COLAND SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC.

PROFESSIONAL ENHANCEMENT REVIEWER

Subject: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

Reviewer Code:

1. Who among the teachers describe below is doing assessment?

a. Mrs. Baustista who is administering a test to her students.
b. Mr. Ferrer who is counting the scores obtained by the students in his test.
c. Ms. Leyva who is computing the final grade of the students after completing all their
requirements.
d. Prod. Cuevas who is planning for a remedial instruction after knowing that students perform
poorly in her test.
2. Mr. Fernandez is judging the accuracy of these statements. Which statements will consider as correct?
I. Test is a tool to measure a trait.
II. Measurement is the process of qualifying a given trait.
III. Assessment is the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data for
IV. Evaluation is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data for decision making.
a. I and II only
b. III and IV only
c. I, II and III
d. I, III and IV
3. If I have to use the most authentic method of assessment, which of these procedures should I consider?
a. Traditional Test c. Written Test
b. Performance – based Assessment d. Objective Assessment
4. After doing the exercise on verbs, Ms. Borillo gave a short quiz to find out how well students have
understood the lesson. What type of assessment was done?
a. Summative Assessment c. Diagnostic Assessment
b. Formative Assessment d. Placement Assessment
5. Who among the teachers below performed a diagnostic assessment?
a. Ms. Santos who asked questions when the discussion was going on to know who among her
students understood what she was trying to emphasize.
b. Mr. Colubong who have a short quiz after discussing thoroughly the lesson to determine the
programs of learning.
c. Ms. Ventura who have 10 – item test to find out the specific lessons which the students failed
to understand.
d. Mrs. Lopez who administered a readiness test to the incoming grade one pupils.
6. You are assessing for learning. Which of these will you likely do?
a. Giving grades to students.
b. Reporting to parents the performance of their child.
c. Recommending new policies in grading students.
d. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of students
7. Ms. Saplan is planning to do an assessment of learning. Which of these should she include in her plan
considering her purpose for assessment?
a. How to give immediate feedback to student’s strengths and weaknesses.
b. How to determine the area of interest of learners.
c. How to certify student’s achievement.
d. How to design one’s instruction.
8. You targeted that after instruction, your students should be able to show their ability to solve problems with
speed and accuracy. You then designed a tool to measure this ability. What principle of assessment did you
consider in this situation?
a. Assessment should be based on clear and appropriate learning targets or objectives.
b. Assessment should have a positive consequence on student’s learning.
c. Assessment should be reliable.
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 d. Assessment should be fair.
9. Ms. Ortega tasked her students to show how to play basketball. What learning target is she assessing?
a. Knowledge b. Reasoning c. Skills d. Products
10. Mr. Ravelas made an essay test for the objective “Identify the planets in the solar system”. Was the
assessment method used the most appropriate for the given objective? Why?
a. Yes, because essay test is easier to construct than objective test.
b. Yes, because essay test can measure any type of objective.
c. No, he should have conducted oral questioning.
d. No, he should have prepared an objective test.
11. Mr. Cidro wants to test students’ knowledge of the different places in the Philippines, their capital and their
products and so he gave his students an essay test. If you were the teacher, will you do the same?
a. No, the giving of an objective test is more appropriate than the use of essay.
b. No, such method of assessment is inappropriate because essay is difficult.
c. Yes, essay test could measure more than what the other tests could measure.
d. Yes, essay test is the best in measuring any type of knowledge.
12. What type of validity does the Pre – board examination possess if its results can explain how the students
will likely perform in their licensure examination?
a. Concurrent b. Predictive c. Construct d. Content
13. Ms. Aviz wants to deternine if the students’ scores in their Final Test is reliable. However, she has only one
set of test and her students are already on vacation. What test of reliability can she employ?
a. Test – Retest c. Equivalent Forms
b. Kuder Richardson Method d. Test – Retest with Equivalent Forms

Refer to this case in answering items 14 – 15

Two teachers of the same grade level have set the following objectives for the day’s lesson. At the end of the
period, the students should be able to:
a. Construct bar graph, and
b. Interpret bar graphs

To assess the attainment of the objectives, Teacher A required the students to construct a bar graph for the given set
of data then she asked them to interpret this using a set of questions as guide. Teacher B presented a bar graph then
asked them to interpret this using also a set of guide questions.

