Terna Engineering College

Computer Engineering Department

Program: Sem VI

Course: Cloud Computing Lab (CSL603)

Faculty: Pradnya Jadhav

Experiment No.2A

A.1 Aim:
Implement Software Virtualization using Hypervisors (VM WARE)

A.2 Prerequisite:
Knowledge of Server, Networking, Distributed computingand basic knowledge of cloud
computing.

A.3 Objective:
Understand and implement different types of virtualizations and create and run
virtual machines.

A.3 Outcome: (LO2)

After successful completion of this experiment studentwill be able to
• understand the Virtualization
• Create Virtual machines using various hypervisors available

A.4 Theory:

Virtualization:virtualization in cloud computing is making a virtual image of the

storage devices servers or network resources so that they can be used on multiple
machines at the same time. There are many positive and negative effects of
virtualization technology on the environment as well as the business and IT field.

OR

Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something,

such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network
resources".
We can define Virtualization as a technology that provides the capability to logically
separate the physical resources of a server and use them as different isolated machines,
called Virtual Machines.

Previously, there were computers that ran an Operating System (OS) and application on
top of the OS, but now, with the help of virtualization software like Hypervisor, one can
create multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) on a single computer and install OS on them and
run all of them at the same time.

Figure 2.1 Virtualization

Advantages of Virtualization:

Virtualization in Cloud Computing, save the cost for a physical system such as hardware
and servers. It stores all the data in the virtual server, which are quite economical. It
reduces the wastage, decreases the electricity bills along with the maintenance cost.

✓ Reduced capital and operating costs.

✓ Minimized or eliminated downtime.
✓ Increased IT productivity, efficiency, agility and responsiveness.
✓ Faster provisioning of applications and resources.
✓ Greater business continuity and disaster recovery.
✓ Simplified data center management.

Disadvantages of Virtualization
✓ It can have a high cost of implementation. ...
✓ It still has limitations. ...
✓ It creates a security risk. ...
✓ It creates an availability issue. ...
✓ It creates a scalability issue. ...
✓ It requires several links in a chain that must work together cohesively. ...
✓ It takes time.
✓ Software licensing costs.
✓ The necessity to train IT, staff, in virtualization.

Types of Virtualization

Figure 2.2 Types of Virtualization

1. Hardware/Server Virtualization
Hardware virtualization in cloud computing and see its types. It is the most common
type of virtualization and it provides advantages like optimum hardware utilization and
application uptime.
The basic idea is to combine many small physical servers into one large physical server
so that the processor can be used more effectively. The operating system that is running
on a physical server gets converted into a well-defined OS that runs on the virtual
machine.

Hardware virtualization is further subdivided into the following types:

✓ Full Virtualization – In this, the complete simulation of the actual hardware takes
place to allow the software to run an unmodified guest OS.
✓ Para Virtualization – In this type of virtualization, software unmodified runs in
modified OS as a separate system.
✓ Partial Virtualization – In this type of hardware virtualization, the software may
need modification to run.

2. Network Virtualization
Let’s see how is network virtualization used in cloud computing. It refers to the
management and monitoring of a computer network as a single managerial entity from
a single software-based administrator’s console.
Two categories:
✓ Internal: Provide network-like functionality to a single system.
✓ External: Combine many networks or parts of networks into a virtual unit.

3. Storage Virtualization
In this type of virtualization, multiple network storage resources are present as a single
storage device for easier and more efficient management of these resources. It provides
various advantages as follows:
✓ Improved storage management in a heterogeneous IT environment
✓ Easy updates, better availability
✓ Reduced downtime
✓ Better storage utilization
✓ Automated management
In general, there are two types of storage virtualization:
✓ Block- It works before the file system exists. It replaces controllers and takes over
at the disk level.
✓ File- The server that uses the storage must have software installed on it in order to
enable file-level usage.
4. Memory Virtualization
It introduces a way to decouple memory from the server to provide a shared,
distributed or networked function.
It enhances performance by providing greater memory capacity without any addition to
the main memory. That’s why a portion of the disk drive serves as an extension of the
main memory.
Implementations –
✓ Application-level integration – Applications running on connected computers
directly connect to the memory pool through an API or the file system.

✓ Operating System-Level Integration – The operating system first connects to the

memory pool and makes that pooled memory available to applications.

