4

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9. A sum of money becomes 2.5 times itself at 12.5% simple interest p.a. The period of investment is
A. 10 years B. 14 years C. 12 years D. 9 years
Solution
r% = 12.5%, t yrs.
P A = 2.5P

100% S.I. = (250 – 100)% 250%

= 150%
⇒ (rt)% = 150 %
150 150
⇒t= = = 12 years
r 12.5
Or,
12.5% builds up in 1 yr.
×2 ×2
25% builds up in 2 yrs.
×6 ×6
150% builds up in 12 yrs.

10. At a certain rate of simple interest, a sum doubles itself in 10 years. In how many years would it treble
itself?
A. 30 B. 40 C. 15 D. Data inadequate D. None of these
Solution
Case1: r%, t = 10 yrs.
P A = 2P

100% S.I. = 100% 200%

⇒ rt = 100
100 100
⇒ r= = = 10%
t 10
Case2: r% =10%, t =? yrs.
P A = 3P

100% S.I. = 200% 300%

⇒ rt = 200
200 200
⇒ t= = = 20 yrs.
r 10

11. Simple interest on an amount at 4% per annum for 13 months is more than the simple interest on the
same sum for 8 months at 6% per annum by Rs 40. What is the principal amount?
A. 16000 B. 12000 C. 4800 D. 22000
Solution
Case1: Case2:
P P
4% 6%
13 8
13 months = yr. 8 months = yr.
12 12
S.I.(I) > S.I.(II)
⇒ S.I.(I) - S.I.(II) = Rs. 40
(rt)% (rt)%

13 8
⇒( × 4)% - ( × 6)% = Rs. 40
12 12
52−48
⇒( )% = Rs. 40
12
⇒ 4% = 12 × 40
⇒ 100% = 12 × 40 × 25 = Rs. 12000

#Code with KodNest Page | 41

Topic 9: SIMPLE INTEREST

12. A sum was put at simple interest at a certain rate for 3 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate, it
would have fetched Rs. 63 more. The sum is:
A. Rs. 2400 B. Rs. 2100 C. Rs. 2200 D. Rs. 2480
Solution
Case1: Case2:
P P
r% (r+1)%
3 yrs. 3 yrs.
P×r×3 P×(r+1)×3
S.I.(I) = S.I.(II) =
100 100
∴ S.I.(II) - S.I.(I) = Rs. 63
P×(r+1)×3 P×r×3
⇒ - = Rs. 63
100 100
P×3
⇒ × [(r + 1) - r] = Rs. 63
100
⇒ P × [1] = Rs. 2100
∴ P = Rs. 2100

13. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 2240 in 2 years and to Rs. 2600 in 5 years. What
is the principal amount?
A. 1000 B. 1500 C. 2000 D. 2500
Solution
P A2 = Rs. 2240
r%, 2yrs.

r%, 5 yrs.
A5 = Rs. 2600
⇒ A5 - A2 = (S.I.)3 yrs.
⇒ (S.I.)3 yrs. = 2600 – 2240 = Rs. 360
⇒ (S.I)1 yr. = Rs. 120

⇒ P = 2240 – (120 × 2) = Rs. 2000

Or,
2600 – (120 × 5) = Rs. 2000

14. A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 1008 in 2 years and to Rs. 1164 in 3.5 years. Find the sum
and rate of interest.
A. 700, 13% B. 700,15% C. 800,13% D. 800,15%
Solution
P Rs. 1008
r%, 2yrs.

r%, 3.5 yrs. Rs. 1164

⇒ S.I.(1.5 yr.) = Rs. 1164 – Rs. 1008 = Rs. 156

Rs.156
⇒ (S.I)1 yr. = = Rs. 104
1.5

⇒ P = 1008 – (104 × 2) = Rs. 800

or
= 1164 – (104 × 3) = Rs. 800

P×r×t
S.I =
100
800×r×1
⇒ 104 =
100
⇒ r = 13%
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</DIY/>

1. A sum fetched a total simple interest of Rs. 4016.25 at the rate of 9% p.a. in 5 years. What is the sum?
A. Rs. 4462.50 B. Rs. 8032.50 D. Rs. 8900 D. Rs. 8925

2. If you deposit Rs. 120 in a bank at a simple interest of 12% per year, how much money will you have in
the bank after 2 years?
A. 134 B. 148.8 C. 128.8 D. 144 E. 288

3. A sum was put at simple interest at certain rate for 4 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate, it would
have fetched Rs. 64 more. The sum is:
A. Rs. 3200 B. Rs. 1600 C.Rs. 2000 D. Rs. 2400

4. A sum of Rs 450 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 1 year and 8 months, the total amount
of Rs 500 is received. find the rate of interest.
A. 6.67% B. 4.5% C. 6% D. 8%

5. At a certain rate of simple interest, a sum double itself in 10 years. In how many years would it treble
itself?
A. 30 B. 40 C. 15 D. Data inadequate E. None of these

6. How long will it take for a sum of money to grow from Rs.1250 to Rs.8,750, if it is invested at 12.5% p.a.
simple interest?
A. 26 Years. B. 35 Years. C. 76 Years. D. 48 Years.

7. A sum at simple interest at 13.5% per annum amounts to Rs 2502.50 after 4 years. Find the sum.
A. Rs. 1425 B. Rs. 1225 C. Rs. 1625 D. Rs. 1565

8. A certain sum amounts to Rs. 7350 in 2 years and to Rs. 8575 in 3 years. Find the sum and rate percent.
A. Sum = Rs. 4400 and Rate=16 2/3 %. B. Sum = Rs. 5400 and Rate=14 2/3 %.
C. Sum = Rs. 5400 and Rate=16 2/3 %. D. None of these

9. A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 1040 in 2 years and to Rs.1196 in 3.5 years. Find the sum and
rate of interests.
A. 1092, 13% B. 936, 12.5% C. 832, 12.5% D. 988, 25%

10. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of
interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is:
A. 5% B. 7% C. 8% D. 10%

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Topic 10: COMPOUND INTEREST

TOPIC 10
COMPOUND INTEREST
1. The amount of principal Rs.4000 at compound interest at the ratio of 10% p.a. for 3 years is:
A. Rs. 4325 B. Rs. 5324 C. Rs. 3425 D. Rs. 5342
Solution
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
10% 10% 10%
400 400 400
4000 +40 + 40
+ 40
+ 4
4000
+1200
+ 120
+ 4
5324

2. If the compound interest on a sum of Rs.5000 at the rate 10% per annum is Rs.1050, then time
period is (interest compounded yearly):
A. 1 Year B. 2 Years C. 3 Years D. 2 Years
Solution
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
5000+1050 110 n
⇒ = ( 100 )
5000
6050 11 n
⇒ 5000 = ( 10 )
1210 11 n
⇒ 1000 = ( 10 )
⇒n=2

3. At what rate of interest (compounded yearly) will Rs 10,000 amount to Rs. 12,100 in 2 years?
A. 9% B. 11% C. 8% D. 10%
Solution
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
12100 100+r 2
⇒ =( )
10000 100
100+r 110
⇒ = 100
100
100+r 100+10
⇒ =
100 100
⇒ r = 10%

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𝟏
4. The principal that amounts to Rs. 4913 in 3 years at 𝟔 % per annum C.I. compounded annually, is?
𝟒
A. Rs. 3406 B. Rs. 4096 C.Rs. 3096 D. Rs. 4085
Solution
1 25
r% = 6 % = %
4 4
r 25/4 1 17
⇒1+ =1+ =1+ =
100 100 16 16
An 100+r n
=( )
P0 100
4913 17 3
⇒ = ( 16 )
P
4913 × 163
⇒P=
17 ×17 ×17
⇒ P = 163 = 4096

5. A sum of money amounts to Rs.6690 after 3 years and to Rs.10035 after 6 years on compound interest.
Find the sum.
A. Rs.4400 B. Rs.4560 C. Rs.4600 D. Rs.4460
Solution
Case: - I
P0 r%, t = 3 yrs. A3 = Rs. 6690

A3 100+r 3
⇒ =( ) -------------
P0 100
Case: - II
P0 r%, t = 6 yrs. A6 = Rs. 10035

2
A6 100+r 3
⇒ = [( ) ] -------------
P0 100
A6 A3 2
⇒ = ( )
P0 P0
10035 6690 × 6690
⇒ =
P0 P0 × P0
⇒ P0 = Rs. 4460

6. Analysing the good returns that Halocircle Insurance Pvt. Ltd. was giving, Ratika bought a 1-year, Rs
10,000 certificate of deposit that paid interest at an annual rate of 8% compounded semi-annually.
What was the total amount of interest paid on this certificate at maturity?
A. 716 B. 816 C. 886 D. None of these
Solution

6 months next 6 months

8
= 4% 4%
2 Note
4% of 10000 4% of 10000 For period of 6 months,
+ 4% of (4% of 10000) take half of rate %.
10000
400 400 + 16

Total = 816 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 45

Topic 10: COMPOUND INTEREST

𝟏
7. Compound interest of Rs.3000 at 10% p.a. for 1 years will be (interest compounded half yearly).
𝟐
A. Rs.473 B. Rs.374 C. Rs.495 D. Rs.347 E. None of these
Solution
3000
5%
5(30) = 150
5%
5(1.5) = 7.5
5%
5(0.075) = 0.375

6 months 6 months 6 months

Note
5% 5% 5%
For period of 6
150 150 150
months, take half
+7.5 +7.5
of rate %.
3000 +7.5
+0.375
⇒ A = 3000 = 3000
+150 × 3 +450
+ 7.5 × 3 +22.5
+ 0.375 +0.375
Rs.3472.875 ⇒ C.I. = 472.875 Rs. = 473 Rs. (approx..)

𝟏
8. What is the difference between the compound interests on Rs. 5000 for 1 years at 4% per annum
𝟐
compounded yearly and half-yearly?
A. Rs. 2.04 B. Rs. 3.06 C. Rs. 4.80 D.Rs. 8.30 E. Data inadequate
Solution
Yearly
1 year 6 months
4
use 4% use = 2%
2

Rs.5000
4% of 5000 2% of 5000
+ 2% of 200
= Rs.200 = Rs.104

C.I.(yearly) = Rs. 304

Half–Yearly
5000
2% of 5000
100
2% of 100
2
2% of 2
0.04

6 months (2%) 6 months (2%) 6 months (2%)

100 100 100
Rs.5000 +2 +2
+2
+0.04
⇒ C.I.(half-yearly) = 300 + 6 + 0.04 = Rs. 306.04
⇒ C.I.(half-yearly) – C.I.(yearly)= 306.04 – 304 = Rs. 2.04

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9. There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple interest. What will be the compound interest
of Rs.12,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
A. Rs. 3420 B. Rs. 3120 C. Rs. 3972 D. Rs. 3240
Solution
S.I.
P r%, t = 6 yrs. A6

100% + 60% 160%

⇒ rt = 60
60
⇒r= = 10%
6

C.I.
1 yr, 10% 1 yr, 10% 1 yr, 10%
12000 Rs. 1200 Rs. 1200 Rs. 1200
10% Rs.12000 + Rs. 120 + Rs. 120
1200 + Rs. 120
10% + Rs. 12
120 A3 = 12000
10% +3600
12 + 360
+ 12
15972

C.I. = 3600+360+12
= Rs. 3972 Ans.

10. The difference between simple interest and compound interest on a certain deposit for two years at
8% p.a. is Rs 8. What is the amount of deposit?
A. Rs. 2250 B. Rs. 1250 C. Rs. 1550 D. Rs. 2000 E. None of these
Solution For a period of two years
r 2
(C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
⇒ C.I. – S.I. = Rs. 8
r2
⇒ ×P=8
1002
8 ×100 × 100
⇒P= =1250
8 ×8

11. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest on a certain sum at 12% p.a. for
two years is Rs.90. What will be the value of the amount at the end of 3 years?
A. 9780.8 B. 8780.80 C. 7654.4 D. None of these
Solution (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = Rs. 90
r 2
⇒( ) × P = 90
100
12 12
⇒ × × P = 90
100 100
⇒ P = Rs. 6250
Now,
1 yr, 12% 1 yr, 12% 1 yr, 12%
6250 Rs. 750 Rs. 750 Rs. 750
12% Rs.6250 + Rs. 90 + Rs. 90
750 + Rs. 90
12% + Rs. 10.8
90 ⇒ Amount = 6250+1500+750+270+10.8 = 8780.8 Ans.
12%
10.8

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Topic 10: COMPOUND INTEREST

12. Anil invests an amount for 2 years at the rate of 15% p.a. at simple interest. Had he invested in a
scheme in which interest was compounded yearly, he would have got Rs.450 more. Find the
principal:
A. Rs. 8,000 B. Rs. 15,000 C. Rs. 20,000 D. Rs. 10,000
r 2
Solution (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
15 2
⇒ 450 = ( ) ×P
100
450 ×100 ×100
⇒P= = Rs.20000
15 ×15

13. If the simple interest on a sum of money for 2 years at 5% per annum is Rs. 50, what is the
compound interest on the same at the same rate and for the same time?
A. Rs. 51.25 B. Rs. 54.25 C. Rs. 60 D. Rs. 52
Solution S.I.
P 5%, 2 yrs. A2

S.I. = Rs.50
⇒ rt% = Rs.50
⇒ 10% = Rs.50
⇒ P = 100% = Rs.500
r 2
Now, (C.I. – S.I.)2 yrs. = ( ) ×P
100
5 2
⇒ C.I. – 50 = ( ) × 500
100
⇒ C.I. = 1.25 + 50 = Rs.51.25Ans.

14. The compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years at 10% per annum is Rs. 525. The simple
interest on the same sum for double the time at half the rate percent per annum is:
A. 400 B. 500 C. 600 D. 800
Solution
An 100+r n
C.I. =( )
P0 100
P0 +525 110 2
⇒ =( )
P0 100
P0 +525 121
⇒ =
P0 100
⇒ 100P0 + 52500 = 121P0
⇒ 21P0 = 52500 ⇒ P0 = Rs.2500
S.I. P0 Time is doubled⇾ 4 yrs.
5%, 4 years Rate is halved⇾ 5%p.a.
Rs.2500 S.I. = rt% of P
= 20% of 2500 = Rs.500 Ans.

15. A sum of money doubles itself at C.I. in 15 years. In how many years will it become eight times?
A. 40 years. B. 35 years. C. 55 years. D. 45 years.
Solution P 2P 4P 8P

15yrs. 15yrs. 15yrs.

45 Years

16. A sum of money triples itself at compound interest in 3 years. In 9 years, it will be?
A. 6 times the principal B. 12 times the principal
C. 18 times the principal C. 27 times the principal
Solution ×3 ×3
P 3P 9P 27P
3yrs 3yrs 3yrs
. . Ans.
27P .

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</DIY/>
𝟏
1. What is the difference between the compound interests on Rs. 5000 for 1 years at 10% per annum
𝟐
compounded yearly and half-yearly?
A. Rs. 13.125 B. Rs. 13.5 C. Rs. 14.5 D. Rs. 15

2. The principal that amounts to Rs. 729 in 3 years at 12.5% per annum C.I. compounded annually, is?
A. Rs. 1728 B. Rs. 512 C. Rs. 1000 D. Rs. 1331

3. If the compound interest (compounded yearly) on a certain sum for 2 years at 3% is Rs.101.50 then
what will be the corresponding simple interest?
A. Rs.98.25 B. Rs.100.00 C. Rs.90.00 D. Rs.95.50

4. If the compound interest on a sum of Rs.5000 at the rate of 10% per annum is Rs.1655, then time period
is (interest compounded yearly):
𝟏
A. 1 Year B. 2 Years C. 3 Years D. 2 Years
𝟐

𝟏
5. Compound interest of Rs. 4000 at 10% p.a. for 1 years will be (interest compounded half yearly).
𝟐
A. Rs. 630.5 B. Rs. 625 C. Rs. 650 D. Rs. 675

6. What is the difference between compound interest on Rs.3000 for 2 years at 5% p.a. when interest is
compounded yearly and compound interest on the same sum and for the same term except that it is
compounded half yearly?
A. Rs.3.93 B. Rs.30 C. Rs.15.3 D. Rs.41.28 E. 1

7. There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple interest. What will be the compound interest
of Rs. 10,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
A. Rs. 3420 B. Rs. 3120 C. Rs. 3310 D. Rs. 3240

8. If the ratio of difference between CI and SI for 3 years and 2 years is 31:10, then find the Rate of Interest.
A. 11.11% B. 10% C. 20% D. 25% E. None of these

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Topic 11: AVERAGE, MIXTURE, ALLIGATION

TOPIC 11
AVERAGE, MIXTURE,
ALLIGATION
1. Determine the average of the following data: 45, 50, 33, 22, 15.
A. 32 B. 33 C. 34 D. 35
Solution
45 , 50 , 33 , 22 , 15
+15 +20 +3 −8 −15 15
Average=30 + = 30 + = 30 + 3 = 33
5 5

2. Determine the average of the following data: 127, 63, 81, 44, 95.
A. 72 B. 75 C. 79 D. 82
Solution
127 , 63 , 81 , 44 , 95
57 −7 +11 −26 +25
Average= 70 +
5
60
= 70 + = 70 + 12 = 82
5

3. Determine the average of the following data: 40, 19, 75, 83, 56, 33.
A. 51 B. 61 C. 62 D. 52
Solution
40 , 19 , 75 , 83 , 56 , 33
−10 −31 +25 +33 +6 −17 6
Average=50+ = 50 + = 51
6 6

4. Find the average of scores of the tests taken by Ram, given his scores were 92,94,88,89,91,90,86,90.
Solution
92 94 88 89 91 90 86 90
(+2 +4 −2 −1 +1 +0 −4 +0) 0
Avg score = 90+ = 90 + = 90
8 8

5. The monthly incomes of Ravi, his wife and their son are Rs 4000, Rs 2000 and Rs 3000 respectively.
What is the average income of the family?
Solution
4000 , 2000 , 3000
9000
⇒ Avg = = 3000
3

6. In a cricket tournament, Kapil played seven games. His scores in these games were 71, 49, 52, 46,
48, 52, 53. Find his average score.
Solution
71 , 49 , 52 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53
[21 −1 +2 −4 −2 +2 +3] 21
Avg = 50 + = 50 + = 53
7 7

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7. Manish purchased three dozen mangoes at Rs 7 per dozen, two dozen at Rs 8.50 and one dozen at Rs
10. What is the average cost per dozen of the mangoes purchased by Manish?
Solution
Type I (3) Type II (2) Type III (1)
7Rs/dozen 8:50 10

7 × 3 + 8.5 × 2+10 × 1
⇒ Avg. cost =
3+2+1
21 + 17 + 10 48
= = = 8 Rs.
6 6

8. The average age of 5 boys is 19 years. A new boy joins them and their average age increase to 20 years.
What is the age of the new boy?
Solution
5 Boys + 1 Boy 6 Boys
Avg (A1) = 19 A2 = 20 yrs
∑ = 19 × 5 ∑ = 120
= 95
95 + Boy’s age = 120
⇒ Boy’s age = 25

9. 7 kg of wheat having a rate of Rs 14 per kg is mixed with 4 kg of wheat having a rate of Rs 8.50. what is
the average rate per kg of the mixture?
Solution
I (7 kg) II (4 kg)
14Rs/ kg Rs 8.5/kg

14 × 7+8.5 × 4 132
Avg. rate of mixture = = = Rs 12 per kg
7+4 11

10. A batsman scored an average of 55 runs in the first 6 test. If the first test is not counted and the 7 th is
counted then his average score goes to 57. Find the score in the 7th test match.
Solution
6 tests change 6 tests
-1st Test
Avg A1 = 55 runs. Avg = 57
+7 Test
th

∑ = 55 × 6 ∑ = 342
= 330 runs.
⇒ 330 – 1st + 7th = 342
50
⇒ 7th = 62

11. The average marks of three sections in 10th class were 76, 79 and 80 respectively. If the number of
students in these three sections were 70, 60 and 55 respectively, find the average marks of the 10th
class.
Solution
Class 10th = section A, B, C
A (70) B (60) C (55)
76 79 80

76 × 70 + 79 × 60 + 80 × 55
Avg =
70+60+55
OR
[1 × 70 + 4 × 60 + 5 × 55]
Avg = 75 +
70+60+55

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Topic 11: AVERAGE, MIXTURE, ALLIGATION

12. The sales recorded by a salesman in 6 days of a week are follows: Rs 20000 per day for the first
three days, Rs 16000 on Thursday, and Rs 24000 on Friday and on Saturday, it was Rs 30,000. Find
his average sales per day.
Solution
sum of sales
Avg. sales per day =
No of days
(20000 × 3) + 16000 + 24000 + 30000 130000
= = = 21667 (Approx.)
6 6

13. Shrikant earned an average of Rs 1600 per month from January to June. Then he earned Rs 1500,
Rs 1800, Rs 1900 and Rs 2150 respectively during the months July, through October. During
November, he earned 50 % of what he earned in December. If his average earnings in the month of
November is 50% of the earnings in December, then find his earning in the month of November.
Solution
First 6 months July to October Nov Dec

1600 x 6 + 1500+1800+1900+2150 + x + 2x
Avg = = 1600
12
⇒ 19200 = 9600 + 7350 + 3x
Nov Dec
2250
⇒ x= ⇒ 750 Rs 1500 Rs
3

14. The average age of a group of friends is 34 years. If 5 new friends with an average age of thirty years
join the group, the average of the entire group becomes 32 years. How many people were there in
the group initially?
Solution N1 + 5
Group I (N1) Group II (5) Group (I + II)
A1 = 34 years A2 = 30 years A3 = 32
∑ = 34 N1 ∑ =150 ∑ = 32 (N1 + 5)

⇒ 34 N1 + 150 = 32 (N1 + 5)
⇒ 2 N1 = 10 ⇒ N1 = 5

15. If 20 kg of wheat costing Rs 16 per kg is mixed with 16 kg of a second variety of wheat costing Rs
25/kg then what is the average cost of the resulting mixture?
Solution
Type I (20 kg) Type II (16 kg)
Rs 16 / kg Rs 25 / kg

16 × 20 + 25 × 16
⇒ Avg. price = = 20 Rs/kg
20 + 16

16. If two kinds of grapes costing Rs 16 a kg and Rs 21 a kg are mixed in the ratio of 2:3 then find the
cost of mixture per kg.
Solution 2 : 3
Type I Type II
Rs. 16 per kg Rs. 21 per kg

16 × 2 + 21 × 3
⇒ Rate of mixture = = Rs 19 per kg
2+ 3

17. If 15 liters of 20% alcohol is mixed with 12 liters of 24% alcohol, then find the concentration of the
resulting solution.
Solution Type I (15 ltr) Type II (12 ltr)
20 % alcohol 24 % alcohol

20 × 15 + 24 × 12 588 7
⇒ Concentration = = = 21 %
15 + 12 27 9

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18. How many kilograms of rice costing Rs 16 per kg must be mixed with 24 kg of rice costing Rs 12 per kg
so that the resultant mixture costs Rs 13 per kg?
Solution 24 kg
Dearer (N1) Cheaper (N2)
16 Rs/kg 12 Rs/kg

13 Rs/kg

13-12 = 1 16-13 = 3
1 N1
⇒ =
3 24
⇒ N1 = 8 kg

19. There is a 40-liter solution of milk and water in which milk forms 72%. How much water must be added
to the solution to make it a solution in which milk forms 60%?
Solution
Solution 1 (40 ltr) Solution 2 (pure water = Let x)
Milk = 72% 0% Milk
Water = 28%

Mix
60% Milk
40% water

60-0 = 60 72 - 60= 12
⇒ 5 : 1
5 40
⇒ =
1 x
⇒ x = 8 ltr.