14. Whose practice is acceptable based on the principles of assessment?

a. Teacher A c. Both Teacher A and B
b. Teacher B d. Neither Teacher nor Teacher B

15. Which is true about the given case?

a. Objective A matched with performance – based assessment while B can be assessed during the
traditional pen – and – paper objective test.
b. Objective A matched with traditional assessment while B can be assessed using a performance –
based method.
c. Both objective A and B matched with performance – based assessment.
d. Both objective A and B matched with traditional assessment.

16. In the context of the Theory of Multiple Intelligence, which is weakness of the paper – pencil test?
a. It puts non – linguistically intelligent at a disadvantage.
b. It is not easy to administer.
c. It utilizes so much time.
d. It lacks reliability.
17. Mr. Umayam is doing a performance – based assessment for the day’s lesson. Which of the following will
most likely happen?
a. Students are evaluated in one sitting.
b. Students do an actual demonstration of their skill.
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 c. Students are evaluated in the most objective manner.
d. Students are evaluated based on varied evidences of learning.
18. Ms. Del Rosario rated her students in terms of appropriate and effective use of some laboratory equipment
and measurement tools and the students ability to follow the specified procedures. What mode of
assessment should Miss del Rosario use?
a. Portfolio Assessment c. Traditional Assessment
b. Journal Assessment d. Performance – based Assessment
19. Mrs. Hilario presented the lesson on baking through a group activity so that the students will not just learn
how to bake but also develop their interpersonal skills. How should this lesson be assessed?
I. She should give the students an essay test explaining how they bake the cake.
II. The students should be graded on the quality of their baked cake using a rubric.
III. The students in a group should rate the members based on their ability to cooperate in their
group activity.
IV. She should observe how the pupils perform their task.

a. I, II, and III only c. I, II and IV only

b. I, III, and IV only d. I, II, III and IV
20. If a teacher has set objectives in all domains or learning targets and which could be assessed using a single
performance task, what criterion in selecting a task should she consider?
a. Generalizability c. Multiple Foci
b. Fairness d. Teachability
21. Which term refers to the collection of students’ products and accomplishments in a given period for
evaluation purposes?
a. Diary b. Portfolio c. Anecdotal Record d. Observation Report
22. Mrs. Catalan allowed the students to develop their own portfolio in their own style as long as they show all
non – negotiable evidences of learning. What principle in portfolio assessment explains this practice?
a. Content Principle c. Equity Principle
b. Learning Principle d. Product Principle
23. How should the following steps in portfolio assessment be arranged logically?
I. Set targets
II. Select evidences
III. Collect evidences
IV. Rate collection
V. Reflect on evidences
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. I, III, II, V, IV
c. I, II, III, V, IV
d. I, III, V, II, IV
24. Which could be seen in a rubric?
I. Objective in a high level of cognitive behavior
II. Multiple criteria in assessing learning
III. Quantitative descriptions of the quality of work
IV. Qualitative descriptions of the quality of work
a. I and II only
b. II, III and IV only
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV
25. The pupils are to be judged individually on their mastery of the singing of the national anthem so their
teacher let them sing individually. What should the teacher use in rating the performance of the pupils
considering the fact that the teacher has only one period to spend in evaluating her 20 pupils?
a. Analytic c. Either holistic or analytic
b. Holistic d. both holistic and analytic
26. Mrs. Pua is judging the worth of the project of the students in her Science class based on a set of criteria.
What process describes what she is doing?
a. Testing b. Measuring c. Evaluating d. Assessing
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 27. Mrs. Acebuche is comparing measurement from evaluation. Which statement explains the difference?
a. Measurement is assigning a numerical value to a given trait while evaluation is giving
meaning to the numerical value of the trait.
b. Measurement is the process of gathering while evaluation is the process of quantifying the data
gathered.
c. Measurement is the process of quantifying data while evaluation is the process of organizing data.
d. Measurement is a pre – requisite of assessment while evaluation is the pre-requisite of testing.
28. Ms. Ricafort uses alternative methods of assessment. Which of the following will she not likely use?
a. Multiple Choice Test
b. Reflective Journal Writing
c. Oral Presentation
d. Developing Portfolios
29. Ms. Camba aims to measure a product of learning. Which of these objectives will she most likely set for
her instruction?
a. Show positive attitude towards learning common nouns
b. Identify common nouns in a reading selection
c. Construct a paragraph using common nouns
d. Use a common noun in a sentence
30. The students of Mrs. Valino are very noise. To keep them busy, they were given any test available in the
classroom and then the results were graded as a way to punish them. Which statement best explains if the
practice is acceptable or not?
a. The practice is acceptable because the students behaved well when they were given a test.
b. The practice is not acceptable because it violates the principle of reliability.
c. The practice is not acceptable because it violates the principle of validity.
d. The practice is acceptable since the test results are graded.
31. Ms. Delos Angeles advocates assessment for learning. Which will she NOT likely do?
a. Formative Assessment c. Placement Assessment
b. Diagnostic Assessment d. Summative Assessment
32. At the beginning of the school year, the 6 – year old pupils were tested to find out who among them can
already read. The result was used to determine their sections. What kind of test was given to them?
a. Diagnostic b. Formative c. Placement d. Summative
33. The grade six pupils were given a diagnostic test in addition and subtraction of whole numbers to find out
if they can proceed to the next unit. However, the results of the test were very low. What should the teacher
do?
a. Proceed to the next lesson to be able to finish all the topics in the course.
b. Construct another test parallel to the given test to determine the consistency of the scores.
c. Count the frequent of errors to find out the lessons that the majority of the students need to relearn.
d. Record the scored then inform the parents about the very poor performance of their child in
mathematics.
34. Mrs. Nogueras is doing an assessment of learning. At what stage of instruction should she do it?
a. Before instruction c. Prior to instruction
b. After instruction d. during the instructional process
35. Mr. Cartilla developed an Achievement Test in Math for grade three pupils. Before he finalize the test he
examined carefully if the test items were constructed based on the competencies that have to be tested.
What test or validity was he trying to establish?
a. Content – validity c. Predictive Validity
b. Concurrent – validity d. Construct Validity
36. Mrs. Robles wants to establish the reliability of her achievement test in English. Which of the following
activities will help her achieve her purpose?
a. Administer two parallel tests to different groups of students.
b. Administer two equivalent tests to the same group of students.
c. Administer a single test but two different groups of students.
d. Administer two different tests but to the same group of students.

