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Origin of The Solar System

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12 views

Origin of The Solar System

Uploaded by

Joshua Lacsina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASTRONOMY

-IT IS THE OLDEST OF ALL THE SCIENCES.


- DEVELOPED TOGETHER WITH THE ANCIENT’S
PEOPLE’S INTEREST IN SOLVING THE MYSTERIES
OF THE UNIVERSE.
THEIR GREAT KNOWLEDGE IN ASTRONOMY
ALLOWED THEM TO DEVELOP CALENDARS
ADVANCED ENOUGH TO PREDICT
ASTRONOMICAL AND OTHER EVENTS.
GEOCENTRIC VIEW
•- the Earth was the center of the solar
system.
•- Aristotle and Ptolemy proposed models
based on the view without any
explanation.
HELIOCENTRIC VIEW
- Proposed by NICOLAUS COPERNICUS in 1543
- A sun centered view of the solar system
- Stated that the EARTH orbits the SUN just like the other
planets.
- Explained why the sun and the other heavenly bodies
seemed to revolve around the EARTH.
SCIENTISTS WHO SUPPORTED COPERNICUS’
THEORY
• 1. TYCHO BRAHE – measured the position of stars and planets in the sky.
• 2. JOHANNES KEPLER – analyzed TYCHO’S data and discovered laws of
planetary motion. He proved that the planets orbit were elliptical. He also
discovered that the planets move faster when they are near the sun and that
planets with larger orbits travel longer around the sun.
• 3. GALILEO GALILEI – invented the telescope and observed that the sun is at
the center of the solar system. He also observed that the other celestial
bodies and the satellites of Jupiter did not circle EARTH.
SOPHISTICATED INSTRUMENT THAT HELP
ASTRONOMERS STUDY THE HEAVENLY BODIES
• 1. TELESCOPES – can magnify far objects from the Earth.
• 2. SPECTROSCOPES – used to study the composition and
properties of stars.
• 3. SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES – can take pictures of distant
objects.
• 4. RADIO TELESCOPE – allows them to observe objects that the
telescope cannot reach.
THEORIES EXPLAINING
THE ORIGIN OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
ENCOUNTERED HYPOTHESIS

• States that:
• a) the sun encountered a ROGUE star.
b) due to the gravitational interaction of the two stars,
the material from the ROGUE star forms the outer
planets while that from the sun forms the inner planets
PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS
• Suggest that a cloud of gas and dust, about 10 million kilometers in
diameter, rotated slowly. Then, either because of its own gravity or
by the explosion of a passing star, the cloud gas and dust began to
collapse. The collapse reduced the size of the cloud, resulting to its
increased rotation. The compression made the interior of the hot
cloud, resulting to a hydrogen fusion which formed the SUN.
Surrounding the sun was a grate plate-like disk containing a huge
whirlpool (eddies) where matter accumulated due to friction. The
whirlpool or eddies shrank into compact masses, forming the proto
planets that later became the planets and moons.
NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS
•This theory was developed by IMMANUEL KANT
(1724 – 1804) and PIERRE-SIMON LAPLACE (1749
th
– 1827) in the 18 century and was the most
favored model. According to this hypothesis, the
solar system was formed from a slowly-rotating
cloud of gas or nebula that collapsed and
flattened.
SOLAR NEBULAR THEORY
•This theory was developed as a more sophisticated
version of nebular hypothesis wherein interstellar
dust is included. The solar nebula theory combined
the idea of the flattening solar nebula with that of a
condensing interstellar dust as the nebula cooled,
which served as a condensation nuclei where matter
accumulated
THE PLANETISIMAL AND TIDAL THEORIES

•These theories were developed by THOMAS


CHAMBERLIN (1843 – 1928) and FOREST MOULTON
th
(1877 – 1946) during the 20 century, and JAMES
JEANS (1891 – 1989) IN 1918, respectively. In both
theories, a star supposedly passed close to the sun.
The gravitational pull of the passing star raised tides
found on the surface of the sun
WHAT MAKES EARTH UNIQUE FROM THE REST OF
THE PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM?

