UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Submitted By

HARSHDEEP BANGA

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
At

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, DESIGN AND AUTOMATION

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the project report entitled
“UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING PYTHON AND TKINTER” by
“HARSHDEEP BANGA”, submitted in the department of CSE at GNA University,
Phagwara is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 10 June,
2024 to 25 July, 2024.

Signature of the student:

Harshdeep Banga
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on order my deep sense of gratitude to -----------, Department of

Computer Science and Engineering, GNA University, Phagwara for his/her generous
guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I express my sincere gratitude to-------, HOD, Department of Computer Science and

Engineering, GNA University, Phagwara, for his stimulating guidance, continuous
encouragement and supervision throughout the course of present work.

I am extremely thankful to----------, Dean (SEDA-E) for providing me infrastructural

facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

HARSHDEEP BANGA
ABSTRACT
CERTIFICATE HERE
 INTRODUCTION

Let us discuss about the technologies used in our project one by one before
beginning with the introduction to our project.

Introduction to Python

1. History of Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language designed with a focus on code

readability and simplicity. It was created in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum at the
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands. Python's development began as
a successor to the ABC language, which was also created at CWI. Guido van Rossum aimed
to address some of the issues found in ABC while retaining its best features.

The first official release, Python 0.9.0, was released in February 1991. This version included
many of the features that are present in modern Python, such as exception handling,
functions, and the core data types (str, list, dict, etc.). Python 2.0 was released in October
2000, introducing features like list comprehensions, garbage collection, and support for
Unicode.

Python 3.0, released in December 2008, was a major revision of the language that is not fully
backward-compatible with Python 2.x. The primary goal of Python 3.0 was to rectify
fundamental design flaws in the language. Python 2.7 was the last release of the Python 2.x
series and was supported until January 1, 2020.

2. Features of Python

Python is renowned for its powerful and versatile features, which include:

 Simplicity and Readability: Python's syntax is designed to be intuitive and mirrors

natural language, which makes it accessible for beginners. The use of whitespace
indentation for blocks of code enforces readability.
 Interpreted Language: Python is an interpreted language, meaning that it is executed
line-by-line, which simplifies debugging and allows for rapid development cycles.
 Dynamic Typing: Python uses dynamic typing, meaning that variables do not need to
be declared with a specific data type. The type is assigned at runtime based on the
variable's value.
 Extensive Standard Library: Python boasts a comprehensive standard library that
includes modules and packages for various tasks, from file I/O and system calls to
web services and string operations.
 Object-Oriented: Python supports object-oriented programming (OOP) with classes
and objects, which allows for encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
 Cross-Platform Compatibility: Python is compatible with various operating
systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, which makes it a versatile choice
for development.
  Interactive Mode: Python provides an interactive mode (REPL) that allows
developers to test code snippets and perform experiments in real-time.
 Extensible and Embeddable: Python can be extended with modules written in C or
C++, and it can also be embedded within applications to provide scripting
capabilities.

3. Python Applications

Python is used in a wide array of applications across different domains due to its versatility
and extensive libraries. Some key application areas include:

 Web Development: Frameworks like Django, Flask, and Pyramid make it easy to
develop robust web applications. Django, for instance, is a high-level web framework
that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
 Data Science and Machine Learning: Python is a preferred language for data
scientists and machine learning practitioners. Libraries like NumPy, Pandas,
Matplotlib, SciPy, Scikit-Learn, and TensorFlow provide powerful tools for data
analysis, visualization, and machine learning.
 Automation and Scripting: Python is often used for automating repetitive tasks,
writing scripts for system administration, and managing cloud infrastructure. The
simplicity and readability of Python make it ideal for scripting.
 Scientific Computing: Python is widely used in academia and research due to
libraries such as SciPy and SymPy, which support scientific computing and symbolic
mathematics.
 Game Development: Python is used for game development with libraries like
Pygame. While it may not be suitable for high-end game engines, it is excellent for
prototyping and small-scale projects.
 Network Programming: Python provides libraries such as socket and Twisted for
network programming, enabling developers to create and manage networked
applications.
 Embedded Systems: Python can be used in embedded systems and microcontroller
programming, often with platforms like Raspberry Pi.

4. Python Community and Ecosystem

One of Python's greatest strengths is its vibrant and active community. The Python Software
Foundation (PSF) is a non-profit organization that manages and promotes Python. The
community contributes to the language's development, documentation, and the creation of
libraries and tools.