20. Two vessels contain mixtures of milk and water in the ratio of 4:9 in the first vessel and in the ratio of
2: 7 in the second. In what ratio should the contents of these two vessels be mixed such that the resulting
mixture has milk and water in the ratio of 2: 5?
Solution

Vessel 1 Vessel 2
Milk : Water Milk : Water
4 2
4 : 9 M= 4/(9+4) = 2:7 M = 2/(7+2) =
13 9

Mixture
Milk : Water
2
2:5 M = 2/(5+2) =
7

4 2
13 9

2
7

2 2 4 2 2
(7 − 9) (13 − 7) = 91
4 2
:
63 91
4 2
:
7×9 13 × 7
⇒ 52 : 18 = 26 : 9

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Topic 11: AVERAGE, MIXTURE, ALLIGATION

21. In what ratio should Hanuman mix two varieties of Barley costing Rs 20 and Rs 24 per kg so that
by selling it at Rs 27.60 per kg, hanuman makes a profit of 20%?
Solution
Barley I (N1) Barley II (N2)
20 Rs/kg 24 Rs/kg

+20% P
Avg. costing 27.60 Rs/kg
23 Rs/kg ⇒ 120% ⇒ 27.60
27.60
1% =
120
2760
1 : 3 100% =
120

= 23 Rs/kg
⇒ N1 : N2 = 1:3

</DIY/>

1. The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg. If the average weight of A and B be 40 kg and that of B and
C be 43 kg, then the weight of B is
A. 17 kg B. 20 kg C. 26 kg D. 31 kg

2. There are three sections of a class in a school. The number of students in the three sections is 38,
42 and 40 and the average age of the students in these sections separately is 15.3 years, 16.5 years
and 15.9 years respectively. What is the average age of the class?
A. 15.22 years B. 15.92 years C. 15 years D. 15.11 years

3. The average score of boys in an examination in a school is 71 and that of the girls is 73. The average
score of the school is 71.8. The ratio of the number of boys to that of the girls that appeared in the
examination is
A. 1 : 2 B. 3 : 2 C. 2 : 2 D. 4 : 2

4. The average of 11 numbers is 10.9. If the average of the first six is 10.5 and that of the last six is
11.4, the sixth number is?
A. 11.4 B. 11.5 C. 11.0 D. 11.3

5. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 10 D. 19

6. The average salary of 3 workers is 95 Rs. per week. If one earns Rs.115 and second earns Rs.65,
how much is the salary of the 3rd worker.
A. 285 B. 150 C. 105 D. 104

7. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number of
visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is:
A. 250 B. 276 C. 280 D. 285

8. The average weight of 8 persons increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of
them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?
A. 76 kg B. 76.5 kg C. 85 kg D. Data inadequate

9. Average weight of 3 men A, B and C is 80 kg. Another man D joins the group and the average now
becomes 75 kg. If another man E, whose weight is 2 kg more than that of D, replaces A then the
average weight of B, C, D and E becomes 77 kg. The weight of A is:
A. 54 kg B. 60 kg C. 52 kg D. 64 kg.

10. If the average of 10% of a number, 25% of that number, 50% of that number and 75% of that is 24,
then the number will be
A. 50 B. 80 C. 70 D. 60

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TOPIC 12
TIME AND DISTANCE
1. An athlete runs 200m in 24 sec. His speed is:
A. 20 kmph B. 24 kmph C. 28.5 kmph D. 30 kmph
Solution
Distance 200 200 18
Speed = = m/s = × = 30 kmph
Time 24 24 5

2. Albert is travelling on his cycle & has calculated to reach, point A at 2p.m. if he travels at 10 kmph. He
will reach there at 12 noon if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed must he travel to reach A at 1 p.m.
A. 6 kmph B. 11 kmph C. 12 kmph D. 14 kmph
Solution
Case 1 Case 2
D D
t1 t2
S1 = 10 kmph S2 = 15 kmph
Reach 2 pm Reach 12 noon
Sx 15 × 10
D = (t_) =2×
S_ 5
= 60 km
60 60
t1 = = 6 hr t2 = = 4 hr
10 15
To reach at 1 p.m.
Time taken should be = 5 hrs
D = 60 km
60
Speed required = = 12 kmph
5

3. Virat travelled 75km in the 7 hrs. He went some distance at the rate the rate of 12 kmph and the rest at
10 kmph. How far did he travel at the rate of 12 kmph?
A. 30 km B. 25 km C. 40 km D. 35 km
Solution
D 75 – D
12 kmph 10 kmph
D 75−D
+ =7
12 10
5D+450−6D
=7
60
⇒ D = 30 km

4. A person travelled by train for 1 hr at 50 kmph. He then travelled by taxi for 30 minutes at a speed of
32 kmph to complete his journey. What is the average speed at which he travelled during the journey?
A. 44 kmph B. 42 kmph C. 41 kmph D. 33 kmph
Solution
Total distance 50+16 66
Avg. speed = = = × 2 = 44 kmph
Total time 1+0.5 3

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Topic 12: TIME AND DISTANCE

5. A car covers four successive 6km stretches at speeds of 25kmph, 50 kmph, 75kmph and 150mkph
respectively. Its average speed over this distance is:
A. 25 kmph B. 50 kmph C. 75 kmph D. 50 kmph
Solution
Total distance
Avg. speed =
Total time

25 kmph 50kmph 75kmph 150kmph

6t1 3t1 2t1 t1
6km 6km 6km 6km
4 × 150 t1
⇒ Avg. speed = = 50 kmph
12t1

6. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppage, it is 45kmph. For how
many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
A. 9 min B. 10 min C. 12 min D. 20 min D. None of these
Solution
Excluding stoppages Including stoppages
54km ➔ 1 hr 45km ➔ 1 hr
⇒ 45km + 9 km ➔ 1hr
⇒ Stoppage time = Time taken to cover 9km at 54 kmph
1
= 9/54 = 1/6 hr = × 60 min = 10 min
6

7. A thief steals a car at 2:30pm and drives at 60kmph. The theft is discovered at 3p.m. and the owner
sets off in another car at 75 kmph. When will he catch the thief?
A. 4.30 p.m. B. 5.15 p.m. C. 4.45 p.m. D. 5:00 p.m.
Solution
Distance travelled by thief (from 2:30 to 3:00 pm)
1
= 60 kmph × hr = 30 km
2
Distance to cover to catch the thief
Time taken to catch the thief (after 3 pm) =
Relative speed
30 km
= = 2 hr ⇒ 3 pm + 2 hrs ⇒ 5pm
75−60 kmph

8. Kartik rides his bicycle at 8 kmph and reaches his school 2.5 minutes late. The next day, he
increases his speed to 10 kmph and reaches the school 5 minutes early. How far is the school from
his house?
A. 5/8 km B. 8 km C. 5 km D. 10 km
Solution
First day Second day
D D
S1 = 8kmph S2 = 10 kmph
2.5 min late 5 min early
Sx 7.5 8 × 10
D = (t_) = ×
S_ 60 2
15 8 × 10
= × = 5 km
2 × 60 2

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9. If I walk at 30 kmph, I reach 1 hour early and if I walk 20 kmph, I reach 1 hour late. Find the distance
between 2 points and if exact time of reaching destination is 11 a.m., then find the speed at which I
should walk?
A. 125 km and 24 kmph B. 120 km and 30 kmph
C. 120 km and 20 kmph D. 120 km and 24 kmph
Solution
Sx 20 × 30
D = (t_) =2× = 120km
S_ 10
120 km To reach 11a.m.
30 kmph Time = 4 hrs t = 5 hr
1 hr early ⇒ reach 10am D = 120 km
120
S= = 24 kmph
5

10. A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 200m. The thief and policeman running at the rate
of 10 kmph and 11 kmph respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 minutes?
A. 50 m B. 100 m C. 110 m D. 150 m
Solution
Police 200m Thief

11 kmph 10 kmph
In 6 min,
Distance covered = Relative speed x 6 min
6
Police has come = 1 kmph × hr
60
closer to thief 1
by a distance of = km = 100 m
10
⇒ Remaining distance between them after 6 minutes = 200 – 100 = 100 m

11. A train running at the speed of 60 km/hr crosses a pole in 9 seconds. What is the length of the train?
A. 120 m B. 180 m C. 324 m D. 150 m
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the pole = LTrain
Speed of train = 60 kmph
5
= 60 × m/s
18
Time taken to cross = 9 sec
5
⇒ LTrain = 60 × ×9
18
= 150 m

12. A 600m long train is running at 73 kmph. How much time train will take to cross an electric pole?
A. 29.58 sec B. 28.58 sec C. 29 sec D. 28 sec E. None of these
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the pole = Length of the train
= 600m
5
Speed = 73 kmph = 73 × m/s
18
D 600 × 18 2160
t= = = = 29.58 sec
S 73 × 5 73

13. A 120m long train is running at 72 kmph. How much time train will take to cross a man standing on
the platform?
A. 6 sec B. 2.5 sec C. 5 sec D. 12 sec
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the man = Length of the train= 120m, Speed = 72 kmph = 20 m/s
D 120
⇒ Time taken to cross the man = = = 6 sec
S 20

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Topic 12: TIME AND DISTANCE

14. A train 360m long is running at a speed of 45 kmph. In what time will it pass a bridge 140m long?
A. 40 sec B. 42 sec C. 45 sec D. 48 sec
Solution
Train Bridge
360m 140m
45 kmph 0 kmph

D=Sxt
5
⇒ (360+140)m = 45 × m/sec × t
18
⇒ t = 40 sec

15. Two trains are running at 40 km/hr and 20 km/hr respectively in the same direction. Fast train
completely passes a man sitting in the slower train in 5 seconds. What is the length of the fast train?
𝟕 𝟒
A. 27 m B. 33 m C. 27 m D. 23 m
𝟗 𝟗
Solution
Distance to travel to cross the man = LFast train
= x (let)
Relative speed of man & train = (40 – 20) kmph
5
= 20 × m/sec
18
Time = 5 sec
D=SxT
5
⇒ x = 20 × ×5
18
250 7
= m = 27 m
9 9

16. Two trains 400m and 300m long are running at the speeds of 50 km/hr and 40 km/hr respectively
in opposite directions on parallel tracks. The time taken to cross each other will be_______?
A. 20 sec B. 28 sec C. 25 sec D. 24 sec E. None of these
Solution
Distance to travel to cross each other = LTrain1 + LTrain2
= 400 + 300
= 700 m
Relative speed (opposite directions) = (50 + 40) kmph = 90 kmph
= 25 m/sec
D 700
Time taken to cross = = = 28 sec
S 25

17. Two trains of lengths 400m and 600m respectively are running in same direction. The faster train
can cross the slower train in 180 sec. The speed of slower train is 48 kmph, then find the speed of
the faster train?
A. 58 kmph B. 78 kmph C. 55 kmph D. 68 kmph
Solution
T1 T2
LT1 = 400m LT2 = 600m
S = 48kmph Let VT2 kmph

D = R.S x t
5
(400 + 600) = (VT2 – 48) × 180 ×
18
100 = (VT2 – 48) × 5
⇒ VT2 = 20 + 48 = 68 kmph

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18. Two trains of each 100m long, moving in opposite directions cross each other in 8 sec. If one is moving
twice as fast the other, then find the speed of the faster train?
A. 30 kmph B. 60 kmph C. 30 kmph D. 30 kmph
Solution
T1 T2
100m 100m
2v kmph let v kmph

D = R.S × t
5
(200) = (2v + v) × ×8
18
3v
⇒5=
18
⇒ v = 30 kmph
⇒ Speed of faster train = 2v = 2 × 30 = 60 kmph

19. A train passes a station platform in 36 seconds and a man standing on the platform in 20 seconds. If
the speed of the train is 54 kmph. What is the length of the platform?
A. 120 m B. 240 m C. 300 m D. None of these
Solution
Case-1 Case-2
T Platform T Man on Platform

LT LP LT L=0
54 kmph 0 m/sec S = 15 m/s S=0
= 15 m/sec
t = 36 sec t = 20 sec
D=S×T ⇒D=S×T
LT + Lp = 15 × 36 = 540 ⇒ LT = 15 × 20
⇒ 300 + Lp = 540 = 300m
⇒ Lp = 240 m

20. Two trains for Palwal leave Kanpur at 10 a.m. and 10 : 30 a.m. and travel at the speeds of 60 kmph and
75 kmph respectively. How far from Kanpur will the two trains meet?
A. 250 km B. 150 km C. 100 km D. 200 km
Solution
T1 , 10 a.m., 60 kmph

T2 , 10:30 a.m., 75 kmph

From 10am to 10:30 (1/2 hr) After 10:30 p.m.
T1 moving but T2 is not. Both T1 and T2 moving
Distance travelled by T1 = ST1 × t Kanpur (30 km)
= 60 × ½
T1
= 30 km T2
D = R.S x t
30 = (75 – 60) kmph × t
⇒ t = 2 hrs.

Distance of meeting point = Distance travelled by T2 train in 2 hrs = 75 kmph × 2 = 150 km

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Topic 12: TIME AND DISTANCE

21. Two stations A and B are 110 km apart on a straight line. One train starts from A at 7 a.m. and travels
towards B at 20 kmph. Another train from B at 8 a.m. and travels towards A at a speed of 25 kmph.
At what time will they meet?
A. 10 a.m. B. 11 a.m. C. 10 p.m. D. 11 p.m.
Solution
A 110 Km B

TA TB
7:00 a.m. 8 a.m.
20 kmph 25 kmph
From 7a.m. to 8 a.m. (1hr) After 8 a.m.
TA is moving, TB is not TA TB
DA = SA × t A 20 km A1 90km B
= 20 kmph × 1 hr
= 20 km
TA TB
A A 1 B D = R.S × tmeet
90 km = (20 + 25) kmph × tmeet
20 km 90 km
TA TB tmeet = 2 hr
Meeting time = 8 a.m. + 2 hr = 10 a.m.

22. Train A starts from Meerut at 12:00 pm & reach Delhi at 2:30 pm & train B starts from Delhi at
12:15 pm and reach Meerut at 2:15 pm. At what time both trains meet each other?
A. 2:00 pm B. 1:30 pm C. 1:15 pm D. 1:00 pm
Solution
Meerut Let D=10x km Delhi

TA tA = 2.5 hrs SA = D/2.5 = 4x kmph

12:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m.
TB

tB = 2 hrs SA = D/2 = 10x/2 = 5x kmph

2:15 p.m. 12:15 p.m.
From 12 p.m. to 12:15 p.m. After 12:15 p.m.
t = 15 min = ¼ hr

DA = SA × t M x M1 A1
DA = 4x. (1/4)
= x km 9x
TA TB
M M1 D D = R.S x tmeet
X 9X
9x = (4x + 5x) kmph × tmeet
TB tmeet = 9x/9x = 1hr
Meeting time = 12:15 pm + 1 hr = 1: 15 pm

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23. Two stations A and B are 110 km apart on a straight line. One train starts from A at 7 a.m. and travels
towards B at 20 kmph. Another train from B at 8 a.m. and travels towards A at a speed of 25 kmph. At
what time will they meet?
A. 10 a.m. B. 11 a.m. C. 10 p.m. D. 11 p.m.
Solution
A 110 km B

Train A 20 kmph
20 km
7 a.m. Train B
25 kmph 8 a.m.
From 7 a.m. to 8 a.m. (only Train A is moving)
Distance covered in this 1hr = 20 kmph × 1 hr = 20 km
After 8 a.m. (Both trains are moving)
Distance to travel to meet = Remaining distance b/w them
= 110 – 20 = 90 km
Relative speed = (20 + 25) kmph
Time taken to meet = 90/45 = 2 hr
Time of meet = 8 a.m. + 2 hr
= 10a.m.

24. A man can row a distance of 5 km in 60 min with the help of the tide. The direction of the tide reverses
with the same speed. Now, he travels 20 km further in 10 hours. How much time he would have saved
if the direction of tide has not changed?
A. 5 hrs B. 6 hrs C. 12 hrs D. None of these
Solution
With the help of tide (i.e. down the stream)
5 km in 60 min
⇒5 km in 1 hr
⇒ downstream speed = 5 kmph
Direction of tide reversed (i.e. upstream)
20 kmph in 10 hr
⇒ upstream speed = 2 kmph
If the direction has not changed then 20 km would be travelled downstream instead of upstream in 20/5 = 4
hrs instead of 10 hrs
⇒ Time saved = 10 – 4 = 6 hrs

25. Rakesh runs 4/3 times as fast as Mukesh. In a race, if Rakesh gives a lead of 60 m to Mukesh, find the
distance from the starting point where both of them will meet.
Solution
4
Speed of Rakesh = speed of Mukesh
3
Rakesh runs 4m Mukesh runs 3m
⇒ Rakesh takes 1m lead
Now, to meet Mukesh again, Rakesh has to take a lead of 60m.
⇒ Rakesh runs Mukesh runs
4m × 60 3m × 60
=240m =180m
Lead of 60m Ans.

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Topic 12: TIME AND DISTANCE

26. A hare and a tortoise have a race along a circle of 100 yards diameter. The tortoise goes in one
direction and the Hare in the other. The hare starts after the tortoise has covered ¼ of its distance
and that too leisurely. The hare and tortoise meet when the hare has covered only 1/8 of the
distance. By what factor should the hare increase its speed so as to tie the race?
A. 37.8 B. 28 C. 40 D. 35
Solution
Hare Tortoise
Let 8 km
Snapshot 1
Hare ¼ of 8km
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Snapshot 2 Tortoise = 2km
Tortoise

>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<<<<<
1km 5km
Hare Snapshot 3

Comparison:
Hare Tortoise
Distance 1km 5km
Time t t
Speed v 5v (Since speed is proportional to distance if time is
constant)
To tie the race
Hare Tortoise
Distance remaining: 7km 1km
t t (They should take same time to tie race)
7 1
Speed = 5v =
t t
1
=7 ( )
t
= 7 (5v) = 35v
Hence, speed of hare should become 35 times of original.

27. In a race of 1000 metre, A beats B by 50m or 5 seconds. Find (I) A's speed (ii) B's speed (iii) time
taken by A to complete the race.
Solution
L = 1000m A > B
A beats B by 50 m VA > VB
A B
1000 m 1000-50 m = 950 m ‘ t1 ’
Va Vb
A beats B by 5 sec. A

B
50
⇒ Vb = = 10 m/s
5
1000
⇒ tb = = 100 s 50 m or 5 sec
10
DαS
1000 Va
⇒ =
950 Vb
1000 Va
⇒ =
950 10
1000 200
⇒ Va = = m/s
95 19
1000
⇒ ta = × 19 = 19 × 5 = 95 sec
200

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28. In 1500 metre race, Tinu beats Minu by 150m and in the same race Minu beats Rinu by 75m. By what
distance does Tinu beat Rinu?
Solution
V1 V2 V3
Tinu Minu Rinu
(i) 1500 1350 X t1
(ii) 1500 1425m t2

Speed α distance sαd

V2 1350 V2 1500
= =
V3 X V3 1425
1350 1500 1350 135 [20−1] 2700−135
⇒ = ⇒X= × 1425 = =
X 1425 1500 2 2
2565
= = 1282.5 m ⇒ Tinu beats Rinu by (1500 – 1282.5 = 217.5 m)
2

</DIY/>

1. A car travels at a speed of 60 km/h and returns with a speed of 40 km/h, calculate the average speed
for the whole journey.
A. 48 kmph B. 38kmph C. 32 kmph D. 16 kmph

2. A man travels three-fifths of distance AB at a speed of 3a, and the remaining at a speed of 2b, if he goes
from A to B and back at a speed of 5c in the same time, then
A. 1/a + 1/b = 1/c B. a + b = c C. 1/a + 1/b = 2/c D. None of these

3. The air-conditioned bus service from Siruseri industry park runs at regular intervals throughout the
day. It is now 3:12 pm and it arrived 1 minute ago but it was 2 minutes late. The next bus is due at 3:18
pm. When is the next bus due?
A. 3:27 pm B. 3:29 pm C. 3:24 pm D. 3:25 pm

4. A truck covers a distance of 376 km at a certain speed in 8 hours. How much time would a car take at
an average speed which is 18 kmph more than that of the speed of the truck to cover a distance which
is 14 km more than that travelled by the truck?
A. 7 hours B. 5 hours C. 6 hours D. 8 hours

5. A and B are running around a circular track of 1000m at speeds of 10kmph and 8kmph respectively in
opposite directions. If they started at the same time and from the same starting point, then after how
much time will they meet again?
A. 100 seconds B. 80 seconds C. 125 seconds D. 200 seconds

6. A man can row downstream at 18 kmph and upstream at 10 kmph. Find the speed of the man in still
water and the speed of stream respectively?
A. 13, 3 B. 12, 6 C.15, 3 D. 14, 4

7. Two cars namely A and B start simultaneously from a certain place at the speed of 40 kmph and 55
kmph, respectively. The car B reaches the destination 2 hours earlier than A. What is the time taken by
A to reach the destination?
A. 8 hours 12 min B. 6 hours 15 min C. 7 hours 20 min D. 7 hours 12 min

8. Virat travelled 60 kms in 5 hours. He went some distance at the rate of 12 km/hr and the rest at 10
km/hr. How far did he travel at the rate of 12 km/hr?
A. 36 kms B. 25 kms C. 40 kms D. 35 kms.