Refer to the situation below in answering items 37 and 38

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A teacher set the following objectives for the day’s lesson:
At the end of the period, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the parts of friendly letter
b. Construct a friendly letter using the MS Word and
c. Show interest towards the day’s lesson
To assess the attainment of the objective, Mrs. Cidro required the students to construct friendly letter and have it
encoded at their computer laboratory using the MS Word. The letter should inform one’s friend about what one has
learned in the day’s lesson and how one felt about it.

37. Which is NOT true about the given case?

a. Ms. Cidro practices a balanced assessment.
b. Ms. Cidro’s assessment method is performance – based.
c. Ms. Cidro needs a rubric in scoring the work of the students.
d. Ms. Cidro’s assessment targets are all in the cognitive domain.
38. If Mr. Paraiso will have to make a scoring rubric for the student’s output, what format is better to construct
considering that the teacher has limited time to evaluate their work?
a. Analytic Rubric c. Either A or B
b. Holistic Rubric d. Neither A nor B
39. The school principal has 3 teacher applicants all of whom graduated from the same institution and are
licensed teachers. She only needs to hire one. What should she do to choose the best teacher from the
three?
I. Give them a placement test.
II. Interview them on why they want to apply in the school.
III. Let them demonstrate how to teach a particular lesson.
IV. Study their portfolios to examine the qualities of the student’s outputs when they were in College?
a. I and II c. I, III and IV
b. II and III d. II, III and IV
40. What should be done first when planning for a performance – based assessment?
a. Determine the “table of specifications” of the tasks
b. Set the competency to be assessed.
c. Set the criteria in scoring the task.
d. Prepare a scoring rubric.
41. To maximize the amount of time spent for performance – based assessment, which one should be done?
a. Plan a task that can be used for instruction and assessment at the same time.
b. Assess one objective for one performance task.
c. Set objectives only for cognitive domains.
d. Limit the task to one meeting only.
42. Who among the teachers below gave the most authentic assessment task for the objective “Solve word
problems involving the four basic operations”
a. Mrs. Juliano who presented a word problem involving a four fundamental operations and then
asked the pupils to solve it.
b. Mrs. Mandia who asked her pupils to construct a word problem for a given number sentence that
involves four fundamental operations and then asked them to solve the word problem they
constructed.
c. Mrs. Malang who asked her pupils to construct any word problem that involves the four
fundamental operations and then asked them to show how to solve it.
d. Mrs. Pontipedra who asked her pupils to construct any word problem that involves four
fundamental operations then formed them by twos so that each pair exchanged problems and
help solve each other’s problem.
43. Which is wrong to assume about traditional assessment?
a. It can assess individuals objectively.
b. It can assess individuals at the same time.
c. It is easier to administer than performance test.
d. It can assess fairly all the domains of intelligence of an individual.
44. Which statement about performance – based assessment is FALSE?
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 a. It emphasizes merely process.
b. It also stresses doing, not only knowing.
c. It accentuates on process as well as product.
d. Essay tests are an example of performance – based assessments.
45. Under which assumption is portfolio assessment based?
a. Portfolio assessment is a dynamic assessment.
b. Assessment should stress the reproduction of knowledge.
c. An individual learner is adequately characterized by a test score.
d. An individual learner is inadequately characterized by a test score.
46. Which is a good portfolio evidence of a student’s acquired knowledge and writing skills?
a. Project b. Test Results c. Reflective Journal d. Critiqued Outputs
47. When planning for portfolio assessment, which should you do first?
a. Set the targets for portfolio assessment.
b. Exhibit one’s work and be proud of one’s collection.
c. Select evidences that could be captured in one’s portfolio.
d. Reflect on one’s collection and identify strengths and weaknesses.
48. Which kind of rubric is best to use in rating students’ projects done for several days?
a. Analytic b. Holistic c. Either Holistic or analytic d, Both holistic and analytic
49. Which is not true of an analytic rubric?
a. It is time consuming.
b. It is easier to construct than the holistic rubric.
c. It gives one’s level of performance per criterion.