 PyPI (Python Package Index): PyPI is a repository of software for the Python
programming language. It allows users to find and install packages developed and
shared by the Python community.
 Conferences and Meetups: Events such as PyCon, EuroPython, and PyData bring
together Python developers from around the world to share knowledge and
collaborate on projects.
 Online Resources: There are numerous online resources for learning Python,
including tutorials, documentation, forums, and interactive coding platforms like
Codecademy and LeetCode.
  Open Source Contribution: Python encourages open source contributions. Many of
Python's libraries and frameworks are open source, and developers are encouraged to
contribute to existing projects or create their own.

5. Python's Future

Python continues to evolve with regular updates and new features. Python 3.9, released in
October 2020, introduced new syntax features and performance improvements. The
language's development is driven by PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals), which are
design documents providing information to the Python community, or describing a new
feature for Python or its processes or environment.

The continued growth of the Python community, combined with the language's versatility and
ease of use, ensures that Python will remain a dominant force in programming for years to
come. Its application in emerging fields like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data
science further solidifies its relevance in the modern technological landscape.

Advantages of Python

Now once we are aware about what python is, the thing came in mind is what are
the advantages of python that make us decide why should we use this
programming language.

1. Readability and Simplicity

 Python's syntax is clear and readable, making it easy for beginners to learn and
understand. The language emphasizes readability and reduces the cost of program
maintenance.

2. Versatile and Flexible

 Python is used across various domains such as web development, data science,
artificial intelligence, scientific computing, automation, and more. Its flexibility
allows developers to build diverse applications.

3. Extensive Libraries and Frameworks

 Python has a rich set of libraries and frameworks that accelerate development.
Libraries like NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and TensorFlow cater to data science and
machine learning, while Django and Flask are popular for web development.

4. Community Support

 Python has a large and active community, which means abundant resources, tutorials,
and third-party modules. The community-driven nature of Python ensures that there is
always help available.

5. Integration Capabilities
  Python can easily integrate with other languages and technologies. It can be used
alongside C, C++, Java, and .NET components. This makes it suitable for a wide
range of integration tasks.

6. Cross-Platform Compatibility

 Python is compatible with various operating systems, including Windows, macOS,

and Linux. This cross-platform support ensures that Python applications can run on
different systems without modification.

7. Rapid Prototyping

 Python's simplicity and extensive libraries make it ideal for rapid prototyping.
Developers can quickly write and test code, which is beneficial for startups and
projects with tight deadlines.

8. Dynamic Typing

 Python's dynamic typing means that you don't need to declare variable types
explicitly. This can lead to faster development and less boilerplate code.

9. Automation and Scripting

 Python is often used for scripting and automating repetitive tasks. Its ease of use and
powerful standard library make it an excellent choice for writing small scripts and
utilities.

Disadvantages of Python

This is a fact that every technology has some advantages but there are also some
disadvantages over it. So let us discuss what the limitations of this programming language
are.

1. Performance Limitations

 Python is an interpreted language, which can lead to slower execution compared to

compiled languages like C or C++. This can be a drawback for performance-critical
applications.

2. Memory Consumption

 Python's dynamic typing and ease of use come at the cost of higher memory
consumption. This can be an issue in environments with limited resources.

3. Mobile Development

 While Python is strong in many areas, it is not the best choice for mobile application
development. There are fewer libraries and frameworks for building mobile apps, and
performance is not as good as native languages like Swift or Kotlin.
4. Runtime Errors

 Python is dynamically typed, which means that type errors can only be caught at
runtime. This can lead to runtime exceptions and bugs that are harder to detect during
development.

5. Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)

 Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) prevents multiple native threads from
executing Python bytecodes at once. This means that multi-threaded CPU-bound
programs may not see performance gains from multiple cores.

6. Limited Database Access Layers

 Compared to some other programming languages, Python's database access layers can
be less mature. While there are libraries like SQLAlchemy and Django ORM, they
might not be as performant or feature-rich as counterparts in other languages.

7. Weak in Mobile Computing and Browsers

 Python is rarely seen on the client side of web development or in mobile applications.
Other languages like JavaScript, Swift, and Java are more dominant in these areas.

8. Speed

 Python’s high-level nature means it trades off performance for ease of use. For tasks
that require high speed and performance, languages like C++ or Java may be more
appropriate.

9. Version Compatibility

 The transition from Python 2 to Python 3 has caused compatibility issues. Some
legacy systems still run on Python 2.x, which can create challenges when integrating
with newer Python 3.x codebases.

