BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014

BS EN 13146-1:2012

BSI Standards Publication

Railway applications — Track

— Test methods for fastening
systems
Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail
restraint
BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014. It supersedes BS EN 13146-1:2012 which
is withdrawn.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is
indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry
the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN
amendment A1 is indicated by .
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2014.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014
ISBN 978 0 580 82228 5
ICS 45.080
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
30 November 2014 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13146-1:2012+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2014

ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-1:2012

English Version

Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening

systems - Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint

Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für
systèmes de fixation - Partie 1: Détermination de la Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 1: Ermittlung des
résistance longitudinale au glissement Durchschubwiderstandes in Längsrichtung

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 25 September
2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations .......................................................................... 6
3.1 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 6
4 Principle ................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................. 7
5.1 Rail .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Actuator ................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3 Displacement measuring instruments ................................................................................................ 7
5.4 Force measuring instruments ............................................................................................................. 7
5.5 Verification of calibration ..................................................................................................................... 7
6 Test specimens ..................................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Rail support ........................................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Fastening ............................................................................................................................................... 8
7 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 8
7.1 Test temperature ................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2 Preparation for test ............................................................................................................................... 8
7.3 Loading .................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.3.1 Longitudinal rail restraint ..................................................................................................................... 9
7.3.2 Longitudinal stiffness ......................................................................................................................... 10
7.4 Calculation ........................................................................................................................................... 10
7.4.1 Longitudinal rail restraint ................................................................................................................... 10
7.4.2 Longitudinal stiffness ......................................................................................................................... 11
7.5 Visual inspection ................................................................................................................................. 11
8 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 11

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 BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee

CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2015.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.

This document supersedes !EN 13146-1:2012".

This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2014-09-25.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association.

In this European Standard, the test procedure has been adapted to be applicable to embedded rail as
well as surface mounted rail. For embedded rail with an adhesive fastening system the test result is
expressed as longitudinal stiffness.

This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146 "Railway applications — Track — Test
methods for fastening systems" which consists of the following parts:

— Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint;

— Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance;

— Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads;

— Part 4: Effect of repeated loading;

— Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance;

— Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions;

— Part 7: Determination of clamping force;

— Part 8: In service testing;

— Part 9: Determination of stiffness.

These support the requirements in the series EN 13481 "Railway applications — Track —
Performance requirements for fastening systems".

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

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EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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 BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

Introduction

For fastening systems that clamp the rail at discrete intervals the test procedure measures the
longitudinal rail restraint. For an embedded rail with an adhesive fastening system the test procedure
measures the longitudinal stiffness.

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BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a laboratory test procedure to determine:

a) the maximum longitudinal force that can be applied to a rail, secured to a sleeper, bearer or
element of slab track by a rail fastening assembly, without non-elastic displacement of the rail
occurring, or

b) the longitudinal stiffness at a specified longitudinal displacement of a specimen of embedded rail

with an adhesive fastening system.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 13146-9, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems — Part 9:
Determination of stiffness

EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems -

Part 1: Definitions

EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
(ISO 7500-1:2004)

EN ISO 9513:2002, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing

(ISO 9513:1999)

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 apply.

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.

D1 maximum longitudinal displacement of rail during each cycle of loading, in mm;

D2 residual longitudinal displacement of rail after removal of load, in mm;
D3 elastic longitudinal displacement of rail prior to slip, in mm;
Dr maximum longitudinal displacement of embedded rail with adhesive fastening system, in mm;
F maximum axial load on the rail without non-elastic displacement occurring, in kN;
Fmax axial load at which gross slip occurs, in kN;
kL longitudinal stiffness of embedded rail with adhesive fastening system, in kN/mm per m;
LT sample length of embedded rail, in m.

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EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

4 Principle

A longitudinal load is applied by pulling a rail fixed to a sleeper, bearer or element of slab track by one
or two rail fastening assemblies or by an embedded rail fastening system whilst the support is
restrained. Movement of the rail relative to the support is recorded and the load removed when the rail
slips or the specified longitudinal displacement occurs.

Longitudinal rail restraint or longitudinal stiffness are obtained from a plot of load versus displacement.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Rail

!A short length of rail of the section for which the fastening system under test has been designed.
The rail shall be unlaminated and neither have loose rust on the surface nor be polished on the foot
by repeated testing.

For surface mounted rail, the length of rail used for testing shall be approximately 0,5 m.

For embedded rail, the rail is part of the test specimen and its length is specified in 6.1."

5.2 Actuator

Actuator capable of applying a tensile force of at least 40 kN to the longitudinal axis of the rail as
shown in Figure 1.

5.3 Displacement measuring instruments

Instruments conforming to EN ISO 9513:2002, Table 2, Class 2. The instruments shall be capable of
measuring the longitudinal displacement of the rail, relative to the rail support with an accuracy of
± 0,02 mm. Non-contact instruments may be used providing a procedure for verifying their calibration
is used and recorded.

NOTE Non-contact instruments are outside the scope of EN ISO 9513.

