MOTION IN TWO

DIMENSION
grade 10 ABCD
 MOTION IN TWO DIMENSION
This unit is all about Motion in Two Dimension where
motion takes place in two different locations at the
same time and requires at least two coordinates to be
described. This unit will show you the vertical and
horizontal component of motion.
ACTIVTY 1: WHAT IS A PROJECTILE?
Materials (What you need):

2 identical coins
plastic ruler
table
stopwatch
ACTIVITY 1: WHAT IS A PROJECTILE?
Procedure (What to do):
• Place the ruler on the table.
• Put one coin on the protruding edge of the ruler and the other coin
at the end.
• Push the ruler forward such that both coins will fall.
• Observe how these coins fell to ground.
• Answer the following questions:
1. Did the coins hit the floor at different times or at the same time?
What make you think so?
2. Based on your observation, what generalization can you make?
• What did you notice with the two coins?
• How were you able to identify that the motion
of the coin is a free fall or a projectile?
• What do you think is the difference between
these two?
 V oy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -> initial speed along
the vertical line
WHAT IS A
FREE FALL? g - - - - - - - - - - - - - > gravity

Free fall is the acceleration

Y or yf – yo - - - - - - > vertical distance or
along the vertical (y- axis). the height
𝑎 = −𝑔
𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 t - - - - - - - - - - - - - > time

V fy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > final speed along the

vertical line
Paths of Free-Falling Bodies and Equations
With constant speed: With time symmetry &
speed symmetry:
 Example #1
Find the height traveled by a falling object with a velocity of -10m/s in
3.5s time.

Given: Required:
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜
 Example #1 Solution:
Find the height traveled 1
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
by a falling object with a 2

velocity of -10m/s in −10𝑚 1 −9.8𝑚 2

𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 = (3.5𝑠) − (3.5𝑠)
3.5s time. 𝑠 2 𝑠2
9.8𝑚 2
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 = −35𝑚 + (12.25𝑠 )
2𝑠 2
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 = −35𝑚 + 60.025𝑚
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 = 25.03𝑚
 Exercise Problems:

1. Find the height traveled by a falling object with a velocity of 12m/s

in 2.4s time.

2. What is the velocity of a falling object that fell from a 120m height
in 6.4s time?
 Example #2
What is the velocity of a rock that fell off a 360m tall cliff in 5.3s
time?
Given: Required:
t = 5.3 s 𝑣𝑥 = ?
Y = 360𝑚
2
𝑔 = −9.8𝑚/𝑠
 Example #3
How much time does it take for a small chalk to reach to ground
after falling off the teacher’s table that is 1.25m tall?

Given: Required:
Y = 1.25 𝑚 t=?
2
𝑔 = −9.8𝑚/𝑠
 Example #4
Find the maximum height that will be reached by an object if it is
thrown upward with initial velocity of 5.8m/s.

Given: Required:
𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 5.8𝑚/𝑠 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ?
2
𝑔 = −9.8𝑚/𝑠
 2𝑔𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑣𝑓𝑦 2 − 𝑣𝑜𝑦 2
Solution:
Example #4 𝑣𝑓𝑦 2 − 𝑣𝑜𝑦 2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔
Find the maximum
height that will be 0𝑚 2
5.8𝑚 2
−
reached by an object if 𝑠 𝑠
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
−9.8𝑚
it is thrown upward 2
𝑠2
with initial velocity of
33.64𝑚2
5.8m/s. −
𝑠 2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
19.6𝑚
−
𝑠2

33.64𝑚2 𝑠2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =− 2
−
𝑠 19.6𝑚

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.72𝑚
 Exercise Problems:

1. Find the maximum height that will be reached by an object if it is

thrown upward with initial velocity of 12m/s.

2. Find the time interval of a phone dropped at 500 m tall building

downward with an initial velocity of 8.8m/s reaching the ground.
 ACTIVITY: IDENTIFYING MOTION
Identify which of the following illustrations shows motion in two directions.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Instructions: Together with your partners, discuss the following points
and share to the class your observations.

• Which of the following pictures shows motion in two directions?

• How were you able to identify the similarities and differences of the
pictures?
• What concepts do you think are depicted by the pictures?
• Can we predict the motion of a moving object?
Relationship between Force and Motion
Motion, is when an object moves from one place to another while
Force, is what causes the object to move or to stop moving.

