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 introduced in 1982. By the year 2000, it is estimated that
PYRAMID IAS ACADEMY there were over 4 million AutoCAD users worldwide.
KARAIKUDI What this means to you is that many employers
are in need of AutoCAD operators. In addition,
Syllabus learning AutoCAD will give you the basics for learning
Surveyor (Subject code: 387) other CAD packages because many commands, terms
and concepts are used universally.
Unit-9: CADD In general, a Computer Aided Design (CAD)
9.1. Introduction to cad: package has three components:
Explain the term CAD – Explain the use of CAD a) Design,
9.2. Draw tool bar: b) Analysis,
Explain draw commands in CAD – Explain the method c)Visualization,
of drawing geometrical shapes in CAD
9.3. Layers:
Explain the dimensioning method in CAD – Explain the
use of object snap in CAD
9.4. Modifying tool bar:
List out various modifying tools in CAD – Explain the
uses of modifying tools in CAD
9.5. Printing CAD drawing:
Explain the steps involved in plotting in CAD

STUDY MATERIAL

9.1. INTRODUTION TO CAD

CAD (computer-aided design) is the use of
computer-based software to aid in design processes.
CAD software is frequently used by different types of
engineers and designers. CAD software can be used to
create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-
dimensional (3-D) models.
The purpose of CAD is to optimize and
streamline the designer's workflow, increase
productivity, improve the quality and level of detail in
the design, improve documentation communications
and often contribute toward a manufacturing design
database. CAD software outputs come in the form of
electronic files, which are then used accordingly for
manufacturing processes.

Why should you use CAD?

Traditional drafting is repetitious and can be
inaccurate. It may be faster to create a simple "rough"
sketch by hand but larger more complex drawings with
repetitive operations are drawn more efficiently using
9.2. DRAW TOOL BAR:
CAD.
Title bar: This shows the name of drawing which is
Why use AutoCAD?
currently used.
AutoCAD is a computer aided design software
Menu bar: This menu bar helps us quicker way to
developed by Autodesk Inc. AutoCAD was first
access the general controls and setting for AutoCAD.
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The main commands and functions are available in F10 Toggles between polar tracking on and off.
this menu bar it has the following facilities. F11 Toggles between objects snap tracking on
1 It gives a command that requires key board or and off.
drawing input. F12 Save as.
2 It displays additional menus choice with > symbol, in You can disable the group selection quickly by pressing
this menu called cascading menus. FUNCTION KEYS (Ctrl + Key) combination to quickly
3 It displays a dialogue box that contains settings which toggle some of the modes and invoke some of the
have changing options. commands. Function keys used in Auto CAD.

Standard tool bar: This tool bar contains the standard KEY STROKES FUNCTION DEFINED
functions of commands which is used for getting Ctrl+Z Undo
information's and modifications. Ctrl+C Copy clip
Properties tool bar: This tool bar has the properties of Ctrl+E Oso plane top/right /left
the entity such as thickness of line, colour, layer type of Ctrl+G Grid on/off
line etc. We can change the properties of the entity by Ctrl+L Ortho on/off
using this tool bar. Ctrl+O OPEN command
Draw tool bar: This tool bar contains the group of
Ctrl+S QSAVE command
drawing commands such as line, arc, circle etc.
Ctrl+U Polar tracking on/off
Modify tool bar: This tool bars are used to do the
Ctrl+W Object snap tracking on/off
modifications in the entities such as erase, trim etc.
Ctrl+Y Redo
Draw area: This is a black space to draw the drawings.
Ctrl+2 ADCENTER command
This area has formed as grids, we can increase or
Ctrl+F6 Switch between open drawings
decrease the area by using boundary limit command.
Ctrl+B Snap on/off
UCS: UCS (user coordinate system is an indication to
Ctrl+D Coordinate display on/off
the use of for which plane the drawing is drawn. We
can change any plane according to our wish to draw the Ctrl+F Osnap setting dialog box
drawing in views. Ctrl+K HYPERLINK command
Command prompt window: This window is used to Ctrl+N NEW command
give commands by typing in key board. Ctrl+P PRINT command
Cross hair: This is the pointer used to draw, select and Ctrl+T Tablet on/off
to locate. Ctrl+V Paste
Layout tabs: These tabs are used to select the particular Ctrl+X Delete
lay out of the drawing. Ctrl+1 Object properties window on/off
Function tabs: Below the command prompt window Ctrl+6 DBCONNECT command
drawing function tabes are available. These tabs show Ctrl + Tab Switch between open Drawings.
us the position of grid, other, o snap etc. The functional The functionality of these Ctrl + Key combination
keys are used for effective function of the drawing. depends on the settings done on the User Preferences
tab on the option dialog box.
KEY FUNCTION DEFINED
F1 Online help.
F2 Toggles between command window on and
off.
F3 Toggles between OSNAP on and off.
F4 Toggles between Tablet on and off.
F5 Switches among isophanes top, right and left.
F6 Toggles between coordinates on and off.
F7 Toggles between grid on and off.
F8 Toggles between ortho mode on and off.
F9 Toggles between snap mode on and off.