After Python now we are going to discuss the other technologies as well that are being used
in the project.
 INTRODUCTION TO TKINTER

1. Introduction to Tkinter

Tkinter is the standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) library for Python. Python, being a
versatile and easy-to-use programming language, pairs well with Tkinter to provide a
powerful toolkit for developing GUI applications. Tkinter is included with standard Python
distributions, which makes it a convenient choice for creating desktop applications.

2. History and Background

Tkinter is an abbreviation of "Tk interface". It is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk,

a widely-used open-source, cross-platform widget toolkit. Tcl (Tool Command Language)
and Tk (Toolkit) were originally developed in the late 1980s by John Ousterhout. Tkinter
provides a bridge between Python and the Tk GUI toolkit, enabling Python developers to
create windows, dialogs, buttons, menus, and other GUI elements.

Features of Tkinter

Tkinter, as the standard GUI library for Python, offers a wide array of features that make it a
powerful and flexible tool for developing desktop applications. Here are the key features of
Tkinter:

1. Cross-Platform Compatibility

 Tkinter is available on all major platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux,
allowing developers to create applications that run on multiple operating systems
without modification.

2. Simple and Intuitive Syntax

 Tkinter's syntax is straightforward and easy to learn, making it accessible for

beginners. It allows for rapid development of GUI applications with minimal code.

3. Comprehensive Widget Set

 Tkinter provides a wide range of standard GUI widgets such as:

o Label: Displays text or images.
o Button: Executes a command when clicked.
o Entry: Single-line text input field.
o Text: Multi-line text input field.
o Frame: Container for grouping other widgets.
o Canvas: For drawing shapes, images, and other graphics.
o Listbox: Displays a list of items.
o Scrollbar: Adds scrolling capability to other widgets.
 o Radiobutton: Allows selection of one option from a group.
o Checkbutton: Allows multiple selections from a set of options.
o Menu: Creates menus and submenus.
o Combobox: A combination of a drop-down list and an entry field.

4. Geometry Managers

 Tkinter includes three geometry managers to control the placement and organization
of widgets:
o pack(): Organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.
o grid(): Organizes widgets in a table-like structure within the parent widget.
o place(): Places widgets at an absolute position specified by the developer.

5. Event Handling

 Tkinter supports event-driven programming, allowing applications to respond to user

inputs and other events. Widgets can be associated with callback functions that get
executed when specific events occur, such as button clicks, key presses, or mouse
movements.

6. Customization and Styling

 Tkinter allows for extensive customization of widget properties, such as colors, fonts,
and sizes. The ttk (themed Tkinter) module provides a set of themed widgets that
offer a more modern look and feel, with improved styling capabilities.

7. Predefined Dialogs

 Tkinter includes a set of predefined dialog boxes for common tasks, such as:
o Message Boxes: For displaying information, warnings, and error messages.
o File Dialogs: For opening and saving files.
o Color Chooser: For selecting colors.
o Simple Dialogs: For inputting simple text or numerical values.

8. Canvas Widget

 The Canvas widget is one of Tkinter's most powerful features, allowing for the
creation of custom drawings, shapes, and images. It supports operations like drawing
lines, circles, rectangles, and complex graphics, as well as handling events related to
these items.

9. Internationalization

 Tkinter supports internationalization, allowing developers to create applications that

can display text in multiple languages. This is facilitated through the use of Unicode
and the ability to handle different character sets.

10. Extensibility
  Tkinter can be extended with custom widgets and functionality. Developers can create
new widgets by subclassing existing ones and adding new behavior or appearance.

11. Integration with Other Libraries

 Tkinter can be easily integrated with other Python libraries, enabling developers to
combine GUI functionality with other capabilities, such as data analysis with Pandas,
numerical computations with NumPy, or web requests with Requests.

12. Documentation and Community Support

 Tkinter has extensive documentation, including the official Python documentation and
numerous tutorials, examples, and guides available online. A large and active
community provides support through forums, mailing lists, and online communities.

13. Lightweight and Efficient

 Tkinter is lightweight, requiring minimal resources to run. This makes it suitable for a
wide range of applications, from small utilities to more complex systems.

14. Rapid Development and Prototyping

 The simplicity and ease of use of Tkinter make it ideal for rapid development and
prototyping of GUI applications. Developers can quickly create functional prototypes
and iterate on their designs.