d. It allows one to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of one’s work.
50. Mrs. Bacani prepared a rubric with 5 levels of performance described in 5 – excellent, 4 – very satisfactory,
3 – satisfactory, 2 – needs improvement, 1 – poor. After using this rubric with these descriptions, she found
out that most of her students had a rating of 3. Even those who are evidently poor in their performance had
a rating of satisfactory. Could there be a possible error in the use of the rubric?
a. Yes, the teacher could have committed the generosity error.
b. Yes, the teacher could have committed the central tendency source of error.
c. No, it is just common to see more of the students having grade of 3 in a 5 – point scale.
d. No, such result is acceptable as long as it has a positive consequence to the students.
51. In a positively skewed distribution, the following statement are true except
a. Median is higher than the mode.
b. Mean is higher than the median
c. Mean is lower than the Mode
d. Mean is not lower than the Mode.
52. Which of the following questions indicate a norm – referred interpretation?
a. How does the pupils test performance in our school compare with that of other school?
b. How does a pupil’s test performance in reading and mathematics compare?
c. What type of remedial work will be most helpful for a slow – learning pupil?
d. Which pupils have achieved master of computational skills?
53. What is the performance of a student in the National Achievement Test (NAT) if he obtained/got a stanine
score of 5?
a. Between average and above average
b. Between average and below average
c. Below average
d. Average
54. Based on the figure, which is true about the distribution?
a. Mean = 55, median = 48, mode = 34
b. Mean = 46, median = 40, mode = 37
c. Mean = 63, median = 63, mode = 63
d. The distribution is mesokurtic.
55. If quartile deviation is to median, what is to mean?
a. Standard Deviation b. Mode c. Range d. Variance
56. In a normal distribution, which of the following is true?
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 a. Median = mode = mean
b. Median ≠ mode = mean
c. Median ≠ mode ≠ mean
d. Mean = median = mode
57. Which of the following situations may lower the validity of test?
a. Mrs. Josea increases the number of items measuring each specific skill from three to five.
b. Mr. Santosa simplifies the language in the directions for the test.
c. Miss Lopeza removes the items in the achievement test that everyone would be able to answer
correctly.
d. None of the above
58. In a negatively skewed distribution, which of the following statement is true?
a. Mode is lower than the mean.
b. Mean is lower than the mode.
c. Median is higher than the mode.
d. Mode is lower than the median.
59. In a negatively skewed distribution, the following statements are true EXCEPT?
a. Mean is not higher than the median.
b. Median is lower than the mode.
c. Mean is lower than the mode.
d. Mode is less than the median.
60. Miss Cortez administered a test to her class and the result is positively skewed. What kind of test do you
think Miss Cortez gave to her pupils?
a. Post test b. Pretest c. Mastery test d. Criterion -reference test
61. The result of the test given by teacher A showed a negatively skewed distribution. What kind of test did
Teacher A give?
a. The test is difficult. c. It is moderately difficult.
b. It is not too easy nor too difficult. d. It is easy.
62. When the distribution is skewed to the right, what kind of test was administered?
a. Difficult b. Easy c. Average/moderately difficult d. Partly easy-partly difficult
63. In a negatively skewed distribution, what kind of students does Teacher B have?
a. Very good b. Very poor c. Average d. Heterogeneous
64. In a positively skewed distribution, the students are?
a. Very good b. very poor c. Average d. Normally distributed
65. In a positively skewed distribution, which of the following statements is true?
a. Mode = 67 while Media = 54
b. Median = 53 while Mean = 41
c. Mean = 73 while Mode = 49
d. Median is 34 while Mode = 42
66. Which statements represent criterion – referenced interpretation?
a. Lucresia did better in solving the linear equation than 80% of representative Algebra students.
b. Lucresia’s score indicates that she is able to solve about two thirds of all one – variable linear
equations such complexity.
c. Students who have reached Lucresia’s level on linear equations usually succeed in the subsequent
unit on simultaneous equations with special help or extra time; i.e. Lucresia is ready to move ahead.
d. All of the above
67. Bernard obtained a 97 percentile rank in an aptitutde test. This means
a. He answered 97% of the items correctly.
b. He belongs to the 97% of the group who took the test.
c. 79% of the examinees did better than him on the test.
d. He surpassed 97% of those who took the test.