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 9.3 AUTOCAD LAYERS
The layer command is used to control and
manage the drawings in AutoCAD for different
purposes. It increases the display performance of the
AutoCAD by hiding the portion of our drawing when
needed. It also improves the visual complexity of the
drawing. We are required to create a set of layers
having different properties. For example, in a floor plan
or house plan, we can create separate layers for doors,
walls, etc. We can create many layers by specifying the
name for the corresponding layer. We can also control
the order of the layers.
The shortcut command of the layer is 'LA'.
The Layer on the ribbon panel looks like the below
image:

AutoCAD Layers
Let's discuss the layer properties in detail.
Layer ON/OFF
It is used to turn ON or turn OFF the layer of the
selected object.
The layer is represented as:

AutoCAD Layers
The shortcut command for the Layer ON and Layer
OFF is LayON and LayOFF.
The other icons are listed below:

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 9.4. MODIFYING TOOL BAR

CIRCLES ARC COMMAND

Circle command
1 Choose Draw, circle. 1 Choose Draw, arc.
(or) (or)
2 Click the Circle icon. 2 Click the Arc icon.
(or) (or)
3 Type Circle at the 3 Type Arc at the
command command
prompt. prompt command: ARC
4 Type One of the following 4 Draw One of the arcs.
options:
3P/2P/TTR/<<center
point>>: ARC EXAMPLES
(or) 3-point arc
5 Pick A center point Start, center, chord
6 Type A radius or length
diameter. Start, center, end
(or) Start, end, radius
7 Pick A radius or diameter Start, center, included
Previous Layer Diameter/<<radius>>: angle
It is used to undo the set of changes made to the Start, end direction
settings of layers.
Current Layer
It sets the selected layer as the current layer in a ELLIPSE POLYGON
drawing. The properties of the selected objects are Creates an ellipse or 1 Choose Draw, polygon.
changed to the current layer. an elliptical arc: (or)
Copy To Layer 1 Choose Draw, 2 Click The polygon icon.
It is used to copy one or more objects to the Ellipse. (or)
other layer. (or) 3 Type Polygon at the command
Walk Layer 2 Choose The ellipse prompt.
The Walk Layer command is used to display or partial ellipse 4 Type The number of sides for
the object of the selected layer while hiding the objects icon the
of the other layer. (or) polygon (3-1024).
VPI LAYER 3 Type Ellipse at the 5 Pick The center of the polygon.
The layers in all layout viewport are freezes, command prompt Edge/
except the current layer. Command: ellipse <Center of polygon>: pick.
Merge Layer 4 Type One of the (or)
It removes the previous layers from the following options: 6 Type E to define the polygon
drawing and merges the selected layers into the target Arc/Center/Is by two
layer. circle/<Axis edges.
Delete Layer endpoint1>: (or)
It is used to delete the selected layer from the 7 Type I or C to place the
layer settings or the list of layers. It also removes all the polygon in
objects on that layer. side or outside of an imaginary
circle. Inscribed in circle/
circum
scribed about circle (I/C)