5. Software Virtualization
It provides the ability to the main computer to run and create one or more virtual
environments. It is used to enable a complete computer system in order to allow a guest
OS to run.
For instance letting Linux run as a guest that is natively running a Microsoft Windows
OS (or vice versa, running Windows as a guest on Linux).
Types:
✓ Operating system
✓ Application virtualization
✓ Service virtualization
6. Data Virtualization
Without any technical details, you can easily manipulate data and know how it is
formatted or where it is physically located. It decreases the data errors and workload.

7. Desktop virtualization
It provides work convenience and security. As one can access remotely, you are able to
work from any location and on any PC. It provides a lot of flexibility for employees to
work from home or on the go.
It also protects confidential data from being lost or stolen by keeping it safe on central
servers.
 PART B

(PART B: TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)

Roll No.: C-20 Name: Riddhi J. Javkar

Class: TE COMPS C Batch: C-2

Date of Experiment: 17/01/24 Date of Submission: 17/01/24

Grade :

B.1 Question of Curiosity:

Q1: What is Hypervisor? List out various hypervisors which are used to create Virtual machines.

- A hypervisor is a software or hardware platform that enables the creation and management of
virtual machines (VMs).

There are two main types of hypervisors:

Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare Metal Hypervisor)

Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted Hypervisor)

Common hypervisors include:

1. VMware vSphere/ESXi

2. Microsoft Hyper-V

3. Xen

4. KVM

5. Oracle VirtualBox
Q2: Compare and Contrast Hardware and Software Virtualization.

- Hardware Virtualization:

Implementation: Installed directly on the physical hardware (Type 1 hypervisor).

Performance: Generally offers better performance as it interacts directly with hardware.

Isolation: Strong isolation between virtual machines.

Examples: VMware ESXi, Xen.

Software Virtualization:

Implementation: Installed on top of an existing operating system (Type 2 hypervisor).

Performance: May have slightly lower performance compared to hardware virtualization due to
an additional layer.

Isolation: Virtual machines share resources with the host operating system.

Examples: VMware Workstation, VirtualBox.

Common Aspects:

Purpose: Both enable the creation and management of virtual machines.

Use Cases: Hardware virtualization is often used in enterprise environments, while software
virtualization is common for development and testing.

Flexibility: Software virtualization is more flexible for desktop and non-production

environments, whereas hardware virtualization is favored for production servers.

Resource Utilization: Hardware virtualization is generally more efficient in utilizing hardware

resources.

In summary, hardware virtualization provides better performance and stronger isolation by

running directly on the hardware, making it suitable for production environments. Software
virtualization, while slightly less efficient, is more flexible and commonly used for non-
production purposes.
Q3: Write down steps to install VM ware workstation (with appropriate screen shot).

- 1. Download VMware Workstation from the official website.

2. Run the downloaded installer.

3. Accept the license agreement.

4. Choose installation type (Typical or Custom).

5. Review installation settings.

6. Click "Install" to start the installation.

7. Wait for the installation to complete.

8. Click "Finish" to exit the installer.

9. Reboot the system if prompted.

10. Launch VMware Workstation.

Q4: Write down steps to create virtual machines (with appropriate screen shot).

- Step 1: Download Oracle Virtual box

Step 2: Install it in Windows, Once the installation has done open it.

Step 3:-:Create Virtual Machine by clicking on New

Step 4-: To Select the media for installation Click on start and browse for iso file
Step 5-: Specify RAM Size, HDD Size, and Network Configuration and Finish the wizard

Step 6:Complete the Installation and use it.

Step 7: To Connect OS to the network change network Mode to Bridge Adapto
Q.5 What do you mean by system image?

- A system image is a complete and exact copy of an entire computer system, including the
operating system, system settings, applications, and data. It serves as a snapshot or backup of the
system at a specific point in time, allowing for easy restoration in case of system failures, data
loss, or when migrating to a new computer.

Q.6 List out steps to create system image backup.

- 1. Open backup settings.

2. Select "Create a System Image."

3. Choose backup location.

4. Select drives to include.

5. Start backup process.

6. Wait for completion.

7. Verify backup.

8. Store backup media securely.

B.2 Conclusion:

We understood different types of virtualizations, host and bare metal hypervisors and create and
run virtual machines. After successful completion of this experiment we were able to understand
the Virtualization and create Virtual machines using various hypervisors available.