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Annex A

Programs relating to the questions of the admission tests to the master's degree
courses in Medicine and Surgery (LM-41), in Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics
(LM-46) in English

Admission to the courses requires the ability to understand and analyze written texts of
various types, to conduct logical-mathematical reasoning, as well as knowledge of
general culture, with special regard to the historical, geographical, social and institutional
and disciplinary fields in mathematics , chemistry, physics and biology.

The skills and knowledge required respond to the preparation promoted by educational
institutions that organize educational and didactic activities consistent with the National
indicationsfor high schools and withGuidelinesfor technical institutes and professional
institutes, especially in view of the State Exams.

1. Reading skills and knowledge acquired in studies

The ability to understand texts written in English of different nature and with different
communicative purposes constitutes a transversal competence, given that all types of
questions will be formulated in English, even using symbolic language. The following
capabilities will also be subject to specific verification:
• understand abstract, uncommon or specialized vocabulary in real contexts;
• identify the phenomena of textual cohesion and coherence;
• extract and infer specific information from the text.
These skills will be verified starting from short texts of scientific essays or classic and
contemporary fiction, or from short current affairs texts published in newspapers and
generalist or specialized magazines.
Always starting from short texts of various types and themes, the skills acquired in
previous studies and the knowledge of general culture, including supranational ones
or topics subject to contemporary public debate, will be tested. In particular, the
questions will aim to ascertain:
• the ability to orient oneself in the space and time represented, or rather to
place relevant historical-cultural phenomena in space and time;
• knowledge of the main national and international institutions;
• the understanding of phenomena related to the juridical, economic and
citizenship fields.

2. Logical reasoning and problems

The questions are aimed at testing the ability to logically complete a reasoning, in a
manner consistent with the premises. These premises are stated in symbolic or verbal
form, and concern cases or problems, even of an abstract nature, whose solution requires
the adoption of different forms of logical reasoning.

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3. Biology
• The chemistry of living things.

• The biological importance of weak interactions.

• The organic molecules present in organisms and their respective functions. The role of
enzymes.
• The cell as the basis of life. cell theory. Cell dimensions. The prokaryotic and
eukaryotic, animal and plant cell. Viruses.
• The cell membrane: structure and functions; transport across the membrane.
Cellular structures and their specific functions.
• Cell cycle and cell reproduction: mitosis and meiosis - chromosome set and
chromosome maps.
• Reproduction and inheritance. Life cycles. Sexual and asexual reproduction.
• Mendelian genetics: Mendel's laws and their applications.
Classical genetics: chromosomal theory of inheritance - models of inheritance.
Molecular genetics: structure and duplication of DNA, the genetic code, protein
synthesis. The DNA of prokaryotes. The structure of the eukaryotic chromosome. Genes
and the regulation of gene expression.
Human genetics: transmission of mono- and polyfactorial characters;
autosomal and X-linked hereditary diseases.
• Mutations. Natural and artificial selection. Evolutionary theories. The genetic basis of
evolution. Inheritance and environment.
• Biotechnology: recombinant DNA technology and its applications.
• Anatomy and Physiology of animals and humans. Animal tissue. Anatomy and
physiology of human systems and apparatuses and related interactions. Homeostasis.
• Bioenergetics. The energy currency of cells: ATP. Redox reactions in
living things. Energy processes: photosynthesis, glycolysis, aerobic
respiration and fermentation.

4. Chemistry
• The constitution of matter: the states of aggregation of matter; heterogeneous systems
and homogeneous systems; compounds and elements.
• Ideal gas laws.
• The structure of the atom: elementary particles; atomic number and mass number,
isotopes, electronic structure of the atoms of the various elements.
• The periodic system of elements: groups and periods; transition elements.
Periodic properties of the elements: atomic radius, ionization potential, electron
affinity, metallic character. Relations between electronic structure, position in the
periodic system and properties of the elements.
• The chemical bond: ionic bond, covalent and metallic bond. Binding
energy. Polarity of bonds. Electronegativity. Intermolecular bonds.

