Department of Information Technology

Subject: Machine Learning (6IT4-02)

Session: 2020-2021

Lecture Notes: Introduction about Machine Learning

Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre

Rajasthan Technical University, Jaipur.
 VISSION AND MISSION OF INSTITUTE

Vision:
To become a renowned centre of outcome based learning, and work towards academic,
professional, cultural and social enrichment of the lives of individuals and communities.

Mission:
• Focus on evaluation of learning outcomes and motivate students to inculcate research
aptitude by project based learning.
• Identify areas of focus and provide platform to gain knowledge and solutions based
on informed perception of Indian, regional and global needs.
• Offer opportunities for interaction between academia and industry.
• Develop human potential to its fullest extent so that intellectually capable and
imaginatively gifted leaders can emerge in a range of professions.

VISION AND MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

Vision:

To establish outcome based excellence in teaching, learning and commitment to support IT

Industry.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mission:

M1: To provide outcome based education.

M2: To provide fundamental & Intellectual knowledge with essential skills to meet current and
future need of IT Industry across the globe.
M3: To inculcate the philosophy of continues learning, ethical values & Social
Responsibility.
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
1. Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11. Project Management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life –long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
changes needed.
 PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. To strengthen students with fundamental knowledge, effective computing, problem solving

and communication skills enable them to have successful career in Information Technology.

2. To enable students in acquiring Information Technology's latest tools, technologies and

management principles to give them an ability to solve multidisciplinary engineering problems.

3. To impart students with ethical values and commitment towards sustainable development in
collaborative mode.

4. To reinforce students with research aptitude and innovative approaches which help them to
identify, analyze, formulate and solve real life problems and motivates them for lifelong
learning.

5. To empower students with leadership quality and team building skills that prepare them for
employment, entrepreneurship and to become competent professionals to serve societies and
global needs

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOME

PSO1: Graduates of the program would be able to develop mobile and web based IT solutions
for real time problems.
PSO2: Graduates of the program would be able to apply the concepts of artificial intelligence,
machine learning and deep learning.
SYLLABUS
 LECTURE PLAN
Subject & Code:6IT4-02 Machine Learning Year/sem: III/ VI
No. of Lecture Req./(Avl.) : 40/40
Semester Starting: 7/4/2021 Semester Ending:

Rem
ark/
Unit No./ Act
Lect. Lect. Date of
Total lec. Topics ual
Req. No. Delivery
Req. lect.
Tak
en
Unit-1 Introduction: Objective, Scope and Outcome
1 1
(1)
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms, Types of Machine
Learning 1 2

Linear Regression Model 1 3

Naive Bayes Classifier 1 4
Decision Tree 1 5
Unit-
2(9) Random Forest 1 7
k-nearest neighbour 1 8
Support Vector Machine 1 9
Logistic Regression 1 10
Unsupervised Learning Algorithms
Cluster Analysis and 11,
3 12,
k-mean clustering 13
Hierarchical clustering

Probabilistic Clustering, Gaussian Mixture Model 14,

Unit- 3 2
15
(8) Mining Frequent Pattern,
16,
Association Rule Mining,
3 17,
Apriori Algorithm, 18
FP Growth Algorithm
Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory
1 19
Feature Extraction:
20,
PCA 2
21
SVD
Unit -4 Feature Selection
(9) Feature Ranking 1 22
Subset Selection
 Filter Method: Chi-Square , ANOVA, LDA 23
3 24
25
Wrapper Method: .Forward Selection, .Backward Elimination 26
2
27
Semi Supervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning 1 28
Reinforcement Learning
29
2
Markov Decision Process 30

Bellman Equation 1 31
Policy Evaluation using Monte Carlo 1 32
Unit-5
(7) Q-Learning 1 33
SARSA 1 34
Model Based Reinforcement Learning 1 35
Recommended System
1 36
Collaborative Filtering
1 37
Content Based Filtering
Unit- 1 38
6(6) Artificial Neural Network, Perceptron, Multi-Layer Network
1 39
Back propagation Algorithm
1 40
Introduction to Deep Learning
1 41

Books:
1. Book1: Data Mining Concept and Techniques (3rd edition), Jiwai Han, Micheline
Kamber, Jian Pei, MK Publisher
2. Book2: Applied Machine Learning, M.Gopal, TMH Publisher
3. Book3: An Introduction to statistical Learning, Springer
Course Outcomes:

Subject: Machine Learning Code: 6IT4-02

CO 1 Understand types, applications and scope of machine learning techniques.