9. A man rows his boat 85 km downstream and 45 km upstream, taking 2.5 hours each time. Find the
speed of the stream?
A.5 kmph B.6 kmph C.7 kmph D.8 kmph

10. A man can row with a speed of 15 kmph in still water. If the stream flows at 5 kmph, then the speed in
downstream is?
A. 10 kmph B. 5 kmph C.20 kmph D. 22 kmph

#Code with KodNest Page | 63

Topic 13: TIME AND WORK

TOPIC 13
TIME AND WORK
1. Daniel can do some work in 12 hrs; Roy can do the same work in 10 hrs while Hari can do the same
work in 15 hrs. All three of them start working together at 9 a.m. while Daniel stops working at 11
a.m. and the remaining two complete the work. Approximately, at what time will the work be
finished?
A. 1:30 pm B. 12:30 am C. 2:00 pm D. 1:00 pm
Solution
Total work = 60 60

5+6+4 = 15
15×2=30 R.W. = 60-30 = 30

15 6+4 = 10
60 60 60
=5 =6 =4
12 10 15
DRH R+H
Daniel(D) Roy (R) Hari(H) DRH 9am to 11 pm 30/10=3hrs
12 hrs. 10hrs 15 hrs.
2 hrs. So, 11am + 3hrs=2pm

2. Aravind can dig a well in 24 days. Mani can dig the same well in 36 days. Aravind, Mani and Hari can
dig the same well working together in 8 days. Hari, working alone, can dig the same well in how
many days?
A. 12 days B. 18 days C. 16 days D. 24 days
Solution
Total work = 72

72/24=3 72/36=2 72/8=9 9-3-2 = 4

Aravind(A) Mani (M) AMH Hari

24 days 36 days 8 days 72/4=18 days

𝟏
3. There are 3 trucks A, B and C. A loads at the rate of 10kg/min and B loads at the rate of 13 kg/min.
𝟑
C unloads at the rate of 5kg/min. If all the 3 trucks are acting simultaneously, find the time taken to
load 2.4 tonnes.
A. 120.81min B. 130.91min C. 240 min D. 100min
Solution
Total work = 2400

10+(40/3)-5 = 55/3
10 -5
13+1/3
=40/3

A B C ABC
2400
= 1440/11 =130.91 min
55/3

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4. A and B together can complete a work in 12 days. A alone can complete it in 20 days. If B does the work
only for half a day daily, then in how many days A and B together will complete the work?
A. 10 days B. 11 days B. 15 days D. 20 days
Solution
Total work = 60

5 3 5-3=2 1 3+1=4

A+B A B (full day) B (half day) A+B1/2

12 days 20 days 60/2=30 days 60 days 60/4=15

5. A can complete a piece of work in 8 hours, B can complete in 10 hours and C in 12 hours. If A, B, C start
the work together but A leaves after 2 hours. Find the time taken by B and C to complete the remaining
work.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
A. 2 hours B. 4 hours C. 2 hours D. 2 hours
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Total work = 120 120

37×2=74 R.W. = 120-74 = 46

120/8 120/10 120/12

15+10+12 12+10
=15 =12 =10
=37 = 22

ABC B+C
A B C
8 hrs. 10hrs 12 hrs. 2 hrs. 46/22 = 2
1
hrs
11

6. A does 4/5th of work in 20 days. He then calls in B and they together finish the remaining work in 3 days.
How long B alone would take to do the whole work?
A. 37 days B. 37.5 days C. 35 days D. None of these
Solution
From diagram 1 and 2,
A×20 3(A+B) 4/5W
= A 20 days
4W/5 1W/5
2A=3B 1/5W
From diagram 1 and 3, A+B 3 days
A×20 Bt
=W W
4W/5 B t days
25A = Bt
A 3
t=25 = 25× = 37.5 days
B 2

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Topic 13: TIME AND WORK

7. A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days. A having worked for 16 days, B finishes the
remaining work alone in 44 days. In how many days shall B finish the whole work alone?
A. 30 days B. 40 days C. 60 days D. 70 days
Solution
A+B W 30 days ------ 1
A 16 days
W1 ------ 2
B 44 days
W2
B t days ------ 3
W
From diagram 1 and 2,
W 1 + W2 = W
16A + 44B = 30(A+B)
A=B
From diagram 1 and 3,
(A + B) 30 = Bt
(2B) 30=Bt
t = 60

8. Amit wants to make a 1000 m long wall within 50 days. He made a decision to hire 56 men however,
after 27 days, Amit realized that team was only able to make 448m of wall. Find out the additional
number of men that Amit should employ as a means of finishing the work on the stipulated time.
A. 35 B. 49 C. 25 D. 52
Solution
Deadline: 50 days
Total work = 1000m
448m
56M First 27 days

552m
X men Last 23 days
56×27 23X
=
448 552
X = 81
Additional men required = 81-56 = 25

9. 15 Men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take
for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?
A. 30 B. 20 C. 19 D. 29
Solution W
15M 21 days (8hrs per day) = 21× 8 hrs.
W
21W x days (6hrs each) = 6x hrs.
From the diagrams, we can write
15M × 21 × 8 = 21W (6x)
Substituting 3M=2W i.e. 15M=10W, we get
x = 30 days

10. 10 women can complete a work in 7 days and 10 children take 14 days to complete the work. How
many days will 5 women and 10 children take to complete the work?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D.7
Solution
10W W
=20C 7 days
W 10W.7 = 10C.14
10C 14 days 1W = 2C
5W+10C W
t days
=20C
From diagram 2 and 3, we can write
10C.14=(5W+10C) t
Substituting 1W = 2C, we get
10C.14=20C.t ⇒ t = 7

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11. 16 men can complete a work in 12 days. 24 children can complete the same work in 18 days. 12 men
and 8 children started working and after 8 days, 3 more children joined them. How many days will they
now take to complete the remaining work?
A. 2 days B. 4 days C. 6 days D. 8 days
Solution
16M W 12 days 16M.12=24C.18
W
24C 18 days 4M=9C
W1 12M=27C
12M+8C 8 days
=35C
12M+8C+3C W2
t days
=38C
From diagram 2 and 3, we can write
W = W 1 + W2
24C × 18 = 35C × 8 + 38C × t
Solving this, we get
t=4

11. 2 men and 3 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 3 men and 2 boys can do the same work in 8
days. In how many days can 2 men and 1 boy do the work?
A. 5 days B. 12 days. C. 12.5 days D. None of these
Solution
2M + 3B W 10 days 10(2M+3B) = 8(3M+2B)
W 4M=14B
3M + 2B 8 days 2M=7B
W t days
2M+1B
=8B
From diagram 1 and 3, we can write
10(2M+3B) = 8B.t
10(7B+3B) = 8Bt
t = 12.5 days

12. A can do a certain work in 12 days. B is 60% more efficient than A. How many days does B alone take to
do the same job?
A. 6 days. B. 7.5 days. C. 8 days. D. 8 days.
Solution
W
A 12 days
W
B t days
Given,
B = 160% of A
⇒ 5B = 8A
From the diagram, we can write
12A = Bt
A 5
t = 12× = 12 × = 7.5 days.
B 8

13. To finish a piece of work, P takes five times as Q and six times as R. Working together, they can finish
the work in 4 days. Q can do the work alone in:
A. 24 days B. 48/5 days C. 13 days D. 11 days
Solution
Q = 5P and R = 6P
P+Q+R W
4 days
=P+5P+6P=12P
W
Q=5P t days
From the diagrams, we can write
12P.4 = 5P.t
t = 48/5 days

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Topic 13: TIME AND WORK

14. A is 6 times as fast as B and takes 100 days less to complete a work than B. Find the total no. of days
taken by A and B to complete the work.
A. 172/7 days B. 120/7 days C. 121/7 days D. None of these
Solution
W t days
A
6t-t=100
W
B 6t days t = 20
W x days
A+B
Given,
A = 6B
From diagram 1 and 3, we can write
At = (A+B)x
6Bt = 7Bx
6t =7x
x = 120/7 days

15. A is 30% more efficient than B. Working together, how much time will they take to complete a job
which A alone could have done in 23 days?
𝟏
A. 13 days B. 15 days C. 23 days D. None of these
𝟏𝟐
Solution W
A 23 days Given, A = 130% of B
W
A+B t days B = 10A/13
From the diagrams, we can write
23A = t(A+B)
10
23A = t(A+ A)
13
t = 13 days

16. Hanuman can complete a bridge in 10 days and Ravan can complete the same bridge in 20 days.
Now, they are working together and they are completing the bridge in 20 days. What is the
contribution of Ravan in constructing the bridge?
A. Half the work B. One-third of the work
C. Two-fourth of the bridge D. Destructing the bridge
Solution
W
HANUMAN 10 days

If someone helps Hanuman, time taken by Hanuman will become less than 10 days.
If someone joins Hanuman but don’t do any work, then time taken by Hanuman will remain same.
If someone is destroying the work done by Hanuman, time taken by Hanuman will become more than 10
days.
As per question,
HANUMAN W
20 days (more than 10)
+ RAVAN
Ravan is not helping but obstructing or destroying the work done by Hanuman. Ravan is destructing the
bridge.

17. A task can be completed by D and E within 12 days if they worked together. E and F however, can
complete within period of 20 days. If three of them agree to work together, then how many days
will be required to complete the task?
A. 20 B. 40 C. 50 D. None of these
Solution
D+E W 12 days
E+F W
20 days
W
D+E+F t days
In this question, 3 persons are there and only 2 information given. Therefore, whatever we do, we cannot
find the answer as the data is inadequate.

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18. A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone in 8 days. A and B undertook to do it for Rs 3200.
With the help of C, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is to be paid to C?
A. Rs. 375 B. Rs. 400 C. Rs. 600 D. Rs. 800
Solution
Total work = 24

4 3 8 8-4-3 = 1

A B ABC C
6 days 8 days 3 days

The total amount will be shared between A, B and C in the ratio of the work that they have done.
Ratio of division:
A : B : C
4×3 3×3 1×3
4 : 3 : 1
4x 3x 1x
Now,
4x + 3x + 1x = 3200
x = 400
Share of C = 1x = Rs. 400

</DIY/>

1. Sruthi, Swetha and Swati together can cut 216 Apples of the same size in 3 hours. Number of Apples cut
by Sruthi in 9 hours is same as the number of Apples cut by Swati in 7 hours. In one hour, Swati can cut
as many Apples more than Swetha as Swetha can cut more than Sruthi. Then, the number of Apples cut
by Swetha in one hour?
A. 21 B. 24 C. 27 D. 29

2. If 10 men take 30 days to complete a job, in how many days 25 men complete the job?
A. 10 B. 11 C. 15 D. 12

3. A can complete a piece of work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work together for 4 days, then the
fraction of the work that is left is:
A. 1/4 B. 1/10 C. 7/15 D. 8/15

4. Abhishek starts to paint a fence on one day. On the second day, two more friends of Abhishek join him.
On the third day 3 more friends of him join him and so on. If the fence is completely painted this way in
exactly 20 days, then find the number of days in which 10 girls painting together can paint the fence
completely, given that every girl can paint twice as fast as Abhishek and his friends (Boys)? (Assume
that the friends of Abhishek are all boys).
A. 20 B. 40 C. 45 D. 77

5. George can do some work in 8 hours: Paul can do some work in 10 hours while Hari can do the same
work in 12 hours. All the three of them start working at 9 a.m. while George stops work at 11 a.m. and
the remaining two complete the work. Approximately at what time the work be finished.
A. 11:30 a.m. B. 1 p.m. C. 12 noon D. 12:30 p.m.

6. 2 workers, one young and one old, live together and work in the same office. It takes 20 minutes for the
young man to walk to office. The old man takes 30 minutes for the same distance. When will the young
man catch up with the old man if the old man starts at 10:00 a.m. and the young man start 10:05 a.m.?
A. 11:00 a.m. B. 10:20 a.m. C. 10:10 a.m. D. 10:15 a.m.

#Code with KodNest Page | 69

Topic 14: AREA MENSURATION

TOPIC 14
AREA MENSURATION
1. The dimensions of a certain machine are 48” × 30” × 52”. If the size of the machine is increased
proportionately until the sum of its dimensions equals 156”, what will be the increase in the
shortest side?
Solution
M1: 48” 30” 52” Sum of Dimensions = 48 + 30 + 52 = 130
M1 130
M 2= : 4.8” 3” 5.2” Sum of Dimensions = = 13
10 10
M3 =12M2 36” ___ Sum of Dimensions = 13 × 12 = 156
Change in shortest dimension = 36” – 30” = 6” Ans.

2. A hollow space on earth surface is to be filled. Total cost of filling is Rs.20000. The cost of filling per
m3 is Rs 225. How many times a size of 3 m3 soil is required to fill the hollow space?
Solution
Total cost = Cost per m3 × Volume
⇒ Rs. 20000 = 225 Rs. per m3 × Volume
20000
⇒ Volume = m3
225
Let 3m3 size soil is required K times,
⇒ 3K = Volume
20000
⇒ 3K =
225
800
⇒K= = 29.63 ≈ 30
27
∴ 30 packets of 3m3 soil are required to fill the hollow space.

3. 4 horses are tethered at 4 corners of a square plot of side 63 meters so that they just cannot reach
one another. The area left ungrazed is?
Solution 63
2 Ungrazed area = Area of Square ABCD
A B
I II – Total area of regions I, II, III and IV
63 2
= 632 – π( )
2
= 850.5 m2 Ans.
III 63 IV
C D
63

4. What is the percentage of increase in area of a triangle if its sides are doubled?
Solution
Side (m) Area (m2 )
2 times (Doubled) 22 = 4 times
Aold Anew
X 4X
3X Increase
3X
∴ % inc. = × 100 = 300% Ans.
X

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5. There is a rectangular Garden whose length and width is 60m x 20m.There is a walkway of uniform
width around garden. Area of walkway is 516m2. Find width of walkway?
Solution
A = 60×w
Area of Walkway = 516 m2
A = w2 w A = w2 ⇒ 4w2 + 2(60w) + 2(20w) = 516
⇒ 4w2 + 160w – 516 = 0
w 40m w ⇒ w2 + 40w – 129 = 0
A = 40×w A = 40×w ⇒ w2 + 43w – 3w – 129 = 0
60m
⇒ w(w + 43) – 3(w + 43) = 0
w A = w 2 ⇒ (w – 3) (w + 43) = 0
A = w2
⇒ w = 3 or, w= – 43
Ans.
A = 60×w Width cannot be negative.

6. Two goats are tied with a rope of length 40m outside of a rectangular shed of dimensions 50m×30m.
The goats are tied to different corners which lie on the opposite ends of a diagonal of the shed. What is
the area in which the two goats can eat grass, if they choose not to eat in the common approachable
area?
Solution
Grazed Area = Sum of areas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII & VIII
V VI VII
r = 40 r = 10
1 1
=6[ × π(40) ]+2[ × π(10)
2 2
]
IV 40 10 I 4 4
30
= 2400 π + 50 π
= 2450 π Ans.
VIII III II

7. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5:1. If the area of the rectangle is 216
sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
Solution
Perimeter : Breadth Area = L × B
(2L+2B) : B = 3x . 2x = 6x2
5:1 ⇒ 6x = 216 cm2
2

⇒ x2 = 36 cm2
L:B ⇒ x = 6 cm
3
[ ∶ 1] ∴ L = 3x = 3 × 6 = 18cm Ans.
2
[3 ∶ 2]
If L = 3x then B = 2x

8. Find the cost of fencing around a circular field of diameter 28 m at the rate of Rs 1.50 a meter?
Solution
22
Total Cost of fencing = Rate × Circumference = 1.5 × πd = 1.5 × × 28 = Rs. 132 Ans.
7

9. Ms. Ganesh Mahal, Coimbatore wanted to present each of its customers with a memento rectangle in
size. The mementos were of size 25 x 20 cm. The company requested the carpenter to make it in such a
way that both 25 cm sides should have 24 nails each and the shorter sides should have 10 nails each.
How many decorative nails the carpenter would have used in each memento?
Solution A 24 Nails B A 22 Nails B

Or,
10 Nails 10 Nails 8 Nails 8 Nails

D 24 Nails C D 22 Nails C
Total nails used = (24+24+10+10)-4 = 64 Ans. Total nails used = (22+22+8+8)+4 = 64 Ans.

#Code with KodNest Page | 71

Topic 14: AREA MENSURATION

10. Ramnath and Company was celebrating silver Jubilee celebrations and the authorities wanted to
present a square cardboard memento fitted with decorative pins on all the four sides. They fitted
36 decorative pins with 1 cm distance between any two pins and with equal number of pins when
counted on any side. Find the dimension of the cardboard.
Solution
A B
8 Nails
36–4 corner nails = 32 nails, 8 on each side
⇒ 8 + 2 corner nails = 10 nails on each side.
8 Nails 8 Nails 10 nails mean 9 gaps, each gap is of 1cm.
∴ Length of each side = 9×1cm = 9cm. Ans.

D 8 Nails C

11. A triangle is made from a rope. The sides of the triangle are 21 cm, 24 cm and 28 cm. What will be
the area of the square made from the same rope?
Solution
Length of rope = 21+24+28 = 73cm
⇒ Perimeter of square = 73cm
73
⇒ side of square = cm
4
73 2
⇒Area of square = ( ) = 333.0625 cm2 Ans.
4

12. One man wants to build a wall. The length and breadth of the wall are 20 and 30 cm respectively.
He needs 35 bricks for one square centimeter then how many bricks he needs?
Solution
For 1cm2 35 bricks are needed
For 20 × 30 cm2 20 × 30 × 35 bricks will be needed
= 21000 bricks. Ans.
20
30

13. Raj drives slowly along the perimeter of a rectangular park at 24 kmph and completes one full
round in 4 minutes 30 seconds. If the ratio of the length to the breadth of the park is 5:7, what are
its dimensions?
Solution
L:B
5:7
5x : 7x ⇒ Perimeter = 2(L+B) = 2 × 12x = 24x m
⇒ Perimeter = Speed × Time
5
⇒ 24x = 24 × m/s × 270 sec
18
⇒ x = 75
⇒ L = 5x = 375m and B = 7x = 525m Ans.

14. There is a pool of radius x and there is a pathway around the pool with a width of 4 feet. Find the
radius of the pool if the path area/pool area=11/25.
Solution
Path Area = π(x + 4) 2 - πx 2
Path Area 11 Pool Area 25
x 4 ⇒ = ⇒ =
Pool Area 25 Total Area 36
πx2 25
x+4 ⇒ 2
=
π(x+4) 36
x2 25
⇒ =
(x+4)2 36
x 5
⇒ = ⇒ x = 20 Ans.
𝑥+4 6

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15. A sphere is cut into 4 identical pieces after it was painted. What is the ratio of painted area to the
unpainted area?
Solution
Painted area = Surface area of sphere = 4πr2
Unpainted area = 2πr2 + 2πr2 = 4πr2
Painted Area 4πr2
Ratio = = = 1:1
Unpainted Area 4πr2

16. In a square, all the mid points are joined. The inner square is shaded. If the area of the
square is A, what is the shaded area?
Solution
A a P a B
Area of Square ABCD = (2a)2 = 4a2 = A
𝑎√2 𝑎√2 a
a A
Area of Shaded Square PQRS = (√2a)2 = 2a2 = Ans.
2
S Q
a a
𝑎√2 𝑎√2
D C
a R a

17. A thermal chimney of circular cross section has outer and inner radii of 3m and 2m respectively. Find
the cost of cement finishing for the inner and outer surface at Rs.20per sq. meter, if the height of the
chimney is 56m.
Solution
Height of Chimney = 56m
Outer radius (r1) = 3m
2m 3m
Inner radius (r2) = 2m
Total surface area (Inner + Outer) = 2πr1h + 2πr2h
56m = 2πh (r1 + r2)
22
= 2× ×56(3 + 2)
7
= 2×880 = 1760m2
Cost (Rs.) = Rate (Rs/m2) × Area (m2)
= 20 × 1760
= Rs. 35200 Ans.

18. A store owner is packing small radios into larger boxes that measure 25 in. by 42 in. by 60 in. If the
measurement of each radio is 7 in. by 6 in. by 5 in., then how many radios can be placed in the box?
Solution
Let x radios are there
(Volume of 1 radio).x = Volume of Box
⇒ [7” × 6” × 5”]x = 25” × 42” × 60”
⇒ x = 300 Ans.

19. A photograph is to be fitted in a photo frame of sides 18 cm by 15 cm such that there is a margin of 1.5
cm left. What should be the area of the photograph?
Solution
Outer dimensions = 18 cm × 15 cm
Margin = 1.5 cm
Inner dimension = (18 – 3) by (15 – 3)
= 15 by 12
⇒ Area of photo = 15 × 12 = 180 cm2

#Code with KodNest Page | 73

Topic 14: AREA MENSURATION

20. A closed wooden box of thickness 0.5 cm and length 21 cm, width 11 cm, and height 6 cm, is painted
on the inside. The cost of painting is Rs.70. What is the rate of painting in rupees per sq.cm?
Solution
Outer dimensions = 21 × 11 × 6
Margin = 0.5 cm
Inner dimensions = 20 × 10 × 5
⇒ Inner surface area = 2LB + 2BH+ 2HL = 2(20 × 10) + 2(10 × 5) + 2(20 × 5)
= 400 + 100 + 200
= 700 cm2
Cost (Rs.) = Rate (Rs/cm2) × Area (cm2)
⇒ Rs. 70 = Rate × 700cm2
1
⇒ Rate = = 0.1 Rs/cm2 Ans.
10

</DIY/>

1. A triangle is made from a rope. The sides of the triangle are 20 cm, 24 cm and 28 cm. What will be
the area of the square made from the same rope?

2. The slant height of a right circular cone is 10 m and its height is 8 m. Find the area of its curved
surface.
A. 30π m2 B. 40π m2 C. 60π m2 D. 80π m2

3. 12 cm thick to cover an area 10 m long and 2 m wide. How many cubic meters of concrete will the
builder need?
A. 2 B. 2.4 C. 3 D. 4

4. Find the slant height of a cone of radius 21 cm and height 28 cm.

A. 45 B. 35 C. 36 D. 25

5. If the wheel of a bicycle makes 560 revolutions in travelling 1.1 km, what is its radius?
A. r = 30.25 cm B. r = 23.25 cm C. r = 31.25 cm D. r = 20.25 cm

6. If each edge of a cube is increased by 50%, find the percentage increase in its surface area.
A. 105% B. 125% c C. 100% D. 95%

7. A circular tent is cylindrical to a height of 3 meters and conical above it. If its diameter is 105 m
and the slant height of conical portion is 53m, calculate the length of the canvas 5m wide to make
the required tent?
A. 973.5m B. 3894m C. 1800m D. 1947m

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TOPIC 15
NUMBER BASED REASONING
- NUMBER SERIES
-1 -1 -1 -1

1. 16 , 15 , 18 , 17 , 20 , 19 , 22 , 21

+3 +3 +3

2. 6 , 7 , 26 , 6 , 7 , 24 , 6 , 7 , 22

-2 -2

3. 16 , 17 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 14 , 20 , 21 , 14 , 22 , 23 , 14

4. 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 16 , 17 , 18

5. 5 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 8 , 8 , 11 , 11 , 15 , 15

+1 +2 +3 +4

6. 5 , 5 , 7 , 7 , 9 , 9 , 11 , 11 , 13 , 13

+2 +2 +2 +2

12 32 112
7. 1 , 1 , 3 , 9 , 11 , 121 , 123 , 1232

+2 +2 +2

8. 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 8 , 16 , 24

×2 ×2 ×2

9. 32 , 32 , 33 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 35 , 36 , 35 , 36

+6 -7 +6 -7

10. 11 , 17 , -6 , -13 , 24 , 30 , -19 , -26 , 37 , 43

+13 -13 +13

#Code with KodNest Page | 75

Topic 15: NUMBER BASED REASONING

11. 3 , 1 , 13 , 11 , 31 , 29 , 57

12 22 32 42 52 62 72
+2 -3 +4 -5 +6 -7 +8 = 57

12. 6 , 120 , 504 , 1320 , 2730

23 53 83 113 143
-2 -5 -8 -11 -14__
2730

13. 23 , 8 , 34 , 81 , 33 , 27 , 43 , 64

23 = 8 34 = 81 33 = 27 43 = 64

+1 +1 +1 +1

14. 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 33 38

+2 +3 +4 +5

15. 16 , 19 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 33 , 37

+3 +4 +3 +4 +3 +4

16. 5 , 5 , 15 , 75 , 525 , 4725

×1 ×3 ×5 ×7 ×9

-2 -2 -2 -2
17. 1 , 4 , 2 , 8 , 6 , 24 , 22 , 88 , 86

×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

18. 70 , 54 , 45 , 41 , 40

-16 -9 -4 -1
42 32 22 12

19. 5 , 5 , 15 , 75 , 525 , 4725

×1 ×3 ×5 ×7 ×9

- ODD MAN OUT

1. A. 92 B. 64 C. 58 D. 72
Solution All numbers except 58 are divisible by 4.

2. A. 31 B. 33 C. 37 D. 41
Solution All numbers except 33 are prime numbers.

3. A. 122 B. 123 C. 125 D. 127

Solution All numbers except 122 are odd numbers.

