The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles- Midterms

 Social development is
THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF that which affects birth
GROWTH AND the physical and
DEVELOPMENT cognitive aspects of
functioning.
Human Development
4.) Moral Development
 the pattern of
movement or change  aware of what is right or
that begins at what is wrong; to
conception and unfold standards or
continues through the habits that have to do
life span of a person. with right or wrong
 the scientific of the conduct.
quantitative and 5.) Spiritual Development
qualitative ways by
which people change  An evolved refinement
over time. of though and feeling of
the spirit or soul as
Quantitative change –
distinguished from the
are changes in the number or
body or material matters.
amount of something, such as
 A consciousness; of
height, or weight, or size of
religion or the church.
vocabulary
Two Approaches to Human
Qualitative change –
refers to the increase in skills Development
and complexity of function If you believe that 2 people will
resulting in increased show extensive change from
specialization. birth to adolescence, little or
Aspects of Human no change in adulthood and
decline in late old age, your
Development
approach to development is
Human Development is very TRADITIONAL. In contrast, if
complex because growth and you believe that even in
change occur in different adulthood development
aspects of the self. These change takes place as it does
different aspects of life are during childhood, your
interwined. approach is TERMED LIFE-
SPAN APPROACH.
1.) Physical Development
Characteristics of life-span
 Changes in the body, perspective by Paul Baltes
brain, sensory,
capacities, and motor • Development is
skills. lifelong. It does not
 Exert major influence end in adulthood. No
on both intellect and developmental stage
personality. dominates
development.
2.) Intellectual Development • Development is
 Changes in a wide multidimensional.
variety of mental Development consist
abilities such as of biological, cognitive,
learning, memory, and socio-emotional
reasoning, thinking dimensions
and facility with • Development is
language; related to plastic. Development
both motor and the is possible throughout
emotional aspect of the life span.
development. • Development is

3.) Personality and Social contextual.

Development Individuals are
changing beings in a
 Personality is the
unique way in which changing world
each person deals with Principles of Human
the world, expresses Development
emotions and gets
along with other 1.) Development is
individuals. relatively orderly.
 Two Types of Pattern: before
the
a.) Development hands
proceeds from head and
downward. the
• This is hands
called and
cepha feet
lo- develo
cauda p
l before
princi the
ple/ finger
patter s and
n. The toes.
child
gains
contro 2.) Development involves
l of change
the - We can expect individual
head differences in developmental
first, characteristics and variation in
then the ages when people will
the experience events that will
arm, influence their development.
then
the
legs.
Infant
s
develo
p
contro
l of
the
head
and a.) Cephacaudal b.)
face Proximadistal
move
ments
within
the
first 2
month
s after
birth
3.) Development takes place
gradually
b.) Development
proceeds from the 4.) Development as a
center of the body process is complex because
outward. it is a product of biological,