Hence, Tkinter is a python library that is used for designing GUI (Graphical User Interface)
based applications. Generally it is used to design desktop applications providing a wide range
of features to enhance the functionality and provide a user friendly interface. Tkinter is a
library which enables us to create various projects using different widgets present in this
library. Moreover, you can enhance the functionality of the applications by adding some
additional features along with tkinter.

After having the deep knowledge about Python and Tkinter now we are going to discuss
about the next technology used in the project which is the database connectivity for which we
used the MySql database. Let us have a detailed overview of the database connectivity
section.
 XAMPP SERVER
In my project I have used the Xampp server for the database management. It provides various
facilities to manage database connectivity and also helpful in web development.

Let us have a look on the explanation of the Xampp server.

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package
developed by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB (or
MySQL), and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. It
is an easy-to-install Apache distribution containing MariaDB/MySQL, PHP, and Perl, which
makes it an excellent tool for developers to create and test web applications on their local
machines.

Components of XAMPP

1. Apache: Apache is the most widely used web server software. It is developed and
maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache
Software Foundation. It provides a secure, efficient, and extensible server that
provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.
2. MariaDB: MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MySQL intended to remain
free under the GNU General Public License. It is a relational database management
system and is designed to be highly compatible with MySQL, providing a reliable
SQL database solution.
3. MySQL: MySQL is an open-source relational database management system
(RDBMS). It is known for its reliability, ease of use, and performance. Although
XAMPP now uses MariaDB by default, MySQL can still be installed and used within
the XAMPP environment if preferred.
4. PHP: PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to
web development. It is fast, flexible, and pragmatic, powering everything from blogs
to the most popular websites in the world.
5. Perl: Perl is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language with over 30 years
of development. It is known for its power and flexibility, making it suitable for a wide
range of tasks, including web development, system administration, and more.

Installation and Configuration

1. Installation:

 Download: The XAMPP package can be downloaded from the Apache Friends
website (https://www.apachefriends.org/).
 Installation Process: The installation process is straightforward. After downloading,
run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions. During installation, you can
choose which components you want to install (e.g., Apache, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP,
Perl).
2. Configuration:

 Starting XAMPP: Once installed, you can start XAMPP through the XAMPP
Control Panel, which provides an interface to start and stop the various services
included in XAMPP.
 Service Configuration: The control panel allows you to configure each service (e.g.,
changing the port number for Apache if there is a conflict with another application).
 Security: For development purposes, XAMPP is configured to be as open as possible,
making it less secure. When moving to a production environment, it is crucial to
secure your installation by setting passwords for MySQL or MariaDB and other
services.
Using XAMPP

1. Web Development:

 Local Development: XAMPP allows developers to test their web applications locally
before deploying them to a live server. This ensures that the application is functioning
correctly and helps in identifying and fixing issues early in the development cycle.
 PHP Development: XAMPP includes PHP, which enables developers to write and
test PHP code locally. The Apache server can be configured to parse PHP files,
allowing for the execution of PHP scripts.
2. Database Management:

 phpMyAdmin: XAMPP includes phpMyAdmin, a free and open-source tool written

in PHP intended to handle the administration of MariaDB or MySQL over the web. It
supports a wide range of operations on MariaDB and MySQL, including the creation
and modification of databases, tables, fields, and rows; execution of SQL statements;
and managing users and permissions.

3. Other Uses:

 Testing Server-Side Code: XAMPP provides an environment to test server-side code

such as PHP scripts, ensuring they interact correctly with databases and perform as
expected.
 Learning and Experimentation: XAMPP is an excellent tool for students and
developers who are learning web development. It provides a complete environment to
experiment with different web technologies without the need for a live server.

Advantages of XAMPP

 Ease of Use: XAMPP is easy to install and use, making it accessible for beginners.
 Cross-Platform: Available for Windows, Linux, and macOS, ensuring compatibility
with different operating systems.
 Comprehensive Package: Includes all the necessary components for web
development, reducing the need for separate installations.
 Community Support: Being open-source, XAMPP has a large community of users
and developers who contribute to its development and provide support.

Disadvantages of XAMPP

 Security: By default, XAMPP is not configured for security, making it unsuitable for
a production environment without further configuration.
 Resource Intensive: Running all the services included in XAMPP can be resource-
intensive, which may be a concern for users with limited hardware capabilities.

