Problem set on

Numerical methods

1. Find a real root (as specified) of the equation correct to four decimal places using-
(i) bisection method (ii) regula falsi method (iii) Newton-Raphson method-
(a) sinx − ex + 3x = 0
(b) ln(x2 + 1) + cos x + x = 0
(c) Negative root of x3 − 2x + 5 = 0
(d) Smallest positive root of x3 ln x − ex = 0
(e) Greatest negative root of ln(2x2 + 3) − 3e−x cosx − 2 = 0
(f ) Smallest positive root of (x + 5)2 sinx + ln(x2 + 3) = 0
(g)x − 1/2 − sinx = 0
(h) sinx − ex cosx = 0
(i) x2 + ex cos x + ln(x2 + 2) = 3 (j) x3 lnx − ex = 0
(k) x − ln(x + 1) − cosx = 0
(l) 5sin2 x + 8cos5 x = 0 (m) Smallest positive root of x3 ln(x + 1) − ex = 0
(n) 3 ln(x − 1) − 2x2 e−x = 0
(o) cos(2 − x) − ln(x + 2) = 0
(p) Smallest positive of ln(3x2 + 2) + x2 cos x = 0
(q) largest negative root of x2 + ex cos x + ln(x2 + 2) = 3
2. Find a real root of the equation x2 sin x + e−x = −2 by Newton Raphson method, correct upto four decimal
places. Use the third iteration of the bisection method as the initial approximation to the root.
3. Using second step of the bisection method as the initial approximation, find the smallest positive root,
correct to four decimal places, of the following equation using Newton-Raphson’s method-e−x cos x+ln(x−
2) = 0 [EXAM IT APRIL-MAY 2022]
4. Find the interval in which the smallest positive root of the following equations lies and determine the roots
correct to three decimal places using the (i) bisection method (ii) regula falsi method (iii) Newton-Raphson
method. (i) tan x + tanh x = 0 (ii) x3 − x − 4 = 0.
5. The negative root of the smallest magnitude of the equation x3 + 10x2 + 10x + 7 = 0 is to be obtained.
Find the (i) interval of the unit length which contains this root. (ii) perform two iterations of the bisection
method (iii) taking the end points of the interval obtained in (ii) Perform four iterations of the (a) Regula
falsi (b) Newton Raphson methods.
6. Find a real root of the following equations correct to three decimal places using (i) Bisection (ii) Regula
falsi and (iii) Newton-Raphson’s methods.

(a) x sin x + cos x = 0. (d) 10x + x − 4 = 0 (g) cos x − x2 − x = 0.

1 1
(b) ln x − cos x = 0 (e) x4 + x3 − 7x2 − x + 5 = 0 (h) 2e−x = +
x+1 x+2
(c) x + log10 x = 3.375 (f ) x4 − x − 10 = 0 (i) x3 − sin x + 1 = 0.

1 √ 1
7. Find the iterative methods based on the Newton-Raphson method for finding , N 1/k , √ , where
N,
N N
N is a positive real number. Then apply the methods for N = 37 and obtain the results correct to three
decimal places.
x2 x3 x4
8. The equation f (x) = 0 where f (x) = 0.1 − x + − + − .... has one root in the interval (0, 1).
(2!)2 (3!)2 (4!)2
Calculate the root correct up to 5 decimals using Newton Raphson method.
∫x
e−x dt − 1 = 0 correct up to four decimal places.
2
9. Find all the positive roots of the equation 10
0

x2 x3 0.3x
10. Find positive root of the equation ex = 1 + x + + e correct to four decimal places.
2 6
11. Solve the following system of equations using (i) Gauss-Jacobi’s iteration (ii) Gauss-Seidal iteration (iii)
relaxation methods. Use partial pivoting wherever necessary.
106 CHAPTER 4. INTERPOLATION

(i) 2x1 + x2 − 4x3 + x4 = 4 (iii) 2x1 + x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 2

−4x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 − 2x4 = −10 4x1 + 2x3 + x4 = 3
x1 − x2 + x3 − x4 = 2 3x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = −1
x1 + 3x2 − 3x3 + 2x4 = −1 x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = −4
(ii) 7.6x1 + 0.5x2 + 2.4x3 = 1.9 (iv) 4x1 − 3x2 + 5x3 = −7
−1.3x1 + 0.2x2 + 5.8x3 = −1.4 −3x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = −3
2.2x1 + 9.1x2 + 4.4x3 = 9.7 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 1

12. Use (i) Euler’s method (ii) Modified Euler’s method and (iii) R − K method of fourth order to find-
dy y−x
(a) y(1.2) from = ; y(0) = 1 taking h = 0.3.
dx y+x
dy √
(b) y(1.75) from = 2 + xy; y(1) = 1 in three steps.
dx
dy
(c) y(0.60) from = 3ex + 2y; y(0) = 0 taking h = 0.15.
dx
dy y
(d) y(1.25) from = √ ; y(0.20) = 0.40 in three steps.
dx x + xy
dy x(2 ln x + 1)
(e) y(1.40) from = , y(0.80) = 1.65 taking h = 0.30.
dx sin y + y cos y
dy y cos x + sin y + y
(f ) y(1.80) from =− , y(1.2) = −2.75 in three steps.
dx sin x + x cos y + x
dy y sin 2x
(g) y(1.75) from = ; y(1) = 1.25 in three steps.
dx 1 + y 2 + cos2 x
dy y(y ln x − 2)
(h) y(0.60) from = ; y(0.10) = 0.5 in two steps.
dx x
13. Find a real root of the equation correct to four decimal places using bisection method-

sin x − ex + 3x = 0

14. Show that if

f (x) = a0 xn + a1 xn−1 + ..... + an−1 x + an , a0 ̸= 0,
then
∆n f (x) = a0 .hn .n!
and
∆n+1 f (x) = 0.