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Com Keystro displacement: (Pick displacement /multiple:
Location Result
mand key point) (pick point).
Draws a rectangle 6 Pick A point to move to 6 Pick A point to copy to.
RECTA
Recta Home>Dra after you enter one second point of Second point of
NGLE/
ngle w>Rectangle corner and then the displacement: (pick displacement: (Pick
REC
second. point) point)
TRIM/T Home>Modi Trims objects to a (or)
Trim
R fy>Trim selected cutting edge.
7 Type A point to copy
Extends objects to a
Exten EXTEN Home>Modi to.
selected boundary
d D/EX fy>Extend Second point of
edge.
displacement: @1<0
Objec Tools>Objec
OSNAP Brings up the OSNAP
t t Snap
/OS/F3 dialog box. OFFSET DISTANCE ROTATE
snaps Settings
Move/ Home>Modi Moves an object or
To offset a specified 1 Choose Modify,
Move distance: rotate
M fy>Move objects.
1 Choose Modify, Offset. (or)
Offsets an object (or) 2 Click The modify
Offse OFFSET Home>Modi
(parallel) by a set 2 Choose The offset icon. icon.
t /Off fy>Offset
distance. (or) (or)
Copy/C Home>Modi Copies object(s) once 3 Type OFFSET at the 3 Type Rotate at the
Copy
P fy>Copy or multiple times. command prompt. command prompt
Stretches an object Command: OFFSET or O Command: Rotate
Stretc Stretch/ Home>Modi 4 Type The distance to 4 Pick Objects to rotate:
after you have
h S fy>Stretch offset. Offset distance Select objects: (select)
selected a portion of it.
or 5 Pick A pivot point to
Creates a mirror
Mirro Mirror/ Home>Modi <Through point>: rotate around Base
image of an object or
r MI fy>Mirror (number) point: (point)
selection set. 5 Pick The object to offset. 6 Type A rotation
Rotat Rotate/ Home>Modi Rotates objects to a Select object to offset: angle<Rotation
e RO fy>Rotate certain angle. (select object) angle>/Reference:
Creates a round 6 Pick A side to offset (number)
Home>Modi
Fillet Fillet/F corner between two object to. Side to offset: (or)
fy>Fillet (pick side) 7 Pick A rotation
lines.
Creates an angled
7 Pick Another object to angle<Rotation
Cha Chamfer Home>Modi offset Select object to angle>/Reference:
corner between two
mfer /CHA fy>Chamfer offset: (Pick side) (point)
lines
(or)
Creates a repeating 8 Press Enter to end the
Array/A Home>Modi
Array pattern of the selected command. Offsetting
R fy>Array
objects. objects by specifying a
distance
MOVE COMMAND COPY COMMAND
1 Choose Modify, Move. 1 Choose Modify, copy. TRIM FILLET
Or (or) The trim command allows 1 Choose Modify,
2 Click the Move icon 2 Click The copy icon you to trim objects in a fillet.
Or (or) drawing so, they end (or)
3 Type Move at the 3 Type Copy at the precisely at a cutting edge 2 Click The fillet icon.
command prompt command prompt. defined by one or more (or)
command: MOVE or M 4 Pick Objects to copy. other objects in the 3 Type FILLET at the
4 Pick Objects to move Select objects: (select) drawing. command prompt.
select objects (select) 5 Pick A point to move 1 Choose Modify, trim Command: FILLET
5 Pick A point to move from. Base point or (or) 4 Pick First object to
from base point of 2 Click The trim icon. fillet.
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 (or) Polyline/radius/trim edge/ undo:
3 Type Trim at the < Select two objects>: Select an object,
command prompt Select first object. enter
an option, or
Command: trim Select 5 Pick Second object to
press enter:
cutting edge (s) fillet. Select second (select)
4 Pick The cutting edge to object: select second 7 Press ENTER
extend to Select objects: object. when you are
(select) (or) done choosing
5 Press Enter to accept the 6 Type One of the objects.
cutting edge following options’
Select objects: (press enter) Fillets an entire BREAK MIRROR COMMAND
6 Pick Objects to trim Polyline R Sets the 1 Choose Modify, break. 1 Choose Modify, mirror.
<Select object to fillet radius. (or) (or)
trim>/Project/Edge/Undo T Sets the trim mode 2 Click The break icon. 2 Click The mirror icon
: Select an object, enter an (trim cuts the fillet (or) (or)
option, press corner and no trim 3 Type BREAK at the 3 Type MIRROR at the
enter keep the fillet corner). command prompt. command prompt.
7 Press ENTER when you Command: BREAK Command: MIRROR
are done choosing 4 Pick Object to break. 4 Pick Objects to mirror.
Objects Select object to Select object: (select one Select objects: (Select)
trim/Undo: (press enter) object) 5 Pick First point of
5 Pick A second break mirror line: (point)
CHAMFER EXTEND point. Enter second 6 Pick Second point:
1 Choose Modify, point: (point) (Point)
1 Choose Modify, chamfer.
(or) extend, 6 Type F to choose a 7 Type Yes to delete the
2 Click The chamfer icon. (or) different break point original objects and
2 Click The Enter second point (or F No to keep them.
(or)
extend icon. for first point): (F) Delete old objects? Y or
3 Type CHAMFER at the (or)
command 7 Pick The first break N
3 Type EXTEND
prompt. point on the object Enter
at the command
Command: Chamfer prompt first point: (point)
4 Pick First object to chamfer. command: 8 Pick A second break
Polyline/distance/angle/trim/ EXTEND point
Select boundary
method<Select first line>: select
edge (s)... ARRAY
first object. 4 Pick the
5 Pick Second object to chamfer. 1 Choose Modify, array.
BOUNDARY
Select second object: select edge to extend to (or)
second object. select objects: 2 Click The array icon.
(or) (select) Or
6 Type One of the following 5 Press ENTR to 3 Type ARRAY at the command prompt. Command:
accept the ARRAY objects to array. Select
options:
boundary edge 4 Pick Objects to array. Select Objects: (select)
P Chamfers entire Polyline. select objects:
D Sets chamfer distances. 5 Type The number of rows top to bottom. Number
(press enter)
A Uses a distance and angle 6 Pick The object of rows (----) <1>: (number)
method instead of two to extend 6 Type The number of columns left to right. Number
distances. <Select object to of columns (III) <1>: (number)
extend> / 7 Type The unit cell distance between items in each
T Sets the trim mode
Project/ row. Distance between rows: (+number=up, number
M Sets the method to distance
or angle. = down)