Forces affects how objects move. They may cause motion. They may
slow, stop or change the direction of motion of an object that is
already moving.

Since force cause changes in the speed or direction of an object,

therefore, forces cause changes in the velocity of an object.
What is a Projectile Motion?
Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown (projected) into the
air when, after the initial force that launches the object, air resistance is
negligible and the only other force that object experiences is the force
of gravity.
What is a Projectile Motion?
The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory. Air
resistance is a frictional force that slows its motion and can
significantly alter the trajectory of the motion. The trajectory of a
projectile is a parabola.
Examples:
• A ball kicked or thrown into the air
• Water from a fountain tube
• Bullet fired from a gun
Activity: Projectile or Not?
Instructions: Identify whether the given course of action is a projectile
or not.

1. A man playing table tennis.

2. Teacher dropping her red ballpen.
3. Lebron James shooting for a free throw.
4. A crane lifting a heavy container.
5. Dancing water fountain in the park.
Why does the trajectory of a projectile look like a parabola?

It is because of the combined motions in the horizontal and vertical

directions.
Since vertical and horizontal motions are independent, we can analyze
them separately, along perpendicular axes.
We’ll call the horizontal axis the x-axis and the vertical axis the y-axis.
For notation, d is the total displacement, and x and y are its
components along the horizontal and vertical axes.

y-axis
(vertical axis)

x-axis
(horizontal axis)

In solving Projectile Motion, we need to apply some mathematical

concepts.
Application of the Pythagorean Theorem?
Right Triangle - is a three sided figure with one angle equal to 90
degrees.

Illustrate the parts of a right triangle

• Right angle
• Legs
• Hypotenuse
• Acute angles
Application of the Pythagorean Theorem?
Solving for the unknown measure of one of the sides of a right triangle.

The Pythagorean Theorem is used to find the measure of a side of a

right triangle given the measure of the other two side.

Formula Derivations:
2 2 2
𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏
2 2 2
𝑎 =𝑐 −𝑏
2 2 2
𝑏 =𝑐 −𝑎
Application of the Pythagorean Theorem
For side a:
𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2
𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 For side b:
𝑎 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 For side c:
𝑏 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 2
𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏2 2

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
Let’s Practice: Application of the Pythagorean Theorem
A man travels 120 km east then 160 km north. Calculate his
resultant displacement.
Quiz: Problem Solving
1. A ramp is 4 meters in height and its base is 9 meters long. How long
is the ramp?

2. A 120-meters cable wire is connected from the top of a building to

the base of a house. If the house is 90 meters away from the building,
what is the height of the building.
Trigonometric Functions: Parts of Right Triangle
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Hypotenuse
Opposite sides
Adjacent sides
Opposite angles

Angle representations:
α - alpha
β - beta
θ - theta
Trigonometric Functions: Parts of Right Triangle
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Hypotenuse
Opposite sides
Adjacent sides
Opposite angles

Angle representations:
α - alpha
β - beta
θ - theta
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
Illustration: The parts of a right triangle are illustrated:
The opposite of the trigonometric functions is given below:

The cosecant is the reciprocal of the sine. It is the

ratio of the hypotenuse to the side opposite a given
angle in a right triangle.

Secant is the reciprocal of cosine. It is the ratio of the

hypotenuse to the adjacent.

The cotangent is the reciprocal of the tangent. It is

the ratio of the adjacent side to the opposite side in a
right triangle.
The opposite of the trigonometric functions is given below:

The cosecant is the reciprocal of the sine. It is the

ratio of the hypotenuse to the side opposite a given
angle in a right triangle.

Secant is the reciprocal of cosine. It is the ratio of the

hypotenuse to the adjacent.

The cotangent is the reciprocal of the tangent. It is

the ratio of the adjacent side to the opposite side in a
right triangle.
Let’s Practice!
A plane moves with a velocity of 63.5 m/s at 32 degrees South of East.
Calculate the plane’s horizontal and vertical velocity components.
Let’s Practice!

The angle of elevation of

the top of the building at a
distance of 50 m from its
foot on a horizontal plane
is found to be 60°. Find the
height of the building.
Let’s Practice!