Concluding, XAMPP is a powerful and versatile tool for web development, providing all the
necessary components in a single package. Its ease of installation and use makes it an ideal
choice for both beginners and experienced developers looking to create and test web
applications locally. However, for production use, additional configuration and security
measures are necessary to ensure a secure environment.
 Introduction To MySql
Introduction

MySQL is a widely-used, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It

is designed for managing and organizing data in a structured format, utilizing tables to
represent relationships among various data points. MySQL is renowned for its reliability,
performance, and ease of use, making it a popular choice for web applications, data
warehousing, and other database-intensive applications.

History and Development

MySQL was originally developed by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, founded by David
Axmark, Allan Larsson, and Michael "Monty" Widenius. The first version of MySQL was
released in 1995. In 2008, MySQL AB was acquired by Sun Microsystems, which was later
acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010. Oracle continues to maintain and develop MySQL,
ensuring its continued relevance and robustness.

Architecture

MySQL follows a client-server architecture, which includes the following components:

1. Client: The application that connects to the database server to perform operations
such as querying, updating, or managing the database.
2. Server: The MySQL server daemon (mysqld) which handles all database instructions
(or commands) and manages the database files.
3. Storage Engines: MySQL supports multiple storage engines that handle the physical
storage of data, such as InnoDB, MyISAM, Memory, and others. Each storage engine
has its own advantages and is optimized for different use cases.

Key Features

1. Open Source: MySQL is open-source software, available under the GNU General
Public License (GPL). This makes it free to use, modify, and distribute.
2. Cross-Platform: MySQL runs on various operating systems, including Linux,
Windows, macOS, and more.
3. Scalability: MySQL can handle large databases with millions of records, making it
suitable for both small and large applications.
4. Security: MySQL provides robust security features, including user authentication,
SSL support for encrypted connections, and data encryption.
5. Performance: MySQL is optimized for high performance, with features like query
caching, full-text indexing, and optimized storage engines like InnoDB.
6. Replication: MySQL supports master-slave and master-master replication, allowing
for data redundancy and load balancing.
 7. ACID Compliance: The InnoDB storage engine provides ACID (Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance, ensuring reliable transactions.
8. SQL Compliance: MySQL supports a broad subset of ANSI SQL (Structured Query
Language), making it compatible with a wide range of SQL-based applications.

MySQL Components

1. MySQL Server: The core component that handles database operations.

2. MySQL Workbench: A visual database design tool that provides data modeling,
SQL development, and database administration tools.
3. MySQL Shell: An advanced command-line client with scripting capabilities.
4. MySQL Connectors: APIs for various programming languages (e.g., Connector/J for
Java, Connector/Python for Python) that allow applications to interact with MySQL
databases.

Use Cases

1. Web Applications: MySQL is extensively used in web development, especially in

conjunction with PHP (commonly referred to as the LAMP stack: Linux, Apache,
MySQL, PHP).
2. Data Warehousing: MySQL can be used for large-scale data warehousing solutions,
providing efficient data storage and retrieval.
3. E-commerce: MySQL is ideal for e-commerce platforms that require reliable,
scalable databases for handling transactions and user data.
4. Content Management Systems (CMS): Popular CMS platforms like WordPress,
Joomla, and Drupal rely on MySQL for data management.

MySQL with XAMPP

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package
developed by Apache Friends. It consists mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB (a
drop-in replacement for MySQL), and interpreters for scripts written in PHP and Perl.
XAMPP makes it easy to create a local web server for testing and development purposes.

Using MySQL with XAMPP:

 Installation: XAMPP includes MySQL (or MariaDB) as part of its package,

simplifying the installation process. You just need to download and install XAMPP,
and MySQL will be ready to use.
 phpMyAdmin: XAMPP includes phpMyAdmin, a web-based administration tool for
managing MySQL databases. This makes it easy to create, modify, and manage
databases using a graphical interface.
 Development and Testing: XAMPP provides an integrated environment for
developing and testing web applications locally. MySQL, as part of XAMPP, allows
developers to quickly set up and manage databases without needing a separate server.

Advantages of MySQL
 1. Ease of Use: MySQL is easy to set up and use, with comprehensive documentation
and a large community for support.
2. Performance: MySQL is designed for high performance, with efficient memory
management and optimized query processing.
3. Reliability: MySQL is known for its reliability and robustness, making it suitable for
mission-critical applications.
4. Scalability: MySQL can scale from small applications to large, complex databases
with millions of records.
5. Security: MySQL offers strong security features to protect data, including encryption,
user authentication, and access control.
6. Flexibility: MySQL supports multiple storage engines, each optimized for different
types of workloads and data structures.
7. Community and Support: Being open-source, MySQL has a large community of
users and developers, providing extensive resources, forums, and third-party tools.