• This is
the cognitive and socio
princip
le of
proxi
emotional processes.
modis
tal (Santrock, 2002)
patter
n/ - We can expect individual
devel differences in developmental
opme characteristics and variation in
nt. the ages when people will
This experience events that will
mean influence their development.
s that 5. Development involves
the growth, maintenance and
spinal regulation
cord
develo - Growth, maintenance and
ps regulation are (3) goals of
human development. The 1.) Infancy- period of new-
goals of individuals vary born
among development stages.
2.) Babyhood
Other principle of Development
includes: 3.) Childhood- 2 to 13 years
of age
A.Development is continuous-
one stage of development  Early
lays the foundation for the Childhood 
next stage of development Late
B.Early development is more Childhood- “gang
critical than later age”
development 4.)Adolescence- twelve years
onwards
C.The child develops as
unified whole • Early
D.Early development takes Adolescence
place in stages- each stage - physical
has a certain unique growth is
characteristics and in each rapid
stage, certain types of • Later
behaviour or traits are more Adolescence
conspicuous than others. - tapering off
of physical
E. Each phase of development growth but the
has characteristics psychological
behaviour development
continuous in
 the patterns of many
behaviour are marked complex ways
by period of
equilibrium and 5.) Adulthood- physical
periods of changes are nearly complete
disequilibrium. but the psychological
adjustment continue.
F. Each phase of development
has its own hazard Why is it important for us o
have knowledge about the
 There are sample principle of development?
evidence that each
phase of development • It helps us to know
associated with its what to expect and
certain development when to expect it.
hazard • It gives the adult
information as to when
G.There are periods of to stimulate the child. It
accelerated growth and gives a basis for
decelerated growth planning the
H.Development is influenced environmental
by heredity and encouragement that
environment must be offered and
the correct time of this
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles- Midterms
encouragement.
• It makes possible for
I. Development is product of parents, teachers and
maturation and learning other who work with
J. Development is influenced the children to prepare
by heredity and the child ahead of time
environment for the changes that
will take place in his
K.Development is product of body, interests or his
maturation and learning. behaviour.
The Entire Period of GROWTH AND
Development is Divided into DEVELOPMENT
5 Stages
 Growth and
Parental Period - growth of all
development are
body parts.
similar words but
different from each
 other though it is not DEVELOPMENT
possible to separate
them totally. 1. Development is
quantitative as well as
 Is the physical process qualitative.
of development
2. In this with the
 Growth if often physical changes
referred as cognitive social and
QUANTITATIVE emotional change are
change also included.
 It is the process of 3. Development takes
physical maturation place till death
resulting an increase
in size of the body and 4. It can be observes by
various organs. It mature behaviour
occurs by
multiplication of cells 5. Development deals
and an increase in with all the aspect of
intercellular substance personality and has a
vast scope.
 There are periods of
accelerated growth Relation between Growth,
and decelerated Maturation and Learning
growth.
MATURATION
 Growth in human are
 refers to sequential
rapid at two stages.
characteristic of
First, during the period
biological growth and
of gestation and two
development.
years after the births of
Maturation is the
a child. Second, during
process by which we
adolescence (11-18).
change, grow and
 Growth generally takes develop throughout life
place during the first and enable orderly
20 years of life while changes in behavior,
development continue relatively uninfluenced
after that. by experience. It is
also an increase in
Growth Monitoring- is the competence and
process of maintaining regular adaptability.
close observation of a child’s
growth. Different Types of
Maturation
-Weight - Length and height
-Body Mass Index (BMI) THE PHYSICAL
MATURATION
- Head Circumference
-Chest Circumference - indicates the physical
development and
GROWTH growth that we go
through as we get
1.) Growth is quantitative older. A child goes
through some very
2.) Growth comprises of
distinct physical
height, weight, size
maturity as they
and shape of body
progress through all
organs like brain etc.
their development
3.) Growth is for limited stages. For example,
period of time in the early stages of
development, a child
4.) Growth can be depends on reflexes
measured majorly. Then as they
age, they develop their
5.) Growth tells about motor skills and
one’s aspect of coordination. They
personality nut in a also grow taller and
limited scope. add more weight as
they develop. Their
body goes through
hormonal changes as
they leave
 adolescence and enter
early adulthood.
THE COGNITIVE
MATURATION

- refers to the cognitive

development of
children from birth to
adulthood. It refers to
how babies think,
learn, interact with
their environment, etc.
Some important
aspect of cognitive
development is the
processing of
information, language
development,
reasoning skills,
development of
intellects and memory.
Principles of Maturation
PRINCIPLE OF
DIRECTIONALITY

- development govern
with maturation has
clear direction.
PRINCIPLE OF FUNCTIONAL
SYMMETRY

- human has tendency

to develop
asymmetrically; one
half of the brain is
dominant over the
other half.
PRINCIPLE OF SELF-
REGULATING
FLUCTUATION
Is invoked to reflect the
supposedly inherit spiral
nature of development with
advances, regressions,
consolidation and new
advances.

Learning

Learning takes place

because of a child’s interaction
a with the environment, which
then brings about a change in
his behavior; comes through
experience, knowledge and
practice.