A ladder is leaning against a

vertical wall makes an angle
of 20° with the ground. The
foot of the ladder is 3 m
from the wall. Find the
length of ladder.
Activity: Problem Solving
Instructions: Solve for the unknown side or angle.

1. 2.
Let’s Review and Connect!
A. Trigonometric Functions:
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 −𝟏
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒔𝒄 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 −𝟏
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 −𝟏
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒕 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
Let’s Review and Connect!
B. Law of Sine:

𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪

𝒐𝒓

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪

= =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
Let’s Review and Connect!
C. Law of Cosine:
𝒂𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒃 = 𝒄 + 𝒂 − 𝟐 𝒄 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑪

When given the three sides of an oblique triangle and asked for the
measure of the angles, the Laws of Cosine can be derived to formulate
equations for the angles of an oblique triangle.
Activity: Let’s Transform!
Discussion: Derivation of formula for angle A in the Law of Cosine
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒂 = 𝒄 + 𝒃 − 𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 = 𝒄 + 𝒃 − 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄 + 𝒃 − 𝒂
=
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄 𝒃
𝒄𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 =
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏
𝒄 +𝒃 −𝒂
𝑨 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃
Activity: Let’s Transform!
Discussion: Derivation of formula for angle A in the Law of Cosine

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄 +𝒃 −𝒂
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 = - - - - - - - - - - > Standard Equation
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄 +𝒃 −𝒂
𝑨 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 - - - - - - - - - > Equation of angle A
𝟐 𝒄 𝒃
Seatwork!
Derivation of formula for angle B in the Law of Cosine.

Board work!
Derivation of formula for angle C in the Law of Cosine.
Activity: Let’s Apply!
A. Word Problems on Trigonometric Functions:
A 60-foot ramp is used to load cargo onto an airplane. If the ramp
makes a 25° angle with the ground, how far away is the plane from the
bottom of the ramp?

B. Word Problems on the Law of Sine

Two sides of a triangular plot of land are 55 meters and 70 meters. If
the third side makes an angle of 36° with the first side, how long is the
third side?
Let’s Deepen: What are the Components of a Projectile?
Visualize the motion of the people pictures below.
Let’s Deepen: What are the Components of a Projectile?

Projectile motion refers to the motion of

a body thrown horizontally or at an
angle other than 90° with the horizontal
range.

Trajectory – is the path of a projectile

The key components that we need to remember in order to solve
projectile motion problems are:

• Initial launch angle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > θ

• Initial velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > vo
• Time of flight - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > T
• Acceleration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > a
• Horizontal velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > vx
• Vertical velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > vy
• Displacement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > d
• Maximum height - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > H or y
• Range - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > R
Projectile Launched Horizontally
When an object is launched horizontally, such as a ball thrown
horizontally off a building, the angle of projection is zero. The initial
velocity of the object is its initial horizontal velocity. Furthermore, the
initial vertical velocity of the object is zero.
A projectile fired at an angle θ above the horizontal rises to some
maximum height and then descends. It then lands at some horizontal
distance from its launching point. This horizontal distance is called
range. The range is the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile
between the launching point and the landing point, on the assumption
that it returns to the same level at which is fired.
Projectile Launched Horizontally
If the components of the vector are given, the magnitude of the vector is
computed using Pythagorean theorem. The direction of the vector
maybe computed using any trigonometric functions of an angle,
However, in this lesson we will use the tangent function.

𝑽= 𝑽𝟐𝒙 + 𝑽𝟐𝒚

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒚
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒙
Example 1:
A bus travel 45km directed 60° southwest from the station. What are
the horizontal and vertical components of the displacement of a bus
relative to the station.
Given: 𝐷𝑥 = 45𝑘𝑚, 60° south of west

Solution:
𝐷𝑥 = −45 𝑐𝑜𝑠60° = −22.5𝑘𝑚
𝐷𝑦 = −45 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = −39𝑘𝑚
The horizontal and the vertical components of a force are -3N and
4N, respectively. Find the magnitude and direction of this force.