15. Show that if x(n) = x(x − h)(x − 2h)......(x − (n − 1)h), then ∆x(n) = h.n.x(n−1) , ∆2 x(n) = h2 .n(n −
1).x(n−2) .....∆n x(n) = hn .n!.and ∆n+1 x(n) = 0.
16. Express the polynomial f (x) = −5x4 + 9x3 − 2x + 11 as a factorial polynomial and find its differences of
all orders.
17. The following table gives I, the indicated HP and V, the speed in knots developed by a ship. Find I when
V = 9.
V 8 10 12 14 16
I 1000 1900 3250 5400 8950

18. The area A of a circle of diameter d is given for the following values
d 80 85 90 95 100
A 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854

Calculate the area of a circle of diameter 105 and 76.

19. Construct Newton’s forward, backward and Stirlings interpolating polynomials for the following data
x 4 6 8 10
y 1 3 8 16

Hence evaluate y for x = 3.5, 6.35 and 10.67.

20. Given log10 654 = 2.8156, log10 658 = 2.8182, log10 659 = 2.8189, log10 661 = 2.8202, find log10 656 using
Lagrange’s and Newton’s divided difference formula.
4.9. INTERPOLATION WITH UNEQUAL INTERVALS 107

21. The following table gives the viscosity of an oil as a function of temperature. Find the viscosity of oil at
the temperature 1400 and 1830 using Lagrange’s and Newton’s divided difference formula.

T emp0 110 130 160 190 200

Viscosity 10.8 8.1 5.5 4.8 4.2

22. Find the number of students who obtain less than 35 marks
M arks 20 − 30 30 − 40 40 − 50 50 − 60 60 − 70
N o. of Students 32 53 50 38 33

23. A slider in a machine moves along a fixed straight rod. Its distance x cm along the rod are given in the
following table for various values of the time t (in second).

t(sec) 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

x(cm) 16.40 19.01 21.96 25.29 29.03 33.21

Find the velocity and the acceleration of the slider at t = 1.15, 1.28, 1.42.

24. The population of a certain town (as obtained from the census data) is shown in the following table

Y ear 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

P opulation (thousands) 19.96 39.65 58.81 77.21 94.61

Estimate the populations in the years 1976 and 2003. Also find the rate of the growth of the population in
these years.

25. A rod is rotating in a plane. The following table gives the angle θ (in radians) through which the rod has
turned for various values of the time t second Calculate the angular velocity and the angular acceleration
of the rod, when t = 0.6, 1.28 and 0.29.

t(sec) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

θ 0 0.12 0.49 1.12 2.02 3.20 4.67

26. The table below gives the results of an observation. θ is the observed temperature in degrees centigrade of
a vessel of cooling water, t is the time in minutes from the beginning of observations:

t 1 3 5 7 9 11
θ 85.3 74.5 67.0 60.5 54.3 48.2

Find the approximate rate of cooling at t = 9.25.

27. Using the following data, find x for which y is the minimum and also find this value of y.

x 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80

y 0.6221 0.6155 0.6138 0.6170 0.6298

28. Find the value of the following integrals-

∫2
(a) (1 + e−x sin 4x)dx using Simpson’s 1/3 rule taking 11 arguments.
0
∫5 √
(b) (3 + sin(2 x))dx using Simpson’s 3/8 rule taking 13 arguments.
3
∫1
(c) esin x dx using Simpson’s 1/3 rule and Weddle’s rules taking 12 sub intervals.
0
∫ √
π/2
(d) x2 + e2x ln(1 + x)dx using Simpson’s 3/8 rule and Weddle’s rules taking 12 sub intervals.
0

29. A rocket is launched from the ground. Its acceleration a(t) measured in every 5 second is tabulated below.
Find the velocity of the rocket at t = 30 second.

t(sec) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
a(t) 40.0 46.50 49.25 52.25 55.75 58.25 60.50
108 CHAPTER 4. INTERPOLATION

30. A river is 80f t wide. The depth d in feet at a distance x f t from one bank is given by the following table.
Find approximately the area of cross section.

x 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
d 0 4 7 9 12 15 14 8 3

31. A curve is given by the following table

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 0 2 2.5 2.3 2 1.7 1.5

The x−coordinate
∫6 of the C.G. of the area bounded by the curve, the end ordinates and the x−axis is given
by Ax = 0 xydx, where A is the area. Find x using Simpson’s rules.
32. A body is in the form of a solid of revolution. The diameters D in cms of its sections at distances x cms
from one end are given below. Estimate the volume of the solid.

x 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0

D 5 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.25 5.5 4.0

33. The following table gives the velocity v of a particle at time t. Find the distance moved by the particle in
12 seconds and also acceleration at t = 2 sec.
t(sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
v(m/ sec) 4 6 16 34 60 94 136

34. A reservoir discharging water through sluices at a depth h below the water surface has a surface area A for
various values√of h as given below. If t denotes time in minutes, the rate of fall of the surface is given by
dh/dt = −48 h/A. Estimate the time taken for the water level to fall from 14f t to 10f t above the sluices.

h(f t) 10 11 12 13 14
A(sq.f t) 950 1070 1200 1350 1530

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