4. A. 122 B. 123 C. 126 D. 129

Solution All numbers except 122 are divisible by 3.

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FIND THE WRONG NUMBER IN THE SERIES:

1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 20, 23

Solution
20. In each term 4 is getting added to get the next term. While we need to add 5 to get 20.

2. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 49
Solution
49. All the numbers are perfect squares of consecutive natural numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). So, the next values
should be 62 = 36 not 49.

3. 10, 17, 26, 35, 50, 65, 82

Solution
35. All the numbers except 35 are of the form n2 + 1.

</DIY/>

Find the Missing Number in the following number series:

1. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ____

2. 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, ____

3. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, ____

4. 2, 4, 12, 48, ____

5. 2, 5, 11, 23, ____

6. 2, 5, 12, 27, 58, ____

7. 5, 11, 24, 51, 106, ____

8. 5, 13, 29, 61, 125, ____

9. 5, 16, 51, 158, ____

10. 7, 12, 19, 28, 39, ____

11. 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, ____

Find the Odd Man Out:

12. A. 225 B. 289 C. 576 D. 512

13. A. 8 B. 64 C. 27 D. 81

14. A. 28 B. 65 C. 1332 D. 82

Find the wrong number in the series:

15. 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 50, 63, 80

16. 5, 8, 17, 24, 37, 50, 65

17. 34, 47, 62, 80, 98, 119

#Code with KodNest Page | 77

Topic 16: CODING DECODING

TOPIC 16
CODING DECODING
1. If HAND is written as IBOE in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Forward
Pattern

I B O E T J M L

2. If HAND is written as EOBI in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Reverse
Pattern

E O B I L M J T

3. If HAND is written as BIEO in a certain code, how is SILK written in that code?
Solution
+1 +1 +1 +1

H A N D S I L K Mixed
Pattern

B I E O J T L M

4. If WRITE is written as VQHSD in a certain code, how is MIGHT written in that code?
Solution
W R I T E M I G H T

Forward
(±1)Pattern
V Q H S D L H F G S

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

5. If CHAIR is written as EJCKT in a certain code, how is TABLE written in that code?
Solution
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

C H A I R T A B L E Forward
(+2)Pattern

E J C K T V C D N G

Page | 78 #Code with KodNest

 www.kodnest.com

6. If SHYAM is written as JXVEP in a certain code, how is PINKU written in that code?
Solution
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3

19 8 25 1 13 16 9 14 11 21
Reverse
S H Y A M P I N K U Pattern

(-3)
J X V E P R H K F M

10 24 22 5 16 18 8 11 6 13

7. If MOTHERS is written as OLVEGOU in a certain code, how is BROUGHT written in that code?
Solution
+2 -3 +2 -3 +2 -3 +2

13 15 20 8 5 18 19

M O T H E R S

O L V E G O U
Forward Pattern
15 12 22 5 7 15 21
(+2, -3, +2, -3)
+2 -3 +2 -3 +2 -3 +2

B R O U G H T

D O Q R I E V

8. If PRAMOD is written as SODJRA in a certain code, how is KESHAV written in that code?
Solution
+3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3

16 18 1 13 15 4 11 5 19 8 1 22

P R A M O D K E S H A V

S O D J R A N B V E D S

19 15 4 10 18 1 14 2 22 5 4 19

9. If READ is written as CGTF in a certain code, how is RAIL written in that code?
Solution
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

18 5 1 4 18 1 9 12

R E A D R A I L Cross
Pattern

C G T F K C T N

3 7 20 6 11 3 20 14

#Code with KodNest Page | 79

Topic 16: CODING DECODING

10. If MIRACLE is written as XMOAYHA in a certain code, how is PRELIMS written in that code?
Solution
+2 +4 +6 -2 -4 -6

13 9 18 1 3 12 5

M I R A C L E

X M O A Y H A

24 13 15 1 25 8 1

+2 +4 +6 -2 -4 -6

16 18 5 12 9 13 19

P R E L I M S

K V R L M I G

11 22 18 12 13 9 7

11. If VASTU is written as WCVXZ in a certain code, how is STAIR written in that code?
Solution
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

22 1 19 20 21 19 20 1 9 18

V A S T U S T A I R

W C V X Z T V D M W

23 3 22 24 26 20 22 4 13 23

12. If MOTHERS is written as SREHTOM in a certain code, how is BROUGHT written in that code?
Solution
M O T H E R S [Position based pattern]

S R E H T O M

B R O U G H T

T H G U O R B

13. If HUMIDITY is written as UHIMIDTY in a certain code, how is POLITICS written in that code?
Solution
H U M I D I T Y

NC

U H I M I D T Y

P O L I T I C S

O P I L I T C S

Page | 80 #Code with KodNest

 www.kodnest.com

14. If MANUFACTURE is written as AMFUNUTCARE in a certain code, how is ELECTRONICS written in that
code?
Solution

M A N U F A C T U R E

A M F U N U T C A R E

E L E C T R O N I C S

L E T C E I N O R C S

15. If DISTRIBUTION is written as IRTSIDNOITUB in a certain code, how is SUBSTITUTION written in that
code?

Solution

D I S T R I B U T I O N

I R T S I D N O I T U B

S U B S T I T U T I O N

I T S B U S N O I T U T

16. If BREAKTHROUGH is written as EAOUHRBRGHKT in a certain code, how is DISTRIBUTION written in

that code?
Solution
B R E A K T H R O U G H

E A O U H R B R G H K T

D I S T R I B U T I O N

S T T I B U D I O N R I

17. Find the odd man out.

A. ZW B. TQ C. SP D. NL E. PM
Solution
If you observe the place values of all the letters in each option, there is a difference of 3 except in option D. in
which the difference is 2.

18. Complete the analogy GJMP : MPSV :: HKNQ :

A. RTVX B. PSVX C. JLNP D. PSVY
Solution
The following pattern is being followed
GhiJklMnoP
MnoPqrStuV
HijKlmNopQ
PqrStuVwxY

#Code with KodNest Page | 81

Topic 16: CODING DECODING

19. If SPLINTER is coded as 67408192, how will PRISTINE be coded as?

A. 72061089 B. 72061098 C. 27061089 D. 72016089
Solution A. 72061089
Both SPLINTER and PRISTINE contain the same letters. See the number code for each letter in the given
word SPLINTER and correspondingly put the values in the word PRISTINE to get the required code.

20. Which is the wrong term in the following series: HER, JGT, LIV, NKX, PMY
A. LIV B. NKX C. PMY D. JGT
Solution C. PMY
First letter: H i J k L m N o P
Second letter: E f G h I j K l M
Third letter: R s T u V w X y Z

</DIY/>
1. In a certain language, LIEUTENANT is coded as 1232212021411420, then what will be the code for
MANGO in the same language?
A. 13114715 B. 1311474 C.14141375 D. 13114157

2. In a certain code language, HEART is written as FGYTR. How is MOUSE written in that code?
A. KQWQG B. OMWQG C. OMSUC D. KQSUC

3. If WATER is coded as YCVGT, then what word is written as HKTG in the same code?
A. IRFE B. FIRE C.REFI D. ERIF

4. If CARING is coded as EDVGKC, SHARES is coded as UKEPBO, then what will the code for CASKET?
A. EDXIBP B.EDWIAP C. EDWPAI D. EDWIBP

5. If 1 + 4 = 9, 2 + 8 = 18 and 3 + 6 = 15 then 7 + 8 equals-

A. 23 B. 30 C. 32 D. 41

6. If A = 1 and ACT = 24 then FAT = ?

A. 26 B.25 C.27 D. 24

Page | 82 #Code with KodNest

 www.kodnest.com

TOPIC 17
CLOCKS
1. A clock is so placed that at 12 noon, its minute hand points towards north-east. In which direction does
its hour hand point at 1.30 p.m.?
A. East B. West C. North D. South E. None of these
Solution
N
9 NE 12 450 12 Noon

W E

SW 6 3
S
Hour Hand
1 hr 300
12 Noon to 1:30 pm 1.5 x 300
1.5 hr = 450

⇒ Hour hand will move clockwise by 450 from north east and therefore it will be pointing towards East at 1:30
pm.

2. A clock is started at noon. After 5hrs 10 minutes, the hour hand has turned through how many degrees
with respect to the starting position?
A. 1450 B. 1500 C. 1550 D. 1600
Solution
Hour Hand
We know, 1 min 1/20
1
Noon to 5:10 pm 310 min × = 1550
2

3. How many times in a day, are the hands of a clock in straight line, but opposite in direction?
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 48
Solution
Every 12 hr 1800 occur 11 times
⇒ In 1day 1800 occurs 11 × 2 =22 times
(24 hrs)

4. In a day, how many times are the hands of a clock together?

A. 12 times B. 24 times C. 20 times D. 22 times
Solution
Together ⇒ 00
Every 12 hr 00 occur 11 times
⇒ In 1day 00 occurs 11 × 2 =22 times
(24 hrs)

5. What is the angle between the two hands at 8:20 ‘O’ clock?
A. 150 degrees B. 130 degrees C. 250 degrees D. 320 degrees
Solution
h m
Time: 8 : 20
11 11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = × 20 – 30 × 8 = 110-240 =1300
2 2

#Code with KodNest Page | 83

Topic 17: CLOCKS

6. The angle between two hands at 3.45 is:

A. 110 degrees B. 115 degrees C. 157.5 degrees D. 117 degrees
Solution
h m
Time: 3 : 45
11 11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = × 45 – 30 × 3 = 247.5 - 90 =157.50
2 2

7. At what time between 7 and 8 ‘o’clock will the hands of clock be together?
𝟏
A. 23 minutes past 7 B. 21 minutes past 7
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟏
C. 38 minutes past 7 C. 11 minutes past 7 E. None of these
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 7 : ____ ____ ‘O’ clock

11
Θ= × m – 30 × h
2
11
00 = × m – 30 × 7
2
11 420 2
⇒ m = 30 × 7 ⇒ m = = 38
2 11 11
2
⇒ 38 min past 7 ‘O’ Clock
11

8. At what time between 9’ O clock and 10 O’clock will the hands of clock point in the opposite
directions?
𝟐
A. 23 minutes past 10’ O clock B. 21 minutes past 9 O clock
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟒
C. 2 minutes past 9 O clock D. 16 minutes past 10’ O clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 9 hr ___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 180
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 270 = 1800 m – 270 = -1800
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 4500 ⇒ m = 900
2 2
900 9 180
⇒m= = 81 ⇒m=
11 11 11
9 4
⇒ 81 min past 9 ‘O’ Clock =16
11 11
4
m>60 is not allowed ⇒ 16 min past 9 ‘O’ Clock
11

9. At what time between 4 and 5 ‘O’clock will the hands of clock point in the opposite directions?
𝟕 𝟖 𝟔
A. 54 past 4 B. 53 past 4 C. 54 past 4 D. 54 past 4
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 4 hr___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ = × m – 30 × 4 = 180
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
m – 120 = 1800 m – 120 = -1800
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 300 ⇒ m = -600
2 2
600 6 −120 10
⇒m= =54 ⇒m= = -10
11 11 11 11
6
⇒ 54 min past 4 ‘O’ Clock m<0 is not allowed
11

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10. Find the time between 7 and 8 O’clock when two hands are at right angles?
𝟐 𝟐
A. 2 minutes past 7 O’clock B. 3 minutes past 7 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟗 𝟏𝟎
C. 21 minutes past 7 O’clock D. 7 minutes past 7 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 7 hr ___m minutes
Θ = 1800
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 90
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 30 × 7 = 900 m – 30 × 7 = -900
2 2
11 11
⇒ m = 300 ⇒ m = 1200
2 2
600 6 240 9
⇒m= = 54 ⇒m= = 21
11 11 11 11
6 9
⇒ m = 54 past 7 O’clock ⇒ m = 21 past 7 O’clock
11 11

11. Find the time between 5 and 6 O’clock when two hands of clock are of 6 minutes spaces apart.
𝟐 𝟔
A. 3 minutes past 5 O’clock B. 6 minutes past 5 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟐
C. 20 minutes past 5 O’clock C. 4 minutes past 5 O’clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Solution
Time = 5 hr___m minutes
Θ = 6 min spaces
= 6×60 = 360 (minute hand⇒1 min = 60 ⇒1 min spaces = 60 ⇒ 6×6 =360)
11
Θ= × m – 30 × h = 36
2
Case 1 Case 2
11 11
= m – 30 × h = 36 m – 30×5 = -360
2 2
11 11
⇒ m – 30 × 5 = 36 ⇒ m = 114
2 2
11 228
⇒ m = 186 ⇒m=
2 11
372 9 8
⇒m= = 33 ⇒ m = 20
11 11 11

12. A watch gains 5 min every hour. If it was set right at 12 noon, what is the true time when the watch is
showing 5 pm, on the same day?
A. 4:480/13 B. 3:480/13 C. 0.569444444 D. None of these
Solution
Faulty clock Correct clock FC CC
12 noon 12 noon 65 min 60 min
5 : 00 pm ? 13 min 12 min
12
5hr 1 min min
13

FC CC
260 min 240 min (4hrs)
39 min 36 min
12
1 min min
13
12 𝟒𝟖𝟎
⇒ 300 min = 4hrs. + 36 + min = 4 hr + min
13 𝟏𝟑

#Code with KodNest Page | 85

Topic 17: CLOCKS

13. A clock is late by 1 minute 27 seconds in a month, then by how much seconds will it be late in 1 day?
A. 2.9 B. 3.9 C. 4.9 D. 5.9
Solution
Faulty clock Correct clock
Delay of 1 min 27 sec 1 month (30 day)
= 87 seconds
87
Delay of sec 1 day
30
= 2.9 sec

14. The famous church in the city of Kumbakonnam has a big clock tower and is said to be over 300
years old. Every Monday 10.00 a.m., the clock is set right by Antony, doing service in the church.
The clock loses 6 mins every hour. What will be the actual time when the faulty clock shows 3 p.m
on Friday?
A. 1:06 am Saturday B. 4:54 am Friday
C. 2:13:20 am Saturday D. 3 am Friday
Solution
FC CC FC CC
loses 6 min 1 hr Mon 10 am Mon 10 am
54 min 60 min Fri 3 pm ?
54 hrs 60 hrs 101 hrs pass
9 hrs 10 hrs
10
1 hr hrs
9

FC CC
99hrs 110hrs
20 2 40 1
2hrs hrs = 2+ hrs = 2hrs+ min = 2hrs 13min+ sec
9 9 3 3
⇒ 101 hrs = 101hrs. +(11hrs + 13min + 20 sec)

FRIDAY 3 p.m. + 11 hrs + 13 min + 20 sec

= 2:13:20 am Saturday

15. At 6'o clock, the clock ticks 6 times. The time between first and last ticks was 30sec. How much time
it takes at 12'o clock?
A. 60 sec B. 56 sec C. 76 sec D. 66 sec
Solution
6 ‘O’ clock ⇒ 6 times
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
t t t t t 5t = 30
30 sec ⇒ t = 6 sec
12 ‘O’ clock (12 times)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
t t t t t t t t t t t

11t = 11 × 6 = 66 sec

16. In a clock, the long hand is of 8cm and the short hand is of 7cm. If the clock runs for 4 days, find out
the total distance covered by both the hands.
A. 1824 π cm B. 1648 π cm C. 1724 π cm D. 2028 π cm
Solution
Long Hand Short Hand
Radius(R) = 8 cm Radius(r) = 7 cm
1hr 1 revolution(2πR) 12hr 1 revolution(2πr)
1day (24hrs) 24rev × (2πR) 1day (24hrs) 2rev × (2πr)
4 days 24 × (2πR) × 4 4 days 2 × (2πr) × 4
Total distance travelled = 24 × (2πR) × 4 + 2 × (2πr) × 4 = 4 × 4 [ 6 × 2π × 8 + 7π]
=16 [ 96π + 7π] = 16 ×103π = 1648π

Page | 86 #Code with KodNest

 www.kodnest.com

</DIY/>

1. A clock is started at noon. By 10 minutes past 6, the hour hand has turned through:
A. 175º B. 195º C. 185º D. 180º

2. What is the angle between the two hands at 7.20 ‘O'clock?

A. 150 degree B. 100 degree C. 250 degree D. 320 degree

3. What is the angle between the two hands at 3 o'clock?

A. 122º B. 70º C. 48º D. 90º

4. What is the angle between two hands, when time is 5:30?

A. 15 degree B. 14 degree C. 16 degree D. 11 degree

5. At what time between 7 and 8 o'clock will the hands of clock point in the opposite directions?
𝟏 𝟓 𝟏
A. 5 minutes past 7 B. 21 minutes past 7 C. 5 minutes past 7 D. 11 minutes past 7
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

6. At what time between 2' O clock and 3' O clock, will the hands of a clock point in the opposite
directions?
𝟐
A. 2 minutes past 2' O clock B. 16 minutes past 2
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟕
C. 20 minutes past 2 D. 43 minutes past 2' O clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

7. At what time between 4 and 5 o'clock will the hands of a watch point in same direction?
𝟕 𝟗 𝟗
A. 24 past 4 B. 24 past 4 C. 23 past 4 D. 21 past 4
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

8. At what time between 3 and 4 o'clock, the hands are in opposite directions?
𝟏 𝟐
A. 49 min past 3 B. 16 min past 3 C. 2 min past 4 D. 3 min past 3
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

9. Find the time between 5 and 6 o'clock, when the two hands of clock are 4 minute spaces apart.
𝟕 𝟔
A. 3𝟏 minutes past 5 o'clock B. 6 minutes past 5 o'clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟐
C. 20 minutes past 5 o'clock D. 4 minutes past 5 o'clock
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

10. Exact time of a clock was set right at 5:00 am, then it loses 16 min every day. On the 4th day, when it
shows 10:00 pm, what is the exact time?
A. 11:00 PM B. 10:00 PM C. 9:00 PM D. 8:00 PM

11. A clock showed 5 min past 3'0 clock on Sunday evening when the correct time was 3'0 clock. It loses
uniformly and was observed to be 10 min slow, on the subsequent Tuesday at 9pm. When did the
clock show the correct time?
A. 10 AM Monday B. 10 PM Monday C. 9 PM Monday D. 9 AM Monday

#Code with KodNest Page | 87

Topic 18: CALENDAR

TOPIC 18
CALENDAR
1. On 8th December 2007, Saturday falls. What day was it on 8th December 2006?
Solution
8th December 2006 8th December 2007
? Saturday
+ 365
+1 odd day
? +1 = Saturday
⇒ ? = Friday

2. First day of 1999 is Sunday, what is the last day?

Solution
1st Jan 1999 1st Jan 2000
Sun Sun+1 = Mon
+ 365
+1 odd day
⇒last day 31st dec 1999 = Sunday

3. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What is the day of the week on Jan 1, 2010?
Solution
Jan1,2006 Jan1,2007 Jan1,2008 Jan1,2009 Jan1,2010
Sun Mon Tue Thu Fri
+365 +365 +366 +365
+1 odd +1 odd +2 odd +1 odd
day day day day

4. Monday falls on 20th March 1995. What was the day on 3rd November 1994?
Solution
3rd November 1994 20th March 1995(non-leap)
? Mon
Nov Dec Jan Feb March
30-3=27 3 3 0 20

+53 days
+4 odd days
⇒ ? + 4 = Monday
⇒ ? = Thursday

5. If the Valentine’s Day in 2005 falls on Monday, then on which day will the Valentine’s Day fall in 2010?
Solution
14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb 14th Feb
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Mon Tue Wed Thu Sat Sun

+365 +365 +365 +366 +365

+1 +1 +1 +2 +1

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6. Today is Monday, after 61 days, it will be:

Solution
Today +61 days Mon + 5
Mon =Saturday
+5 odd days

7. The day on 5th march of a year is the same day on what date of same year?
A. 5th Nov B. 6th Nov C. 5th Dec D. 6th Dec
Solution
March (31 days) A M J J A S O Nov(5th)
31-5 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 5 days
=26

21 odd days
⇒ 0 odd day
⇒ 5th Nov = 5th march

8. A person has to work 8 continuous days & rests on 9th day. If a person starts on Monday, what day is on
12th rest day?
Solution
1st – 8th 9th Next 8 days 18th day Next 8 days 27th day ………… 12th rest day
working Rest Working Rest Working Rest ⇒12×9
=108th day

12th rest day

1st day +107 days (108th day)
Mon ⇒ Mon + 2
+2 odd day = Wednesday

9. In the month of January of a certain year, there are 4 Thursdays & 4 Sunday. What will the day on 1st
Jan of that month?
Solution
January (31 days) ⇒ Mon to Sun (7 days)
⇒3 odd days

3 days 4 days
will occur will occur
5 times 4 times

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

1st 2nd 3rd -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
29th 30th 31st

1st Jan is Monday.