Given: 𝐹𝑥 = −3𝑁
𝐹𝑦 = 4𝑁
Solution: Use pythagorean theorem
2 2
𝐹= 𝐹𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦
𝐹= −3𝑁 2 + 4𝑁 2 = 5𝑁
To get the direction,
𝐹𝑦 4𝑁
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = = = 1.33
𝐹𝑥 −3𝑁
−1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 1.33 = 53°
Practice Exercise:
1. A typhoon is moving at 55 kilometers per hour in the direction of
40° southeastern Visayas. Find the horizontal and vertical
components of its velocity.

2. A student walks 5 meters, north and 12 meters, east from his

house going to school. Calculate the students displacement.
Practice Exercise:
1. A typhoon is moving at 55 kilometers per hour in the direction of
40° southeastern Visayas. Find the horizontal and vertical
components of its velocity.
 Motion Acceleration along the Quadrants
The Full Trajectory:
 Motion Acceleration along the Quadrants
The Half Trajectory:
 Motion Acceleration along the Quadrants
Equations:
𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔
𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑜 = 𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜𝑥 𝑇
𝑉𝑜𝑥 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑉𝑜𝑦 = 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1 2
𝑦1 − 𝑦0 = 𝑉𝑜𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2
1 2
𝑦1 − 𝑦0 = (𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2
𝑉𝑜𝑦
𝑡=
𝑔
T = 2t
2𝑉𝑜𝑦
𝑇=
𝑔
Example 1:
1. A rescue airplane traveling horizontally at 75.0m/s at an elevation
of 225m drops a bale of hay to cows stranded in a snowstorm. At
what horizontal distance from the cow should the bale of hay be
dropped?
Example 1: 225𝑠
2
Required: R =?
𝑡 =
4.9
𝑡 = 6.78𝑠
Solution: 𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑇
𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑇 𝟐(𝒚𝒇 −𝒚𝒐 )
1
𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦0 = 𝑉𝑜𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 𝒕=
2 𝒗𝒐𝒚 +𝒗𝒇𝒚
75𝑚 1 −9.8𝑚 2 𝟐(𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒎)
225𝑚 = ( °
)(𝑠𝑖𝑛0 )𝑡 − 𝑡 𝒕=
𝑠 2 𝑠 2 𝒗𝒐𝒚 +𝒗𝒇𝒚
4.9𝑚 2
225𝑚 = 0 − 2 𝑡
𝑠
4.9𝑚 2 𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑇
225𝑚 = 2 𝑡
𝑠
4.9𝑚 2
𝑡 = 225𝑚 75𝑚
𝑠2 𝑅= 6.8𝑠
4.9𝑚 2
2 𝑡 225𝑚 𝑠
𝑠
4.9𝑚 = 4.9𝑚 𝑅 = 510𝑚
𝑠2 𝑠2
Assignment:
Instructions: Read and analyze the problem below. Solve for what is
required in a one whole sheet of paper.

1. A volleyball player spiked with an initial velocity of 12.5 m/s at an

angle of 35 degrees above the horizon. Determine the following:

a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal displacement
c. The peak height of the net
Example Problems:
1. A ball is thrown horizontally out of the window with a velocity 3.5
m/s. If the window is 5 meters above the ground, how far will the
ball travel before it hits the ground.

2. A soccer ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 20.5 m/s at an

angle of 42 degrees above the horizontal displacement.
Determine the following:
a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal displacement
c. The peak height of the goal
Example Problems:
3. A man is cliff diving with an initial velocity of 30m/s at a vertical
distance of 15 meters above sea level. What is the horizontal
distance travelled by the man before he splash into the water?

4. Michael Jordan perfectly shoot a free throw with a velocity of 5.7

m/s in 3 seconds. What is the high is the ring and how far is
Michel Jordan from the ring?
Example Problems:
5. Austin and Caley were having a water break after playing
badminton. Austin on the other side of the court throw a mineral
water to Caley with an initial velocity of 15.3 m/s at an angle of 40
degrees above the horizontal displacement. Determine the following:

a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal displacement
c. The height of the net
Quiz:
1. Michael Jordan perfectly shoot a free throw with a velocity of 5.7
m/s in 3 seconds. What is the high is the ring and how far is Michel
Jordan from the ring?

2. In a zombie apocalypse, a canon ball was fired with an initial

velocity of 75 m/s at an angle of 45 degrees above the ground.
Calculate the following:
a. Time of flight
b. Horizontal displacement
c. The maximum height of the canon ball before it touches the
ground.