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Biology - Paper 2 - Question Paper

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73 views5 pages

Biology - Paper 2 - Question Paper

Uploaded by

justnrutto3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ZERAKI PRE-KCSE EXAMINATIONS JULY 2024 –BIOLOGY PP2

MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
1. a) Prevent excess of water/ reduce the rate of transpiration
b) Presence of chloroplasts; bean-shaped/differentially thickened walls;
c) Passage of Carbon (IV) Oxide that is a raw material for photosynthesis; Expel Oxygen
which is a waste from photosynthesis;
d) drop in ATP/Energy leads to stoppage of Sodium pump thus Potassium ions migrate to
epidermal cells from guard cells; Osmotic pressure of guard cells decrease; thus guard cells
lose water molecules by osmosis (to adjacent epidermal cells); making the guard cells
plasmolysed (thus stoma closes);

2. a) Acetylcholine; Accept Neurotransmitter


b) Allow passage of impulses from one nerve cell to the next; Important in learning and
memory;
c) Generate more energy required for re-synthesis of acetylcholine;
d) Synaptic vesicle/B fuses with pre-synaptic membrane and bursts to release
Acetylcholine into region C/Synaptic Cleft; which makes post-synaptic membrane
permeable; to allow passage of Sodium ions into Y; this causes depolarization of post-
synaptic membrane (and an action potential/impulse in Y);

3. a) The two genes are co-dominant; thus blend to create an intermediate/yellow phenotype;
b)

c)i) Genotypic Ratio: 1RR:2RO:1RO;


ii) 1 Red winged: 2Yellow winged: 1 Orange winged;
4. a) Has cell membrane only; Small vacuole; Centrally placed Nucleus: Mark 1st 2
b) i) Mitochondrion;
ii) Proteins;
c) i) T;
ii) S;
d) i) Help the cell detect changes in the environment; Determine how various substances
enter or leave the cell cytoplasm;
ii) Determine what gets in and out of the cell:
5. a) i) 6-Bowman’s capsule;
ii) 7-Proximal Convoluted Tubule;
b) i) Create a high blood pressure to enhance ultrafiltration in region 6;
ii) Cells along walls of 3 and 4 release their Urea directly into the renal fluids;
c) secretes aldosterone hormone which increases of membranes of tubules of region 4/loop
of Henle; thus more Sodium ions are re-absorbed back to the bloodstream;
d) Numerous mitochondria to generate more energy required for active transport during
reabsorption of nutrients back to blood;
Numerous micro-villi to increase surface area for reabsorption of nutrients back to the
bloodstream;
SECTION B (40 MARKS)

6. a) half mark for each correct entry


Concentration Initial length Final length of Change in Percentage
of sucrose of potato Potato strip length of potato Change in length
solution strip (mm) (mm) strip (mm) of Potato strip (%)
(mol/dm )3

0.0 50.0 53.0 3.0 6.0


0.2 50.0 52.0 2.0 4.0
0.4 50.0 51.0 1.0 2.0
0.6 50.0 50.5 0.5 1.0
0.8 50.0 49.0 -1.0 -2.0
1.0 50.0 48.0 -2.0 -4.0
1.2 50.0 48.0 -2.0 -4.0

b)i) Hypotonic/Low concentration; the potato cells gained water molecules by osmosis;

ii) Hypertonic/Higher concentration; potato cells lost water molecules by osmosis;

iii) No further osmosis; since the cells are fully plasmolysed;


c)

d) 0.675 mol/dm3;
e) i)Placed in distilled water/Hypotonic solution;
ii) De-plasmolysis;
f) Absorption of water in the colon/gut; reabsorption of water molecules in kidney
nephrons; Osmoregulation; Mark 1st 2

7. a) do not destroy their habitat: avoid wastage by collecting just what is enough for study:
do not harm the specimen: return live specimen back to their habitat after study: highly
mobile animals be immobilized by use of chemicals e.g chloroform for ease of
observations; handle dangerous or injurious specimen with caution; use protective gears to
protect from dangerous ones; Mark 1st 5

b) i) SKIN: leads increased internal body temperature, Thus, There is sweating; to


eliminate nitrogenous wastes/urea/excess water; this also leads to cooling of the body; after
water in the sweat evaporates; blood vessels also dilate; more blood flow close to skin
surface; leading to loss of excess heat by radiation/convectional current; hair on the skin
also lie on skin surface to allow heat loss by radiation/convection;

ii) HEART: There is increased heart beat; which increase blood pressure; thus more
blood pumped to muscles/blood vessels; to increase supply of Oxygen; nutrients/glucose;
for continued respiration; to supply more energy needed to sustain vigorous physical
activity/muscle contraction; helps faster removal of Carbon (IV) Oxide/Nitrogenous
wastes to excretory organs to be removed from the body; since if left to accumulate in the
body, will poison/intoxicate the body tissues;

8. a) External intercostal muscles relax; internal intercostal muscles contract; rib cage moves
downwards; and inwards; diaphragm muscle relax; and diaphragm resumes its dome-
shaped; volume of thoracic cavity reduce; and pressure increases; air is forced out of the
lungs via trachea and nostril to th atmosphere;

b) DRUG ABUSE: May lead to decreased appetite and poor feeding habits thus body gets
emaciated; poor absorption of vital vitamin K and E leading to infertility/poor vision; poor
performance of duty/sports due to poor body posture/balance; frequent coughs and lung
infection due to irritation of lungs; may lead to lung/throat cancer; may cause stomach
ulcers; damage to liver and heart tissues leading to heart attack and live cirrhossis; poor
body temperature regulation thus excessive heat loss; damage to brain that may lead to
insomnia/lack of sleep; hallucinatios; delirium; loss of memory/amnesia; pregnancy
complications and poor foetal development in women; impaired judgement that predispose
one to accidents and infections like HIV and AIDS; damage to critical organs may lead to
death;

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