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68. Which set of scores has the least variability?
Set 1 0,5,10,15,20
Set 2 25,35,45,55
Set 3 0,2,8,15,20
Set 4 505,501,503
a. Set 1 b. Set 2 c. Set 3 d. Set 4
69. Standard deviation is to variability as mode to?
a. Correlation b. Discrimination c. Central Tendency d. Level of Difficulty
70. Goring performed better than 65% of the total number of examines in the district achievement test. What is
his percentile rank?
a. P35 b. P65 c. P66 d. P75
71. Which is a guidance function of a test?
a. Identifying pupils who need corrective teaching.
b. Predicting success in future academic and vocational education.
c. Assigning markers for courses taken
d. Grouping pupils for instruction within a class.
72. Mr. Reyes, an elementary school teacher in Science found out that many of his pupils got very high scores
in the test. What measure of central tendency should he use to describe their average performance in the
subject?
a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
73. Which of the following indicates how compressed or expanded the distribution of score is?
a. Measures of position
b. Measures of central tendency
c. Measures of correlation
d. Measures of variability
74. The proportion passing the upper and lower group is .80 and .95, respectively. What is the index of
difficulty?
a. .38 b. .40 c. .58 d. 1.02
75. Mr. Gringo tried to correlate the scores of his pupils in the Social studies test with their grades in the same
subject last 3rd quarter. What test validity is he trying to establish?
a. Content validity c. Concurrent validity
b. Construct validity d. Criterion related validity
76. If a test item has difficult index of 0.06, how would you describe the test item?
a. It is very easy. c. It is very difficult.
b. It is moderately difficult. d. It is difficult.
77. Two sections have the same mean but the standard deviation of section 2 is higher than section 1. Which of
the two section is more homogenous?
a. Section 1 b. Section 2 c. Both a and b d. None of the Above
78. Miss Corteza administered a test to her class and the result is positively skewed. What kind of test do you
think Miss Corteza gave to her pupils?
a. Post test b. Pretest c. Mastery Test d. Criterion – referenced test
79. In his second item analysis, Mr. Gonzales found out that more from the lower group got the test item 15
correctly. What does this mean?
a. The item has become more valid.
b. The item has become more reliable.
c. The item has a positive discriminating power.
d. The item has a negative discriminating power.
80. Q1 is 25th percentile as media is to what percentile?
a. 40th percentile b. 60th percentile c. 50th percentile d. 75th percentile
81. Which is implied by a positively skewed scores distribution?
a. The mean, the median and the mode are equal.
b. Mose of the scores are high.
c. Most of the scores are low.
d. The mode is high.
82. In a normal distribution curve, what does a T – score of 60 mean?
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 a. Two SDs below the mean
b. Two SDs above the mean
c. One SD below the mean
d. One SD above the mean