•EARTH is the only planet that


can support life.
TWO MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR
PLANETARY HABITABILITY
•1. THE STAR SHOULD SURVIVE LONG ENOUGH
FOR ITS PLANETS TO DEVELOP LIFE
- indicates that massive stars would have
the least possibility to be habitable since they
can only live for a relatively short period.
WILL EARTH BE ABLE TO
SUSTAIN LIFE IF IT
REVOLVES AROUND A
HIGH MASS STAR?
WHY?
WILL EARTH BE ABLE TO
SUSTAIN LIFE IF IT
REVOLVES AROUND A
LOW MASS STAR?
WHY?
2. THE PLANET SHOULD EXIST IN A REGION WHERE
WATER COULD REMAIN LIQUID

•The planet must be


located in the
GOLDILOCKS ZONE.
WHAT IS GOLDILOCKS ZONE?
•It is a region around a star where the
amount of heat and solar energy
received is just enough to make the
temperature neither too hot nor too
cold.
WILL EARTH BE ABLE TO
SUSTAIN LIFE IF IT REMAINED
IN ITS POSITION? WHY?
WHY IS THERE NO LIFE IN OTHER PLANETS?

•Mercury experiences extreme


temperature due to its slow rotation.
•It also has a very thin atmosphere that is
not capable of capturing and maintaining
the right amount of heat
VENUS
•It is very hot.
•It has a lot of active volcanoes that
produce a very thick atmosphere .
MARS
•It has very little volcanic activity.
• As a result it has a thin
atmosphere and cold surface
temperature.
JOVIAN PLANETS
•Mainly composed of gases.
•There is no land where
organisms can live.
WHICH PLANET DO YOU THINK IS OF GREAT
CAPABILITY TO SUSTAIN LIFE? WHY?
• It is a planet with the right temperature that
enables water to remain in its liquid form, a
necessary ingredient for life.
• A right temperature that would change the phase of
water from liquid to gas.
• A low temperature would change its phase from
liquid to solid.
WHAT IS THE BASIS OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH?

• The CARBON and its unique properties.


• Carbon has four valence atoms, which enables it to easily
combined with other carbon atoms and create long
complex molecules and polymers, forming the what we
called BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES – LIPIDS,
CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS.
WHAT WAS THE FIRST LIFE ON EARTH?

• EXTREMOPHILES – organisms that were able to


adapt to extreme temperature such as very high or
very low temperatures, high acidity or extreme
pressure.
• CYANOBACTERIA – were the first organisms that
could produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis.
WHY IS EARTH
CONSIDERED AS THE
ONLY HABITABLE
PLANET?
WHAT ARE JOVIAN
PLANETS?
WHAT CONDITIONS ON A PLANET WOULD MAKE IT
VERY HOT AS A RESULT OF THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT?
A. HOT AND WITH NO ATMOSPHERE
B. SANDY AND CRATERED SURFACE
C. THICK CARBON DIOXIDE CLOUDS
D. PLANT-COVERED SURFACE
WHAT MAKES THE
MEDIUM - MASS
STARS SUCH AS OUR
SUN HABITABLE?
WHICH STARS HAVE
FARTHER HABITABLE
ZONE? WHY?
WHAT HAPPENS TO A
PLANET IF IT IS
REVOLVING AROUND A
BLUE STAR?
HOW DOES THE SUN DIFFER FROM THE
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM?
A. IT IS MADE OF GASES.
B. IT IS POWERED BY NUCLEAR FUSION.
C. IT ROTATES SLOWLY.
D. IT IS MADE OF GASES AND WATER.
WHICH STAR HAS THE NEAREST
HABITABLE ZONE?
A. RED STAR C. BLUE STAR
B. YELLOW STARD. ORANGE
STAR

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