10. If day before yesterday was Monday, what day will fall a day after tomorrow?
Solution
Mon Wed Friday
Day before yesterday Today Day after tomorrow

11. Mamuni went to the movies 9 days ago. She goes to the movies only on Thursday. What day of the
week is today? .
Solution Today =Thursday +9
+9
Thursday =Thursday + 2
+2 odd day = Saturday

#Code with KodNest Page | 89

Topic 18: CALENDAR

12. The calendar for the year 2007 will be same for the year:
Solution
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Let Mon Tue Thu Fri Sat Sun

+365 +366 +365 +365 +365

+1 +2 +1 +1 +1

+366
+2

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tue Wed Thu Fri Sun Mon

+365 +365 +365 +366 +365

+1 +1 +1 +2 +1

13. What will be the day of the week on 15th August 2010?
Solution 2001 to 2009
Reference Day 2000 yrs passed 9yrs
Sunday 5 x 400 = 0 Odd days 2L 7NL
4 odd days 7 odd days
2010
J F M A M J J A
3 0 3 2 3 2 3 15

15+4+2 21
⇒ = = 0 odd days
7 7
Ref day 15th Aug 2010
Sun Sun + 0 = Sunday
+0 odd day

14. Find the day of the week on 16th July 1776?

Solution
Reference Day 1600 yrs. 1601 – 1700 1701 to 1775 (75 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 100 yrs passed 75/4
0 Odd days 5 Odd days 18L 57NL
18×2=36 57×1=57
⇒1 Odd day ⇒1 Odd day
1776(Leap)
J F M A M J J
3 1 3 2 3 2 16
⇒ 2 Odd days ⇒ Sun + 2 = Tuesday

15. What was the day of the week on 12th January 1979?
Solution
Reference Day 1600 1601 – 1900 1901 to 1978(78 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 300 yrs passed 78/4
0 Odd days 3 × 100 yrs 19L 59NL
3 × 5 = 15 19×2=38 59×1=59
⇒1 Odd day ⇒3 Odd day ⇒3 Odd day
1776
Jan
12 days
⇒ 3+3+1+ 12 = 5 odd days ⇒ Sun + 5 = Friday

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16. What was the day of the week on 26th December 1995?
Solution
Reference Day 1600 1601 – 1900 1901 to 1994(94 yrs)
Sunday 1600 yrs passed 300 yrs passed 94 yrs
=0 Odd days 3 × 100 yrs 23L 71NL
3 × 5 = 15 23×2=46 71×1=71
⇒1 Odd day ⇒4 Odd day ⇒1 Odd day
1995
1st Jan to 26th Dec = 365 – (5 days) = 360 days ⇒ 3 odd days
⇒ 1 + 4 + 1 + 3 =9 ⇒ 2 odd days ⇒ Sun + 2 = Tuesday

18. The last day of the century cannot be:

A. Monday B. Wednesday C. Tuesday D. Friday
Solution
Remember: The last day of the century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.
Hence Tuesday is the answer.

</DIY/>

1. If day after tomorrow will be Friday, what day was there on day before yesterday?
A. Sunday B. Monday C. Saturday D. Friday

2. If the third day of the month is Monday, which of the following will be the fifth day from 21st of that
month?
A. Tuesday B. Monday C. Wednesday D. Thursday

3. Mani went to the movies 16 days ago. She goes to the movies only on Thursday. What day of the week
is today?
A. Sunday B. Tuesday C. Thursday D. Saturday E. Friday

4. Today is Monday. After 64 days, it will be:

A. Wednesday B. Saturday C. Tuesday D. Thursday

5. First day of 1999 is Sunday. What is the first day of the year 2000?
A. Wednesday B. Monday C. Friday D. Sunday

6. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week on Jan 1, 2009?
A. Sunday B. Saturday C. Friday D. Thursday

7. On 8th Dec, 2007 Saturday falls. What was the day of the week on 8th Dec, 2005?
A. Saturday B. Friday C. Thursday D. Tuesday

8. If Valentine's day of 2005 was celebrated on a Monday. What day is Feb 14th, 2011?
A. Monday B. Sunday C. Tuesday D. Wednesday

9. In 2003, there are 28 days in February and there are 365 days in the year. In 2004, there are 29 days in
February and there are 366 days in the year. If the date March 11, 2003 is Tuesday, then on which of
the following day would the date March 11, 2004 be?
A. Monday B. Thursday C. Wednesday D. Tuesday

10. What was the day of week on October 24, 1992?

A. Sunday B. Thursday C. Monday D. Saturday

11. What was the day of the week on December 26,1995?

A. Friday B. Tuesday C. Sunday D. Monday E. None of these

12. What was the day of week on January 1, 1989?

A. Thursday B. Monday C. Sunday D. Tuesday

#Code with KodNest Page | 91

Topic 19: ORDER AND RANKING

TOPIC 19
ORDER AND RANKING
1. In a row of 60 cars, car A is 32nd from right end. What is its position from the left end?
Solution
A

32nd

60 – 31 – car A 31 cars.
= 28 cars.

28 + 1 = 29th position
OR
Total cars = Position from Left + Position from right -1
60 = x + 32 -1
⇒ x = 60 – 32 + 1 = 29

2. Radha selected the 27th card from the left in a row of 50 cards. What will be the position of same
card from right side?
Solution 27th

26 cards 50 – 26 – 27th card = 23

23 + 1 = 24th position from right.

3. Radha ranks 16th from the top and 13th from the bottom in a certain examination. How many
students gave the exam?
Solution
Total students = position from top + position from bottom – 1
= 16 + 13 – 1 = 28

4. In a row of 54 persons, A is 35th from left side & B is 22nd from right side. Find the total number of
persons between them.
Solution
A

35th

34 persons 54 – 35 = 19 persons
A
20th right side
B A
⇒ one person between
22 21 20 them

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5. In a row of 54 persons, A is 15th from left side and B is 20th from right side. Find total number of persons
between A and B.
Solution
A B 19 persons

15th 20th

14 persons 54 – 15 = 39 persons

40th
Person between A & B
= 40 – 20 -1
= 19

6. Sahil and Gaurav are standing in a row of persons. Sahil is 12th from left side & Gaurav is 18th from right
side. If they interchange their position, Sahil becomes 25 th from left. What is the total no. of persons
standing in a row?
Solution
Before
12th
Left Sahil
Gaurav
18th Right
After
Left 12th
Gaurav
25th
Left Sahil ⇒ Total persons = position from L
18th Right +
position from R
-1
= 25 + 18 – 1 = 42

7. In a school, there are 147 people. The ratio of Girls : Boys is 1:6. Soumya is a girl who stands 15 th from
top of that row and 7 girls are in front of her. How many boys are behind her?
Solution
Girls : Boys Total
(1 : 6)x 147 ⇒ 7 x = 147 ⇒ x = 21
⇒ G = x = 21
B = 6x = 126
7 Girls
14 students
⇒ 14 – 7 = 7 Boys

15th SOUMYA

Remaining boys will be behind Soumya.

126 Boys

In front of Soumya Behind Soumya

7 126 – 7 = 119

21 Girls

Girls in front of Behind Soumya

Soumya ⇒ 21 – 7 – Soumya
7 = 21 – 7 – 1 = 13

#Code with KodNest Page | 93

Topic 19: ORDER AND RANKING

8. When Abhinav, Bhavya, Chandan, Dharam and Esha are arranged in descending order of their
weights from top, Abhinav becomes 3rd.
Esha is between Dharam and Abhinav.
Chandan and Dharam are not on top.
Who among them is the second?
Solution
Based on the 1st information, we can write
------- < -------- < Abhinav < ---------- < -----------
Based on second information, we have 2 possibilities-
Dharam < Esha < Abhinav or Abhinav < Esha < Dharam
Chandan and Dharam are not on top.
Combining all the information, we find that Abhinav < Esha < Dharam possibility will be removed.
Therefore, finally we can say,
Dharam < Esha < Abhinav < ---- < -----
Since Chandan is not on top so it will come at second place from top.
Dharam < Esha < Abhinav < Chandan < Bhavya
Therefore, Chandan is the person who will come at 2nd place.

9. Rohit is taller than Manikant but not as tall as Gagan. Shiva is taller than Gagan but not as tall as
Ankit. Ankit is shorter than Tushar but not as short as Bhavya.
Who is the tallest?
A. Manikant B. Ankit C. Tushar D. Bhavya E. Shiva
Solution
Based on the first information, we can write-
Manikant < Rohit < Gagan
It implies that Rohit and Manikant are not tallest. So, option a is removed.
Based on the second information, we can write
Gagan < Shiva < Ankit
It implies that Gagan and Shiva are not tallest. So, option e is removed.
Based on the third information, we can write
Bhavya < Ankit < Tushar
It implies that Bhavya and Ankit are not tallest. So, option b and d is removed.
Therefore, the correct option is (C) Tushar.

10. Rohit stands third in a row of 20 students when all of them are arranged in ascending order of their
heights. Now, 5 more students, all taller than Rohit join the group. What will be Rohit’s position if
they are now arranged in descending order of their heights?
Solution
Shortest ------------------------------------------------→ Tallest
Based on the 1st information, we can write-
1 < 2 < 3(ROHIT) < ………………………………. < 20
Based on the second information, we can write-
1 < 2 < 3(ROHIT) < ………… + (5 new members)……………………. < 25
Rohit’s position as per descending order will be 25 – 3 + 1 = 23

</DIY/>

1. Rohit is thinner than Ankit and Bhavya. Manikant is thinner as compared to Ankit but fatter
than Bhavya. Two other men are fatter than Ankit. Who is the thinnest person among all?
A. Ankit B. Rohit C. Bhavya D. Manikant

2. Ankit is Taller than Roshni but shorter than Manikant. Roshni is as tall as Saurabh but taller than
Shaurya. Then, Saurabh is –
A. Taller than Manikant. B. Shorter than Ankit.
C. As tall as Ankit. D. Shorter than Shaurya.

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TOPIC 20
SYLLOGISM
• STATEMENT:
ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS 100 50
100 50 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. NO APPLE IS BANANA. 100 50 100 50
✓ ✓ X ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS. U+ ⇒ only + can follow.
50 50
3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS.
Since the statement is positive, only
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. positive conclusions can follow and
100 50
therefore all negative conclusions (1st,
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE.
3rd, 5th, 7th) are automatically cancelled.
As per the statement, banana 100 is not
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.
allowed. Therefore, in positive
50 50
conclusions, if anywhere, banana holds
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.
a value of 100, it will be cancelled.

• STATEMENT:
NO APPLES IS BANANA 100 100
100 100 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS 100 50 100 50
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS. U - ⇒ only - can follow

3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS.

4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. Since the statement is negative, only

negative conclusions can follow and
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE. therefore all positive conclusions (1st, 2nd,
4th, 6th) are automatically cancelled.
As per the statement, all values are allowed.
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.
Therefore, all negative conclusions follow.
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

• STATEMENTS:
1.ALL CHAIRS ARE TABLES.
100 50 The common term TABLE stands
2. SOME TABLES ARE DESK. invalid as it does not hold a value of
50 50 100 in any of the statements.
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, no conclusion will follow.
1.ALL CHAIRS ARE DESK.

2.NO CHAIR IS DESK.

#Code with KodNest Page | 95

Topic 20: SYLLOGISM

• STATEMENT:
SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS 50 50
50 50 Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. NO APPLE IS BANANA. 100 50 100 50
X ✓ X ✓
2. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS. U+ ⇒ only + can follow
100 50
3. SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS. Since the statement is positive, only
positive conclusions can follow and
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES. therefore all negative conclusions (1st,
100 50 3rd, 5th, 7th) are automatically cancelled.
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE. As per the statement, 100 is not allowed.
Therefore, in positive conclusions, if
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES. anywhere, anything holds a value of 100,
50 50 it will be cancelled.
7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

• STATEMENT:
SOME APPLES ARE NOT BANANAS
50 100 50 100
Apple Banana
CONCLUSIONS:
1. ALL APPLES ARE BANANAS. 100 50 100 50
X ✓ ✓ ✓
2. SOME APPLES ARE BANANAS.
Since the statement is negative, only negative
conclusions can follow and therefore all positive
3. NO APPLE IS BANANA.
100 100 conclusions (1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th) are automatically
cancelled.
4. ALL BANANAS ARE APPLES.
As per the statement, 100 for apples is not allowed.
Therefore, in negative conclusions, if anywhere,
5. NO BANANA IS APPLE.
100 100 apple holds a value of 100, it will be cancelled.
6. SOME BANANAS ARE APPLES.

7. SOME BANANAS ARE NOT APPLES.

50 100

1. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
The common term BOYS stands valid.
1.ALL BOYS ARE GIRLS.
100 50 Since both statements are positive, only positive
conclusions can follow and all negative conclusions will
2.ALL BOYS ARE COWS.
100 50 stand cancelled automatically.
As per the statement, Girls and cows holds a value of 50.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, in the conclusions, they are allowed to hold
1.ALL GIRLS ARE COWS.
100 50 50 but not more than 50 (i.e., 100)
Therefore, conclusions 1 and 2 are cancelled.
2.ALL COWS ARE GIRLS.
100 50 Conclusions 3 and 4 will follow.
3. SOME GIRLS ARE COWS.
50 50
4. SOME COWS ARE GIRLS.
50 50

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2. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL TREES ARE GREEN.
100 50
2.ALL PLANTS ARE GREEN.
100 50 The common term GREEN stands invalid as it does not
CONCLUSIONS: hold a value of 100 in any of the statements. Therefore,
1.ALL TREES ARE PLANTS. no conclusion will follow.

2. SOME TREES ARE PLANTS.

3.ALL PLANTS ARE TREES.

3. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE DOCTOR.
100 50
2.ALL DOCTORS ARE ARCHITECT.
100 50
3. SOME DOCTORS ARE LAWYERS.
50 50
CONCLUSIONS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE ARCHITECT.
100 50
As per Statements 1 and 2, ENGINEER connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT. The common term
DOCTOR stands valid. As per the statements, ENGINEER holding a value of 100 and ARCHITECT holding
a value of 50 in the conclusions is allowed.

2. SOME ARCHITECTS ARE LAWYERS.

50 50
As per Statements 2 and 3, LAWYERS connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT. The common term
DOCTOR stands valid. As per the statements, LAWYERS holding a value of 50 and ARCHITECT holding
a value of 50 in the conclusions is allowed.
3.ALL ENGINEERS ARE LAWYERS.

As per Statements 1 and 3, LAWYERS connects DOCTOR connects ENGINEER. The common term
DOCTOR stands invalid (50-50). Therefore, conclusion do not follow.

4. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE DOCTOR. As per Statements 1, 2 and 3, ENGINEER
100 50 connects DOCTOR connects ARCHITECT
2.ALL DOCTORS ARE ARCHITECT. connects LAWYERS. The common term
100 50 DOCTOR and ARCHITECT stands valid. As
3.ALL ARCHITECT ARE LAWYERS. per the statements, ENGINEER holding a
100 50 value upto 100 and LAWYERS holding a
CONCLUSIONS: value upto 50 is allowed in the conclusions.
1.ALL ENGINEERS ARE LAWYERS. Therefore, both conclusions follow.
100 50
2. SOME LAWYERS ARE ENGINEERS.
50 50

#Code with KodNest Page | 97

Topic 20: SYLLOGISM

5. STATEMENTS:
1. SOME STUDENTS ARE ACTORS.
50 50
2.ALL ACTORS ARE FOOLS.
100 50
3.ALL STUDENTS ARE BOYS.
100 50
CONCLUSIONS:
1. SOME BOYS ARE FOOLS.
50 50
2.ALL BOYS ARE FOOLS.
100 50
As per Statements 1, 2 and 3, BOYS connects STUDENTS connects ACTORS connects FOOLS.
The common term STUDENTS and ACTORS stands valid. As per the statements, BOYS holding
a value upto 50 and FOOLS holding a value upto 50 is allowed in the conclusions. Therefore,
ONLY conclusion 1 follows.

6. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.NO PEN IS COPY.
100 100 As both the statements are
2.NO COPY IS BOOK. negative, no conclusion follows.
100 100
CONCLUSIONS:
1.NO PEN IS BOOK.

2.NO BOOK IS PEN.

3.ALL BOOKS ARE PEN.

4.ALL PENS ARE BOOK.

7. QUESTION
STATEMENTS: As one statement is positive and one is negative, only
1.ALL MEN ARE BLACK. negative conclusions can follow. Therefore, all positive
100 50 conclusions (5th) stand cancelled.
2.NO MEN IS WHITE. The common term MEN stands valid.
100 100 As per the statements, BLACK holding a value up to 50
CONCUSIONS: and WHITE holding a value up to 100 is allowed in the
1.NO BLACK IS WHITE. conclusions.
100 100 Therefore, conclusion 1, 3, 4 will not follow.
2. SOME BLACK ARE NOT WHITE. Only conclusion 2 follows
50 100
3.NO WHITE IS BLACK.
100 100
4. SOME WHITE ARE NOT BLACK.
50 100
5.ALL BLACKS ARE WHITES.

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8. QUESTION
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL GIRLS ARE ENGINEER
100 50
2.NO BOY IS ENGINEER.
100 100 As one statement is positive, and one is negative, only
negative conclusions can follow. Therefore, all positive
CONCLUSIONS:
conclusions (5th and 6th) stand cancelled.
1.NO GIRL IS BOY.
The common term ENGINEER stands valid.
2. SOME GIRLS ARE NOT BOYS.
As per the statements, BOYS holding a value up to 100
3. SOME BOYS ARE NOT GIRLS.
and GIRLS holding a value up to 100 is allowed in the
4.NO BOY IS GIRL.
conclusions.
5.ALL GIRLS ARE BOYS.
Therefore, ALL negative conclusions follow.
6.ALL BOYS ARE GIRLS.

9. QUESTION:
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL WINDOWS ARE KEYS.
100 50
2.NO WINDOW IS LOCK.
100 100
3.NO KEY IS DOOR.
100 100
CONCLUSIONS:
1. SOME KEYS ARE NOT LOCKS.
50 100
2. SOME LOCKS ARE NOT KEYS.
50 100
As per Statements 1(+) and 2(-), LOCK connects WINDOWS connects KEYS. The common term WINDOWS
stands valid. As per the statements, KEYS holding a value up to 50 and LOCK holding a value up to 100 is
allowed in the negative conclusions. Therefore, CONCLUSION 1 follows but 2 does not follow.

3. SOME WINDOWS ARE NOT DOORS

50 100
4. SOME DOORS ARE NOT WINDOWS.
50 100
As per Statements 1(+) and 3(-), DOOR connects KEYS connects WINDOWS. The common term KEYS stands
valid. As per the statements, DOORS holding a value up to 100 and WINDOWS holding a value up to 100 is
allowed in the negative conclusions. Therefore, conclusions 3 and 4 follow.
5. SOME DOORS ARE NOT LOCKS.

6. SOME LOCKS ARE NOT DOORS.

As per Statements 1(+), 2(-) and 3(-), DOOR connects KEYS connects WINDOWS connects LOCK. The
common term KEYS and WINDOWS stands valid. As in the connection, two of the statements required are
negative, no conclusion will follow.

10. QUESTION
STATEMENTS:
1.ALL GOOD ARE BAD.
100 50 As per Statements 1(+), 2(+) and 3(-), GOOD connects BAD
connects ACT connects TEN. The common term BAD and
2.ALL ACT ARE TEN.
100 50 ACT stands valid. As in the connection, ONE of the
statements required is negative, only negative conclusion
3.NO ACT IS BAD.
100 100 can follow.
As per the statements, GOOD holding a value upto 100 and
CONCLUSIONS:
TEN holding a value up to 50 is allowed in the conclusions.
1. SOME GOOD ARE NOT TEN.
Therefore, conclusion 2 follows, 1 does not follow.
50 100
2. SOME TEN ARE NOT GOOD.
50 100

#Code with KodNest Page | 99

Topic 20: SYLLOGISM

</DIY/>

1. Statements:
Most Associates are B.Com graduates.
No B.Com graduate is a Manager.
All Managers are Associates.
Conclusion:
1. Some B.Com graduates are Associates
2. All Associates are Managers
3. No Manager is an B.Com graduate
4. Some Managers are B.Com graduates

A. Only 1 follows B. Only 1 and 3 follow

C. Only 2 follows D. Only 2 and 3 follow

2. Statements:
Some Engineers are salespersons.
All Coders are Engineers.
Conclusion:
1. No Coder is a salesperson
II. Some salespersons are Engineers

A. Only I follows B. Both I and II follow

C. Only II follows D. Neither I nor II follows

3. Statements:
All gorillas are apes.
All apes are primates.
Conclusion:
1. Some primates are apes.
II. Some primates are gorillas.

A. Only I follows B. Both I and II follow

C. Only II follows D. Neither I nor II follows

4. Statements:
Some dancers are actors.
All actors are performers.
All dancers are performers.
Conclusion:
1. All performers are actors.
II. Some performers are actors.

A. Only I follows B. Both I and II follow

C. Only II follows D. Neither I nor II follows

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TOPIC 21
SEATING ARRANGEMENT
1. Question: -
Directions for questions 1 to 5:
Read the data given below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Seven persons P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are sitting in a row facing us. R and S sit next to each other. There
must be exactly four persons between Q and V. S sits to the immediate right of Q.
1. If P and T are separated exactly by two persons then who sits to the immediate left of V?
A. P B. T C. U D. R
2. If Q is not sitting at either extremes of the row, then who among the following has as many
persons on his left as on his right?
A. S B. U C. R D. V
3. If Q sits at one extreme, then who is at the other extreme?
A. P B. T C. V D. Can’t be determined
4. T sits to the right of Q and P is separated from T by exactly three persons. Then, who is sitting to
the immediate left of V?
A. S B. P C. T D. U
5. In how many different ways can the seven persons sit in a row.
A. 3 B. 2 C. 10 D. 12
Solution 7 persons – P, Q, R, S, T, U, V
Right Left

Facing this way

Left observer Right

Data given
I. R & S sit next to each other
⇒ R S or S R 2 possibilities for S, R
Q V
II. Q V
V Q
V Q 6 seats
III. S sits to the immediate right of Q

Right Q Left ⇒ SQ
from I & III information, we get

RSQ [ because S R is not possible ]

Now, merge II information and 7 places available.
Q V
I 2 possibilities.
V Q

Q V
II or or 2 possibilities.
V Q

Now, combine all the data and get more useful information.
Merge R S Q in I and II arrangement & eliminate.
I Q V × R S Q cannot fit in this so neglected.
V R S Q ✔

II Q V × R S Q not possible so neglected.

V R S Q ✔

#Code with KodNest Page | 101

Topic 21: SEATING ARRANGEMENT

Final Possibilities
I V R S Q

II V R S Q

Solution(i) P T
or or
T P
4 places.
This cannot fit in arrangement I. So, take only arrangement II

II P V U T R S Q
or or
T P
Only place left for U, so U will sit in this place.
V U immediate left of V is U.
Ans
Solution(ii) Q is not sitting at end. This eliminates arrangement II. So, think only arrangement I.

I V QR S
3 on right 3 on left
middle person R (Ans)
Solution(iii) If Q sit at one extreme. So, we have to take only arrangement II.
V R S Q

anyone can be sitting at this position. (P, T, or U)

so, we are not sure. i.e., can’t be determined. (option d) (Ans)
Solution (iv) T sits to the right of Q
Right
⇒ T Q
and
P T
T P
5 places
This can only fit in arrangement I but not arrangement II.

I. V U P R S Q T
or or
T P
U will take the only seat left. Ans U.
Solution(v) 3 ways 2 ways 1 way

I. V R S Q

3 × 2 × 1 ⇒ 6 possibilities.