CO 2 Classify and analyse data using machine learning techniques.

Identify frequent patterns from database; and be able to integrate machine learning
CO 3 libraries, mathematical and statistical tools with modern technologies to solve real
world problems.
Apply reinforcement learning methods to evaluate policy as well as to understand
CO 4 the role of recommendation engine to solve business problems; also be able to
create good understanding about neural network and deep learning.

Mapping of Course Outcomes with Program Outcomes:

High (H): 3, Medium (M):2, Low (L):1

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 H M M L - - - - - - - -
CO2 H M L H - - - - - - - -
CO3 H H M H H M - - - - - -
CO4 H H H M H H - - - - - -

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 2 1 - - - - - - - -
CO2 3 2 1 3 - - - - - - - -
CO3 3 3 2 3 3 2 - - - - - -
CO4 3 3 3 2 3 3 - - - - - -
 Unit-I: Introduction
1. Introduction

1.1 Objective
This course provides an introduction to the Machine Learning. In particular, the course
will consider supervised, unsupervised and semi supervised machine learning algorithms.
This course also introduces statistical learning methods and recommended system. The
objective of this course is to enhance the knowledge of students in the field of machine
learning.

1.2 Scope

Machine learning is itself a type of artificial intelligence that allows software

applications to become more accurate in predicting outcomes without being explicitly
programmed. So, if a person wants to get a job in the field of Artificial Intelligence, it is
the best time to upskill with one of the crucial aspects of AI, named machine learning.
With a humongous amount of data becoming more available today, Machine Learning is
starting to move to the cloud. Data Scientists will no longer explicitly custom code or
manage infrastructure. A.I. and ML will help the systems to scale for them, generate new
models on the go and deliver faster and accurate results.
The emerging Scope of Machine Learning
There is a rapid expansion across all fields like banking and finance, IT, media & entertainment,
gaming, as well as the automotive industry. It can revolutionize the world in the future.
Automotive Industry
The definition of safe driving is changing and there are companies like Google, Tesla,
Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, that have made a huge investment to make novel innovations. The self-
driving cars use Machine Learning, IoT sensors, voice recognition systems, and high-definition
cameras.
Self-Driving Cars
After sitting in the car the user can enter the location and this will ensure a safe drive to the
destination. It is possible because of the advancement of Machine Learning.
Robotics
Robotics is an interesting field and after the creation of AI-robot, Sophia, there are many
inventions based on the use of ML and AI. The robots mimic the human brain, use neural
networks, computer vision, and other technologies to perform the tasks similar to human beings.
Quantum Computing
Machine Learning will help to reach the next level of Quantum Computing. It uses the
mechanical phenomena of quantum-like entanglement and superposition to create quantum
systems that exhibit multiple states at the same time. In the entanglement, two different
states can be referenced. The quantum systems are built by using advanced quantum algorithms
to process data at a high speed. This enhances the processing power of ML models. Computer
Vision
Today computers have evolved eyes that work and have achieved fantastic progress from 26%
error (2011) to 3 %( 2016). Furthermore, Machine Learning Gives the ability to a machine in
recognizing and analyzing images, videos, graphics.
Present Salary Trends
There is a great scope of Machine Learning job opportunities in India, and throughout the world,
in comparison to other careers. There will be 2.3 million jobs in AI and ML by 2022. The ML
Engineers draw a high salary that is 865,257 as per Forbes.
The skills required to become an ML Engineer
Programming:
Programming is an important aspect. A professional can use R and Python languages.
Understanding of data structures:
There must be a good grasp of the concepts of data structure because these are the core of
software.
Mathematics:
This is necessary for doing the computation. Knowledge of applying mathematical concepts is
important and includes calculus, statistics, linear algebra, and probability.
Software engineering:
Machine Learning models must integrate with the software and the professionals must have deep
knowledge of software engineering.
Data mining and visualization:
Machine Learning models are built on top of a variety of data, understanding the data is essential
requiring experience in data visualization/ mining.
Machine Learning algorithms:
It is important for the professional to be well experienced in implementing ML algorithms.

1.3 Outcome
After completion of this course, students will be able to:

1.Understand types, applications and scope of machine learning techniques.

2.Classify and analyse data using machine learning techniques.

3.Identify frequent patterns from database; and be able to integrate machine learning
libraries, mathematical and statistical tools with modern technologies to solve real
world problems.

4.Apply reinforcement learning methods to evaluate policy as well as to understand

the role of recommendation engine to solve business problems; also be able to create
good understanding about neural network and deep learning.