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 8 Type The unit cell distance between items in each
column.

PLINE OPTIONS
Arc: Toggles to arc mode and you receive the following:
Angle/Center/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Rad
ius/ Second Pt/Undo/Width/<enter of arc>: Close:
Closes a polyline as it does in the line command.
Halfwidth: Specifies the halfwidth of the next polyline
segments. Can be tapered.
DRAWING MULTIPLE PARALLEL LINES
Length: Specifies the length to be added to the polyline
CADD allows you draw parallel lines
in the current direction.
simultaneously just by indicating a starting point and
an end point. These lines can be used to draw Undo: Undoes the previous pline segment as with the
something with heavy lines or double lines. For line command.
example, they can be used to draw the walls of a Width: Specifies the width of the next polyline
building plan, roads of a site map, or for any other segments. Can be tapered. Polyline with arcs Polyline
presentation that requires parallel lines. with width 125 Tapered width polyling Tapered width
arc polyline.
ADDING HATCH PATTERNS TO DRAWINGS
The look of CAD drawings can be enhanced
SPLINE OPTIONS
with the hatch patterns available in CAD. The patterns
Object: Convers 2D or 3D spline-fit polylines to
can be used to emphasize portions of the drawing and
equivalent splines
to represent various materials, finishes, and spaces.
Points: Points that defines the spline
Several ready-made patterns are available in CAD that
Close: Closes a spline
can be instantly added to drawings.
Fit Tolerance: Allows you to set a tolerance value that
Hatch patterns are quite easy to draw. You
creates a smooth spline.
don't need to draw each element of a pattern one by
one. You just need to specify an area where the pattern
MLINE COMMAND
is to be drawn by selecting all the drawing objects that
1 Choose Draw, multiline.
surround the area. The selected objects must enclose the
(or)
area completely, like a closed polygon. When the area
2 Type MLINE at the command prompt Command:
is enclosed, a list of available patterns is displayed.
MLINE
Select a pattern, and the specified area is filled.
3 Pick A point to start the multiline.
Justification/Scale/Style/<From point>:
pick point
4 Pick A second point to continue the multiline. <To
point>: Pick point
5 Pick The next point to continue drawing Multiline.
Undo/<To point>: pick point
6 Press ENTER to end the multiline Close/Undo/<To
point>: press enter
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 (or) Initially the Plot model will only show a few of the
7 Type C to close the multiline back to the first point. options. In the bottom right corner, click the More
Close/Undo/<To point:C Options button to show the full properties.
Additional tools can be found in the Plot
HATCHING FROM THE DESIGN CENTER options section and include:
1 Choose: A cross hatch pattern from the following Plot in background, with this option un-ticked, the plot
AutoCAD directly\AutoCAD\Support\acad.pat or progress will display when you click OK. If this is
\AutoCAD\Backup ticked the progress will be hidden and you will be able
to continue working in AutoCAD.