II. V R S Q

3 ways 2 ways 1 ways

3 × 2 × 1 ⇒ 6 possibilities.
Total possibilities = 6 + 6 = 12 (Ans)

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2. Read the data given below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Question: - 7 boys – Rajan, Shyam, Vardhan, Mantra, Vimal, Raj and Kishan are sitting in a row. Shyam
sits to the immediate left to Vardhan and third to the right of Rajan whereas Mantra who sits at the
extreme left, is next to Kishan.
1. Who is sitting to the immediate right of Shyam?
A. Mantra B. Kishan C. Vimal D. Vardhan
2. If Vardhan and Kishan exchange places with each other without changing the rest arrangement
that is already done then who will be sitting to the immediate left to Rajan?
A. Kishan B. Raj C. Vimal D. Vardhan
3. If only Shyam sits between Raj and Vardhan, who is exactly in the middle of the row?
A. Raj B. Vardhan C. Vimal D. Rajan
4. Which of the following cannot confirm the sitting arrangement of all the boys?
A. Raj is to the immediate right of Rajan whereas Vimal is to the left of Shyam
B. Mantra and Raj have two persons between them
C. Kishan and Raj have two persons between them
D. Shyam and Rajan have two persons between them
5. After arranging all the boys as per the conditions given in the data, if Rajan now exchanges his place
with Mantra and Vardhan exchanges his place with Vimal, then how many persons will be there
between Vimal and Rajan?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 1
Solution
7 Rajan, Shyam, Vardhan, Mantra, Vimal, Raj, Kishan
Rn S Va M Vi Rj K

Left Right
facing that way
I. Shyam sits to the immediate left of Vardhan
Left S Va
and Rn S Right

3rd to the right

Rn S Va

5 places.

II. Mantra extreme left

Mantra Kishan neighbour.
M K
Combine the 2 data now,

M K Rn S Va

Solution(i) Immediate right of S.

S Va
Ans
Solution(ii)
M K Rn S Va
exchange

Left
M Va Rn S K

After
Exchange Ans

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Topic 21: SEATING ARRANGEMENT

Solution(iii) Only Shyam sits between Raj & Vardhan

⇒ Rj S Va

M K Rn Rj S Va

Vimal is left
Ans. Vimal (middle of the row)

Solution(iv) M K Rn S Va

(a) Rn Rj Vi confirms the arrangement.

M K Rn Rj Vi S Va ✔

(b) M Rj

⇒ M K Rn Rj Vi S Va
Confirms the arrangement.

(c) K Rj

⇒ M K Rn Vi Rj S Va
Confirms

(d) Rn S

M K Rn Rj Vi S Va (d)is correct option

or or
Vi Rj

not confirmed

Solution(v) M K Rn Rj Vi S Va
Vi Rj
exchange exchange
Va Vi
Rn K M Rj Va S Vi
or or
Va Rj

5 persons in between so answer is 5

Option (c)

3. Question: - Four persons A, B, C and D arrive to attend a meeting. D arrives 10 minutes after B and
20 minutes before A, who arrives 10 minutes before C. Who is the first person to arrive at the
meeting?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
Solution A 30
20 minutes
B 0 before A
(-20)
C 40 10 minutes
after B
D +10 (+10) ⇒ B reaches first

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4. Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of Z, then in which direction of Y, is P?
A. North B. South C. South-East D. None of these
Solution
(iii) Z
(i)
East
X Y
SOUTH

(ii) X

North
P

Merge them all

X Y

</DIY/>

1. 6 people A, B, C, D, E and F sit around a table for dinner. Since A does not like C, he doesn't sit either
opposite or beside C.B and F always like to sit opposite each other.
If A is beside F, then who is are the two neighbours of B?

A. E and C B. D and C
C. D and E D. Either (a) or (b)

2. 6 people A, B, C, D, E and F sit around a table for dinner. Since A does not like C, he doesn't sit either
opposite or beside C.B and F always like to sit opposite each other.
If D is adjacent to F, then who is adjacent to C?
A. E and B B. D and A
C. D and B D. either (a) or (c)

#Code with KodNest Page | 105

Topic 22: TRUTH AND LIE BASED PROBLEMS

TOPIC 22
TRUTH AND LIE BASED
PROBLEMS
1. The CBI rounded up Tushar, Manikant and Gaurav as one of them was suspected of robbing a bank
in broad daylight. The 3 suspects gave following statements after intensive questioning:
Tushar: I am innocent.
Manikant: I am innocent.
Gaurav: Manikant is the robber.
Who robbed the bank among the three persons, if only one of the statements is true?
A. Manikant B. Tushar C. Gaurav D. None of these
Solution
Option B
Let’s assume Manikant as the robber. So, with this assumption, we can see that the statement of Gaurav
will be considered as Truth, the statement of Tushar will be considered as Truth, statement of Manikant
will be considered as lie. So, here 2 statements are Truth which is contradicting the condition of the
question that only one statement is true.
It means our assumption is wrong and Manikant is definitely not the robber and therefore, we can conclude
that Gaurav is definitely lying.
Now, start with a second assumption.
Assume Tushar is the robber. So, with this assumption, we can see that the statement of Gaurav will be
considered as Lie, the statement of Tushar will be considered as Lie, statement of Manikant will be
considered as Truth.
We observe that there is no contradiction whatsoever with this assumption. So, Tushar is definitely the
robber.
If we assume Gaurav as the robber, then also statements of Tushar and Manikant will be considered as
truth which is a contradiction.

2. In a hostel, there are three different types of football fans - Barcelona, Chelsea and Manchester
United fans.
Barcelona fan always tell the truth, Chelsea fan always lie and Manchester united fan tell the truth
and lie alternating (they can tell truth first or lie first). Three persons (of different following) from
this hostel gave the following statements.
GAURAV: BHAVYA is a Barcelona fan; I am Manchester united fan.
NIKHIL: GAURAV is a Chelsea fan; I am a Barcelona fan.
BHAVYA: NIKHIL is a Chelsea fan; I am a Manchester united fan.
GAURAV is a fan of which Football club?
A. Barcelona fan B. Chelsea fan
C. Manchester united fan D. Either 1 or 3
Solution
Option B
Let’s assume that Gaurav is a Barcelona fan. It means Gaurav is a Truth teller. It means both of his
statements should be considered as Truth. But his statements cannot be true as Gaurav cannot be both
Barcelona fan and Manchester united fan and both Bhavya and Gaurav cannot be Barcelona fans.
Therefore, our assumption is wrong. That means Gaurav is definitely not a Barcelona fan.
Now, take the second assumption that Nikhil is a Barcelona fan. It means Nikhil is a Truth teller. It means
both of his statements should be considered as Truth. There is no contradiction in Nikhil’s statements if
we consider it as True. Now, as per Nikhil, Gaurav is Chelsea fan (a liar) and therefore, BHAVYA should be
a MANCHESTER UNITED FAN (an alternator).
If Gaurav is a Chelsea fan, both of his statements should be lie. If we consider both the statements as lie,
again there is no contradiction.
If BHAVYA is a Manchester united fan, he must be an alternator. That means one of his statements should
come out as truth. We can check that his first statement is a Lie and second is a Truth. So, there is no
contradiction overall. It means that our assumption is correct.
Therefore, we can conclude that Gaurav is a Chelsea fan.

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</DIY/>
Chandan, Manikant and Tarun participated in a Cricket game and one of them won the match.
They follow three different IPL clubs - CSK, MI and RCB.
CSK fan always speaks the truth.
MI fan always lie.
RCB fan tell the truth and lie alternatively. (Each of Chandan, Manikant and Tarun follow only one
Cricket club.)
After the game, they gave the statements as given below.
Chandan:
If Tarun had not disturbed me on the last ball, i would have won the match.
Tarun always speaks the truth.
Manikant:
Chandan won the match.
Tarun is not a MI fan.
Tarun:
I hadn’t disturbed Chandan on the last ball.
Manikant won the match.

Using the information from above question solve the following problems.
1. Tarun follows which Cricket club?
A. CSK B. MI C. RCB D. Either B or C

2. Who won the Match?

A. Manikant B. Tarun C. Chandan D. Data Inadequate

#Code with KodNest Page | 107

Topic 23: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

TOPIC 23
PERMUTATION & COMBINATION
1. Find the number of 4 letter words, with or without meaning, which can be formed out of the letters
of the word R O S E, provided repetition of letters is NOT allowed.
Solution
R O S E
4 letter words
• The first place can be filled in 4 different ways. (by any of the 4 letters)
• For every choice at the first place, we have remaining 3 choices at the second place.
So, 2nd place can be filled in 3 ways.
• For every choice at first & 2nd place, we have remaining 2 choices at the 3rd place.
So, 3rd place can be filled in 2 ways.
• For every choice at 1st, 2nd & 3rd place, we have the remaining 1 choice to fill the 4 th place.
So, 4th place can be filled in 1 way.
⇒ Total ways = 4x3x2x1
If Repetition is allowed.
4 ways × 4 ways × 4 ways × 4 ways = 256 ways.

2. Given 4 flags of different colors, how many different signals can be generated, if a signal requires
the use of 2 flags, one above the other?
Solution

Flag 1 Flag 2 Flag 3 Flag 4

SIGNAL

4ways Top place can have any of the 4 flags

⇒ 4 choices.
3ways For every choice of top flag, we have
remaining 3 choices to take for bottom space.
⇒ Total signals = 4 × 3 = 12 ways

3. How many 2-digit even number can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if the digits can be
repeated?
Solution
1 2 3 4 5
Two-digit even number
To get even no., we can have only even digits at unit place. (i.e. 2 & 4 only)
_5_ × _2_ = 10

(Any of the 5 digits) (2 or 4 only)

5 ways 2 ways
(Repetition is allowed)

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4. Find the no. of different signals that can be generated by arranging at least 2 flags (one below the other)
on a vertical staff, if five different flags are available.
Solution
5 flags flag 1 ,2 ,3, 4 ,5
Case1: Signal type I (exactly 2 flags)

5 ways ⇒ 5 × 4 = 20 ways.

4 ways

Case 2: Signal type II (exactly 3 flags)

5 ways

4 ways ⇒ 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 ways

3 ways

Case 3: Signal type III (exactly 4 flags)

⇒ 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 120 ways
Case 4: Signal type IV (exactly 5 flags)
⇒ 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 ways
Total = 20 + 60 + 120 + 120 = 320 different signals.

5. Find number of permutations of the letters of the word A L L A H A B A D

Solution
A A A A L L H B D 9 letters (4 of one kind and 2 of other)
4 2
9!
Permutations =
4! × 2!

6. Find number of permutations of the letters of the word I N S T I T U T E.

Solution
I I T T T N S U E 9 letters(2 of one kind and 3 of other)
2 3
9!
Permutations =
3! × 2!

7. How many 4 digits numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
Solution
9!
9× 8×7×6 Or 9P4 = = 3024
(9−4)!

8. How many numbers lying between 100 and 1000 can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5, if repetition
of the digits is not allowed?
Solution
Numbers lying between 100 and 1000 are all 3-digit numbers.
_6 × _5 × _4 ⇒ Permutations of 6 digits taken 3 at a time = 6P3
But this is not the correct count.
Because in this count, you are also counting 3-digit numbers starting with 0 [ex. 012, 023, 045, 053, etc]
which are not 3-digit numbers technically.
So, we must subtract those numbers from this count.
Permutations possible with 0 at first place.
0 ___ ___

5 ways × 4 ways = 20 ways.

⇒ Correct count = 6 × 5 × 4 – 20 = 100

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Topic 23: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

9. Find the number of different 8 letter arrangements that can be made from the letters of the word
D A U G H T E R so that
I. All vowels are together

D A U G H T E R 8 letters

AUE DGHTR 6 objects

(Think that all the vowels are together inside a block box and you can move the box in making an
arrangement. Count this box as 1 object)
Permutations of 6 distinct objects = 6!
[Now, take permutation or rearrangement of vowels also] -> each of 6! permutations give you 3!
arrangements of vowels
Permutations keeping vowels together = 6! × 3! = 4320

II. All vowels do not occur together.

Required count = Total permutations of 8 distinct letters – permutations with all vowels together
= 8! – 6! × 3! = 36000

10. Find the number of arrangements of the letters of the word INDEPENDENCE.
In how many of these arrangements,
I. do the words start with P.?
EEEE NNN DD IPC
4 3 2
P_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
11 places (to be filled by E E E E N N N D D I C )
4 3 2
11!
⇒
4! 3! 2!

II. all vowels occur together

Vowels: E E E E I Think all the vowels packed inside a black box.

8!
EEEE I NNN DD PC But this is not the correct count because
3! 2!
Count as 1 3 2 we can also internally arrange E & I in the
box itself while keeping them together.

8! 5!
Correct Count = ×
3! 2! 4!

III. All vowels never occur together

= Total arrangements - Total arrangements keeping all vowels together
12! 8! 5!
= - × 4!
4! 3! 2! 3! 2!

IV. do the words begin with I and end with P

I_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _P_

10!
3! 4! 2!

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RANK of a Word
To find the rank of a given word basically means finding out the position of the word when all the possible
words have been formed (using all the letters exactly once) and then arranging, them as in a dictionary.
Ex. P O I N T find the rank
Step 1: Arrange the letters in alphabetical order.
i.e., I N O P T
Step 2: We want P at first place.
So, all the permutations starting with I, N and O will come before the word POINT
i. I at first place

I ___ ___ ___ ___ = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

4×3×2×1

ii. N at first place

N ___ ___ ___ ___ = 4! = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

4×3×2×1

iii. O at first place

O ___ ___ ___ ___ = 4! = 24 words. (COUNT ALL)

iv. P at first place

(DON’T COUNT ALL)
P ___ ___ ___ ___ (as the given word will come in between somewhere)

Step 3:
Fix P at first place & move on to next place.
INOPT P ___ ___ ___ ___

P I ___ ___ ___ COUNT ALL

3! = 6 words.

P N ___ ___ ___ COUNT ALL

3! = 6 words.

P O ___ ___ ___ DON’T COUNT ALL as POINT will come in P O ___ ___ ___
series of arrangements.
Step 4:
Fix P O and move on to next position
I N O P T

P O ___ ___ ___

P O I ___ ___P O I N T required position

series. P O I T N
then
Rank of given word = 24 + 24 + 24 +6 + 6 + Next (+1)
= 84 + Next (+1) = 85th word is POINT

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Topic 23: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

11. In how many ways can three persons be seated in 5 chairs?

Solution
P1 P2 P3

3 P3 can choose any of the remaining

3 chairs for every choice of P1
4 and P2.

P2 can choose any of the remaining 4 chairs.

P1 can choose any of the 5 chairs.
5 × 4 × 3 = 60 ways.
# Each person can take exactly one chair at a time & therefore it is a question of arrangements (without
repetition)
OR
3 chairs can be selected from 5 chairs in 5C3 ways and then for every selection, the 3 persons can be
arranged in 3! ways.
5!
⇒ 5C3 × 3! = × 3! = 60 ways.
3!2!

12. Athletics club has 6 coaches, viz A, B, C, D, E & F. A panel of coaches comprising of 3 members has to
be formed.
I. In how many ways can the panel be formed?
Solution
A B C D E F

6!
3-member panel 6C 3 =
3!3!
= 20 ways.
II. In how many ways can the panel be formed if coach E has to be definitely included?
Solution
A B C D E F

E + 2 member Remaining 2 members can be chosen from

the remaining 5 coaches (except E) in 5C2 ways.

III. In how many ways can the panel be formed if each E has to be definitely excluded?
Solution
A B C D E F

3 members 3 members can be selected from the remaining 5

coaches (except E) in 5C3 ways.
5!
= = 10 ways
3!2!

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IV. In how many ways can the panel be formed if coach C and F should be there together if at all any
one of them is there on the panel?
Solution
Possible cases:
i. If C is included, F will also be there (⇒ Both C & F included)

ii. If F is included, C will also be there (Both C & F included, i.e., same as first one)

ii. If C is not included, F cannot be on panel also because otherwise the given condition would violate.
(Both C & F excluded)

Both included Both excluded

CF
CF 4C 3 ways.
4C 1 ways
⇒ 4 C 1 + 4C 3 = 4 + 4 = 8

V. In how many ways can the panel be formed if each E and coach B cannot be together on the panel?
Solution
Method I

Total no. of ways - EB

E B together on panel

= 20 - 4C 1 = 16 ways.
Method II
Possible cases B
i. If E is on panel, B will not be. E 4C 2

ii. If B is on panel, E will not be. B E 4C 2

iii. If B is not on panel, E can also not be. The question says they cannot be together
ON THE PANEL. This means they can be together outside but not inside.
EB

3 members 4 C3 = 4

⇒ 4C2 + 4C2 + 4C3 = 6 + 6 + 4 = 16 ways.

VI. In how many ways can the panel be formed if exactly one among B and E should be included?
Solution
Case 1 Case 2
B E

E B
4C 2 4C 2

6 + 6 = 12

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Topic 23: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

13. 10 persons are waiting in a queue. In how many ways can a selection of 6 be made so that
I. A specific person is always included?
Solution
Specific person + 9 others

Group of 6 Specific person + 5

9C 5
ways
= 126 ways.
II. A specific person is always excluded?
Specific person + 9 others

Group of 6 9C 6 = 84 ways.

14. A cultural committee of 8 persons is to be formed from 9 Asians and 5 Africans. In how many ways
can it be done when the committee consists of
I. Exactly 3 Africans

3 Africans + 5 Asians committee of 8

3 Africans out of 5 can be chosen in 5C3 ways following which 5 Asians out of 9 can be chosen in 9C5 ways.
By fundamental principle of counting,
5C3 × 9C5 =1260 ways.

II. At least 3 Africans

⇒ exactly 3 Africans + Exactly 4 + Exactly 5

3 5 4 4 5 3
Africans Asians Africans Asians Africans Asians

5C 3
× 9C 5 + 5C 4 × 9C 4 + 5 C 5 × 9C 3

1260 + 630 + 84 = 1974 ways.

15. Out of 6 consonants and 3 vowels, how many words can be made so that each words contains 2
consonants & 3 vowels?
Solution
2 consonants 3 vowels 5 letter word
out of 6 out of 3

6C 2 × 3C 3

The question is about permutations not combinations. So, 5 letters can be arranged in 5! ways.
Hence,
No. of words possible = 6C2 × 3C3 × 5!
= 1800

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16. Find the number of ways in which a selection of 4 letters can be made from the word DISTILLATIONS.
Solution
D I S T I L L A T I O N S
I I I S S T T L L A O N D

Triplet Pair Single

Note points:
• There are 8 distinct letters in the word DISTILLATIONS.
• The question is about selections. This means we have to think like:
➢ I can be selected 3 times (or less)
➢ S, T, L can be chosen 2 times (or less)
➢ A, O, N, D can be chosen only 1 time (or less)
To find the number of selections in this situation, we will have to make cases. The possible cases are:
Case 1
(a) All the 4 letters selected are distinct from each other.
4 distinct letters can be chosen from 8 distinct letters in
8C4 ways = 70 ways.

Case 2
(b) 3 letters are of same kind and more different
3 letters are of same kind. Only I can be chosen 3 times.

3I one other kind

1C 1 × 7 C1 the 4th letter can be chosen from 7 other

letters in 7C1 ways.
1 × 7 = 7 ways.
Case 3
(c) 2 letters are of same kind & other 2 also same but of other kind
Only I, S, T, L can be chosen two times.
From I, S, T, L, we have to choose any 2 pairs.
⇒ 4 pairs C2pairs = 6 ways.
(d) 2 letters are of same kind & 2 other distinct.

I One letter 1 pairs 2 distinct 2 distinct letter can be chosen

S is used up from the remaining 7 letters.
T
L 4 pairC1 pair × 7C2
= 84 ways.
∴ 70 + 7 + 6 + 84 = 167 selections

Extending the question.

How many permutations (or arrangements) of 4 letters can be made?
➢ Now the question is on permutations. Therefore, the order in which the letters occur is also of
significance.
So, we will have to take this into our counting & make the necessary changes in all the 4 cases.
Case 1 All distinct
Previously Now
8C4 = 70 8C4 × 4! All distinct
Case 2 3 of same kind & one different Now
4!
7 ways 7× [3!] 3 are of same kind.

Case 3 2 same & other 2 Now

4!
also, same but of other kind. 4C 2 × [2!2!]
4C 2
= 6 ways.
Case 4 2 of same kind and other 2 distinct
4!
4C 1 × 7C 2 84 × [ ] 2 of same kind.
2!
= 84 ways.

#Code with KodNest Page | 115

Topic 23: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

</DIY/>

1. When 3 dice are simultaneously thrown, which of the following would be obtained?
A. Result 1: A 5, a 3 and a 6. B. Result 2: A 5 three times.
C. Result 3: A 5 twice and A 3. D. All three results are equally likely.