Installation and Configuration

Installing MySQL involves downloading the appropriate package for your operating system
from the official MySQL website, following the installation instructions, and configuring the
server. Configuration typically involves setting up user accounts, specifying default storage
engines, and configuring server parameters for optimal performance.

Administration and Management

MySQL administration involves tasks such as:

 User Management: Creating and managing user accounts and privileges.

 Backup and Recovery: Performing regular backups and implementing disaster
recovery plans.
 Performance Tuning: Monitoring and optimizing query performance, indexing
strategies, and server parameters.
 Security Management: Ensuring secure connections, managing user access, and
applying security patches.
University Management System using
Python and Tkinter
1. Introduction
1.1. Background

A University Management System (UMS) is a software application designed to manage

various activities and operations within a university. It helps in automating administrative
tasks such as student registration, attendance tracking, grade management, and more. This
project aims to develop a UMS using Python and Tkinter to provide an efficient and user-
friendly interface for managing university operations.

1.2. Objectives

The primary objectives of this project are:

 To design a user-friendly interface for students and administrators.

 To automate the process of student registration and information management.
 To track and manage student attendance efficiently.
 To visualize student grades in an organized manner.
 To enhance the overall management and operation efficiency of the university.

2. System Design
2.1. Architecture

The system architecture of the UMS is divided into three main components:

1. Frontend (GUI): Designed using Tkinter for creating windows, forms, and other UI
components.
2. Backend (Logic): Implemented using Python to handle the core functionality such as
database interactions, calculations, and business logic.
3. Database: SQLite will be used for storing and retrieving data. It provides a
lightweight and efficient way to manage the database within the application.

2.2. User Roles

The system will have two primary user roles:

 1. Students: Can log in, view their attendance, and grades.
2. Administrators: Can manage student information, track attendance, and manage
grades.

3. Functionalities
3.1. Student Login Section

3.1.1. User Authentication

 Description: Allows students to log in to the system using their unique credentials
(username and password).
 Implementation:
o A login form with fields for username and password.
o Validation checks for correct credentials.
o Secure password storage and retrieval using hashing techniques.

3.1.2. Profile Management

 Description: Allows students to view and update their personal information.

 Implementation:
o A profile page displaying student details such as name, email, course, etc.
o Edit functionality to update personal information.

3.2. Attendance Tracking

3.2.1. Attendance Marking

 Description: Enables administrators to mark attendance for students.

 Implementation:
o A form for selecting the course, date, and marking students present or absent.
o Storage of attendance records in the database.

3.2.2. Attendance Reports

 Description: Allows students and administrators to view attendance reports.

 Implementation:
o Generation of attendance reports based on selected criteria (date range, course,
etc.).
o Displaying reports in tabular format and providing options for export.

3.3. Grades Visualization

3.3.1. Grade Entry

 Description: Enables administrators to enter and update student grades.

 Implementation:
o A form for entering grades for each student in different courses.
o Storage of grade records in the database.
3.3.2. Grade Reports

 Description: Allows students and administrators to view grade reports.

 Implementation:
o Generation of grade reports based on selected criteria (course, semester, etc.).
o Displaying reports in tabular and graphical formats for better visualization.

4. Implementation Details
4.1. Tools and Technologies

 Programming Language: Python

 GUI Library: Tkinter
 Database: SQLite
 IDE: Any Python IDE (e.g., PyCharm, VS Code)

4.2. User Interface Design

 Login Screen: A simple login form for user authentication.

 Dashboard: A main dashboard providing quick access to different functionalities
(attendance, grades, profile).
 Forms: Forms for entering and updating data (attendance, grades, student
information).
 Reports: Pages for displaying attendance and grade reports in a user-friendly manner.

4.3. Database Design

 Student Table: Stores student information (ID, name, email, course, etc.).
 Attendance Table: Stores attendance records (student ID, course, date, status).
 Grades Table: Stores grades information (student ID, course, grade, semester).

4.4. Code Structure

 Main.py: Entry point of the application. Initializes the main window and handles
navigation.
 Login.py: Handles user authentication and login functionalities.
 Dashboard.py: Displays the main dashboard with navigation options.
 Attendance.py: Manages attendance tracking functionalities.
 Grades.py: Manages grades entry and visualization functionalities.
 Database.py: Handles all database interactions and operations.