9.5 PRINTING CAD DRAWING:

Once your page setup has been created, you are ready
to print your drawings.
From the Ribbon Output tab > Plot panel, click the Plot The expanded dialog box will show.
button.
Command line: To start the Plot tool from the
command line, type “PLOT” and press [Enter].
From the Page Setup list, select your newly created
page setup and click OK to plot using the selected
settings.
From the Page Setup list, select your newly created
page setup and click OK to plot using the selected
settings.

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
There are some additional settings in the Plot dialog
box that aren’t available in the Page Setup dialog box.

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 compressed and designed for exchanging images on
Plot stamp on will place a plot stamp on the drawing. the web. This is also not recommended for issuing
Ticking this option will show a button to configure the drawings or using within a printing system that
plot stamp. requires CMYK colours.
2018 TNPSC AE Exam TOPPERS

Clicking the button will show the Plot Stamp dialog

where you can choose information, including Date and
Time, Drawing name and Plot scale, to be printed on Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3
Ranjithkumar. Gavinkumar.V Velayutham.M
the drawing. M 16KB163 16KH105
Save changes to layout If changes are made to the 16KF130
layout such as changing the printer, the changes will be
saved to the Page Setup.

PRINT FORMATS
During the process of a construction project,
you will need to print hard-copy drawings, whether for
planning consent, issuing drawings to other members
Rank 4 Rank 5 Karthick.V
of the design team, or when requesting information. S. Om Prakash Naveen Prabhu.M 17KE171
17KB75 16KD83
More commonly drawings are issued as digital copies
via e-mail or a web portal. Issuing the Drawing file as
an editable format is not recommended because the file
can be modified by the recipient and, when printed,
may not display as intended.
By default, AutoCAD includes printers for four non-
editable formats:
Venod Kumar. Sabarish. S Paramasivan.M
DWF6 plot creates an Autodesk Drawing Web 16kd45
A.R 17KA146
Format (.DWF) file. This is a vector format developed 17KC192
by Autodesk to print non-editable files in a lightweight
format. A free viewer from Autodesk can be used to
view these files. The free viewer is installed by default
when installing AutoCAD.
DWG to PDF creates an Adobe Portable
Document Format (.PDF). This is an extremely common
format used by most industries to issue non-editable
Raja swedha.G Kirubakaran.A Gokulnath.K
files. A free viewer from Adobe can be used to view 17KB171 17KA19 17KA70
these files and is pre-installed on many PCs and
laptops.
Publish To Web JPG will create a JPG image
file. The file is a raster format which, when zooming in,
will degrade in quality. This format is not
recommended for issuing drawings but can be useful
for adding images to reports.
ARAVIND J.SARANYA Rajamanikam.S
Publish To Web PNG will create a PNG image 17KB144 17KA91 16KH137
file. Similar to JPG, PNG is a raster format but is un-

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