2. How many factors does 6400 have?

A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27

3. In how many different ways can the letters of the word 'LEADING' be arranged in such a way that
the vowels always come together?
A. 360 B. 480 C. 720 D. 5040

4. From a group of 7 men and 6 women, five persons are to be selected to form a committee so that
at least 3 men are there on the committee. In how many ways can it be done?
A. 564 B. 645 C. 735 D. 756

5. In how many different ways can the letters of the word 'MATHEMATICS' be arranged so that the
vowels always come together?
A. 10080 B. 4989600 C. 120960 D. None of these

6. How many arrangements will start and end with a vowel for TOGETHER?
A. 1060 B. 1080 C. 2024 D. 1050

7. In how many ways can an animal trainer arrange 5 lions and 4 tigers in a row so that no two lions
are together?
A. 2880 B. 1440 C. 5760 D. None of these

8. If a man is given 5 numeric digits and 4 alphabets, how many alphanumeric words can be formed
using exactly 2 digits and 3 alphabets?
A. 40 B. 120 C. 3600 D. 4800

9. How many positive integers less than 500 can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 5, each digit
being used only once.
A. 52 B. 68 C. 66 D. 34

10. How many integers in the given below set do not contain the digit 7.
1000, 1001, 1002, ……………………….., 9998,9999
A. 5832 B. 2888 C. 1444 D. 6746

11. How many 6-digit even numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 so that the
digits should not repeat and the second last digit is even?
A. 320 B. 6480 C. 2160 D. 720

12. How many three-digit numbers ‘abc’ are formed where at least two of the three digits are same.
A. 250 B. 252 C. 300 D. 280

13. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9, which are divisible by
5 and none of the digits is repeated?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

14. 23 people are there and they are shaking hands together. How many handshakes are possible, if
they are in pairs of cyclic sequence.
A. 23 B. 20 C. 22 D. 1

15. The number of factors common to 30^11 and 70^13 is

A. 144 B. 156 C. 168 D. 136

16. In a cycle race, there are 5 persons named as J, K, L, M and N participating for 5 positions. In how
many ways can M finish before N?
A. 55 B. 50 C. 60 D. 36

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TOPIC 24
PROBABILITY
1. A ball is picked at random from one of the two boxes. It turns out to be black. Find the probability that
it is from box 1.
Solution

Box1 Box 2
White 3 1 10 Balls
Black 2 4
2
Box 1 P(Box1 ∩ Black) [ ]2 1
10
Probability ( )= = 2+4 = =
Black P(Black) [ ] 6 3
10
OR
Box 1 Black balls from Box1 2 1
P( )= = =
Black No of black balls 2+4 3

favourable
=
conditional sample space

2. If 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the one die shows up 2 and the other
shows up 5?
Solution
Sample space = 36
(1−6) (1−6)
1 2 3 4 5 6 ×
6ways 6ways
Favourable: (2,5) & (5,2) = 2 outcomes favourable
2 1
P= =
36 18

3. If two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that 1 st dice shows up 6 and the second
dice does not show up 6?
Solution
2nd
1 st 1
6 2
3
4
5
5
⇒P = # Based on the language used, (6,1) is favourable outcome but (1,6) is not.
36

4. When two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum obtained is less than 9?
Solution
Sum ≥ 9 Σ=9 Σ = 10 Σ = 11 Σ = 12
(6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
(3,6) (4,6) (5,6)
(4,5) (5,5)
(5,4)

10 5
P (Σ ≥ 9) = = 10
36 18
36−10 26 13 5 13
P (Σ < 9) = = = or 1 – =
36 36 18 18 18

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Topic 24: PROBABILITY

5. When three dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that 1 st dice shows up a prime
number and the second dice shows up an odd number & third die shows an odd prime number?
Solution
I II III
Prime no Odd number Odd prime
(2,3,5) (1,3,5) (3,5)
3 3 2
P (Prime) = P (odd no) = P (odd prime) =
6 6 6
1 1 1
= = =
2 2 3
1 1 1 1
Required probability = × × =
2 2 3 12
OR
3 ways × 3 ways × 2 ways
P= (Fundamental principle of counting)
6×6×6

6. If four dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum of the numbers is
exactly 20?
Solution
Sample space = 64 or 1296
Favourable (Sum = 20)
Case I = Three 6
4!
(6,6,6,2) =4
3!
Case II = Two 6
4!
(6,6,5,3) = 12
2!
4!
(6,6,4,4) =6
2!2!
Case III = One 6
4!
(6,5,5,4) = 12
2!
Case IV = Zero 6
4!
(5,5,5,5) =1
4!
35
⇒P =
1296

7. If 5 coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of getting exactly 2H.
Solution
Sample space = 25 or 32 ways
Favourable Outcomes
Exactly 2 H ⇒ 2 H & 3 T
H H T T T
5!
Permutations = = 10
2! 3!
favourable count 10 5 5
P= = = OR, P = 5C2 / 25 = (formula wise)
sample space 32 16 16

8. If 4 coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of getting at least 2T.
Solution
P(At least 2 tails) = P = n(exactly 2T + exactly 3T + exactly 4T ) / 24
favourable count 11
= = 4 C 2 + 4 C 3 + 4 C 4 / 24 =
sample space 16

9. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of cards. Find the probability that it is,
(a) a king
favourable count 4 11
P= = [4C1 / 52C1] =
sample space 52 16

(b) a black card

26 1
P= = [ or 26C1 / 52C1]
52 2

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(c) a numbered card

9x4 9
P= = [ or 36C1 / 52C1]
52 13

(d) a diamond
13 1
P= = [ or 13C1 / 52C1]
52 4

(e) a black honour

4+4 1
P= = [ or 8C1 / 52C1]
52 2

10. If two cards are drawn simultaneously. Find the probability of both being
(a) kings
P = 4C2 / 52C2

(b) blacks
P = 26C2 / 52C2

(c) both numbered card

P = 36C2 / 52C2

(d) both diamond

P = 13C2 / 52C2

(e) both black honour

P = 8C2 / 52C2

11. If two cards are drawn at random from a pack of cards, what is the probability that
(a) one of these is a diamond & the other is a heart?
favourable count
P= = 13C1(Diamond) × 13C1 (Heart)/ 52C2
sample space

(b) one of these is a queen and the other is a king?

P = 4C1(Queen) × 4C1 (king)/ 52C2

(c) one is an honour and the other is a numbered card

P = 16C1(Honour) × 36C1 (Numbered card)/ 52C2

(d) both are hearts or both are diamonds

P = 13C2(Both heart) + 13C2 (Both diamond)/ 52C2} This is correct answer by chance as the events ‘’both Hearts’’
and ‘’both Diamonds’’ have nothing in common.
Let Both Hearts = A, both Diamond = B
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) (a heart cannot be diamond & vice versa)
=13C2 / 52C2 + 13C2 / 52C2 - 0

(e) both are kings or both are blacks.

P = 4C2 + 26C2 / 52C2 ---------> incorrect
P (A ∪ B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) (Black king)
=4C2 / 52C2 + 26C2 / 52C2 - 2C2 / 52C2

12. When three cards are drawn simultaneously from a pack of cards, what is the probability that one of
them is a heart, another a diamond and the rest one a club.
Solution
favourable count
P= = 13C1(Diamond) × 13C1 (Heart) × 13C1 (Club)/ 52C3
sample space

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Topic 24: PROBABILITY

13. If two balls are drawn simultaneously from a box containing 6 green, 2 blue and 7 black balls, what
is the probability that
(a) one is a green & other is a black
P = 6C1 × 7C1 / 15C2

(b) both are of same colour

P = Both green or both black or both white / 15C2
P = 6C2 + 7C2 + 2C2 – 0 / 15C2

(c) both are of different colour

P = Green blue or Green Black or black blue / 15C2
P = (6C1 × 2C1 + 6C1 × 7C1 +2C1 × 7C1) /15C2

14. When 2 balls are drawn in succession with replacement from a box consisting of 6 white & 8 black
balls, find the probability that
(a) both are whites
P (Both white) = P(W1st ∩ W2nd) = P(W1st) × P(W2nd/ W1st)
=(6C1 / 14C1) × (6C1 / 14C1)

(b) both are blacks

P(Both blacks) = P(Black in 1st draw ∩ Black in 2nd draw)
= P(B1) × P(B2/ B1)
= P(B1) × P(B2) (as B1 & B2 are Independent P (B2/ B1) = P(B2)) = (8C1 / 14C1) × (8C1 / 14C1)

(c) The first is a white & second is a black

P = (W1 ∩ B2) = P = (W1) × P(B2)
=(6C1 / 14C1) × ( 8C1 / 14C1)

</DIY/>

1. A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag. The
probability that all of them are red is:
A. 1/22 B. 3/22 C. 2/91 D. 2/77

2. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The probability
that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is:
A. 21/46 B. 15/46 C. 25/46 D. 22/46

3. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
A. 10/21 B. 11/21 C. 2/7 D. 5/7

4. 10 men and 10 women are there, they dance with each other. Is there a possibility that 2 men are
dancing with same women and vice versa?
A. 1 B. 1/2 C. 2/3 D. Never E. None of these

5. For the FIFA world cup, Paul the octopus has been predicting the winner of each match with
amazing success. It is rumoured that in a match between 2 teams A and B, Paul picks A with the
same probability as A's chances of winning. Let's assume such rumours to be true and that in a
match between Ghana and Bolivia, Ghana the stronger team has a probability of 2/3 of winning the
game. What is the probability that Paul will correctly pick the winner of the Ghana-Bolivia game?
A. 1/9 B. 4/9 C. 5/9 D. 2/3

6. After the typist writes 12 letters and addresses 12 envelopes, she inserts the letters randomly into
the envelopes (1 letter per envelope). What is the probability that exactly 1 letter is inserted in an
improper envelope?
A. 1/12 B. 0 C. 12/212 D. 11/12

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7. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the probability of
getting a prize?
A. 1/10 B. 2/5 C. 2/7 D. 5/7

8. A 5-digit number is formed by the digits 2,4,5,6,8 (each digit used exactly once). What is the probability
that the number formed is divisible by 4?
A. 1/5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 2/5

9. Aniket and Kumari are a married couple. They have two kids, one of them is a girl. Assume safely that
the probability of each gender is 1/2.What is the probability that the other kid is also a girl?
A. 1/2 B. 1/3 C. 2/3 D. None of these

10. A man speaks truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports it to be a 6. What is the probability of
it being a 6?
A. 3/8 B. 1/8 C. 1/4 D. 1/2

11. 2 containers labelled A and B are filled with red and blue marbles in given quantities: -
Container RED BLUE
A 6 4
B 60 40
Each container is shaken vigorously. After choosing 1 of the containers, without looking, draw out a
marble. From which container you have the max probability of choosing a blue marble?
A. Container A (6 red, 4 blue)
B. Container B (60 red, 40 blue)
C. Equal chances from each container
D. None of these

#Code with KodNest Page | 121

Topic 25: MISSING NUMBER

TOPIC 25
MISSING NUMBER
Find the missing number in the following problems:

1. 4 8 20
9 3 15
6 6 ?
A. 22 B. 18 C. 16 D. 20
Solution
4 + 8 × 2 = 20, 9 + 3 × 2 = 15
Therefore, ? = 6 + 6 × 2 = 18

2. 18 16 7
35 25 ?
7 23 58
24 32 65
A. 17 B. 15 C. 13 D. 14
Solution
35 + 7 - 18 = 24 , 25 + 23 - 16 = 32
Therefore, ? + 58 - 7 = 65 which gives ? = 14

3. 2 4 6
6 2 4
4 ? 2
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
Solution
The sum of all the elements of each row is 12. Therefore ? = 6

4. 15 225 30
7 70 20
3 ? 8
A. 12 B. 24 C. 16 D. 70
Solution
If we observe row-wise-
15 × 30/2 = 225
7 × 20/2 = 70
3 × 8/2 = 12

5. 7 6 8
5 4 9
3 2 1
83 56 ?
A. 128 B. 146 C. 148 D. 136
Solution
72 + 52 + 32 = 83, 62 + 42 + 22 = 56, 82 + 92 + 12 = 146

6. 874
1 3 5
2 4 6
3 1 9
1 7 ?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 2
Solution
135 + 246 + 319 + 17? = 874 gives ? = 4

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7.
10
5 ?

122 50

A. 26 B. 27 C. 25 D. 23
Solution
In clock-wise direction, we observe,
5 = 22 + 1, 10 = 32 + 1, ? = _2 + 1 , 50 = 72 + 1, 122 = 112 + 1.
It is a series of prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11.
Therefore, ? = 52 + 1 = 26.
8.

11 12 14 10

84 ?

6 8 7 8

figure 1 figure 2
A. 84 B. 74 C. 94 D. 104
Solution
In figure 1, we observe,
11 × 12 – 6 × 8 = 84
Similarly, in figure 2,
? = 14 × 10 – 7 × 8 = 84

</DIY/>
Find the missing number in the following problems:
1. 4 7 9
8 6 8
3 7 9
35 49 ?
A. 89 B. 81 C. 64 D. 63

2. 4 5 6
2 3 7
1 8 3
21 98 ?
A. 73 B. 16 C. 94 D. 76

3. 36 25 64
16 9 36
4 1 ?
A. 49 B. 16 C. 64 D. 25

4.
343 ?

64
4
11 7

A. 1321 B. 1331 C C. 1231 D. 1332

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Topic 25: MISSING NUMBER

5.
14 12 9 11

36
54

7 3 16 ?

A. 16 B. 12 C. 17 D. 18 C

6.
?

137 8 2

17

A. 907 B. 1097 C. 97 D. 9107

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TOPIC 26
NON-VERBAL REASONING
Find the mirror and water image

1.

MIRROR IMAGE

WATER IMAGE

2.

MIRROR IMAGE

WATER IMAGE

3.

MIRROR IMAGE

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Topic 26: NON-VERBAL RESONING

4.

✔
MIRROR IMAGE

5.

A. B. C. D. ✔

6.

A. B. C. D. ✔
7.

A. ✔ B. C. D.

A transparent sheet of paper is folded as shown in the given figures and some markings are made.
When the paper is unfolded how will the mark appear? Choose the correct option.

1.

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2.

✔
Find the correct option among the given choices as to how the pattern would appear when the
transparent sheet of paper is folded along the dotted line.
3.

✔
Identify the figure which satisfies the same conditions of dot placements as in the figure X.

1.

Figure X

Answer Figure: D

2.

Figure X

Answer Figure: A

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Topic 26: NON-VERBAL RESONING

Find out the correct figure which contains figure X as its part.

1.

Figure X

Answer Figure: D

2.

Figure X

Answer Figure: C

3.

Figure X

Answer Figure: D

4.

Figure X

Answer Figure: D

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</DIY/>

Find the mirror and water image.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

A transparent sheet of paper is folded as shown in the given figures and some markings are made.
When the paper is unfolded how will the mark appear? Choose the correct option.

6.

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Topic 26: NON-VERBAL RESONING

Find the correct option among the given choices as to how the pattern would appear when the
transparent sheet of paper is folded along the dotted line.
7.

Identify the figure which satisfies the same conditions of dot placements as in the figure X.
8.

Figure X
9.

Figure X

Find out the correct figure which contains figure X as its part.

10.

11.

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TOPIC 27
FIGURE PATTERNS
1.

Solution

2.

Solution

Ans – 1

3.

Solution

Ans - 2

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Topic 27: FIGURE PATTERNS

4.

Solution

NW NE NW NE

SE SW

900 900 900 900 900

Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise

Ans - 4

5.

Solution
Pattern: Dots are decreasing by 2 and cross are increasing by 1. So, from fig. E to Ans, number of dots will
become 4-2 = 2 and crosses will become 4+1 = 5
So, Ans – fig. 3

6.

Solution
The last symbol in clockwise sense is becoming the last symbol in anti-clockwise sense in the next figure.
So, the answer figure will be

Ans – 4.

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</DIY/>
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

#Code with KodNest Page | 133

Topic 28: BLOOD RELATION

TOPIC 28
BLOOD RELATION
1. A man pointing to a photograph says, “The lady in the photograph is my nephew’s maternal
grandmother’’. How is the lady in the photograph related to the man’s sister who has no other sister
and no brother?
A. Mother B. Cousin C. Mother-in-law D. Sister-in -law
Solution
E_
Grandma Lady in photograph

MAN
Me (A)+ …………………….. C _ D+

nephew

B+
Decode: C is the sister of A Ans. (a) MOTHER
E is the mother of C

2. Pointing to a lady, a person said, “The son of her only brother is the brother of my wife.” How is the
lady related to the person?
A. Maternal aunt B. Grandmother
C. Sister of Father-in-law D. None of these
Solution
Lady Person
P_ 1Q+ (A) B_ C+

SON(C)
JOIN THE TREES.
Lady
P_ 1Q+

Person
C+ B_ A+

Q is Father-in-law of A. option (c)

P is sister of father-in-law of A

3. Pointing to a photograph Anjali said, “He is the son of the only son of my grandfather.” How is the
man in the photograph related to Anjali?
A. Brother B. Uncle C. Son D. Data is inadequate
Solution
GF+(A)

ONLY SON B+

Anjali _ C+ Man in the photograph

C + is brother to Anjali.
(a)

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4. Pointing to a woman, Abhijit said, “Her granddaughter is the only daughter of my brother.” How is the
woman related to Abhijit?
A. Sister B. Grandmother C. Mother-in-law D. Mother
Solution
WOMAN C _

Abhijit+ A+

1B _
WOMAN (C _ ) is MOTHER to Abhijit.

5. Pointing towards a man, a woman said, “His mother is the only daughter of my mother.” How is the
woman related to the man?
A. Mother B. Grandmother C. Sister D. Daughter
Solution
M_

WOMAN (A_)

MAN (C +) A _ is MOTHER to C +

6. Pointing to Varman, Madhav said, “I am the only son of one of the sons of his father.” How is Varman
related to Madhav?
A. Nephew B. Uncle C. Father or Uncle D. Father
Solution
X+

Varman A+ B+ C+ D+

(OR) (OR)
MADHAV MADHAV
Varman is either father or uncle of Madhav.

7. Introducing a woman, Shashank said, “She is the mother of the only daughter of my son.” How that
woman is related to Shashank?
A. Daughter B. Sister-in-law C. Wife D. Daughter-in-law
Solution
Shashank +
X

SON (A +) B_
Woman

P(1) _
Woman is Daughter-in-law of Shashank

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Topic 28: BLOOD RELATION

8. Pointing to a photograph, X said to his friend Y, “She is the only daughter of the father of my mother.”
How X is related to the person of photograph?
A. Daughter B. Son C. Nephew D. Cannot be decided
Solution
F+

M_
Person in photograph

X+
X is SON to M _ ⇒ option (b) SON

9. Pointing to a woman, a man says, “Her mother is the only daughter of my mother-in-law”. How
is the woman related to the man?
A. Sister B. Daughter C. Aunt
D. Data is insufficient E. None of these
Solution
P_

ONLY

MAN (A +) B_

WOMAN (C _)
C is Daughter of A.

10. Pointing to a person, Deepak said, “His only brother is the father of my daughter’s father”. How is
the person related to Deepak?
A. Father B. Grandfather C. Uncle D. Brother-in-law
Solution
F+ Person

UNCLE (option c)
Deepak +

A_

11. Pointing out to a photograph, a man tells his friend, “She is the daughter of the only son of my
father’s wife”. How is the girl in photograph related to the man?
A. Niece B. Daughter C. Mother D. None of these
Solution

P+ Q_

MAN (A+)

photograph
D_

D _ is Daughter to A+

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12. Deepak said to Nitin, “That boy playing with the football is the younger of the two brothers of the
daughter of my father’s wife. “How is the boy playing football related to Deepak?
A. Son B. Brother C. Cousin D. Brother-in-law
Solution
A+ B

Deepak+ Brother playing D_

football

The boy playing football is brother of Deepak.

13. Rita told Mani, ‘’The girl I met yesterday at the beach was the youngest daughter of the brother-in-law
of my friend’s mother. How is the girl related to Rita’s friend?
A. Daughter B. Niece C. Friend D. Cousin
Solution

B_ C+ E_

Rita Friend Youngest

A D_
Girl at the beach.
A & D_ are children of real sisters B and E, and therefore they are cousins.
D_ is cousin of Rita’s friend(A)

14. Aditya is Bhavi’s brother; Bharat is Jayant’s father. Ella is Bhavi’s mother. Aditya and Jayant are
brothers. What is Ella’s relationship with Bharat?
A. Sister B. Mother C. Daughter
D. Wife E. None of these
Solution
Aditya+ Bhavi Ella _ Aditya+ Jayant+
Bharat+

Jayant Bhavi

Bharat Ella _

⇒ Bharat is husband of Ela.

or
Jayant+ Aditya+ Bhavi Ella is wife of Bharat (d)

15. B is the only daughter-in-law of A. M is the only grandson of A. P is M’s father. How is P related to B?
A. Husband B. Son-in-law C. Son D. Wife
Solution
A

ONLY

B_ P+

ONLY

M+

P is husband of B.

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Topic 28: BLOOD RELATION

16. E is the only son of F. E is married to G and C is the only daughter of G. How C is related to E?
A. Granddaughter B. Daughter C. Sister D. Son
Solution
F

ONLY C _ is daughter to E +

E+ G_

ONLY

C_

17. Priya is the sister of Kirti. Ramesh is the son of Kirti. Karan is the brother of Ramesh. How is Karan
related to Priya?
A. Nephew B. Brother C. Son D. Cannot determine
Solution
Priya_ Kirti

Karan+ Ramesh+
Karan is nephew to Priya.

18. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A – B means A is the sister of B and A x B means A is the father
of B. Which of the following means that C is the son of M?
A. M – N ×C + F B. M × N - C + F C. F – C + N × M D. N + M – F × C
Solution

+ brother + sister × father

(a) M - N × C + F
sister father Brother M_ N+

aunt
nephew
C+ F
Here, C is nephew of M.

(b) M × N - C + F M+
F S B

N_ C+ F
correct
Here, C is the son of M. So, this option is correct

(c) F_ - C+ + N+ × M
S B F
N+ C+ F_

M
Here, C is uncle of M

(d) N+ + M_ - F+ × C
B S F
We cannot confirm the gender of C even if we draw the diagram. So, C is son cannot be confirmed from this.

