juk; 12>13

rfyjtizfSf;FkhdJ
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW

K.Nadarajah, SLTS-I
Tamil Trd,BA,PGDE,MA,PGDSNE,MED
N/Cambridge collage,
Kotagala.
• rq;ffhyk; (fp.gp 1-3 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyk;)

• rq;fkUtpa fhyk; (fp.gp 3-6 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjp tiuahd fhyk;)

• gy;ytu; fhyk; (fp.gp 6 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjp Kjy; 9Mk; Ew;whz;bd; ,Wjp tiuahd
fhyk;)

• Nrhoh;fhyk; (fp.gp 9-14 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyk;)

• tp[aefu ehaf;fu; fhyk; (fp.gp 14-17 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyk;)

• INuhg;gpau; fhyk; (fp.gp 18-19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfisf; nfhz;l fhyk;)

• ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L (fp.gp 19 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ,Ue;J jw;fhyk; tiu)

 ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; $h;ikahf kdq;nfhs;sNtz;ba tplaq;fs; gpd;tUtd.
 xt;nthU fhyj;jpw;Fkhd gpd;dzp.
 Fwpg;gpl;lfhyg;gFjpapDila murpay;>r%f>nghUshjhu>fiy>fyhrhu>
gz;ghl;Lf;$Wfis njspthf mwpe;jpUj;jy;.
 mf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; vOe;j E}y;fs; mit vOe;j gpd;dzpia mwpjy;.
 fhyf;fl;l E}y;fis nghUs;>tbt mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.
 tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,yf;fp;aq;fspd; nghJgz;Gfis mwpjy;.
 NkYk; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; gz;Gfis nghUs; mbg;gil>nra;As; mbg;gil>nkhopkuG mbg;gilapy;
tifg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;jy;.
 fhyf;fl;l hPjpahf cs;s xw;Wik Ntw;Wikfis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;sy;.
 tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; Kidg;G ngw;Ws;s ,yf;fpaq;fisAk;> ,yf;fpa fh;j;jhf;fisAk; gw;wp fw;Wf;
nfhs;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
rq;ffhyk;
• rq;ffhy murpay;>r%f>nghUshjhu epiyikfis RUf;fkhf Fwpg;gpl;L
mit ,f;fhy ,yf;fpa tsh;rr; p> nghUs; kuGf;F vt;thW toptFj;jJ
vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
• ,f;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyikfis tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lf.
• rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
• ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd;
Kf;fpagz;Gfisj;jUf.(mfj;jpiz>Gwj;jpiz>jzpj;Jt)
• rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd; nghUs;kuig vLj;Jf;fhl;b
tpsf;Ff(mfk;>Gwk;)
• rq;fq;fs; njhlh;ghd Kf;fpa nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J jUf.
• “,f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis mfk;>Gwk; vdNtWgLj;jp Nehf;fyhk;”
,jw;fhd mbg;gilfisj; jUf.
• ,f;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mjd; gpujhd
gz;GfSk; vit?
 Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpaq;fspd; mikg;ig tpsf;fp rq;f fhyj;jpy; mJngw;w tsh;rr
; papid
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 VjhtJ xU E}iyf; Fwpg;gpl;L tpsf;Fk;gb Nfl;fyhk;. (,f;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j E}y;fs;
gw;wpa jfty;fisj; njhFj;J mwpjy; mtrpak;)
 cs;Siw ctkk;> ,iwr;rpg;nghUs; gw;wp RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
 Kjy;nghUs;>fUg;nghUs;>chpg;nghUs; vd;gdgw;wp RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
 Gwj;jpiz ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kd;dh;fSf;F ey;ywpT+l;l Gyth;fs; Kad;wthw;wpid
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 “,f;fhyk; xU ,aw;if newpf;fhyk;” vd;gij nka;g;gpf;Ff.
 ,f;fhy murh;fs;>Gyth;fs;>nja;tq;fs;>gw;wpa nra;jpfisj; njhfj;Jj; jUf.
 rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ghj;jpuq;fs; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij kjpg;gpLf.
 rq;fkUtpafhyk;
 rq;fkUtpafhyj;ij tiuaiw nra;J ,f;fhy murpay;>r%f>nghUshjhu
epiyikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 rq;fkUtpa fhyj;jpy; mwg;Nghjidfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd
fhuzq;fisj;jUf.
 ,f;fhy rka epiyf;Fwpj;J tpsf;fk; jUf.