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 • Fundamentals of inorganic chemistry: nomenclature and main properties of inorganic
compounds: oxides, hydroxides, acids, salts.
• Chemical reactions and stoichiometry: atomic and molecular mass, Avogadro's
number, the concept of mole and its application, elementary stoichiometric
calculations, balancing simple reactions, the different types of chemical reactions.
• Solutions: solvent properties of water, solubility, the main ways of
expressing the concentration of solutions.
• Equilibria in aqueous solution.
• Elements of chemical kinetics and catalysis.
• Oxidation and reduction: oxidation number, concept of oxidant and
reducing agent. Balancing simple reactions.
• Acids and bases: the concept of acid and base. Acidity, neutrality and basicity of
aqueous solutions. The pH. Hydrolysis. Buffer solutions.
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry: bonds between carbon atoms, crude and structural
formulas, the concept of isomerism. Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Functional groups: alcohols, ethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters,
amides. Nomenclature elements.

5. Mathematics
• Numerical sets and algebra: natural, integer, rational, real numbers. Sorting and
Comparison; order of magnitude and scientific notation. Operations and their
properties. Proportions and percentages. Powers with integer exponent, rational) e
their properties. Radicals and their properties. Logarithms (base 10 and base e)
and their properties. Elements of combinatorics. Algebraic expressions,
polynomials. Remarkable products, nth power of a binomial, factorization of
polynomials. Algebraic fractions. First and second degree algebraic equations and
inequalities. Systems of equations.
• Functions: fundamental notions on functions and their graphical representations
(domain, codomain, study of the sign, continuity, maxima and minima, increase and
decrease, etc.). Elementary functions: integer and fractional algebraic, exponential,
logarithmic, trigonometric. Composite functions and inverse functions. Trigonometric
equations and inequalities.
• Geometry: polygons and their properties. Circumference and circle. Measurements of
lengths, surfaces and volumes. Isometries, similarities and equivalences in the plane.
Geometric places. Angle measurement in degrees and radians. Sine, cosine, tangent
of an angle and their notable values. Trigonometric formulas. Resolution of triangles.
Cartesian reference system in the plane. Distance of two points and midpoint of a
segment. Equation of the line. Conditions of parallelism and perpendicularity. Distance
of a point from a straight line. Equation of the circumference, of the parabola, of the
hyperbola, of the ellipse and their representation in the Cartesian plane. Pythagorean
theorem. Euclid's theorems (first and second).

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 • Probability and statistics: frequency distributions according to the type of
character and main graphical representations. Notion of random experiment and
event. Probability and frequency.

6. Physics
• Physical quantities and their measurement: Fundamental and derived physical quantities.
Systems of units of measure: International and Technical. Multiples and submultiples.
Scientific notation. Main conversions between units of measurement of different systems.
Scalar quantities and vector quantities. Vectors and operations on vectors.
• Kinematics: Description of motion. Velocity and angular velocity, acceleration and
centripetal acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated motion,
uniform circular motion, harmonic motion.
• Dynamics: Concept of force as interaction between bodies. Forces as applied
vectors. The principle of inertia. Mass and the 2nd law of dynamics. Examples
of forces: weight force, elastic force, static and dynamic friction. Action and
reaction: the 3rd principle of dynamics. Impulse and momentum. Principle of
conservation of momentum. Moment of a force and angular momentum. Work
and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Principle of
conservation of mechanical energy. Power.
• Fluid mechanics: Density and compressibility of fluids. Gases and liquids.
Hydrostatics: pressure and principles of Pascal, Stevino and Archimedes. Dynamics
of liquids: one-dimensional motion, flow and flow rate, continuity equation. Ideal
fluids and Bernoulli equation. Viscous forces in real fluids.
• Thermodynamics: Equilibrium, concept of temperature, thermometers.
Concept of heat and calorimetry. Heat propagation mode. Thermal capacity
and specific heat. Changes of state and latent heats. Ideal gas laws. First
and second law of thermodynamics.
• Electricity and electromagnetism: Electric charges. Forces between charges and
Coulomb's law. Electric field and potential, equipotential surfaces. Dielectric
constant, capacitance, capacitors. Electrostatic energy. Series and parallel of
capacitors. Generators. Electric voltage. Electric current. Resistivity, resistance,
resistors. Ohm's law. Series and parallel of resistors. Kirchhoff's principles.
Work, Power, Joule Effect. Direct and alternating current. Period and frequency.
Magnetic field of an electric current. Forces on electric currents in magnetic
fields. electromagnetic induction.

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