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</DIY/>

1. A man pointing to a photograph says, “The lady in the photograph is my nephew's maternal
grandmother”. How is the lady in the photograph related to the man's sister who has no other sister
and no brother?
A. Mother B. Cousin C. Mother-in-law D. Sister-in-law

2. Pointing to a photograph, Aanchal said, "He is the son of the only son of my grandfather." How is Aanchal
related to the man in the photograph?
A. Sister B. Uncle C. Son D. Data is inadequate

3. Pointing a photograph, Kushal said to his friend Atul, "She is the only daughter of the father of my
mother." How is Kushal related to the person of photograph?
A. Daughter B. Son C. Nephew D. Cannot be decided

4. Pointing to a Uday, Shivani said, his mother is the only daughter of my mother. How is Shivani related
to Uday?
A. Mother B. Daughter C. Sister D. Grand Mother

5. Pointing to a woman, a man says, "Her mother is the only daughter of my mother-in-law". How is the
woman related to the man?
A. Sister B. Daughter C. Aunt D. Data is insufficient E. None of these

6. Akash said to Vikaram, "That boy watching TV is the younger of the two brothers of the daughter of my
father's wife." How is the boy watching TV related to Akash?
A. Son B. Brother C. Cousin D. Brother-in-law

7. Rachna told Megha, “The girl we met yesterday was the youngest daughter of the brother-in-law of my
friend's mother”. How is the girl related to Rachna's friend?
A. Daughter B. Niece C. Friend D. Cousin

8. When I met Mr. Harish at a wedding, he pointed out to a person and said, “Kiran is your mother's only
sister's son's wife”. How is Kiran related to me?
A. Nice B. Aunt C. Cousin D. Sister-in-law

9. If X is the brother of the son of Y’s son, how is X related to Y?

A. Son B. Cousin C. Grandson D. Brother

10. How is my father's wife's grandfather's only child's sons is related to me?
A. Brother B. Uncle C. Cousin D. Nephew

11. X's father's wife's father's granddaughter uncle will be related to X as

A. Son B. Nephew C. Uncle D. Grandfather

12. Aditya is Bhavi's brother, Bharat is Jayant's father. Ella is Bhavi's mother. Aditya and Jayant are
brothers. What is Ella's relationship with Bharat?
A. Sister B. Mother C. Daughter D. Wife E. None of these

13. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B and A x B means A is the father of B.
Which of the following means that C is the son of M?
A. M - N x C + F B. M x N - C + F C C. F - C + N x M D. N + M - F x C

#Code with KodNest Page | 139

Topic 29: DIRECTION SENSE

TOPIC 29
DIRECTION SENSE
1. A person travels 6km towards West, then travels 5km towards North, then finally travels 6km
towards West. Where is he, with respect to his starting position?
A. 13km North-east B. 13km East C. 13km North-west D. 13km West
Solution
Journey: 6 km West
5 km North 12km West
6 km West 5km North
√122 + 52 = 13km North-west

2. Manish goes 7 km towards South-East from his house, then he goes 14 km turning to West. After
this, he goes 7 km towards North-West and in the end, he goes 9 km towards East. How far is he
from his house?
A. 5 km B. 2 km C. 7 km D. 14 km E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 7 km South-East
14 km West 14km West
7 km North-West

3. Laxman went 15 kms to the west from his house, then turned left and walked 20 kms. He then
turned East and walked 25 kms and finally turning left covered 20kms. How far was he from his
house?
A. 10 kms. B. 5 kms C. 40 kms. D. 80 kms. E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 15 km West
Left 20 km South
10km East
25 km East
Left 20km North

4. Shiva walked 10m towards West from his house. Then, he walked 5m turning to his left. After this,
he walked 10m turning to his left and in the end, he walked 10m turning to his left. In what direction
is he now, from his starting point?
A. South B. North C. East D. West E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 10m West
5m Left (South)
5km North
10m Left (East)
10m Left (North)

5. A man walks 30 metres towards South. Then, turning to his right, he walks 30 metres. Then turning
to his left, he walks 20 metres, again, he turns to his left and walks 30 metres. How far is he from
his initial position?
A. 20 metres B. 30 metres C. 60 metres D. 80 metres
E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 30m South
30m Right (West) 50km South
20m Left (South)
30m Left (East)

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6. Radha moves towards South-east, a distance of 7m, then she moves towards West and travels a distance
of 14m. From here, she moves towards North-West, a distance of 7m, and finally, she moves a distance
of 4m towards East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point from where she stood?
A. 3 m B. 4 m C. 10 m D. 11 m
Solution
Journey: 7m South-East
14m West
10m West
7m North-West
4m Left East

7. A child was looking for his father. He went 42 metres in the East before turning to his right. He went 20
metres before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle's place 30 metres from this
point. His father was not there. From here, he went 25 metres to the North before meeting his father in
a street. How far did the son meet his father from the starting point?
A. 7 B. 25 C. 13 D. 11
Solution
Journey: 42m East
20m Right (South) 12m East
30m Right (West) 5m North
25m North
√122 + 52 (Pythagoras theorem)
= 13m North-East

8. In the following question, select the right option to depict the correct direction / distance.
Starting from a point, Raju walked 12 metres towards North, he turned right and walked 10 metres, he
again turned right and walked 12 metres, then he turned left and walked 5 metres. How far is he now
and in which direction from the starting point?
A. 27 metres towards East B. 5 metres towards East
C. 10 metres towards West D. 15 metres towards East E. None of these
Solution
Journey: 12m North
10m Right (East)
15m East
12m Right (South)
5m Left (East)

9. If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on. What will West become?
A. North-East B. North-West C. South-East D. South-West
Solution
South West
N

W E
Southeast

East S North

West will become South-East

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Topic 29: DIRECTION SENSE

10. P, Q, R and S are playing a game of carrom. P, R, and S, Q are partners. S is to the right of R who is
facing west. Then Q is facing?
A. North B. South C. East D. West E. None of these
Solution
S

PR N

QS
P W E R (facing west)
(R is partner)

Q
Q (facing North)

</DIY/>

1. Shiva goes 7 km towards South-East from his house, then he goes 14 km turning to his West. After
this, he goes 7 km towards North-West and in the end, he goes 9 km towards East. How far is he
from his house?
A. 5 km B. 2 km C. 7 km D. 14 km E. None of these

2. Shiva walked 10 m towards West from his house. Then, he walked 5 m turning to his left. After
this, he walked 10 m turning to his left and in the end, he walked 10 m turning to his left. In what
direction is he now, from his starting point?
A. South B. North C. East D. West E. None of these

3. A man is facing North-west. He turns 90 degree in the clockwise direction, then 180 degree in the
anti-clockwise direction and then another 90 degree in the same direction. Which direction is he
facing now?
A. South B. South-west C. West D. South-east

4. Rachana moves towards South-east, a distance of 7 km, then she moves towards West and travels
a distance of 14 m. From here, she moves towards North-West, a distance of 7 m, and finally, she
moves a distance of 4 m towards East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point from
where she stood?
A. 3 m B. 4 m C. 10 m D. 11 m

5. A dog runs 20 metre towards East and turns right, runs 10 metre and turns to right, runs 9 metre
and again turns to left, runs 5 metre and then turns to left, runs 12 metre and finally turns to left
and runs 6 metre. Now which direction dog is facing?
A. East B. North C. West D. South

6. Gaurav walks 20 metres towards North. He then turns left and walks 40 metres. He again turns
left and walks 20 metres. Further, he moves 20 metres after turning to the right. How far is he
from his original position?
A. 40 metres B. 50 metres C. 60 metres D. 70 metres

7. A person travels 12 km in the southward direction and then travels 5km to the right and then
travels 15km toward the right and finally travels 5km towards the East. How far is he, from his
starting place?
A. 5.5 kms B. 3 km C. 13 km D. 6.4 km

8. Kailash faces towards North. Turning to his right, he walks 25 m. He then turns to his left and
walks 30 m. Next, he moves 25 m to his right. He then turns to his right again and walks 55 m.
Finally, he turns to the right and moves 40 m. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
A. South-West B. South C. North-West D. South-East E. None of these

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TOPIC 30
VENN DIAGRAM
1. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between CAT, DOG and PET?

Ans

2. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between WOMEN, WIVES and MOTHERS?

Ans

3. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between ENGINEER, TEACHER and WOMEN?

Ans

4. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between SUN, EARTH and MOON?

Ans
5. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between RAIN, LAKE and WATER?

Ans

6. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between SUN, STAR and MOON?

Ans

7. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between UNCLE, RICH and RELATIVES?

Ans

8. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between BROTHER, HUSBAND and MAN?

Ans

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Topic 30: VENN DIAGRAM

9. In the following figure, Square represents the persons who can speak English, Triangle for those
who know Marathi, Hexagon for those who know Hindi and circle for those who know Telugu.
Analyse the different sections in the figure carefully and answer the questions that follow-

a) How many persons can speak only English and Hindi?

Ans 0

b) How many persons can speak both Marathi and Telugu?

Ans 9

c) How many persons can speak only English?

Ans 12

d) How many persons can speak only Hindi?

Ans 7

e) How many persons can speak only Marathi?

Ans 3

f) How many persons can speak only Telugu?

Ans 6

g) How many persons can speak only English and Telugu?

Ans 5

h) How many persons can speak only Marathi and Hindi?

Ans 8

i) How many persons can speak both Marathi and Hindi?

Ans 8+9=17

j) How many persons can speak English, Hindi and Telugu?

Ans 4

k) How many persons can speak English, Hindi and Marathi?

Ans 0

l) How many persons can speak all the languages?

Ans 0

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</DIY/>

1. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between JAIPUR, INDIA and RAJASTHAN?

Ans
2. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between PILOT, PLANE and SKY?

Ans
3. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between GRAIN, PULSE and WHEAT?

Ans
4. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between FEMALE, SISTER and ENGINEER?

Ans

5. Draw Venn diagram which best describes the relationship between RHOMBUS, QUADRILATERAL and
POLYGON?

Ans
6. In the following figure, Square represents the persons who can speak English, Triangle for those who
know Marathi and circle for those who know Hindi. Analyse the different sections in the figure carefully
and answer the questions that follow-

a) How many persons can speak only English and Hindi?

Ans 9
b) How many persons can speak both Marathi and Hindi?
Ans 8+6=14
c) How many persons can speak only English?
Ans 10
d) How many persons can speak only Hindi?
Ans 7
e) How many persons can speak only Marathi?
Ans 5
f) How many persons can speak only Marathi and Hindi?
Ans 6
g) How many persons can speak both Marathi and Hindi?
Ans 8+6=14
h) How many persons can speak all the languages?
Ans 8

#Code with KodNest Page | 145

Topic 31: DATA SUFFICIENCY

TOPIC 31
DATA SUFFICIENCY
1. What is the distance from city A to city C?
S1: Distance from city A to B is 60km
S2: Distance from city B to C is 50km
Solution 60
Cannot answer from S1 only A B
Cannot answer from S2 only 50
60 50
A B C C
We cannot answer using both S1 & S2
∴ No conclusion even if they are combined
2. First day of a month is Thursday. How many days are there in that month?
S1: 25th of a month is Sunday.
S2: 5th Saturday of a month is last day.
A. S1 alone is sufficient B. S2 alone is sufficient
C. S1 & S2 combined is sufficient D. Either s1 or s2 is sufficient
E. No conclusion even if they are taken together.
Solution
Using S1:
If 25th of a month is Sunday, we cannot surely say the number of days in that month.
Using S2:
1st day is Thursday. Therefore, 1st Saturday will fall on 3rd day of that month. Second Saturday will fall
on 10th day. Third, fourth and fifth Saturday will fall on 17th, 24th and 31st day respectively. Hence there
will be 31 days in the month.
⇒ S2 alone is sufficient to answer.

3. 3XY5 is a 4-digit no, then XY is?

S1: XY is divisible by 23
S2: 3XY5 is divisible by 25
Solution
S1: XY is divisible by 23 XY:23, 46, 69, 92
Using S1 alone, we cannot answer.
3XY5
S2: 3XY5 is divisible by 25
25
Y = 2, Y = 7 (2 values for Y) & X can be anything.
Using S2 alone, we cannot answer.
∴ S1 alone is not sufficient.
S2 alone is not sufficient.
Using S1 & S2:
Common value of Y is 2 and X is 2, 4, 6 and 9.
⇒ Both S1 & S2 together are sufficient

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4. Is a > 0?
S1: (a + b)2 < (a - b)2
S2: 2a + 2b < 2a – 2b
Solution
USING S1: a2 + b2 +2ab < a2 + b2 - 2ab
⇒ 4ab < 0
⇒ ab < 0
⇒ a < 0 , b > 0 or a > 0 , b < 0
∴ S1 alone is not sufficient.
USING S2: 2a + 2b < 2a – 2b
⇒ 4b < 0
⇒ b<0
∴ S2 alone is not sufficient.
Using S1 and S2,
Common solution is b < 0 and a > 0
Together, the statements are sufficient to answer the questions.

5. In a school, 35% girls and 19% boys participated in singing. Number of students in school is 700. How
many boys are in school?
S1: No of boys are more than 200
S2: No of students participated is more than 190.
Solution Total students = 700

Girls(G) Boys(B)

35% of G 65% of G 19% of B 81% OF B

35 19
= G = b ⇒ b must be multiple of 100
100 100
Using S1: B > 200 ⇒ B = 300, 400, 500, 600 but not 700
G: 400 300 200 100
S1 alone is not sufficient
Using S2
Students participating > 190
B 100 200 300 400 500 600
19 38 57 76 95 114
G 600 500 400 300 200 100
210 175 140 105 70 35
>190 >190 >190 <190 X <190 X <190 X
S2 alone is not sufficient
Using S1 and S2
⇒ Only B = 300 satisfies S1 and S2.
⇒ B = 300, G = 400

6. What is the rate of interest per annum?

S1: A sum doubles under SI in 4 years.
S2: The difference between SI & CI on an amount of 10000 in 2 years is 625 Rs.
Solution
Using S1:
By using simple interest formula, we can calculate interest.
Using S2:
Using the formula,
(r/100)2 P = (CI – SI)2 years, we can calculate interest.

Therefore, either of the statements is sufficient to answer the given question.

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Topic 31: DATA SUFFICIENCY

</DIY/>

• Each problem consists of a problem followed by two statements. Decide whether the data in the
statements are sufficient to answer the question. Select your answer according to whether:
(a) statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question
(b) statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question
(c) both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement
alone is sufficient
(d) each statement alone is sufficient
(e) statements I and II together are not sufficient, and additional data is needed to answer the
question

1. How much money do Vivek and Suman have together?

I) Suman has 20 rupees less than what Tarun has.
II) Vivek has 30 rupees more than what Tarun has.

2. What is the value of Y?

I) Y^2- 25=0
II) Y<6.

3. What is the cost of each pen?

I) 4 pens and pencils together cost 24Rs.
II) If the cost of each pen is reduced by 50 percent then 16pens and 10 pencils will together cost Rs
50.

4. A sum invested at R percent per annum simple interest. Find R?

I) the sum tripled itself in 16 years.
II) The sum yielded an interest of Rs 750 in the first 6 years.

• Given below is the question followed by two statements, I and II each containing some information.
Decide which if the statement(s) is/are sufficient to answer the question.

5. Five persons - A, B, C, D and E sit around a circular table, facing the centre not necessarily in that
order. Who sits second to the right of D?
I) A sits the immediate right of E, who is not a neighbour of D.
II) B is to the immediate left of D.

A. If only statement II is sufficient to answer the question.

B. If the data in both the statement I and II together are necessary to answer the
question. CORRECT
C. If the data either in statement, I alone or in statement II alone is sufficient to answer
the question.
D. If only statement I id sufficient to answer the question.

6. In a IPL match played between CSK and KKR, the total runs made by the CSK team were 200.
160 runs out of 200 runs were made by spinners.
I) 80% of the team consists of spinners.
II) The opening batsmen were spinners.

A. Only Conclusion I is true

B. Only Conclusion II is true
C. Both Conclusion I and II are true
D. Neither Conclusion I nor II is true correct
D. Either Conclusion I or II is true

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TOPIC 32
DATA INTERPRETATION
The pie chart given below shows the runs scored by Virat Kohli against teams of different countries:

New Zeland
16%
Australia
32%

England
20%

Bangladesh South Africa

8% 24%

1. The runs scored by Kohli against South Africa is more than runs scored against Bangladesh by what
percent?
A. 100% B. 150% C. 200% D. 250%
Solution
South Africa Bangladesh
24% 8%
⇒ 3 : 1
2
2
⇒ % more = × 100 = 200%
1

2. If Kohli scored 1875 runs in total, then what is the difference between runs scored against South Africa
and against NZ?
A. 150 B. 175 C. 200 D. 250
Solution
SA – NZ
8
= (24% -16%) of total runs = 8% of 1875 = × 1875 = 150 runs
100

3. What is the sectorial angle (in degrees) made by the runs scored against Australia in the given pie chart?
A. 106.8 B. 109.6 C. 112.4 D. 115.2
Solution
100% 3600
10% 360
30% 36 × 3 = 1080
+ +
36
2% = 7.20
5
32% 115.20

#Code with KodNest Page | 149

Topic 32: DATA INTERPRETATION

DIRECTIONS (4 – 9)
The following pie chart shows the monthlyRUNS
expenditure of a family on a various item. If the family
spent 825 Rs on clothing, answer the follow questions:

Misc
720
Food
1080
Clothing
360

Savings
540
Rent
900

4. What is the total monthly income of the family?

A. 8025 B. Rs8250 C. Rs8520 D. Rs8052 Rs
Solution
360 Rs 825
3600 Rs 8250
⇒ Total income = Rs 8250

5. What percent of total income does family save?

A. 15% B. 50% C. 10% D. 25%
Solution
54
% savings = × 100 = 15 %
360

6. What is the ratio of expenses on food and miscellaneous?

A. 3:4 B. 3:2 C. 2:3 D. 2:5
Solution
Food Misc
108 : 720
3 : 2

7. What is the average of expenses on clothing and rent?

A. 1443.75 B. 1344.57 C. 1574.34 D. 1734.45
Solution
Clothing Rent
360 900
36+90 126 9 x 4 degrees 36 degrees
Average = = = 630 = 7 × 90 = 7 × =7×
2 2 4 4
825
=7× = 1443.75 Rs
4

8. The ratio of average of expenses on food, clothing, and miscellaneous to the average of expenses on
rent and savings is:
A. 3:2 B. 2:1 C. 1:3 D. 1:1
Solution
Food Clothing Misc Rent Savings
1080 360 720 900 540
108+36+72 12
3 3
Ratio = 90+54 = 8 =4:4
2 2
=1:1

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There are two Pie charts given below. First one shows the participation of all the students in various
extra-curricular activities. Second one shows the participation of all the girls in various extra-
RUNSthem and answer the questions.
curricular activities. Interpret

Craft
Singing Dancing Dancing
22%
21% 24% 20%

Drawing
Swim Singing
16%
16% Craft 28%
25% Swim
Drawing 14%
14%

Total students = 3000 % Break up of girls enrolled in given activities.

Total girls = 1750

9. The numbers of girls enrolled in dancing forms what % of total no of students in the school?
A. 12.35 B. 14.12 C. 10.08 D. 11.67
Solution
20% of 1750
Required % = × 100
3000
350 35 2
= = % =11 = 11.67%
30 3 3

10. What is the ratio of girls enrolled in swimming to the boys into swimming?
A. 47:49 B. 23:29 C. 29:23 D. 49:47
Solution
Girls into swim : Boys into swim
14% of 1750 : 16% of 3000 – 14% of 1750
49 : 96 – 49
49 : 47

11. How many boys are enrolled in singing & craft together?
A. 505 B. 610 C. 485 D. 420
Solution
Boys into singing + craft = total students into singing and craft - Girls into singing and craft
= (25% + 21%) of 3000 – (28% + 22%) of 1750
= 4(300) + 6(30) – 875
= 1200 + 180 – 875
= 505

12. What is the total number of girls enrolled in swimming and drawing together?
A. 480 B. 525 C. 505 D. 495
Solution
Girls into swimming + drawing
(14% + 16%) of 1750
= 30% of 1750 = 3 × 175 = 525

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Topic 32: DATA INTERPRETATION

Given below is a Survey of 7 villages. The pie chart shows what percent of total people surveyed belong
to a certain village. The table shows what percent of population of a village is below poverty line. Based on
this, answer the questions that follows.

Village % Below
Z poverty line
11%
R X 38%
S 16%
11% Y 52%
Y Z 42%
15%
T R 51%
21% S 49%
X
V 16%
10% T 46%
V 58%

13. If the below poverty line population of village X is 12160, then the population of village S is:
A. 18500 B. 20500 C. 22000 D. 20000
Solution
BPLX = 12160
38% of Population of X = 12160
⇒ 38% of (16% of total people surveyed) = 12160
⇒ 16[38% of (11% of total) = 12160 × 11]
38
⇒ 16 × × Pop. Of S = 12160 × 11
100
Pop. Of S = 22000

14. The ratio of the below poverty line population of village T and below poverty population of village
Z is:
A. 11:23 B. 13:11 C. 23:11 D. 11:13
Solution
BPL of village T 46% of Pop.of T
=
BPL of village Z 42% of Pop.of Z
46% of (21% of total pop)
=
42% of (11% of total pop)
23
= = 23:11
11

15. If the population of village R is 32000, then below poverty line population of village Y is:
A. 14100 B. 15600 C. 16500 D. 17000
Solution
Pop. Of R = 32000
16% of total population = 32000
⇒ 1% of total population =2000
⇒ Pop. Of Y = 15% of total population = 30000
⇒ BPL of village Y = 52% of Pop. Of Y = 52% of 30000
= 15000 + 2(300)
= 15600

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</DIY/>

• Study the following table and answer the questions based on it-
YEAR ITEM OF EXPENDITURE
SALARY FUEL AND BONUS INTEREST TAXES
TRANSPORT ON LOANS
1998 288 98 3.00 23.4 83
1999 342 112 2.52 32.5 108
2000 324 101 3.84 41.6 74
2001 336 133 3.68 36.4 88
2002 420 142 3.96 49.4 98

1. The total expenditure of the company on these items in the year 2000 is?
A. Rs. 544.44 lakhs B. Rs. 501.11 lakhs
C. Rs. 446.46 lakhs D. Rs. 478.87 lakhs

2. The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes and the total expenditure on Fuel and
Transport for all the given years respectively is approximately equal to?
A. 4:7 B. 10:13 C. 15:18 D. 5:8

3. What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during this
period?
A. Rs. 32.43 lakhs B. Rs. 33.72 lakhs
C. Rs. 34.18 lakhs D. Rs. 36.66 lakhs

4. The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is approximately what
percent of the total amount of salary paid in the same period?
A. 0.01% B. 0.1% C. 1% D. 0.125%

5. Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the total
expenditure in 2002?
A. 61% B. 63% C. 69% D. 71%

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Topic 32: DATA INTERPRETATION

Solutions to Practice Problems

Topic 1 Topic 5 Topic 9 Topic 13 Topic 17 Topic 23 Topic 26 Topic 32
1. A 1. B 1. D 1. B 1. C 1. D 8. D 1. A
2. A 2. A 2. B 2. D 2. B 2. D 9. D 2. B
3. A 3. A 3. B 3. D 3. D 3. C 10. B 3. D
4. A 4. C 4. A 4. D 4. A 4. D 11. D 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. E 5. B 5. C 5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D 6. D 6. D 6. B Topic 27
Topic 2 7. A 7. C 7. D 7. A 1. 1
1. C 8. A 8. D Topic 14 8. A 8. D 2. 3
2. A 9. B 9. C 1. 324 9. A 9. D 3. 2
3. B 10. A 10. D 2. C 10. A 10. A 4. 3
4. B 3. B 11. D 11. D 5. 1
5. A Topic 6 Topic 10 4. B 12. B
6. C 1. A 1. A 5. C Topic 18 13. D Topic 28
7. C 2. C 2. B 6. B 1. B 14. A 1. A
8. B 3. C 3. B 7. D 2. C 15. A 2. A
9. B 4. B 4. C 3. D 16. C 3. B
10. C 5. D 5. A Topic 15 4. C 4. A
6. D 6. A 1. 17 5. D Topic 24 5. B
Topic 3 7. A 7. C 2. 3 6. D 1. C 6. B
1. D 8. D 8. B 3. 486 7. C 2. A 7. D
2. B 9. C 4. 240 8. A 3. A 8. D
3. C 10. B Topic 11 5. 47 9. B 4. D 9. C
4. B 1. D 6. 121 10. D 5. C 10. B
5. C Topic 7 2. B 7. 217 11. B 6. B 11. C
6. D 1. D 3. B 8. 253 12. C 7. C 12. D
7. C 2. D 4. B 9. 481 8. D 13. B
8. C 3. A 5. D 10. 52 Topic 19 9. B
9. 16 4. D 6. C 11. 72 1. B 10. A Topic 29
10. 1 5. B 7. D 12. D 2. B 11. C 1. D
6. D 8. C 13. D 2. B
Topic 4 7. B 9. A 14. D Topic 20 Topic 25 3. D
1. D 8. D 10. D 15. 50 1. B 1. B 4. C
2. B 9. A 16. 50 2. C 2. C 5. B
3. A 10. D Topic 12 17. 80 3. B 3. B 6. C
4. C 1. A 4. C 4. B 7. B
5. D Topic 8 2. C Topic 16 5. D 8. D
6. A 1. A 3. A 1. B Topic 21 6. B
7. B 2. C 4. C 2. D 1. C Topic 31
8. A 3. B 5. D 3. B 2. D Topic 26 1. e
9. C 4. A 6. D 4. D 1. C 2. e
10. C 5. D 7. C 5. A Topic 22 2. D 3. c
11. B 6. B 8. A 6. C 1. C 3. B 4. a
12. A 7. B 9. D 2. C 4. A 5. B
13. D 8. A 10. C 5. A 6. D
14. D 9. B 6. A
15. A 10. D 7. C

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