 rq;fkUtpa fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis mtw;wpd; nghUsbg;gilapy;
tifg;gLj;Jf.
 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfis vLj;Jf;fhl;b tpsf;Ff.
 jpUf;Fws; vOe;j fhyg;gpd;dzpia tpsf;fp mjd; mikg;ig
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 fhg;gpak; vd;why; vd;d vd;gij $wp fhg;gpaq;fspd; njhlf;ffhykhf
rq;fkUtpa fhyj;ij $wyhkh? vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
 gjpndz;Nkw;fzf;Fgjpndz;fPof
; ;fzf;F E}y;fSf;fpilNaahd
NtWghLfisj; jUf.
 rq;fkUtpa fhyj;jpy; vOe;j mfj;jpiz ,yf;fpaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L
mtw;wpd; gz;Gfisj; jUf.
 rq;ffhyrq;fkUtpafhy ,yf;fpa gz;Gfsf;fpilNaahd xw;Wik
Ntw;Wikfisj; jUf.
 ,f;fhy fhg;gpaq;fs; Fwpj;J RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
 rq;fkUtpafhyfhg;gpaq;fSf;Fk; Nrhoh;fhyfhg;gpaq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd
NtWghLfisj; jUf.
 rq;fkUtpa fhyj;ij ,Uz;lfhyk; vdf;$WtJ nghUe;JNkh vd Muha;f.
 “jkpo;,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Njhw;Wthahf tpsq;FtJ
rq;fkUtpa fhykhFk;” ,f;$w;iw epahag;gLj;Jf.
 fhiuf;fhyk;ikahu; nkhopf;Fk;>gf;jpf;Fk; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;ig vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
gy;ytu;fhyk;
 gy;ytu;fhyj;ij
tiuaiw nra;J ,f;fhy murpay;>r%f>nghUshjhu
epiyikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fis tifg;gLj;jpf;fhl;Lf.
 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfisj;jUf.
 gy;ytu;
fhyk; gf;jp ,yf;fpafhyk; vd miof;fg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;
vit vd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 rq;ffhy iff;fpis>ngUe;jpiz kuGfs; gy;ytu;fhyj;jpy;
gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sthw;iw tpsf;Ff.
 “rq;ffhy mfj;jpiz ,yf;fpaj;jpd; nry;thf;fpid gy;ytu; fhyj;jpYk;
fhzyhk;” ,f;$w;wpd; nghUj;jg;ghl;bid Muha;f.
 gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j gf;jprhuh ,yf;fpaq;fs; gw;wp fUj;Jiu toq;Ff.
 jkpo; ,yf;fpa cyfpy; Mz;lhs; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?
 jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rpapy; khzpf;fthrfhpd; gq;fspg;G vj;jifaJ?
 jkpo;,yf;fpa tsh;rr
; papy; Mo;thh;fspdJk; ehad;khh;fspdJk; jkpo; gzpg;gw;wp
tpsf;fpf;$Wf.
 rq;fkUtpafhy gy;ytu; fhy ,yf;fpaq;fSf;fpilapyhd NtWghLfisj; jUf.
 gy;ytu;
fhyj;jpy; gf;jp ,af;fj;ij tsh;g;gjw;F Mo;thu;Sk; ehad;khh;fSk;
ifnfhz;l topKiwfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 “rq;fkUtpafhyj;jpy; Cw;nwLj;j gf;jp MW gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; ngUf;nfLj;j
XbaJ” tpsf;Ff
 “rq;fkUtpa fhyj;jpy; fhiuf;fhsk;ikahuhy; Vw;wp itj;j gf;jp jPgk; gy;ytu;
fhyj;jpy; Rlh;tpl;L gpufhrpj;jJ” tpsf;Ff.
Nrhou;fhyk;
➢ Nrhoh;fhy murpay;>nghUshjhu>rka>r%f epiyikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
➢ Nrhou;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; vit?
(vy;yh ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; tifg;gLj;jp tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.mtw;wpw;Fwpa gz;GfisAk;
,dq;fz;L nfhs;tJ kpf ey;yJ gad;jUk;)
➢ Nrhou;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfisj; jUf.
➢ “Nrhou; ngUkd;du; fhy r%f>murpay; tsh;r;rp ,f;fhy ,yf;fpa tsh;rr
; pf;Fk;
toptFj;jJ.”tpsf;Ff
➢ ,f;fhy fhtpakuG gpw;gl;lfhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gpujpgypf;Fkhw;iw RUf;fkhf vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
➢ Nrhou;fhyk; fhtpafhyk; vdf;$WtJ nghUe;JNkhntd Muha;f.
➢ ,f;fhy rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; mikg;Gfis RUf;fkhf
tpsq;fg;gLj;Jf.
(guzp> cyh> J}J> gps;isj;jkpo;> Nfhit Nghd;wit)
 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpa fh;j;jhf;fspd; ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.(xl;lf;$j;jh;>jpUj;jf;fj;Njth;>ek;gpahz;lhh;ek;gp>nraq;nfhz;lhh;>fk;gh;)

“gy;yth;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; njhlh;rr

; pahfTk; tsh;rr
; pahfTk; Nrhou;fhyk; mike;jJ” ,f;$w;iw ePh;
Vw;gPuh? jf;f rhdWfs; $wp tpsf;Ff.