5.4 Force measuring instruments

Instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2004, class 1 over the required range of force.

5.5 Verification of calibration

The calibration of actuators and measuring instruments shall be verified using equipment having
certified traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units
(SI).

6 Test specimens

6.1 Rail support

A sleeper, half sleeper, bearer or element of slab track, incorporating embedded rail where
appropriate, complete with cast-in fastening components or holes, and rail seats, as made without
modification for this test.

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BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

For fastening systems incorporating continuous support of surface mounted rail, the test shall be
performed using a length of pad equal in length to the design spacing of the fastening along the rail.
The piece of rail used for the test shall be at least as long as the piece of pad.

For surface mounted fastening systems which have low frequency dynamic stiffness ≤ 50 MN/m,
when tested in accordance with EN 13146-9, it may be necessary to carry out the test over two rail
seats to provide greater stability.

!For mechanically fastened embedded rail, the length of rail shall be the typical spacing of
fastenings.

For adhesively fastened embedded rail, the length of the rail shall be 0,5 m to 0,85 m."

6.2 Fastening

The complete fastening assembly includes all components and baseplate, where appropriate.

7 Procedure

7.1 Test temperature

The test shall be carried out in a room or enclosure maintained at (23 ± 5) °C. All components used in
the test shall be kept at this temperature for no less than 4 h prior to the commencement of the test.

7.2 Preparation for test

If not already in place, fix the short length of rail to one or two rail seats as necessary using the
fastening components as assembled in track. Place the rail support on a rigid base and restrict any
movement parallel to the rail as shown in Figure 1.

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 BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

Key
1 rail as described in 5.1
2 fastening assembly including rail pad
3 load-displacement measuring and recording instruments
4 rail support as described in 6.1
5 rigid support and restraint to prevent rotation of the rail support
NOTE For fastenings which hold the rail foot, the force application should be at the rail foot and for
fastenings which hold the rail web the force should be applied at the rail centroid.

Figure 1 — Test arrangement

7.3 Loading

7.3.1 Longitudinal rail restraint

Apply a tensile load at a constant rate of (10 ± 5) kN/min to one end of the rail. From the start of this
loading cycle, automatically measure the load and longitudinal displacement of the rail relative to the
sleeper.

When the rail slips in the fastening assembly or if the load is more than four times the performance
requirement, rapidly reduce the load to zero and continue measuring the rail displacement for two
minutes. Without removing or adjusting the fastening assembly in any way repeat the above cycle a
further three times with three minute intervals in the unloaded condition between each cycle. Plot the
applied load against rail displacement for each cycle as shown in Figure 2. If the rail displacement is
jerky, plot a median, smooth curve.

If D2 ≤ 0,5 mm and the force does not exceed four times the performance requirement, the loading
cycle is invalid and shall be repeated.

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BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

If data is required for track-structure interaction calculations such as those for long bridges, the load
should be applied for a fifth time, but on this occasion the load should be increased until there is gross
slip of the rail through the fastening system. Then plot a curve of applied load against rail
displacement and record the maximum load applied, Fmax (kN). This procedure is not applicable to
embedded rails.

Key
1 longitudinal force (kN)
2 displacement (mm)

Figure 2 — Load-displacement diagram for one loading cycle

7.3.2 Longitudinal stiffness

For embedded rails with an adhesive fastening system, follow the loading and measuring procedure
in 7.3.1 and continue until D3 reaches the required value. Then rapidly reduce the load to zero and
continue measuring the rail displacement for two minutes. Repeat the loading a further three times
with three minute intervals in the unloaded condition between each cycle.

7.4 Calculation

7.4.1 Longitudinal rail restraint

From each load displacement diagram determine D1 and D2. Then calculate D3 from Equation (1).

D3 = D 1 – D 2 (1)

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 BS EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)
EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014 (E)

From each curve determine the value of F as the force required to produce an initial elastic
displacement of D3. Discard the first value of F and from the remaining three values calculate the
mean and report as the longitudinal rail restraint in kN. If D3 ≤ 0,5 mm take the value of F for a
displacement of 0,5 mm.

If the loading cycles are stopped when the force is greater than or equal to four times the specified
value, F is the maximum value tested.

7.4.2 Longitudinal stiffness

For embedded rail with an adhesive fastening system, calculate the longitudinal stiffness for each
cycle from Equation (2).

1
F
D
kL = r kN/mm per m embedded length (2)
LT

Then calculate the mean longitudinal stiffness.

7.5 Visual inspection

The test specimen shall be inspected before and after testing and any changes recorded.

8 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) number, name and date of issue of this European Standard;

b) name and address of laboratory performing the test;

c) date test performed;

d) name, designation and description of fastening assembly, including individual components, and
sleeper, bearer or element of slab track tested;

e) origin of test specimens;

f) rail section used in test;

g) mean longitudinal rail restraint or mean longitudinal stiffness;

h) mean axial load at which gross slip occurs;

i) curve of load against displacement;

j) changes observed by visual inspection.

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