For items 8 to 13, what does each figure/distribution on the right indicate?

83.
a. mean>median>mode
b. mean < mode > median
c. mean > mode <median
d. mean <median<mode
84.
a. mode <mean<median
b. mode>mean>median
c. median<mode>mean
d. none of the above
85.
a. equal means, unequal standard deviations
b. equal means, equal standard deviations
c. unequal means, equal standard deviations
d. unequal means, unequal standard deviations
86.
a. unequal means, unequal standard deviations
b. unequal means, equal standard deviations
c. equal means, equal standard deviations
d. equal means, unequal standard deviations

87.
a. unequal variability, equal means, different shapes
b. unequal means, equal variability, different shapes
c. equal variability, equal means, different shapes
d. unequal variability, unequal means, different shapes
88.
a. unequal means, equal standard deviations
b. equal means, unequal standard deviations
c. equal means, equal standard deviations
d. unequal means, unequal standard deviations
89. In conducting a parent – teacher conference, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Be friendly and informal.
b. Be a know – it – all person
c. Be willing to accept suggestions
d. Be careful in giving advice
90. In a frequent distribution, what is the midpoint of the class interval whose lower and upper limits are 99.5
and 109.5?
a. 107.0 b. 105.0 c. 104.5 d. 102.5
91. In a frequent distribution, what is the interval size of the class whose lower and upper limits are 9.5 and
19.5?
a. 11.0 b. 10.0 c. 9.0 d. 5.0
92. Given a mean of 55 and a standard deviation of 8, what two scores include one standard deviation below
and above the mean?
a. 46 and 63 c. 47 and 63
b. 47 and 64 d. 46 and 64
93. Given the same mean of 55 and standard deviation of 8, what score corresponds to two standard deviation
above the mean?
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 a. 70 b. 71 c. 72 d. 73
94. What principle of test construction is violated when one places very difficult items at the beginning, thus
creating frustration among students particularly those of average ability and below average?
a. All the items of particular type should be placed together in the test.
b. The items should be phrased so that the content rather than the form of the statements will
determine the answer.
c. All items should be approximately 50 percent difficulty.
d. The items of any particular type should be arranged in an ascending order of difficulty.
95. Mrs. Reyes would like to find out how well her students know each other. What assessment instrument
would best suit her objective?
a. Self – report instrument c. Guess – who technique
b. Sociometric technique d. All of the above
96. Mr. Reyes asked his pupils to indicate on the piece of paper the names of their classmates whom they
would like to be with for some group activity, what assessment technique did Mr. Reyes use?
a. Self – report technique c. Sociometric technique
b. Guess – who technique d. Anecdotal technique
97. Which of the following assessment procedures/tools is useful in assessing social relation skills?
a. Anecdotal records b. Attitude scale c. Peer appraisal d. any of the above
98. If the proportion passing for the upper and lower group is .90 and .30 respectively, what is the
discrimination index?
a. .40 b. .50 c. .60 d. .70
99. Which is an example of affective learning outcome?
a. Interpret stimuli from various modalities to provide data needed in making adjustments to the
environment.
b. Judge problem and issues in terms of situations involved rather than in terms of fix dogmatic
thinking.
c. Appreciate the quality and worth of the story read.
d. None of the above
100. Mr. Mirasol who is a high school teacher in English conducted an item analysis of his test. He found out
that four of the items of the test obtained the following difficulty and discrimination indices and as follows:
Item Number Difficulty Index Descrimination Index
1. .58 .49
2. .92 .72
3. .09 .32
4. .93 .15

Which of the above items should be discard in his item pool?

a. Item 1 b. Item 2 c. Item 3 d. Item 4

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