 “Nrhou;fhyj;jpy; gy;Jiwrhh; ,yf;fpaq;fs; tsh;rpaile;jJ” tpsf;Ff.

 gy;ytu;fhy gf;jp ,yf;fpa kuG Nrhoh;fhy rpw;wpyf;fpa tsh;rr

; pf;F vt;thW topfhl;baJ vd;gij
tpsf;fpf;$Wf.

 gy;ytu;fhy gf;jp ,yf;fpa kuG Nrhoh;fhy fhg;gpaq;fspy; nry;thf;F nrYj;jpathw;iw kjpg;gpLf.

 Nrhoh;fhyk;“xUnghw;fhyk;>NguuRfhyk;>fhtpafhyk;>rpw;wpyf;fpafhyk;>rhk;uhI;ak;>jdpj;jkpo;
kd;dh;fhyk;>rf;futh;j;jpfs;fhyk;.rkanghiwepfo;e;jfhyk;>irtrpj;jhe;jfhyk;” vdf;$WtJ epahakhdJ.
,jid nka;g;gpj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
tpraefu ehaf;fu;fhyk;
➢,f;fhy #o;epiyapid kpfRUf;fkhf mwpKfQ;nra;f.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspd; gz;Gfisj; jUf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,f;fhy murpay;
nghUshjhu r%fepiyfspd; nry;thf;F vj;jifaJ.?
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyk; nghJkf;fs; ,yf;fpa fhyk; tpsf;Ff.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyj;jy; vOe;jr rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; gz;Gfisj;
jUf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyj;jpy; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpaikf;fhd
fhuzq;fisj; jUf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyk; Nrhou;fhyj;jpd; njhlh;r;rpahfTk; gpw;gl;l
fhyj;jpw;F tpbnts;spahfTk; jpfo;e;jJ ,f;$w;iw tpsf;fpf;
fhl;Lf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyk; xU gpuge;j fhyk; tpsf;Ff.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhy nghJkf;fs; rhh;ghd ,yf;fpaq;fspd;
gz;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L tpsf;Ff.
➢Nrhou;fhy ,yf;fpa gz;GfSf;Fk; tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhy ,yf;fpa
gz;GfSf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghLfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
➢fhsnkfg;Gythpd; ftpj;jt Mw;wiy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyk; nrhy;yhy;>nghUshy;>fUthy; tul;rpAw;w
fhyk; ,jid Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkh? ckJ fUj;Jf;fis gjpT
nra;f.
➢tpraefu-ehaf;fu;fhyk; xU jj;Jtnewpf;fhyk; tpsf;Ff.
INuhg;gpau; fhyk;
 ,f;fhymurpay;>nghUshjhu>rka>r%f>gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fis
RUf;fkhf tiuaiu nra;f.
 gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rp Nghf;Ffis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 INuhg;gpau; fhy nra;As; ,yf;fpa Nghf;Ffis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 INuhg;gpau; fhy ciueil ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rpg;Nghf;F gw;wp
Muha;f.
 ,f;fhy
etPd jkpo; ciueil tsh;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fis
njspTgLj;Jf.
 ,f;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpaJiwapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fis
vLj;Jf;$Wf.
 INuhg;gpau; tUifapdhy; jkpopy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahit?
 INuhg;gpau; ciueil tsh;rr
; pf;F Mw;wpa gq;fspg;ig kjpg;gpLf.
 rpy Nky;ehl;L mwpQh;fspd; jkpo;gzpia gjpTnra;f.
 gpd;tUtd gw;wp rpWFwpg;ngOJf.
jkpo; ,yf;fzk;>,yf;fpak;>mfuhjp>ciueil vd;gtw;wpw;F Nky; ehl;lhh;
gq;Fw;Wjy; vt;thwhdJ?
 ciueil tsh;rr
; papdhy; jkpo; nkhopapy; vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; vit?
 Nkiyj; Njrj;jtu; tUifapdhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; tbtk;>nghUs;kugpy; khw;wj;ij fz;lJ
,jid tpsf;Ff.
 ,f;fhyj;jpy; gj;jphpif Jiwtsh;r;rpfz;lthw;wpid tpsf;Ff.
 gjpg;Gj;Jiw jkpo; ,yf;fpa Nghf;fpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fis Fwpg;gpLf.
 ,f;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j njhlf;ffhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs; gw;wp fUj;Jiu toq;Ff.
cjhuzk;-; ehty;>rpWfij>ftpij.
nrk;nkhop me;j];J ngw;w
jiy rpwe;j jkpOf;F jiyj;
; Nthk;………
jho;jJ